FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin ~ Restricted to the Use of Law Enforcement Officials

AUGUST 1956 Vol.25 No.8

CONTENTS Page The FBI Law En• Statement oj Director J. Edgar Hoover 1 forcement Bulletin FBI National Academy: is issued monthly Fifty­seventh Class Graduate From FBI ational Academy _ ­ ­ 2 to law­enforcement agencies through- Feature Article: out the United Police Experience Dictates Future Disa ter Plans, by Chief Walter States. Much of L. McNulty and Lt. Joseph B. Congdon, outh Kingstown, R. I., the data appearing Police Department ...... 7 herein is of a confi- Traffic: dential nature and Traffic Program Brings Results and Rewards, by William A. Hydie, its circulation Chief of Police, Palo Alto, Calif...... 11 should be restricted to law­enforcement Police Training: officers; therefore, Police Cadet System Works at Cincinnati, by Capt. Frank Bornhoffer material contained and Capt. Paul R. Flaugher, Division of Police, Cincinnati, Ohio 15 in this Bulletin Identification: may not be re- Interesting Pattern...... _ . . _ . . . . . Back cover printed without prior authorization Other Topic&: by the Federal Organization and Functions of an Emergency Reserve, by Sheriff Bureau of Investi- Harold S. Zeis, Allen County, Ind...... 20 gation. IACP Conference . . 25 Cooperative Effort in Air Defense Plan, by Col. John M. White, Com- mander, 4602d AISS, Peterson Field, Colorado Springs, Colo. 25 Unidentified Deceased . 26 Wanted by the FBI . _ . . . . . _ . . _ . . . . 28

Published by the FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION, UNITED STATES ~ DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington 25, D. C. ~ F=BI LAW ENF=ORCEMENT BULLETIN INSERT

F=UGITIVES WANTED -- MISSING PERSON NOTICES CANCELLATIONS

Vol. 25 August 1956 No.8

Published by F=ederal Bureau of Investigation United States Department of Justice Washington 25, D. C.

TO: FBI, Washington, D. C. Date ______

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R·84 Disposition Sheets Forms

1·12 Wanted Notice Forms

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(Use when ordering supplies from the FBI) FBI'S TEN MOST WANTED FUGITIVES (As of July 17 , 1956)

HENRY RANOOLPIi MITOiELL, with aliases I 15 S U 7 FLENOY PAYNE, with aliases. LL Michael S. Angle, Martin Hogan, Henry L Tt 13 Flenoid Payne, Flenois Payne, LL Ralph Mitchell, William Lawrence Flenor Payne, Flourney Payne, 15 0 9 U 000 tt 'li ilson, J. C. Womack, "Little Mitch". "Sam", "Sambo • L 22 U 001 11 W; born 9­27­95; 5'5"; 155 Ibs; stky N; born 7­18­09; 5'11"; 139­160 Ibs; bld; brn hair; gr brn eyes; rdy comp; sldr bld; blk hair; brn eyes; brn occ ­ auditor, clerk, mach, porter. comp; occ ­ farmer, lab. Wanted by \Vanted by FBI for BANK ROBBERY. FBI for UNLAIVFUL FLIGIT TO AVOID IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2207 PROSECUTION (Murder). FBI#­171307 IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2725 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE FBI#­641114 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE rt middle rt middle

FREDERICK J. TENUTO, with aliases. Wwc DANIEL WILLIAM O'CONNOR, with aliases: 0 31 wt 19 Leonard Durham, John Thomas dW2c Mike Clancy, Bob Collins, James 0 20 N 23 Lestella, Frank Pinto, Durso 0 31 W 100 18 Ref. 29 Garnie, Marcel Gelinas, Jacob Thornberry, "St. John", "The I 28 W011 19 28 Geres, Bill O'Brian, Jack O'Brien. Angel". 1'1; born 9­14­28; 5'9"; 200 Ibs; muscular ,V; born 1-2~15; 5'5"; 143 Ibs; stky bld; blond hair; bl eyes; rdy comp; occ - bld; blk hair; dk brn eyes; dk comp; lifeguard, truck driver, wrestler. occ ­ butcher's helper, lab, sheet I'/anted by FBI for INTERSTATE TRANSPOR- metal worker. Wanted by FBI for UNLAWFUL TATION OF STOLEN PROPERTY and as a FLIGiT TO AVOID CONFINEMENT (Murder). DESERTER . IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2313 IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2658 FBI#­676095 FBI#­357 172 B FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE 1 t thumb FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE 1 t middle

JAMES EDDIE DIGGS, with 8 0 5 A II 3 Ref: 1 A OiARLES EDWARD RANELS, with aliases: ML aliases. Dick Diggs, "Smitty". 0 17 A II 2 17 aA H. L. Boyer, John L. Boyer, H. L. LLL N; born 5­29­13; 6' 0"; 160 Ibs; Cameron, Charles H. Mercer, T. A. 18 L 9 U 000 8 sldr bId; blk hair; brn eyes; dk Nelson, Charles Renals . M 1 U 000 10 brn comp; occ ­ aircraft mechanic, 1'1; born 4­14­22; 5'7 1/2"; 150 Ibs; chauffeur, porter . Wanted by FBI med bld; brn hair; brn eyes; med for UNLAWFUL FLIGIT TO AVOID comp; occ ­ bookkeeper, fireman, PROSECUTION (Murder). truck driver . ilanted by FBI for IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2246 BANK ROBBERY . FBI#­216 692 A IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2828 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE FBI#­1332659 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE rt ring rt ring

DAVID DANIEL KEEGAN, with aliases : 5 0 5 Ut 6 Ref: 21 JOSEPH JAMES BAGNOLA, with aliases: MLM David Danial Keegan, Burt Williams. M17 Tt 4 17 Robert Bagnolia, Joe Bang, Frank LMM \'1; born 9­28­18; 5' 11"; 159 Ibs; med Bologna, Frank Caruso, J. Cozei, 110 U 000 17 ft bId; blk hair; bl eyes; rdy comp; occ - IIJo Jo", "Joe Bags • S 17 U 000 16 bartender, cab driver . Wanted by FBI 1'1; born 5­7­16 (?); 5'10"; 1801bs; for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF STOLEN med hvy bld; dk brn hair; brn eyes; dk PROPERTY and UNLAWFUL FLIGIT TO AVOID comp; occ ­ lab, welder. Wanted by PROSECUTION (Murder). FBI for UNLAIIFUL FLIGIT TO AVOID IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2707 PROSECUTION (Murder). FBI#­359 837 A IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2590 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE FBI#­971355 FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE rt ring It ring

CARMINE DI BIASE, with aliases: LL EUGENE FRANCIS NEWMAN, with aliases: 11 S 1 U­t 2 Ref: T Carmine D. Biasi, Carmine De Biasi, LML Elvin James Hall, Daniel Joseph S 1 Tt 2 T Carmine Di Biasi, Carmine Vincent 13 0 9 U 000 15 Lyons, James Salemski, James Di Bias i, Ernest Pinto, "Sonny". M 17 U 000 18 Salerno, James Salmerio, Daniel \'1; born 1~27 - 22; 5'8"; 2O~210 Ibs; J . Sheridan, It Jimtl . stky bld; blk hair; brn eyes; med comp; 1'1; born 1~3-25 (?); 5'8"; 17~180 Ibs; occ ­ factory hand, mach, millwright, med bld; blond hair; bl eyes; med comp; painter, plumber ' s helper, salesman, occ ­ bricklayer, clerk, counterman, tailor. Wanted by FBI for UNLAWFUL lab. Wanted by FBI for UNLAVIFUL FLIGIT FLIGIT TO AVOID PROSECUTION (Murder) . TO AVOID PROSECUTION (Robbery) . IDENTIFICATION ORDER #­2871 TnFNTTFTrATI 0 ~ QP~ E ~ ~ - 2e75 I'BIII­2140696 FBI#­355109B FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE FBI TOP TEN FUGITIVE It index WILLIE JAMES ALLEN , with aliases: 14 o 32 W 000 Ref : 32 ROY EUGENE BUTLER , with alias : 20 M 12 R 000 Ref : 12 William James Allen , Willie Allen . M 24 WOID 20 Eugene Butler. S 22 R OIl 24 #67500 StBd of Carr, Montgomery, Ala; #770 SO , Wooster, Ohio; W; born N; born 6­17­31 (?); 5 ' 6 1/2"; 175 9­15­31; 5' 11" ; 150 Ibs; med sldr Ibs; med hvy bid; blk hair; brn eyes; bid; brn hair: haz eyes; med compo dk brn comp; ace ­ lab. Rec ' d StBd Wanted for BURG . of Carr , Montgomery, Ala , 9­16­55 to (Notify: SO , Wooster, Ohio) serve a sent for BURG . ESCAPED FBI#­4707150 ­ AUG 1956 5­30­56. (Notify: StBd of Carr, Montgomery, Ala) FBI#­176 329 B ­ AUG 1956 rt index It index

RALPH ANDRE, with aliases: 19 0 10 R­­r 16 WILLIAM W. CHASTEEN , with 7 S U III 4 Ref : T Ralph Raymond Andre, "Buddy". L 25 U aliases : Bill Chastain , William S U­t II 4 U #01040 PO , North Bergen , NJ; W; born Whitley Chastee, Jr . , William 9­25­34; 5 ' 11"; 140 Ibs; sldr bid; brn Chasteen, William Whitehead hair; bl eyes; fair comp o Wanted for Chasteen , Willie Chastine . GRAND LARCENY and AGGRAVATED ASSAULT . #A­32616/24615 StBd of Carr, Atlanta , (Notify: PO , Guttenberg , NJ) Gal W; born 3­1­09 (?) ; 5'11"; 155 FBI#­822 112 B ­ AUG 1956 Ibs; med sldr bid; brn hair; brn eyes; rdy comp ; ace ­ heavy equipment oper- ator. Rec ' d StBd of Carr, Atlanta , Ga , 11­10­54 to serve 10 yrs for BURG and ROB . ESCAPED 5­10­56. r t t humb (Notify: St Bd of Carr, Atlanta , Ga) rt ring FBI#­827408 ­ AUG 1956 ­­­­­

JAMES EDWARD ANDREWS, with 5 0 5 U 101 14 Ref : 5 EARL CHARLES CLARK , with aliases : 20 0 25 W IMM alias: James Andrews . I 17 U IlO 10 25 Earl Clark, Earl C. Clark . L 30 U 001 18 #B­384324 SO , Los Angeles , Calif ; #263965/(R­128299) PO , Los Angeles , W; born 12­26­ 36; 5' 3" ; 132 Ibs; med Calif ; W; born 7­10­16; 5' 11 "; 150 bid ; brn hair; haz eyes ; dk comp; Ibs; med sldr bid; brn hair; brn ace ­ ranch hand . Wanted for RAPE . eyes; dk rdy comp; occ ­ cabinet (Notify: SO , San Diego , Calif) maker , construction worker , cook . FBI#­720 107 B ­ AUG 1956 Wanted for AUTO THEFT . (Notify: PO, Los Angeles , Calif) FBI#­2742672 ­ AUG 1956

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CHARLES ARTHUR BERG , with aliases : 12 M 1 Ta Ref : 1 CLARENCE HENRY CLEMENTS , with 15 M 25 W MOO 11 Ref : 29 Arthur Lee Bates , Charles Berg, M 5 Ua 12 13 aliases : Clarence Henry J . L 17 R 110 17 17 Jr. , Charles Aurther Berg . Clements, Clarence Clements, #77BO PO, Evansville, Ind; W; born Clarence H. Clements . 2­16­23; 5' 7" ; 155 Ibs; stky bid; #H­2779 Anne Arundel Co PO , dk brn hair; brn eyes; med dk comp; Ferndale , Md ; W; born 3­14­26; 5 ' 7" ; occ ­ truck driver , welder . 165 Ibs; stky bid; brn hair; bl Wanted for GRAND LARCENY. eyes; fair comp ; occ ­ bartender . (Notify : PO , Evansville, Ina) Wanted for BRK and ENT and LARCENY . FBI#­1660322 ­ AUG 1956 (Notify: PO , Ferndale, Md) FBI#­1967594 ­ AUG 1956 rt index

THOMAS BROWN , with aliases : 9 0 1 U 100 8 HENRY JEFFERSON CRAWFORD , with 21 L 5 U 101 16 T. Brown, Tom Br own, Tonrny L 17 U 001 17 aliases: H. Crawford , Henry I 1 U 101 14 Brown , Pete Williams . Crawford , Henry J . Cr awford , #A­20616 StDept of Carr, Atlanta , Hicks Crawford , Jeff Crawford . Ga; N; born 12­18­ 24 (?); 5' 10"; #9704 K SO , Pensacola , Fla ; W; born 175 Ibs ; med bi d; bl k hair; dk brn 12­27­14 (?); 5 ' 11" ; 160 Ibs ; mad eyes; dk brn comp; occ ­ fruit bi d ; dk brn hair; haz eyes; med rdy picker, janitor, lab. Rec ' d StDept comp; occ - cook , lab , mech , roofer , of Carr, Atlanta , Ga , 9­ 13­47 to sign painter, truck driver . Wanted serve 10 to 15 yrs for ROB BY FORCE . for BURG , BRK and ENT and ESCAPE ESCAPED 4­25­56 . 5­20­56 . (Notify: St Bd of Carr, Atlanta, Ga) (Notify: SO, Lucedale , Miss) FBI#­2083193 ­ AUG 1956 It middle FBI#­3070348 ­ AUG 1956 r t ring

LOUIS NAPOLEON BRUCE , JR ., with 8 SlAt 15 Ref : A JOE DELK , JR . , with aliases : 15 0 30 W 10M 17 alias : Louis N. Bruce, Jr . S 1 U 16 Tt Joe N. Delk , Jr. , Joe Noel I 19 W MOO #4719 SO , Albuquerque , NMex; W; born Delk , Joseph Noel Delk , Jr . 4­26­ 35 ; 6' 3" ; 155 Ibs: sldr bid; brn #54­139 PD . Paducah. Kv : W: hn~n ~.::::.::- ; bl e ye:" i t (;ump . Wdnt.ea tor 9­9­28; 5' 11" ; 175 Ibs; med bid; brn GRAND LARCENY . hair; bl eyes; rdy comp; ace ­ marine (Notify: SO , Green River, Wyo) engineer, river boat worker . Wanted FBI#­ 312 478 B ­ AUG 1956 for MUR . (Notify: PO , Chicago , Ill) FBI#­304 438 B ­ AUG 1956

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Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies . Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency. 1 CAN C ELL A T ION S ODELL BAILEY, with aliases. (N) JOSEPH CARR ELLINGTON, with aliases. (W) SS/SSS 13 0 1 U 010 12 MIT II 4 L 21 U 011 18 S 1 U III 5 #45368 Stpr, Raleigh, NC. Recaptured. Wanted notice pub #68741 USPen, Atlanta, Ga. Located. Wanted notice pub in January 1954. FBI#­655434. in March 1956. FBI#­216217. * * * * * * * * * * VINCENT BAKER, with aliases. (W) MOSE McKINLEY EVANS, with aliases. (W) Dwwc/dDwwd 13 S 17 W 100 11 o 32 W 110 16 L 1 U 000 14 I 32 W 001 #A­I034 StBd of Corr, Atlanta, Ga. Located. Wanted #A­25B34 StBd of Corr, Atlanta, Ga. Located. Wanted notice pub in April 1956; also pub in November 1953, same notice pub in March 1956. FBI#­606292. name. FBI#­977769. ***** * * * * * CALVIN ROBERT BRADLEY, with aliases. (W) ROBERT LEE GARNER, with aliases. (W) 8 S 11 ROIl 4 12 9 rR COM 14 S 10 T MIlO 10 rA 01 9 #T­314 PO, Las Vegas, Nev. Cancelled. Wanted notice pub #9885 SO, Las Vegas, Nev. Located. Wanted notice pub in in March 1948. FBI#­2203798. January 1956. FBI#­1978971. * * * * * ***** PAUL M. BRIERTON, with aliases. (W) CARLOS CESAR GRADILLA, with alias. (W) 5 0 13 U 100 17 18 L 9 U 000 14 I 17 T 10 17 SIT 00 15 #22128 SO, Buffalo, NY. Located. Wanted notice pub in #­­BFD, Washington, DC. Cancelled. Wanted notice pub in November 1955. FBI#­B42 526 A. July 1949. FBI#­4439232. * * * * * ***** JOHN BROOKS, with aliases. (W) KENNETH ARNOLD JOHNSON, with aliases. (W) dW/dW 20 L 1 A 10 8 o 32 W III 19 M 1 U III 9 I 32 W III #20000 SO, Saint Joseph, Mich. Located. Wanted notice #68136 USPen, Leavenworth, Kans. Located. Wanted notice pub in January 1954. FBI#­4470946. pub in August 1955. FBI#­5039B79. ***** *****

L. J. BIVWN. (N) W/W IRVIN JONES, with aliases. (N) UiM/MIoVo\ o 32 W OMI 18 22 M 1 U 010 13 o 32 W 000 L 1 U 000 13 #24686 PO, Gulfport, Miss. Located. Wanted notice pub #54197 StPr, Raiford, Fla. In custody. Wanted notice in March 1956. FBI#­122 786 B. pub in May 1956. FBI#­1693015. ***** * * * * * JACQUES G. BRYANT, with aliases. (W) JESSE JACK KING, with aliases. (W) LMM/MMM 7 S 1 U 4 Ref, U 16 M 1 U 000 12 S 1 Ta 5 Aa S 1 U 001 11 #11606 StPen, Sioux Falls, SOak. In custody. Wanted #77942­J StPr, Jackson, Mich. Cancelled. Wanted notice notice pub in May 1956. FBI#­3090970. pub in November 1953. FBI#­2882070.

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FRANCIS LEE OOMER, with aliases. (W) WINFIELD LOIMAN, with aliases. (W) 23 L 1 Rt I­I 10 17 M 1 R 000 15 L 1 ROIl 6 L 20 W 001 14 #­­BFD, Washington, DC. Located. Wanted notice pub in #51166 StPr, Raiford, Fla. Captured. Wanted notice pub September 1951. FBI#­3650309. in November 1955. FBI#­3255887.

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JESUS DEL RIO ESPINOSA, (W) ROBERT PAUL McGUFFIN, JR., with aliases. (W) 1 aU 3 60 1 Rt 16 Ref, 17 1 aAa 1 S 17 It 15 17 #7894 SO, Stockton, Calif. Cancelled. Wanted notice pub #5­13702 SO, Springfield, Mo. Cancelled. Wanted notice in September 1936. (now FBI#­363 821 B). pub in June 1956. FBI#­2720381.

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WILLIE DINGLE, with aliases. (N) EARNEST FARRELL MEALER, with aliases. (w) 10 M 23 W IIO 10 16 0 26 W 101 I 17 U OMI 13 L 22 U 001 #52803 StPen, Richmond, Va. In custody. Wanted notice #81537 PO, Birmingham, Ala. Cancelled. Wanted notice pub in April 1956. FBI#­952997. pub in April 1956. FBI#­652 678 B.

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BOBBY GENE EDWARDS, with aliases (w) MSM/SSS WOODROW MOORE, with aliases. (W) 21 L 1 U III 7 Ref, U 16 M 9 R OIM 22 M 1 RIll 17 T S 3 W 011 19 #30618 pO, Tulsa, Okla. Apprehended. Wanted notice pub #837 PO, Livonia, Mich. Cancelled. Wanted notice pub in in July 1956. FBI#­788 782 A. January 1956. FBI #­539568. ***** *****

2 CLARENCE BUD DORAN, with aliases: MSS LEONARD LEROY HALL, with aliases: W "Bud" Doran, Clarence B. Doran . MSS Leonard H. Hall, Leonard L. Hall, W #245 PO, Lincolnwood, Ill; W; born 10 S U III 11 Leonard Hill, Leonard Lee, Leonard M 31 WIll 20 5­27­33; 5'11"; 135 Ibs; sldr bId; S U III 8 Peterson, Leonard Roberts . I 28 W OIM 19 brn hair; bl eyes; It comp; occ - #14725­Lee FedRefor, Petersburg, Va; dish washer, lab. Wanted for LARCENY . W, born 7­22­01; 5'9"; 150 Ibs; med (Notify: PO, Lincolnwood, Ill) bId; It brn hair; bl eyes; fair rdy FBI#­286 199 C ­ AUG 1956 camp; occ ­ electrician. Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investigation for EMBEZZLEMENT OF INTERSTATE SHIPMENT. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­882576 ­ AUG 1956 It thumb

DAVID EAGLETON , with alias: 13 0 29 W IMO 17 HUGH LEE HARPER, with aliases: W George Brooks. I 25 U 000 18 Fred Paul Jackson, Paul Harper, VI #46086 StPr, Raiford, Fla; N; born Julia Smith, Julie Smith, Harsh I 32 W WI 18 4­12­30; 5'10"; 140 Ibs; sldr bId; Williams, William Worthy, F. L. o 32 IV OIl blk hair; dk brn eyes; dk brn camp; Wyatt, Frank Wyatt. oce - farmer. Rec'd StPr, Raiford, #7095 Floyd Co Pol, Rome, Ga; W; born Fla, 1­16­50 to serve 20 yrs for 3­1­15 (7); 5'6"; 135 Ibs; med bId; BRK and ENT. ESCAPED 5­18­56. brn hair; brn eyes; rdy camp; occ - (Notify: Pr Comm, Tallahassee, Fla) farming, heavy equipment operator, FBI#­4394305 ­ AUG 1956 lab. Wanted for BURG and ESCAPE 5­2­56. (Notify: SO, Rome, Ga) FBI#­1736536 ­ AUG 1956 It middle ­­ ­­ ­ MICHAEL A. ELLIS , with aliases: 7 S U 4 Ref : T­t JAMES THCl'AAS HARRIS, with aliases: MMM Michael Anthony Ellis, Jr., S Uat 4 U2a Willie Green, James Harris, Mw.l Michael A. E. Lewis, Jr., Michael James T. Harris, Jimmie Harris . 14 M 1 U 100 13 Ref: 2 Ellis Lewis, Jr., "Mike". #30304 PO, Rochester, NY; N; born S 1 U 000 11 1 #7922­4 PO, Pawtucket, RI; W; born 3­7­27; 6' 0"; 165 Ibs; med sldr 4­6­17 (7); 5' 5"; 140 Ibs; med stky bId; blk hair; dk brn eyes; dk bId; blk hair; brn eyes; dk camp; brn camp; occ ­ chauffeur, lab, occ ­ lab, pipe fitter. Wanted for moulder, porter. Wanted for GRAND LARCENY . GRAND LARCENY . (Notify: SO, Poughkeepsie, NY) (Notify: PO, Buffalo, NY) FBI#­1755074 ­ AUG 1956 FBI#­267 214 A ­ AUG 1956 rt middle ­ ­ ­­­ JAMES FALLER, with aliases: 16 1 R 000 17 Ref: 5 ROBERT LEROY HARRIS, with aliases: 10 0 25 W IIO 14 James Vincent Faller, James 17 rU 000 14 17 Robert Lee Chanlay, Howard Lee M 20 W OIl 14 Fallon, James Stevens Kennedy, Chanley, Robert Lee Harris. Joseph E. Matthews , James Edward Moran, #20807­SW FedRefor, El Reno, Okla; James E. Monroe, Claude Scott. W; born 5­15­30 (7); 6'1"; 165 Ibs; #41236 PO, Richmond, Va; W; born med sldr bId; med brn hair; bl gr 12­8­06 (7); 5'4"; 155 Ibs; sht stky eyes; rdy compo Wanted by Federal bId; gr brn hair; bl eyes; It rdy Bureau of Investigation as PAROLE comp; occ ­ chauffeur, entertainer. VIOLATOR . Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investiga- (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) tion for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF FBI#­393 961 B ­ AUG 1956 STOLEN PROPERTY. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) rt ring It index FBI#­631177 ­ AUG 1956 ­­­­­

JOHNNIE GAFFORD , with aliases: 17 0 9 U 010 8 ROBERT LEE HARRISON , with alias : 16 M 17 W 100 Johnnie Hazel Gafford, John M 17 U 000 16 Robert L. Harrison. M 5 U 000 14 Henry Gafford, Johnn Gafford, #84844 Sing Sing Pr, Ossining, NY; Johnny Gafford, Johny Goffard, W; born 7­21­96; 5'9"; 160 Ibs; med Johnie Gofford . stky bId; gr hair, bald; bl eyes; #5944 SO , Bay Minette, Ala; W; born fair camp; occ ­ salesman . Wanted 5­26­32 (7); 6' 0"; 155 Ibs; med sldr for GRAND LARCENY . bId; brn hair; bl eyes; fair rdy (Notify: PO , Richmond, Va) comp; occ ­ truck driver, paper mill FBI#­338328 ­ AUG 1956 worker . Wanted for BURG and ESCAPE 5­24­56. (Notify: SO, Bay Minette, Ala) FBI#­482 218 A ­ AUG 1956 rt ring rt middle

LOUIS DANIEL GEORGE, with aliases: MSS ROBERT B. HAYES , with aliases: 7 M 13 Ur 11M 14 Joe Jacobs Romans, Daniel L. S­S Robert Bob Hayes, B. Robert M 19 W 100 12 Dexter , Louis D. George, Bernard 7 S 1 U III 3 Hayes, Harvey Hayes, Roberrt C. McDermott, Frank G. Nellas. S 1 Rt I­I 5 B. Hayes, R. B. Hays, "Countrv". #6523 SO, Cedar Rapids, Iowa; W; H12G14~ ~~prt Huntsville, Texas; W; bOlu 3-:2- 11.J; jOts"; 155 Ibs; med born 2­7­10 (7); 5'10"; 170 Ibs; med stky bId; brn hair; brn eyes; med bId; dk brn hair; bl gr eyes; fair camp; occ ­ barber, kitchen worker. rdy camp; occ ­ truck driver. Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investi- Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investi- gation for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION gation for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF STOLEN PROPERTY . HAS SUICIDAL OF STOLEN PROPERTY . TENDENCI ES • (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­749086 ­ AUG 1956 It index FBI#­1467241 ­ AUG 1956 -

Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies. Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency. 3 MELVIN NEELY MORRISON, with aliases. (W) CHARLES HENRY SMITH, with aliases. (w) 8 1 Aa I 7 14 0 27 W 100 17 1 aAa I 9 L 19 W 010 18 1/11181 USPen , Terre Haute, Ind. Located. Wanted notice 1/87713 London Pr F, London , Ohio . Surrendered. Wanted pub in April 1956. FBII/­638 453 B. notice pub in May 1953 . FBII/­3870417. * * * * * * * * * • ROBERT MORRISOO, with aliases. (N) WILLIAM EDGAR SNYDER, with aliases . (w) 11 0 10 U oro 13 7 0 1 U 101 8 M 17 U III L 17 U 100 14 1/48262 StPr, Raleigh, NC. Recaptured. Wanted notice pub 1/9385 SO, Kansas City, Mo. Prosecution dismissed . in September 1953. FBII/­866466. Wanted notice pub in June 1955. FBII/­1288757. * * * * * * * * * * FRANK OLENIEC, with aliases. (w) LML/MML HOMER LEIllY STINNETT, with alias. (W) 13 0 5 R 000 23 20 M 25 W IIO 9 Ref. AMP I 17 U 000 21 L 1 U 010 11 I/B­201171 PO, New York, NY. Prosecution dismissed . 1/35990 PO , Knoxville, Tenn . Located . Wanted notice pub Wanted notice pub in April 1956, notice pub in August in July 1956 . FBII/­245 650 C. 1955 , same name , still active. FBII/­2484347. * * * * * ***** LOUIS JOHN OSSELBORN, with aliases . (W) W/Wwwc ROBERTO SUAREZ. (W) (Approx. Classification) o 32 W MOl 18 ML/LLL I 32 W IMM 13 I 21 W100 17 Ref . 5 1/32248 USMarshal, Pittsburgh, Pa. Located. Wanted I 17 U 000 15 17 notice pub in November 1952 . FBII/­676644 . I/­­PD, Highwood, Ill . Cancelled . Wanted notice pub in November 1955 . FBII/­22 097 C. * * * * * ***** LEONARD A. PERRY, JR., with aliases . (W) MSS/MSS LOUIS WILBUR TAYLOR , with aliases . (W) 18 M U III 6 16 M 9 U Ref. 2 L U III 4 M 5 Rt 12 5 1/83751 J StPr, Jackson, Mich. In custody. Wanted 1/47706 StPr, Raiford, Fla. Recaptured . Wanted notice notice pub in July 1956 . FBII/­364 165 B. pub in March 1956. FBII/­1672351. * * * * * ***** RAY JACK RURDOCK PRICE, with aliases. (W) EUGENE THOMAS . (N) 19 L 31 W 000 15 17 M 28 W IIM I 4 W 001 17 L 32 W MIl 1/8116 USMarshal, Utica , NY . Prosecution dismissed. 1/56346 StPr , Raleigh, NC . Recaptured . Wanted notice pub Wanted notice pub in March 1955 . FBII/­676747 . in November 1955 . FBII/­ 687 689 B. * * * * * ***** RICHARD RAY RAMEY, with aliases . (W) SILBERIO MARIN TORRES , with aliases . (W) 17 L 9 U 011 1 20 L 9 Ar 9 M 2 U III 10 MIT 16 1/44689 PO, Denver, Colo . Apprehended . Wanted notice pub 1/21089 SO , Salinas , Calif . Cancelled . Wanted notice pub in July 1956 . FBI 1/­2609459. in March 1949 . FBII/­ 2587716 . ***** * * * * * WILLIS RIFE, with aliases. (W) WILLIAM MITCHELL VAUGHN , with aliases . (W) 11S9T 7 16 0 22 W MOO 20 AMP M 2 It 6 I 19 W 100 1/1623 USMarshal, South Bend, Ind . Located . Wanted 1/58597 StPr, Raleigh, NC . Located . Wanted notice pub in notice pub in March 1956. FBII/­1458277 . December 1955. FBII/­2710235. * * * * * ***** LEO LIONEL ROUSSEAU, with aliases. (W) RICHARD WALLS . (N) W/W 17 0 12 U 000 M 32 W 100 16 L 30 U OIl o 32 W MOl 1/2444 PO, Lewiston, Me. Located. Wanted notice pub in 1/50165 StPr, Raiford, Fla . Recaptured . Wanted notice May 1956. FBI 1/­3042740. pub in April 1956 . FBII/­4642454 . ***** * * * * * LUCIEN GARRALD ROYAL, with aliases. (W) ML/LL LEMUEL WINFORD WATSON, with aliases. (N) 12 0 21 W 100 20 Ref: 31 11 0 26 W IMM I 19 W000 21 20 S 32 W 001 1/139849 Metropolitan PO, Washington, DC. Prosecution 1/75887 PO, Baltimore, Md. Apprehended. Wanted notice dismissed . Wanted notice pub in March 1955. FBI 1/- pub in April 1956. FBII/­76l 606 A. 5025822. * * * * * * * * * * PASQUALE SERCHIA, with aliases. (W) LEWIS WHITTAKER, with aliases . (W) 9 9 A 10 14 0 9 Rt 17 1 aRa 14 M 17 R 16 I/B­258065 PO, New York, NY. Cancelled. Wanted notice #5954~ StPen , Richmond, Va. Recaptured . Wanted notice pub in February 1952. FBII/­4993025. pub in September 1953. FBII/­130 799 A. ***** * * * * * 4 SHERBURNE A. HAYES, with aliases : MII.M EARL JOHNSON, with aliases: 10 0 5 Rt 0­1 6 Sherburne Alowander Hayes, Eddie A'J,u..~ William Earl Johnson, William Little . I 17 Rt 0­1 3 Edward Hayes, Scherburne Hayes, 22 M U 000 12 /166975 PO, Cincinnati, Ohio; W; born Shurburne Hayes, Sherburne Hays, L U 100 17 11­17­25 (7); 5' 9 1/2"; 150 lbs; med bId; Harold Albert King . blond hair; bl eyes, It eye glass; med /14137 US Marshal, Boston, Mass; W; rdy comp; occ ­ clerk, farmer, truck born 10­13­17 (7); 5'10"; 145 Ibs; med driver, welder. Wanted by Federal sldr b1d; It brn hair; bl eyes; fair Bureau of Investigation as OONDITIONAL comp; occ . lab. Wanted by Federal RELEASE VIOLATOR. MAY BE ARMED AND Bureau of Investigation for INTERSTATE DANGEIDUS. TRANSPORTATICl< OF STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI/I­126 731 A ­ AUG 1956 FBI/I­1127230 ­ AUG 1956 It middle It thumb

RICHARD RAYMOND HEINZ, with alias: 20 M 17 W 100 15 L. T. JOHNS(};. "'.loiS Richard Heinz. L 3 W 101 13 /116050 PO, Orlando , Fla; N; born SMM /l64889 PO, Milwaukee, Wis; W; born 8­3­34 (7); 5'7"; 139 Ibs; med bld; 12 M U 001 5 9­25­33 (7); 5'7"; 146 Ibs; med stky blk hair; mar eyes; occ ­ construction C 5 U 101 5 b1d; brn hair; bl eyes; It comp. lab. Wanted for GRAND LARCENY and Wanted by Federal Bureau of AUTO THEFT. A Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANSPOR- (Notify PO, Orlando, Fla) N TATICl< OF STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE. FBI/I­865 239 B ­ AUG 1956 C FBI/I­448 553 B ­ AUG 1956 E , L L E It middle o

NOEL WENDELL HOLT, with aliases: L ALFONSO JORDAN, with aliases: 8 0 17 W MlO 15 Noel Winford Alexander, Noel MM J. W. Homansky, Al Jordan, • M 19 W IIO 15 Alenander, Victor N. Alexander, 17 0 25 W 100 15 Alfonso J. Jordon, Frank Washington. Jack Clinton Carter, Jr. S 19 W 100 10 /110780 SO, West Palm Beach , Fla; N; /l67430­A PO, Long Beach, Calif; W; born 7­4­22; 5' 11"; 162 lbs; med bId; born 10­14­18 (7); 6' 0"; 158 1bs; med blk hair; dk brn eyes; dk brn comp; sldr bId; brn hair; haz eyes; rdy comp; occ ­ clerk, porter, shoemaker. Wanted occ ­ chef, mortician, roofer. Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investigation for by Federal Bureau of Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF STOLEN INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATICl< OF STOLEN PIDPERTY • MOTOR VEHICLE. ARMED AND CCl

WILLIE WESLEY HORACE, with aliases: aA3a FRANCIS BIDSTICK KENNEDY, with aliases: Cdwd Bo Horace, William Horace, Johnny aA3a Jack Bostwick, B. Francis Kennedy, Ddwd Mack, Nay C. Parrmore, Herbert Francis Lawrence Kennedy , Roy Kennedy, M 32 W I

JEIDME GILBERT HUTICl<, with 20 M 10 U 000 14 Ref : 2 FRANK J. LEE, with aliases: 12 rU III 8 aliases: Jerome Hutton, L 2 U 101 18 Frank Junior Lee, Frank U III 7 Jerome G. Hutton. Ward, Jr. /182999 PO, Cleveland, Ohio; W; born #"O~71 130, u~~~c~~:.ck, "U; ::; bo":'-'.II J-l~-JU; 5'10"; 158 lbs; med bId; 2­7­38 (?); 5 '7"; 147 lbs; med stky blond hair; bl eyes; It comp; occ - bId; blk hair; brn eyes; occ ­ clerk, press operator. Wanted for BURG stock boy. Wanted for BRK and ENT. and LARCENY. (Notify: SO, Hackensack, NJ) (Notify: SO, Cleveland, Ohio) FBI/I­l54 319 C ­ AUG 1956 FBI/I­145 598 C ­ AUG 1956

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Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies. Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency. 5 HERBERT WILLIAM WI~~RK, with aliases . (W) ROBERT MALDONADO YBARRA, with aliases. (Mex) SMM/MSM 23 L 17 W 15 17 L 1 U 110 15 L 3 Wr 13 M 1 U III 14 #1791 USMarshal, Denver, Colo . Located . Wanted notice #11671 SO , Lovington, NMex. Located. Wanted notice pub pub in March 1956. FBI#­351 841 A. in February 1956. FBI#­4073677. ***** ***** MIS SIN G PER SON CAN C ELL A T ION S JAMES CAMDEN BARR #FBI MP­19015 EDNA DELORIES HEATII #FBI MP­206B7 Published in July 1954 Bulletin. Located . Published in December 1955 Bulletin. Located . * * * * * * * * * * ALVIN EDGAR a:JURTE #FBI MP­IB717 MAY EVELYN CINTHA HEATII #FBI MP­206B8 Published in March 1954 Bulletin . Cancelled . Published in December 1955 Bulletin . Located. ***** ***** JAMES GOLDIE DAVIS, JR . #FBI MP­2015B HENRY EDWARD KING #FBI MP­18633 Published in August 1955 Bulletin. Cancelled. Published in March 1954 Bulletin. Located. ***** * * * * * GRACE EDITII GOLDEN #FBI MP­20260 PATRICIA ANN MAVEC #FBI MP­20441 Published in September 1955 Bulletin. Cancelled . Published in November 1955 Bulletin . Returned home . * * * * * ***** DIANE AGNES HANK #FBI MP­IB758 WALTER JAMES McDONALD #FBI MP­15961 Published in April 1954 Bulletin . Cancelled. Published in April 1952 Bulletin . Cancelled . ***** * * * * *

6 MARIO LOTTI, with alias : W LAWRENCE NEUMANN, with aliases : 23 L 9 R OIO 17 Mario Lottie . cW Lawrence Marcus Newman, Lawrence L 1 R ()()() 15 #310724 PO, New York, NY; W; born o 31 W ()()() 18 Marcus Neumann, Lawrence Marcus 3­6­32; 6'2"; 200 lbs; hvy bId; dk I 2B W OIl 21 Ne_ann . brn hair; bl gr eyes; dk comp; occ - #30577 StPr, Joliet, Ill; W; born lab. Wanted for ASSAULT and ROB . 10­8­27 (?); 6'0"; 170 lbs; med bId; (Notify : PO, New York, NY) brn hair; bl eyes; rdy comp; occ - FBI#­3l 238 B ­ AUG 1956 truck driver, lab . Wanted for MUR. (Notify: PO, Chicago, Ill) FBI#­47l5845 ­ AUG 1956

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GEORGE MATTIiEW LOVETT, with aliases: L EARL LEON NOEL, with aliases: 18 0 27 W IMI 22 Ref : 27 George Lovett, George M. Lovett, LL Earl L. Noel, Slim Noel . L 26 U 011 20 28 George Mathew Lovett, George 16 M 25 W 100 20 Ref: 25 #4453 SO, Auburn, Calif; W; born Lovette . M 3 W ()()() 18 4 5­30­13; 6'2 1/2"; 165 lbs; sldr bId; #1449 SO, Corvallis, Ore; W; brn hair; bl eyes; med fair comp; born 2­22­21 (?); 6'5": l80lbs; occ ­ carpenter. Wanted by Federal med sldr bId; reddish brn hair; bl Bureau of Investigation for UNLAWFUL eyes; fair rdy comp; occ ­ carpenter's FLIGHT TO AVOID PROSECUTION (Rape). helper. Wanted by Federal Bureau of (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANSPOR- FBI#­2228535 ­ AUG 1956 TATION OF STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­1336995 ­ AUG 1956 rt ring rt middle

WALTER MILLER. 13 0 11 R OOM 16 ALBERT AUGUST OSTERBERG, with 23 L R ()()() 9 M 18 R OMI 13 alias : Albert A. Osterberg. L T 00 11 #51028 PO, Indianapolis , Ind; N; #22018 SO, Napa, Calif; W; born born 6­19­24 (?); 5' 5 1/2"; 145 lbs; 11­11­20 (?); 5'6"; 150 lbs; stky stky bId; blk hair; mar eyes; occ - bId; brn hair; haz eyes; med comp o barber , porter. Wanted by Federal Wanted for GRAND LARCENY. Bureau of Investigation for UNLAWFUL (Notify: PO, Berkeley, Calif) FLIGHT TO AVOID PROSECUTION (Robbery) . FBI#­2lll782 ­ AUG 1956 (Notlfy nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­2359660 ­ AUG 1956

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EDDIE LEE MITCHELL , with aliases : 7 SIT II 4 Ref : A THOMAS MACK PANNELL , with alias: 6 S R OIl 7 Eddie Mitchell, Eddie L. Mitchell . SlTt 15 R Thomas M. Pannell. S U 101 9 1/45764 PO , Columbia , SCI N; born #67217 PO , Pittsburgh , Pal N; born 11­27­28 (?); 5'8 1/2" ; 155 l bs; med 3­16­24; 5' 9"; 190 lbs; hvy bld; stky bId; blk hair; brn eyes; dk brn blk hair; brn eyes; dk comp; occ - comp; occ ­ lab . Wanted by Federal bartender . Wanted for MUR . Bureau of Investigation for ILLEGAL (Notify: PO , Pittsburgh, Pal WEARING OF UNIFORM . FBI#­183 009 A ­ AUG 1956 (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­7l3 867 B ­ AUG 1956

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JOHN JOSEPH MORIN , with aliases : 23 L 5 U 001 16 RAYMOND KENNETH PARKER, with 4 aA3a Ref : aT2at John 8ill Morin , William Kelly , I 1 R III 13 aliases : Frank Clark , Raymond aAa­a tAa­a J . B. Marin , John Shaffer, John J. Parker, Joe Rechison , Joe Rechson, Smith , William Warren . J . Reichison , Joe Richardson . #13746 SO, Sinton , Tex; W; born #61868 PO, Sacramento, Calif; W; born 2­3­02 (?); 5 ' 5"; 145 lbs; stky bId; 4­16­98; 5' 8" ; 160 lbs; med stky bId; brn gr hair; gr eyes ; dk comp; occ - brn hair; bl eyes; It rdy comp; occ - mechanic , fireman , seaman. Wanted by common lab, lineman , mech . Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investigation for Federal Bureau of Investigation as UNLAWFUL FLIGHT TO AVOID PROSECUTION CXlNDITIONAL RELEASE VIOLATOR . (Burglary) . ARMED AND rnNSIDERED (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) DANGEROUS. FBI#­29907 ­ AUG 1956 (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) rt ring It ring FBI#­396l2 ­ AUG 1956 ­­­­­

ROOSEVELT NETTLES . 3 aU­2t Ref . aT­t MILLARD GBJRGE REESE , with aliases : dW aU 2 aT­2t Floyd George Barkyer, Robert Carr, dW 1/64301 StBd of Carr , Montgomery , Albert Cae, Thomas George Fuller, 16 0 29 W 100 19 Ala; N; born 12­26­21; 5 ' 11 1/2"; George A. Groom, Henry H. Troutman, I 20 W lOI 16 180 lbs; med bId; blk hair: brn eves: C~o!'g:" t"':""vd~. it brn camp; occ ­ farmer . Rec ' d StBd #5773 USMarshal , Scranton, Pa l W; of Corr, Montgomery , Ala , 12­29­53 to born 4­20­15 (?); 5' 10" ; 200 lbs; hvy serve life for MUR . ESCAPED 6­1­56. bId; brn hair; bl eyes; fair comp; (Notify: St Bd of Carr, Montgomery , occ ­ truck driver, farmer . Wanted FBI#­259 432 C ­ AUG 1956 by Federal Bureau of Investigation as PROBATION VIOLATOR . (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) rt middle FBI#­1757069 ­ AUG 1956

Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies . Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency . 7 KENNETH LEE RHYNDRESS, with aliases : SS GEORGE H. SWEAZEY, with aliases: 17 L9ROOM 8 scotty Larry La Da le, Kenneth SS George Harry Sweazey, George AI 4 W MOl 11 Lee Dawson, Kenneth Lee Lawson, 20 L 1 T II 6 Ref: U Sweazey . Stanley Vonkrog . S 1 T II 5 U #48597 StPr, Raiford, Fla; W; born #4121 PD, Carson City, Nev; W; born 8­21­07; 5'7"; 205 Ibs; hvy bld; brn 12­28­14 (7); 5'7"; 141 Ibs; med bld; hair; bl eyes; fair rdy camp; occ - brn hair; bl eyes; fair camp; occ - clerical worker . Wanted for GRAND cook, farm lab, mechanic . Wanted by LARCENY • Federal Bureau of Investigation for (Notify: SO, Fort Myers, Fla) UNLAWFUL FLIGIT TO AVOID PfllSECUTION F3I#­4777827 ­ AUG 1956 (Robbery) • AR'l.ED AND DANGEfllUS . (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) FBI#­612345 ­ AUG 1956 rt ring rt index rocK SANDERS, JR ., with alias: 17 L 19 W 100 14 WILSFORD IDSS TAYLOR , with 20 13 R 010 18 Dock Hagan . M 1 U (»I() 18 aliases: Wilson Ross Taylor, Ned 17 R 100 13 #47874 PD, Columbia , SC; N; born S. Bush, Floyd McGowan, H. E. Graves, 5­5­33 or 3­29­32; 5'11"; 190 Ibs; O. R. Merideth, O. V. Waldrop. hvy bld; blk hair; brn eyes; It brn #47237 StPr, Raiford, Fla; W; born camp; occ ­ used­car­lot handy man. 8­10­01 (7); 5'11"; 145 lbs; med sldr Wanted for HSEBRK and GRAND LARCENY. bId; It gr brn hair, bald; bl eyes; rdy (Notify: PD, Columbia, SC) camp; occ ­ electrician, telegraph FBI#­58 350 C ­ AUG 1956 operator, mach . Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) It ring F8I#­B2475 ­ AUG 1956 It middle

HERBERT WILLIAM SCHLIEF, with 5 25 aW 110 18 Ref : 9 BEN TURK, with aliases: 30 L 19 W 100 17 aliases: Herbert W. Schlief, 1 aU 100 15 1 Ben Bradley Tidewell, Benjamin L 3 W 100 19 Herbert Schlief. Bradly Tidewell, Turk Tidewell, #244 PD, Lincolnwood, Ill; W; born Ben B. Tidwell, Benjamin Tidwell. 2­24­25; 5'7 1/2"; 157 Ibs; stky #55406 StPr, Raiford, Fla; W; born bId; brn hair; bl eyes; med camp; 7­31­30 (7); 5'10"; 200 lbs; hvy bId; occ ­ cook . Wanted for LARCENY. brn hair; haz eyes; med fair comp; (Notify: PD, Lincolnwood, Ill) occ ­ 9unsmith, lab, salesman . Rec'd FBI#­4615139 ­ AUG 1956 StPr, Raiford, Fla, 7­19­55 to serve 10 yrs for IDB. ESCAPED 5­29­56. (Notify: Pr Comm, Tallahassee, Fla) FBI#­3 278 A ­ AUG 1956 rt ring rt ring

FRED SHERMAN . 23 L 25 W liMO THOMAS TURNER, with aliases: !).1M L 16 W 101 15 Thomas Woodrow Turner, Tom [}.1M #54253 SO, Tampa, Fla; N; born Breehn, Tom Maynard, Allen 14 0 1 U 000 15 12­13­27; 5'8"; 149 Ibs; med bId; Elbert Owens, Ardle Lathen Parrish. L 17 U 000 14 blk hair; brn eyes; dk comp; occ - #54931 StPr, Jackson, Mich; W; born C truck driver. Wanted for RAPE. 1­16­20 (7); 5'7"; 165 Ibs; stky bld; A (Notify: PD, Tampa, Fla) dk brn hair; bl eyes; med camp; occ - N FBI#­188 760 A ­ AUG 1956 lab. Rec'd StPr, Jackson, Mich, C 2­5­43 to serve 10­20 yrs for E ARMED IDB. ESCAPED 5­12­56. L (Notify: StPr, Jackson, Mich) L rt middle FBI #­4278289 ­ AUG 1956 E It ring D

BOB SMITH. 12 M T 10 12 Ref: R HARRY VANN, with aliases: 14 14 U 001 AMP M T II 14 A Harry Markins Vann, John 22 U 001 #554092 SO, Fort Lauderdale, Fla; N; Fortworth. born 5­22­14; 6'2"; 180 lbs; med bId; #·10680 PD, Reno, Nev; W; born blk hair; brn eyes; dk brn camp; occ - 3­19­16 (7); 5'10"; 160 Ibs; meQ lab. Wanted for ARMED ROB and RAPE. bId; blond hair; bl eyes; fair (Notify: SO, Fort Lauderdale, Fla) camp; rt arm amp at shoulder; occ - FBI#­265 125 C ­ AUG 1956 lab. Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANS- PORTATION OF STOLEN PROPERTY. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) It thumb F9I#­B06146 ­ AUG 1956 It index

HERBERT NEIL STRAUSE, with aliases: 17LlRooolO LARRY WALLS, with aliases: 13 0 25 W 100 12 Ref: 27 Herbert Allison, Herbert Nail Emmer, M 2 R 001 13 Larry Cleo Walls, L. C. Wall, L 17 R 000 12 17 Herbert Royce, Herbert Stapp, Herbert L. C. Walls. Straus, Herbert Neal Strause, Herbert #56972 StPr, Raiford, Fla; N; born Niel Strause, Herbert Strousp. 11 .'In.. .,.,: t.t~"; 1"" 11.,,:;; -'=~ ulJ , #14623 SO, Orlando, Fla; W; born blk hair; dk brn eyes; dk brn comp; 9­1­13; 5' 5"; 106 Ibs; sm bld; reddish occ - construction worker, farmer, lab . brn hair, part bald; brn eyes; rdy comp; Rec'd StPr, Raiford, Fla, 3­16­56 to occ ­ hospital orderly, truck driver. serve 20 yrs for ARMED ROB. ESCAPED Wanted for GRAND LARCENY . 6­4­56. (Notify: SO, Orlando, Fla) (Notify: Pr Comm, Tallahassee, Fla) FBI#­1389767 ­ AUG 1956 FBI#­440 870 A ­ AUG 1956 It index It index

Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies. Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency. 8 JACK WATSON, with aliases: 3 0 5 U lIO 14 MORRIS WILLIAMS. 10 1 tR OIl 10 Jack Stanford Watson , Bob I 17 R no 9 1 aU III 8 Martin, Jack S. Watson . #13866 PO, Evansville , Ind; N; born #B 205925 Po, New York, NY; W; born 11­16­30; 6'2"; 160 Ibs; sldr bid; B­5­12; 5'11"; 190 Ibs; hvy bid; brn blk hair; mar eyes; dk brn comp; hair; gr eyes; fair compo occ _ occ ­ lab, singer. Wanted for BURG. building superintendent. Wanted for (Notify: PO , Evansville , Ind) GRAND lARCENY . FBI#­597 659 A ­ AUG 1956 (Notify: PO, New York, NY) FBI#­2604357 ­ AUG 1956

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KENNElH D. 'MiITNEY, with aliases : MLM ClARENCE ANDREW WRIGlT, wi th aliase s : l.MM Gerald Hanson , Jr., Gerald Johnson, MMS Andrew Clarence Wright, Clarence l.MM James Frank Moore, Dale K. Whiting, 22 L 1 U 001 10 Andrews, Clarence Wright , "Pete" . 16 S 1 U 000 12 Kenneth Whitney , Kenneth Daly Whitney . S 1 U 001 5 #73854 PO, Atlanta, Ga; N; born #87304J StPr, Jackson, Mich; W; born 5­19­31 (?); 5 ' 10"; 155 Ibs; med bid; 9­30­19 (?); 6' 0"; 175 Ibs; med bid; blk hair; mar eyes; dk brn cornp; occ - gr hair; brn eyes; med rdy comp; occ - shoe shine boy . Wanted for BURG . baker, cook . Rec'd StPr , Jackson, (Notify: PO, Atlanta, Ga) Mich, 8­31­54 to serve 5­15 yrs for F8I#­106 439 B ­ AUG 1956 BRK and ENT . ESCAPED 5­27­56. (Notify: St Refor, Ionia, Mich) F8I#­1615095 ­ AUG 1956

RICHARD ELLIS WIL8URN, with 18 II. 1 R 100 9 Ref : T JAMES R08ERT YOUNG , with aliases: 20 L 25 W I~A 15 aliases: Charles Bowell, Richard L 1 U 110 9 U Robert Buchannan Young , Jim II. 3 VI 000 14 L. Grayson, Robt . Jackson, Albert Lott, Albert Lyons , Robert Newman , George Wiles West, Richard Morrison, Claude Sandus, Edward Williams . C. 1. young . #61648 StPen , Leavenworth , Kans; W; #'16 SO , Vicksburg, Miss; IV; born born 8­14­96 (?); 5'10" ; 135 Ibs; sldr 1­23­91 (?); 5 ' 7"; 135 Ibs; med bid; bid; brn gr hair; bl eyes; rdy comp; blk hair; brn eyes; med cornp; occ - oce - engineer, mech, salesman, shoe cook , mech . Wanted by Federal 8ureau fitter, structural steel worker . of Investigation for INTERSTATE TRANS- Wanted by Federal Bureau of Investi- PORTATION OF STOLEN MOTOR VEHICLE. gation as CONDITIONAL RELEASE VIOlATOR. (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) (Notify nearest Bureau Field Division) It index FBI#­19921 ­ AUG 1956 It index FBI#­49846 ­ AUG 1956

EDWARD JAMES WILLI~~S , with alias : 6 II. 5 Ut 11 CM~ES C. ZUROVAC , with aliases : 24 0 27 W 101 12 Jerome Williams . I 17 U 9 Harvey A. Marley , Chas C. L 27 W 11.10 12 #117799 PO, Detroit, Mich; N; born Zurobec, Charles Zurovac , 12­2­32; 6'0"; 157 Ibs; med sldr Charles Zurovec , Charles Carl bid; blk hair; brn eyes; med comp o Zurovec , Charles Serial Zurovic. Wanted for BRK and ENT. #15688 PO, San Antonio , Tex; W; born (Notify : PO, Fort Lauderdale, Fla) 4­18­32; 5' 10"; 160 Ibs; med bid; FBI#­950 125 B ­ AUG 1956 brn hair; brn eyes ; rdy comp o Wanted for 8URG and lARCENY. (Notify : SO, San Antonio , Tex) FBI#­4807197 ­ AUG 1956 It index rt ring

F E /.I ALE S

MARIE JOHNSON , with aliases: 6 1 aAa 14 Ref : aAa ELLEN MORRIS . 24 L 3 U­r 2 Ref : 1 Marie Anderson, Gladys Evans, 1 aAat 11 aT2a L 2 R 8 2 Alice Gordon , Alice Frances #0­36972 PO, Chicago , Ill; W; born Martin, Frances Stewart, Kathleen in 1924 (?); 5' 3 1/2"; 119 Ibs; med Wade , Carrie Walsh, Kitty Ward. bid; brn hair; haz eyes; med compo #2792 PO, Michigan City, Ind; N; Wanted for ATT ROB . born 9­2­16 (?); 5' 4"; 135 Ibs; med (Notify: PO , Chicago , Ill) stky bid; blk hair; brn eyes; dk FBI#­4421427 ­ AUG 1956 brn comp; occ ­ hotel maid, house- wife, seamstress , waitress. Wanted for GRAND lARCENY. (Notify: PO, Gary, Ind) FBI#­2780740 ­ AUG 1956 rt index rt middle

MAXINE LOIS SCHIEMAN , with aliases : 28 L 5 U 000 13 Lois Walker, Georgia Walker. I 2 U COlli #324307 PO , Los ~geles, Calif; W; born 2­26­ 24 (?): 5' 2": 11"> lh.; med bid; brn hair; brn eyes; fair comp . Wanted for GRAND LARCENY. (Notify: PO, Los Angeles, Calif) FBI#­124 513 C ­ AUG 1956

rt index

Wanted notices are published at the request of law enforcement agencies . Verifi- cation of the status of process should be made directly with the wanting agency . 9 MISSING PERSONS SYlV I A MARl! NE BA ILEY White; 16 yrs, born October 8, 1939, at Independence, Missouri; 5'4"; 98 lbs; slender build; reddish brown hair; brown eyes; dark complexion; occupation ­ clerk in drug store; Social Security 11 490-42-4318. Rela- tives: Mr. and Mrs. Fred A. Bailey (father and step- mother), 3029 Wayne, Kansas City, Missouri. MISSING: Since June 20, 1956, from Kansas City, Missouri. NOTIFY: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, U. S. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C.

1I FB I MP­21520 ­ AUG 1956

HAROLD WAYNE BEASON White; 16 yrs, born September 18, 1939, at Donaldson, Arkansas; 5'11"; 127 lbs; slender build; brown or dark blond hair; grey eyes; faircomplexion, freckles across nose; appendectomy scar; vertical scar from nose to upper I ip; occupation ­ farming. Relatives: Mr. and Mrs. Henry Beason (parents), Route I, Donaldson, Arkansas. MISSING: Since February 5, 1955, from home. May have gone to Texarkana, Arkansas. NOTIFY: Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, t U. S. Department of Justice, Washington, D. C. ,J I

1I FB I MP­21525 ­ AUG 1956

10 llIniteb itates ilepartment of JUJltire 1Reberal iSureau of Inuestigatinn .agllington 25, iD. Qt.

August 1, 1956

TO ALL LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS:

The rash of violence against police officers in recent months-• not only by inveterate gunmen but also by less notorious types of hoodlums-• must surely be a matter of grave concern to law enforcement. Unfortunately, many police agencies have failed to provide for continuous and well-planned programs to assure the physical fitness of their officers. This is a serious c ondition--a detriment to maximum police efficiency. Now, as never before, the arduous assignments and urgent obligations of law enforcement demand sound bodies and alert minds.

Lowering the physical requirements for applicants is a near• sighted and dangerous recruitment practice. Intensive consideration for the physical training of new employees is one essential part of a well- organized police program. The veteran as well as the recruit must be provided ample opportunity to maintain good physical condition and encouraged in this pursuit. Physical fitness in law enforcement means primarily self-discipline: the individual officer being interested in his own personal health. Worthwhile results of such programs come from continuous and not sporadic attention-• from year-long not seasonal activity.

Like the well-trained soldier on the battlefield, the police officer--the sentinel of safety in the community--must be always ready and able to meet each challenge. Keen vision, sturdy limbs and unfailing stamina are as vital to the performance of police duty as excellent training, proper equipment and good leadership. The physically unfit policeman is no match for the desperate and cunning criminal. The officer at horne on sick leave cannot take his part in the fight against crime.

At this time, local and national civic leaders are joined in a public endeavor to carry out the objectives of President Eisenhower's Con• ference on Fitness of American Youth, held at Annapolis, Maryland, on June 18-19. Surely, law enforcement must set a good example by keeping its physical standards high. The security of American communities rests in the hands of police officers. The responsibilities of the prOfpA 8iQ!l are to::; great tu allow failure. We must keep physically fit. Very truly yours, ~. ~~'* John~gar Hoover Director Fiftu-seventh Class FBI Graduates Frof..FBI NATIONAE ACADEMY ~ Nation.' Academy

In the Departmental Auditorium in Washington, Special Agents in the FBI, 4,039 are veterans of D. C., on Friday, June 8, 1956, graduation exer• the Armed Services. cises were held for the 57th . session of the FBI Mr. Wagner's address in its entirety follows: National Academy. The unusually large class of I 11111 ven' happy to be here. I consider it a prh'ilege 98 represented law enforcement offices in 38 States, and an honor for myself, and for the American Legion, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and Can• to be inyited to speak to this di~tingnishe(l class of grad• ada. These men bring the total number of gradu• uates of the flft~'-seyenth session of the FB[ Academy. ates to 3,163 and the primary purpose of the school The opportunity extended me to ~peak to rou is a tangi• ble eyidence of the continuing friendly a~sociation and continues to be that of training law enforcement the cooperation between the American Legion and the officers from State and local areas to serve as police FBI. We are proud of this aSSOCiation, and of the lDan~' instructors and administrators. years it has prHailed. 'Ve look forward to its continu• After the addresses and a program of music by ance, and we hope that it will grow eyen stronger in the the United States Marine Band, Attorney General years to cOllie. This graduation is another milestone in a wonderful Herbert Brownell, Jr., and FBI Director J. Edgar program which began almost 21 years ago-in July 1935. Hoover presented diplomas to the graduates. Rince then, 3,163 law enforcement officers including the 1)8 from this class, haye graduated from the Academy. Addresses They represent e\'ery State, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, Canada, and many foreign countries. What Deputy Inspector Theodore D. Mitchell of the a great contribution, indeed·, this Academy has made to the honorable profession which all of you rl"present. Philadelphia, Pa., Police Department, class presi• Eyery graduate-each of you here-exemplifles the dent, expressed the appreciation of all the class progress which has been made in the field of law enforce• members for having been granted the opportunity ment. Today the police officer is llIuch more than a person of fUl'thering their training through the facilities who apprehends criminals. He is also looked upon as an of the FBI National Academy. He concluded his honored citizen, a skilled technician, and quite often, a ciyic leader. talk by citing the story of the "iron bar." He But before all else, the law enforcement officer is a stated: "A plain iron bar may be worth about $5. highly trained professional in a specialized field. The This same iron when made into horseshoes is worth social de\'elopment of our people has made it clear that $10.50. If made into needles it is worth $3,285 the problem of dealing with the criminal is essentially the and if fashioned into fine balance springs ror fine problem of dealing with the maladjusted citizen. And as In the case of medical science, which more and more seeks watches, it becomes worth $250,000! Much the to cure disease by pre"enting it, those responsible for law same is true or law enforcement agencies; their enforcement have come to realize that the 1lI0st effective value is determined by ,,,hat they make of them• way to reduce the number of criminals is to find out why selves !" people break the law, and then to deter them from doing so. The principal addresses were delivered by the The focal point of this thinking, of course, has been the Honorable .T. Addington Wagner, National Com• youth of the Nation. AmI, certninly, one of the great mander, the American Legion, and the Honorable pioneers ill the study and the alle\'intion of the problem George Meany, President, the American Federa• of jU\'enile delinquency has been the (listingub;hed Direr• tion of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organi• tor of the Federal Bureau of In\'estigation, ~Ir. J. Edgar zations. The invocation and benediction were Hoo\,el·. I belie\'e it is a demonstrable fact that Mr. given by Dr. Edward L. R. Elson of the National Hoo\'er has done lIIore than any other single lJel'son in the Presbyterian Church of IYashington, D. C. United States to make the AlIIl"rican people aware of the many aspects of the problelll of jllYenile delinquency, and As a tribute to Commander "ragner, Director to urge that something posith'e be done about them. For Hoover asked the members of the FBI American his unremitting efforts in this field alone, the Nation owes Legion Post to stand. He stated that of 6,228 him a very great debt of gratitude.

2 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN The American Legion shares the interest of aU other I mention these thing because I want each One of you good citizens in seeing thi problem relieved. We have to know that the American Legion Post back home is devoted a substantial part of our own activities to the your ally in the cause of maintaining public order. promotion of juvenile opportunity. That i why we main• You know the Yery existence of the FBI Academy is an tain our vast junior baseball prog-ram ; our Boys and Girls excellent example of the difference between the idea of a State programs; our oratorical and es ay conte ts. These policeman in the mind of a free American citizen and American Legion programs afford he~lthful recreation, in the mind of a eitizen slave of the communi t tyranny. a well as sound training in good sportsmanship and In this countr·y, the policeman is the guardian of the good citizenship fot· more than a million young meu and rights and of the personal safety of the indiVidual citizen. women this year. In addition we are yery active in In the communi t world, the policeman is the guardian Scout work. At present American Legion posts sponsor of the right of the state, and his principal duty is to more than 4,000 Boy Scout troops. And also, of cour e, watch the citizen and compel him to conform to the will there is our child welfare program, which has spent more of the tate. than 123 millions of dollar in direct aid to needy Children These two concept are accumte refiections of two since 1925. philosophie so basically different that there can be no Our work in the fields of youth actiYity and child bridge between them. America i a society of individuals. welfare derh·es from our deep interest in the security of The state has been organized to serye their common America. We know that the national ecurity depends needs. Law enforcement is one arm of the state-pt·ovid• to a great extent upon the ph~ · sical and mental vigor, the ing a necessary and limited sen·ice. moral strength and the octal well-being of America's Communism is a oCiety of the mass, organized to serve youth. the state. Under communism, law enforcement is absolute

Pictured abOtJe are, left to right: Hon. J. Addington Wagner, National Commander, the American Legion; Deputy Inspector Theodore D. Mitchell, Philadelphia, Pa., Police Department; Hon. George Meany, President, American Federation of Labor and Congreu of Industrial Organizations ; Hon. Herbert Brownell, Jr., the Attorney General, U. S. Department of Justice ; Dr. Edward L. R. Elson, Pastor, the National Pre.byterian Church; and FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover following the graduation exercise. of the 57th senion of the FBI National Academy at Washington, D. C., on June 8, 1956.

AUGUST 1956 3 and repressive. It is that al'm of the state which is And in addition to aU of these things, the communist designated to see that each citizen renders the required re\'olutionaries in ('hina ha\'e launched what is generally service to the stat~r else. recognized as the greatest blood bath in the history of Thank God, in America we have no police state. Here the human race. Hitler, and Stalin himself, in their we do not even have a Federal police force. The FBI, bloodiest purges did not approach the wholesale human for example, is an investigative agency. The maintenance destruction whieh 1\1ao Tse-tung and his henchmen have of law and order Is the responsibility of the community. carried on since 1!>48. The local police are recruited from among the citizens This Is the regime which some Americans propose to of the community, and they are answerable for the per• do business with. With all of the seriousness at m~' formance of their duty, not to a central government, but command, and in the name of the entire American Legion, to their fellow citizens. In this system is one of the I pray and hope that the proposal will fail. greatest strengths of Individual freedom and of the If the other nations of the world are so de\'oid of moral preservation of our democracy. responsibility that they would admit the Chinese com• 'l'he necessity of keeping in mind this and other essen• munists to the United Nations-then that body is no tial differences between the cOlllmunist philosophy and place for the United States of America. that of the free world is becoming more difficult in the Both of the major political parties will hold their face of the current changes in communist tactics. The conventions during this summer. The American Legion important thing to remember, of course, is that although calls upon each of them, and the candidates for office there is presently evident a marked change in communist whom they will select, to make clear whether they will procedures and methods, both within and without the actively oppose the admission of Red China to the UN, borders of the communist empire, there has been no re• and the granting of diplomatic recognition to Red China pudiation of the basic prinCiples of communist doctrine. by the United States. This doctrine still professes the ascendancy of the state The American people are entitled to an unequivocal over the individual, the coming of the world triumph of declaration on this subject. communism and the justification of the use of any means I have spoken to you on some matters which go beyond to achieve this goal. According to their own words these tbe scope of your immediate interest and duty. However, things are still belie\'ed by the leaders of communism both it is natural to think of such issues here, in the seat of ill Soviet Russia and in other communist lands-including OUI' national government and in the company of those Red China. who are dedicated to American ideals of justice and And whereas Khrushchev and Bulganin appear to have liberty. Acknowledging that all of )'OU are primaril~' adopted the expedient of enclosing the mailed fist in the interested in law enforcement, it is well to remember that velvet glove, Mao Tse-tung and his comrades have as yet tbe enforcement of international law and morals is an seen no necessity to do the same thing. In Red China, obligation which devolves, at least to some extent, upon communism continues to display the naked tyranny and the shoulders of each American. This is so because we are the overwhelming oppression that is a true reflection of fl'ee Citizens, and we have the pr!\'ilege and the responsi• what it actually is, and what it stands for. bility of sbaring in every decision of our government. It is certain that communism has not changed and as Only to the extent that we do so shall we continue to long as this condition remains there cannot possibly be be free. any common ground on which the two worlds-slave and free--ean meet. For the United States to accept Red Solemn Obligation China into the family of nations would be to betray the memory of thousands of American soldiers who died in All of you are charged with the solemn obligation of Korea to emphasize the essential differell~e between our working for America in a very special way, in keeping world and theirs. with the traditions of the profession of which you are In this election year, I believe the issue of any such members. acceptance must be faced. To understand why, it should With the help of the knowledge you have gained at be sufficient to review the record of our experience with the FBI Academy, I am sure that you will fully meet the the Red Chinese regime. measure of your obligation. AmI I am sure, too, that It is a fact that Red China, without PI'OYOcation, joined by virtue of what you have learned here, you will be in the hostilities against the Republic of Korea and the able to help your fellow officers in the agencies which you "United Nations troops which were defending that country. represent, to increase their effectiveness-to the end that It is a fact that the Red Chinese tortured and mis• American citizens can live safely in their homes, and treated American prisoners of war. The Red Chinese walk safely on their streets-secuI'e in the knowledge gO\'ernment impri. oned American soldiers on trumped-up that they are guarded by vigilant men and women, dedi• charges and some of these American citizens are still un• cated and trained in the American tradition of equal accounted for. justice under law for all men. Red China has violated the terms of the Korean Armi• In your endeavors you have the warm support and stice Agreement. encouragement of The American Legion. The Red regime has imprisoned and murdered American We honor you for your willingness .to serve in the public and other missionaries. interest. 'Ve admire your work-and especially your Red China poses a constant threat of renewed warfare deSire to do your wOI'k even better, which is manifest in in Korea and in the Formo a trait, requiring us to keep your attendance at the FBI Academy. We pledge yOll substantial forces of our own on the scene. the continuing cooperation of American Legionnaires.

4 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN The full text of Mr. Meany's address follows: power they actually achieye or exercise. They never dilIer, however, in the degree of total power they would I sincerely appreciate the honor and I welcome the op• like to wield over all of the people. portunity of addressing you today. We are living at a In \'arying degrees, these sworn enemies of all our demo• time when the protection of American institutions is cratic institutions po e as militant radicals. They use largely synonymous with the defen e and ,-ery survi.al high-sounding phrases to hide their objectives. But none of human freedom e.erywhere. The graduation exercises of them i actually progress\\'e or I'eally radical. One may of a select group of men who are to bear such important be a reactionary without being totalitarian. But no one responsibilities in the protection of our American insti• can be totalitarian without being reactionary. There is tutions are, therefore, most unique and most meaningful. nothing as retrogressive, liS ultra-reaCtionary, a the to• It is now 15 years since a president of the American talitarian party organization-Qr front-whether it be of Federation of Labor was honored with an invitation to the red, brown, black or yellow hue. address your commencement E'xerci es. During the time And the communist brand of dicl:l.ltorship is-in many that has elapsed since my distinguished predecessor, the respects-the most subtle, sinister and dangerous enemy late William Green, addres ed your institute, many pro• of our freedom. It dt'magogically poses as a high form of found changes have taken place in the lives of whole na• dE'mocrac~'. It poses a, a political movement, though it tions-yes, in the lives of each and everyone of us, too. is anything but a political lJarty in our normal demo• Much history has been made during these years. Some• eratic sense. Ftll·thermore, it operates as a worldwide times I think too much history has been made. Humanity conspirncy, as a fifth column, in every free country-with if would be far better oII today, it had been spared some its head and its heart in ~loscow. of this recent history. The only patriotisJl'\ the communist knows is loyalty to It is not my purpose to talk about waters which have the clique or despot who happens to be at the helm of the flowed over the social, economic and political dams of dictatorship at any particular moment. That is why we yesterday. Nothing would be more futile. I will instead of American labor ha,-e always aid there are no Amer• try to deal with some of the most pressing problems which i('an communists-there are only communists in America. you of the American law-enforcing world and we, of the '1'hese subversives nre fanati('al belieyel'S in the doctrine labor world, face in common. We face them as citizens thnt their end-Soviet world domination-justifies any of a great democracy. We face them as patriotic members and eYE'ry llIE'ans that they care to URI'. of a free nation on whom there now rests the primary In view of the illusions some people who specialize responsibility for preserving and prote('ting freedom while ill wishful thinking now have about the Soviet orbit promoting peace. Illoving ill the direction of democracy, it is most urgent What a task! And what an E'nemy we face! I do not that we take a sober and renlistic look at the communist believe ill mincing words. It makes just as little sense-• "lIew look" and "big smile" teehniques. You neE'

AUGUST 1956 5 age---control of the trade unions by communists would free to visit each other and exchange opinions and have enahle the agents of a hostile foreign power to subvert freedom of communication with each other will It be our economic life, impose industrial paralysis on the land possible for Russians or Americans to correspond and and establish a firm foundation fOI' ovet·throwlng our ("ommunicate freely with each other and really get to know democratk govemment and replacing It with a dictator• one another. That applies to cabinet members and mili• ship over all of our people-including the workers. This tary experts 110 less than to union officials. Is exactly what happened 9 year ago in Czechoslovakia. "\Ve have l'efll~ed and will continue to refuse to lend In our own country anti in every other land outside the respectalJilit~' or provide democratic frlendRhip and ap• Iron curtain, the comlllunil'lt party and its network of proval to any regime whit'h has destroyed democracy front outfits are a dangerous military installation of a at hOllle and Is dedicllted to the destruction of democracy hostile foreign powet·. Here we have a subyerslve con• abroad. We did not send trade IInion delegations to spiracy, a fifth column, employing the camoufiage of a Fas{'\st Italy, Nazi Germany, or Falangist Spain and we national political party and masquerading as a move• won't send any to Russia, Mao Tse-tung's Chlnll, or to any ment of social reform. other !io-clllled paradise behind the Iron Curtain. Can you Imagine what chance democracy would have We were militantly anti-Nllzi und not just nOIl.Nazi in present-day Germany if the trade union of the Fed• during the period of Hitler's Ilscendency and ,we today eral Republic had fallen into communist hands? Imagine are militantly anti-Communist and not merely non• what could happen to human freedom in our own country Communist. if the communists were in control of the A. F. L.-C. I. O. No change of facial expression or gestures by the Consider the frightening instability of democracy in Soviets, no formal dissolution of the Comintern or Comin• France and you wUl find it is, in no small measure, due to form will cause us to relax our opposition to communism. the fact that the communists have won commanding po• Nor will we reduce our activity, demobilize our forces sitions in the trade unions of that country. or dismantle our machinery tor fighting communism. Here, I must add, however, that thanks largely to the As we see it, communism is no longer "a spectre" In spedal actil"ities of American labor in support of the the sense that Karl Marx once spoke of it. Communism democratic free institutions and labol' unians in Italy and today has become a deadly reality. Millions of Russians, France, the communist grip on labor in these countries has Chinese, Poles, Gel1nans, Balts and others whose un• been shaken to some extent. These soviet agents can no marked graves have yet to be revealed tell only a very longer call paralyzing political general strikes that they small part of the gruesome story of the transformation used to inflict on the people of France and Italy. of communism from spectre to relllity. The curse of We of American labor approach this communist prob• communism is not the cult of the Individual but com• lem and face the communist menace as citizens and as munism itself. It is the cult of communism which is the trade unionists. We fight this enemy unrelentingly, enemy we face and the enemy we must vanquish. without a letup. We don't fall for any of the communist I am confident American Labor will adhere to its prin• manem'ers, because we do not believe in doing business ciples of devotion to freedom and our free institutions with them ... on a partnership or any other basis. We above all else. As long as communism adheres to the fight this enemy with the philosophy of democracy. We doctrine of world subversion and domination, the com• fight communism with practical deeds as well as hard• munist powers will constitute a real threat to the way of hitting publications in many tongues. We expose their Ufe, to the progress and even to the very survival of our faliacieR and frauds and put communism in its proper and country and every other free country. As long as an~' ugly light by comparing its soviet paradise with our human government is totalitarian, that is, as long as it denies Amet'ican institutions and achie\·ements. These are not to its own people the enjoyment of democratic liberties, always perfect-but in our opinion they are always get• no real Ilnd enduring peace, bllsed 011 genuine lIJutual ting better. trust ca.n be achieved through agreements with that type of government. If you will take a look at the communist press in our country or on either side of the iron curtain, you will see In our midst, at home as well as abroad, the communists that we of free labor are undet' constant bitter attack. have redoubled their talk of coexistence with the rest This Is obviously becausE' our policies and activities really of the world. In the name of the "Geneva spirit," the hurt tbe enemies of freedom everywhere. communists and their dupes are now calling for un end to every legal effort to curtail their subversive Ilctivities OUI' philosophy as American citizens is that democracy and dictatot'ship cannot mix. The one is the opposite and their efforts to inflltrllte our free institutions. 'l'he communists like nothing better and want nothing as of the other. They have nothing in common. They negate much as to be given a free hand to use Ollr democratic each other. liberties and processes for the purposes of subverting OUt· philosophy as trade unionists Is that without and destroying dl!mocracy itself in this country. democracy there can be no free trade unions and without In the interest of self-preservation, governments and free trade ullions there can be no democracy. societies founded on the prinCiples of liberty must protect To us of American labor, freedom is not only an ideal themselves by taking measures against subyersiYe move• but a most vital and vested interest. That is why we do ments and their activities. He Is no liberal who does not not go in for delegation exchanges with Moscow, Peiping, believe in safeguarding democracy and its liberal Insti• Warsaw, Ot· Bucharest. "\Ve have nothing to get from tutions. True liberalism In the finlll Ilnalysis is the very them and nothing to sell them. Not until there are free opposite of any and every brand of totalitllrillnistll. trade unions in these countries will there be freedom in these lands. As we see it, not until the Russians are (Continued on inside back cover)

6 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN Police Experience Dictates Future FEATURE ARTICLE Disaster Plans by CHIEF 'WALTER L. McNULTY and LT. JOSEPH B. CONGDON, outh Kingstown, R. I., Police Depm'tJnent

South Kingstown, R. I ., with an are.'\. of 63.5 square Since martial law was not proclaimed, the Na• miles and a shoreline of 23Y2 miles, is the largest tional Guard of Rhode Island, called to aid the township in the tate of Rhode Island. This are.'\. weary members of the department, operated di• is patrolled by a 12-man police force with 3 police rectly under the authority of the chief of police. cruisers. The Department is responsible for the A member of the police force acted as liaison of• protection and safety of 10,14 year-round resi• ficer to coordinate their assignments. Facilities dents. This figure is swollen to 30,000 during the for the housing of the guard units were set up in summer and fall months as the town becomes a the basement of the Veterans of Foreign Wars hall vacationland for visitors from other States. in Wakefield. Previously, the upper part of this Such was the situation on August 31, 1954, as hall was pressed into emergency service for the the last teletyped communication was received temporary shelter of 200 evacuees. An auxiliary from State police headquarters, Lincoln Woods, power generator was connected to the electrical announcing that at 7: 30 a. m. Hurricane Carol system of the building to provide the necessary was reported 100 miles off Atlantic City, N. J., electricity for cooking and heating. with high tides expected at 10: 27 a. m. All power Soon after emergency mea ures had been acti• was severed at 8: 15 a. m. as the third hurricane vated, the main ntdio antenna was disabled and to hit the southern coast of Rhode Island since one of the mobile units was placed in front of the 1938 made its debut. police station for the purpose of transferring all From this time on, calls for help, assurance, in• formation, and advice flooded the South Kings• town police station to such an extent that 2 officers of the 12-man force were assigned to handle the calls and direct the 3 radio cars covering the high• ways. Fallen limbs were soon replaced by huge trees blocking the thoroughfares and, as these trees crashed against powerlines, a blackout of tele• type and telephone communications resulted. The station radio immediately transferred to auxiliary power and became the only means of communica• tion within the town.

M anpower The regular police staff was forced to spread its activities thinly over the wide area until the vol• unteer auxili~\1'Y r"li!!e "'crps of ~o mt':h l"tlpurted for duty. The auxiliary corps was quickly in• creased by volunteers of the fire departments and ambulance corps as well as other citizens. With this nucleus of manpower, rescue operations were carried 011 during the height of the hurricane and continued without ceasing until 1 p. m. on Sep• tember 1, 1954. Chief Walter L. McNulty.

AUGUST 1956 7 messages until a temporary antenna could be in• Traffic was diverted from the shoreline and stalled in the attic of the police station. A total evacuees were transported by bus to safety. Dur• of 16 mobile units were available, including 3 ing this operation one of the police cruisers was police cars, 1 portable radio set, 10 fire trucks and swamped and the patrolmen abandoned it. The 2 ambulances. The hazardous reduction of water work of blocking off potential disaster areas to pressure caused by broken pipelines from houses prevent traffic bottlenecks pointed out the neces• torn from their foundations required the mobile sity of early orders to town highway crews to units to be dispersed to strategic sites throughout maintain cleared arteries to the hospital, fire sta• the town. The supervision of these units was di• tions and refugee centers. The large trees which rected from the base of operations at the police line many of our town streets have been considered station in Wakefield. in determining where equipment will be allocated Our most devastated area was in East Matu• should the arteries again become blocked. nuck-a flat, low-lying tract of land, only a few feet above mean high tide in some places. East Passes Matunuck is populated with homes of 500 resi• dents. Many of these residents, employed away No passes were issued during the evacuation period from South Kingstown during the day, had left until an evaluation of the situation had been made the morning of August 31, without any sense of by State and local police. At the completion of impending danger. this work, passes were issued in contrasting colors. East Matunuck is accessible by a wooden bridge A resident was given a permanent pass of one color which withstood the onslaught of crashing homes while the summer resort owners were given tem• against its abutments for an hour before col• porary passes of a different color. After the pass lapsing. Those inhabitants who chose to remain was presented to the guard covering the disaster were later evacuated by helicopter and boat. area, the resident then recovered what possessions

Bridge out at East Matunuck.

8 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN he could find, listed them and returned the pass with the list to the guard. The gua~'d in turn checked the salvaged items and presented the list for filing at the police station. Later, the task of issuing passes was taken over by the town clerk's office and some of the workload of the police was eased. During the period in which salvage operations were being carried on, we did not permit salvaging after dark. All but the year-round residents were excluded from the disaster area and passes were checked by stationary and roving patrols to en• force this order. The Xational Guard stayed on duty for about 7 days and upon their discharge, regular police and reserve continued to maintain a strict policing for another 2-week period as the salvage and restora• tion operations remained the concern of the resi• dents. As the salvaging progressed, recovered outboard motors began to pile up in the station causing an unsightly condition of grease and oil. To erase this E'yesore, motors were taken to a local repair• man with orders from the officers to clean them. Lt. Joseph B. Congdon. Since salt water and sand deposits make a motor worthless, the fee of paying for the repair work was the problem of guide ropes soaring through was gladly paid by the grateful owners. Twenty• the air from a once flourishing tent colony. The seven motors were returned to their rightful own• ropes added their own particular lashing to the ers upon presentation of the original serial rescuers as they worked feverishly to aid victims number. Since 1954 the State of Rhode Island of the storm. has passed into law an act requiring that all out• Local sources of heavy equipment were ordered • board motors must be registered. by the police department to aid in clearing the highways to facilitate rescue operations during Rescue Problems the evacuation period. This equipment included rubber-tired bulldozers, cranes, and wreckers "Carol" taught us that rescue equipment is a vital which operated until the State could allot its own necessity for the department. 'Ve have increased machinery to this area. Fire department rescue the supply of portable radios, acquired three large boats, the commandeered private boats, and the re• portable floodlights, eliminated the wearing of liable portable radios cannot be stressed too much. "waders" by patrolmen and replaced the bulky Heavy equipment is an absolute necessity. raincoat with a two-piece rubber suit. In the pl'oce s of rescue work one of our patrolmen wear• Future Plans ing "waders" nearly lost his life when swept into a dangerous current. The water-filled boots pulled It has been decide.d that on future alerts an am• him llnerringly down into the sea. Five hundred bulance will be sent to the evacuee center and to or more loose tanks of bottled gas presented the devastated area and that fire equipment will uncthcr hazard JUl iug rt!bClIe operation~. ine be aSSIgned immediately to strategic areas. constant bobbing of the weight of the tanks as they "reather communication has been improved were driven by wind and water against rescuers with a direct link with the weather bureau at and l'escue equipment hampered the rescue opera• Theo'dore Francis Green Airport, a distance of 25 tion. miles from our base of operations. The time lapse Along with the usual debris of household in reporting weather fickleness which may brew articles, houses, and pieces of flying lumber, there death and destruction has been eliminated. Keep•

AUGUST 1956 9

390262 0 - 56 - 2 Debris and splintered homes.

ing in mind that the tide rises in the center of the The South Kingstown police will set up an office business district of ·Wakefield and in the residen• in the station for use by the Rhode Island State tial section of Silver Lake as well as the coastal Police so that the fullest cooperation in the work area, future precautions ,,,ill be taken to reroute of identifying, guarding, patrolling, and search• traffic and alert local residents and businessmen ing the blocked areas can be carried on without to the peculiar situation in our area. duplication of effort. In the future, facilities of All evacuees will go directly to the local high the station will be used only for police work since school where local agencies will take over the working space for such a large force during an housing and food problems with health authorities emergency is limited. directing their activities from the same site. The 'Ye congratulate ourselves that the death toll town clerk's office will have full responsibility for in our town was kept to the count of four, but it is initiating and issuing passes as the emergency our ambition that future emergencies will find progresses. In their capacity, the personnel of South Kingstown cheating death on all counts. the town clerk's office have access to the names of Identification in a shore area })resents a peculiar both permanent and transient property owners, and difficult problem in a time of disaster. 'Vhile and only persons with property in the sealed-off head of families are employed in other towns and areas will be permitted passes. cities, their family unit remain at the hore. Logg-ing the names and pertinent information Firms from the cities have representatives in the on evacuees will be handled by agencies other area and often are unable to fully describe these than the police. Telephone lines will be set up ag-ents. On the other hand, ell'ivers of bakery and immediately at the police station and relief center l1Iilk delivery trucks and operators of local al1• to handle inquiries from all over the country so pUl'])O 'e stores in the vicinity are apt to be efficient that the harrowing- experience of families trying in identification ,,"ork. "~hile families are un• to locate one another will be alleviated with a familiar with the routine of the head of the hou e minimum of uspense. (Cal/tinlled an paye 26)

10 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN Traffic Program Brings Results TRAFFIC and Rewards by W ILLL\M A. H YDIE, 0 hie f of Police, Palo Alto, Oalif.

Palo Alto, the home of tanford niversity, is fie laws, \"hether a signed to motors or crUlser recognized as a cultural and residential commu• patrol. nity. Industry is selected and is generally of the Although our traffic accident rate, injuries, and "smokele "variety, limited to re earch and the deaths appeared less than a.Yerage for the few manufacture of technical instrument and equip• years preceding 1952, we set as our chief objec• ment. A high percentage of the employees are tive the lessening of injuries and deaths attrib• professional people. utable to vehicle accidents. In order to have a The population at present is -12,000, spread out basis for a more accurate analysis of our accident over an area of approximately 9 square miles. experiences to enable us to apply appropriate The city's rapid growth is evidenced by comparing measures, we also started a campaign to promote the pre ent population with the population figure the reporting of every property damage accident. of 26, 90 recorded in the 1950 census. 'Ve set up our program under the general head• In 1952, a review and evaluation of our traffic ings of Selection and Training of Personnel; control and safety promotion efforts disclosed an Traffic Safety Educational Projects; and Selective apparent need to outline an overall program of Enforcement. policy and procedures. 'Ve studied programs of other departments with recognized safety records Selection oj Personnel to ascertain their enforcement pressures, educa• tional activities, police traffic engineering and Applicants must have a high school education, be other administrative procedures and policies which between the ages of 21 and 30, and be physically contributed to their success. and morally fit. They are examined in written The second step in research was to gain a thorough understanding of the programs, the serv• ices and the objectives of the National Safety Council. We readily discovered that we had neg• lected to employ the invaluable material which the studies and reports of this organization of• fered. Simply, it appeared to be a matter of recog• nizing the value of accepting expert assistance which was regularly afforded to us as a paid member. Re-examination of copies of Public Safety and monthly issues of Operation Safety provided a foundation for our program. Lt. L . E. Boreham, who had recently completed the 5 months' course at Northwestern "( niversity Traffic Institute, was placed in char~e of traffic. and his tpC'hnirR 1 h'?i!1• ing facilitated the rapid development of a well• coordinated program. The department has a total complement of 50 officers and civilian employees, reflecting a 1.2 employee per 1,000 population ratio. Four solo motorcycles and two 3-wheelers are assigned pri• marily to traffic, although all officers enforce traf- Chief William A. Hydie.

AUGUST 1956 11 and agility tests of an elimination nature, fol• of Police Training with the State Department of lowed by an intensive character investigation. Education. Occasionally we have guest instruc• Normally, we find that the extensive testing proc• tors from other departments. ess results in the final eligibility of approximately Each year, two specific courses relating to traf• 12 percent of the candidates who met the primary fic are conducted in the field of advanced training, requisites. including classroom instruction and command traffic training, which are directed to every com• Training 01 Personnel manding officer holding the rank of lieutenant or sergeant. After an officer has been selected and appointed, he participates in a basic in-service training pro• Traffic Safety Education gram which lasts for a period of 1 month. Throughout his career he takes many other courses, Late in 1952, this office held several discussions some of which afford extended advanced training with school authorities on the subject of school at administrative or technical level. To conduct patrols for the purpose of promoting a cooperative these various courses, we have 2 graduates of traffic safety program in the vicinity of schools. the FBI National Academy, 1 officer who com• The department accepted the responsibility of or• pleted the Northwestern University Traffic In• ganizing and supervising a selected group of stitute Course, 2 graduates of the Juvenile De• school children to be known as the Palo Alto linquency Control Institute, and at least 8 mem• Junior Traffic Patrol. This organization was bers of the department who secured their degree placed under the direct supervision of Officer F. V. at the San Jose State College of Police Science. Meshinski, who also acted as liaison officer between In-service training is conducted regularly, either this department and each principal's office. directly or indirectly in the field of traffic. This The junior traffic patrol, having grown from is handled primarily under department instruc• 310 to 520 completely uniformed boys and girls, tion but frequently with the cooperation of Zone has been developed into an efficient organization School Instructors of the FBI and the Division through constant training, close supervision and

Officer F. Y. Mellhinski instructs junior patrol members.

12 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN the standardization of procedures in operation and violators. This pressure is exemplified by an ex• rules attending the membership. The control of ceptionally high traffic law enforcement figure of all school crossings and adjacent intersections by 71.9, reached by constantly increasing pressure the junior traffic patrol has aided the police im• each year, and which has risen from the original mensely and has contributed to the community's starting point of 28.4 in 1951. As this enforce• safety efforts. Not a single child has been injured ment pressure has increased we have constantly at any "manned" school intersection or crossing! studied our enforcement effort which now appears This program provided the seed to cultivate a to be at a desirable proportion to accidents and is desired relationship with our younger citizens and accepted as the highest ratio of effectiveness. also afforded the opportunity to reach the young• AlthouO'h population has increa ed over 50 per• sters with traffic safety messages. cent and annexations have doubled the area dur• Bearing in mind the old axiom of "an informed ing the la t few years, injury accidents vary but public is a cooperative public," we encouraged slightly from the former yearly average of 117, parent-teacher groups, men's clubs, and other fatalities have not exceeded 2 in any year since civic organizations to call upon us for traffic data 1949 when the total was 4, and all types of acci• and safety information. The Palo Alto Chamber dents dropped off yearly from a total of 681 in of Commerce, the Palo Alto Safety Council, the 1951 to 538 in 1955. We feel that the foundation schools and other local groups generated their own of our overall program has been established. programs in coordination with police-planned projects. Selective Enforcement It is most evident to us that the extent of com• munity interest in traffic safety can spell the suc• Building a selective enforcement program neces• cess or failure of the most ambitious and inten• sitates continuous effort in the field of public in• sively planned agency program. The police must formation and public relations. The public must constantly be a part of traffic safety groups, and be regularly advised regarding the logic behind coordinate department technical knowledge with the principle of selective enforcement, the practice the efforts of these groups. At times it is neces• of determining causes and circumstances of acci• sary for the police to promote interest and spirit dents, and the enforcement effort directed against in the organizations while guiding their activities traffic violators. Public relations training is most to serve sound purposes. important. Procedures for officers in contacting The city has an active Traffic Staff Committee, motorists were refined with the objectives of ob• which meets twice monthly, a committee of the taining higher public acceptance of strict traffic city council on traffic, and a 3-man city staff repre• law enforcement and of informing drivers of the sentation on the city-school traffic committee. causes of accidents. This cooperative spirit extends to groups within 'We found that it was especially helpful to have the community which are strongly interested in officer make a point of giving motorists courteous the promotion of safety. verbal warnings in instances of borderline vio• An interested and cooperative press is a boon to lations. This gave officers the opportunity to re• any department, and the local newspaper has been mind the motorists of the main causes and con• exceptional in the number of releases of traffic ditions attending accidents in our community. articles and editorials. Such coverage is very Some of the activities in our traffic safety edu• important in providing information on traffic cation program were experimental to a degree and, problems, enforcement efforts and also in the admittedly by trial and error, we learned that only maintenance or elevation of their interest and co• well-planned, timely programs having a strong operation. message provided the desired re ults. 'Ve limit Throughout the years, our citizens have been this phase of our activities to 4 wPpkly pr·"jects regulady iniormed of the CIty'S traffic problems per year: Pedestrian Safety vVeek, Bicycle Safety and the efforts expended by the police. The press Week, a week of Vehicle Safety Checks, and a and various local organizations have played a vital week placing emphasis upon those moving viola• part in combating this problem through infor• tions which are the primary cause of most ac• mational and educational activities. The public cidents in and adjacent to our community. expects strict traffic law enforcement and has ac• From our experiences and studies, it appears cepted the increasing pressure made upon moving that the development of a sound and effective

AUGUST 1956 13 389Z89 0 - 56 -3 traffic control and safety program is dependent traffic law enforcement, and in the succeeding upon the following factors: year of 1954 we auain received the National award 1. High personnel selection and training stand• for traffic law enforcement in our population ards. group. For the year 1951, the California Safety 2. Strict and impartial enforcement. Council designated Palo Alto as the recipient of 3. A balanced program of traffic safety educa• a "Safe City Award" for conspicuous achieve• tion pertinent to local problems. ment in the reduction of traffic fatalities. In 1953, 4. Constant public information and public re• the American Automobile Association extended lations effort. recognition in the form of honorable mention for 5. Coordination of police and traffic engineer• "Pedestrian safety program for cities within the ing department. 50,000 popUlation group." 6. Complete records for selective enforcement Although national and State recognition re• action. ceived in the past is gratifying, we must continue to improve upon our programs and be ever alert National and State Honors for new teclmiques and proven methods. We must prepare ourselves in our efforts to secure adequate During the past 5 years we have been honored in manpower and equipment and certainly to extend recognition of our program and records. For 3 our cooperation to other departments. consecutive years our progress was recognized by As we have called upon others for information the International Association of Chiefs of Police. concerning their methods and programs, we wish In 1952, the department received that organiza• also to provide information on our experiences tion's first place award for traffic law enforcement to those who may wish to evaluate any of our pol• in cities of 25,000 to 50,000 popUlation. In the icies or projects, knowing that this exchange of following year, we received honorable mention in experience and ideas is mutually beneficial.

Palo Allo tral/ic award ••

14 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN Police Cade t System Works POLICE TRAINING at Cincinnati by CAPT. FRANK BORNHOFFER AND CAPT. PAUL R. FLA GHER, Division of Police, Oincinnati, Ohio

Among the many problems which be et the police police C:loets and police recruits but we are con• administrator, the most pre ing fall in the fields cernE'd only with the hiring of cadets. of recruitment and deployment of personnel. As the police chief develops plan for the future of A.dvertising his organization and determines manpower re• quirements, he must be prepared to justify the Once we made provisions to employ young men assignment of every member of his unit to the under 21 years of age, it became necessary to pub• satisfaction of city government officers. licize this fact in an effective manner. While civil Placing trained officers in jobs of a clerical service regulations require our city personnel de• nature reduces the number of men on actual patrol partment to advertise the fact that openings are and increa es the cost of operating the police de• lIVailable in city service, we cannot depend upon partment. Many assignments do not require the this means alone to reach the kind of prospect incumbent to be a trained police officer. A civilian desired. The type of youngster who reads the with training for the specific job can, in many want ads in search of employment is not too likely cases, do the work better. to be seeking employment of a career nature. .A ide from the problem incident to assigning In Cincinnati, we used contacts available to most personnel to specific jobs, there is the difficulty of police departments to develop our own advertising getting good recruits in the face of competition cam,paign. We sought the advice of experts, in• from private industry. Until recently, there has cluding an advertising agency which had indicated not been an effective way in which police depart• an interest in helping us with our recruiting prob• ments could meet this competition in which age is lem. One step recommended was that we prepare the deciding factor. Police officials had to wait to for publication in suburban newspapers an item offer employment until young prospects reached having news value which would be more than a the age of 21, the minimum a,ge for policemen in routine colorless "ad." Itwas to be a short resume Ohio. Many young boys, eager to become police• explaining the new cadet plan and having as its men, cannot afford to wait until they become of objective the selling of parents and others on the age, so they begin a career of a different nature. The cadet program of the Cincinnati Police Department, while not a new idea, has not been ex• plored elsewhere to any great degree. When we ought to leal'll the experience of other cities in this field, we found there were very few cities in this country employing police cadets as late as 1954. It i not the purpose of this article to consider all phases of recruiting 3.nd r.. ss iglll1l~uL in police work, but rather to detail some factors which have effected the hiring of young men for positions of responsibility in the Cincinnati Police Depart• ment. It may help some police administrator to answer the question, "Should our agency adopt a cadet program~" Many of the comments included Capt. Paul R . Flaugher, lel t, and Capt. Frank here apply equally well to the recruitment of both B ornhoDer.

AUGUST 1956 15 idea of encouraging youngsters to consider police character, reput.c'ttion, and the nature of the appli- work as a career. It was to be ,phrased in such a cant's associates. way as to appeal to the reader of community The personnel department of the city of Cincin- news. The agency mailed a letter to the editor nati printed a bulletin outlining the qualifications of each of these papers, stating that the superin for the police cadet applicant. This was distrib- tendent of the police district in which the paper uted widely to schools, churches, and youth or- circulated would visit him with a newS item. ganizations. High school vocational counselors Shortly before the deadline for the cadet examina- were personally contacted and furnished with tion, the various captains personally contacted quantities of the bulletin and descriptive folders these editors and provided them with material. detailing the cadet plan. Personn.el interviews The theme of the release pointed out the satisfac- with interested young men were invited. tions of a ,police career, the need for good men Since it is felt desirable that city employees live for this service, and suggested that the reader look within the corporate limits of the city, residence about him for young men whom he would like requirement was established. With regard to age, to see in city service. This news material was a minimum of 17 years was set to include many welcomed and published. The daily newspapers, boys still in high school who will shortly reach approached by a representative from the chief's age 18. The maximum age was established with office, willingly gave our efforts publicity. the idea in mind of requesting the applicant of this age to take the police recruit examination. Cleri- Qualifications cal skill was made a requisite because of the in- creasing need in police divisions for preparing We cannot hire young men who fit the require- written reports. ments of the moment, only to find that there will be some objection to their continued employment Approach to the Prospect when they become old enough to be a police officer. This means that for our cadet the standards with In seeking prospective applicants, we sought the regard to morals, mental ability, and physical aid of the members of our force. Since many of • condition must be evaluated in terms of the man our policemen first heard of the opportunities in of 21. police work from a police officer, we asked the men Civil service regulations do not permit us to set to seek out promising young men and send them to ­ minimum standards for formal education, such as us. These efforts produced favorable results. a high school education or the equivalent, although Our most effective approach, however, lay in it is felt that at least this much schooling should be following the example set by private industry in required. Reliance is placed on the test which arranging meetings at local high schools with stu- each applicant must take as an aid in revealing the dents selected by the vocational counselors. Two most suitable prospects. of our captains, briefed on the procedure to follow In setting up physical qualifications, we relied in conducting such meetings, met with groups of on our police surgeon to aid us in selecting the type students and presented our plan. They stressed of boy who might someday be a policeman. the fact that the plan was new. An effort was From a morals standpoint, we set standards far made to show the students that this was a new plan above those maintained for many other types of and an opportunity to learn and earn at the same occupation. Any agency which employs men time and to place themselves in a position where they would be able to start in career service under who inquire into family relationships, discuss em- favorable conditions. They were told that clerical barrassing experiences with women and girls, and aptitude was being made a requirement, that they accept confidences which can never be violated, would wear a distinctive uniform, and that they must be extremely careful in its recruiting proc- would work all hours of the day just as regular esses. We have depended upon the opinion of police officers. They were to be assigned to units school officials in eliminating possible misfit appli- and their primary duties would include handling cants. Favorably recommended applicants under- of telephone and teletype communications, making go a thorough background investigation which, entries in reports and records, filing, and general extending beyond interviews with the applicant's clerical work. The applicants were advised that references, is directed toward establishing the they would work under direct supervision in a

16 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN police building, not on the streets or in cars, and was expected of him and to determine if he was that they would not carry firearms. seriously interested in making police work his The salary scale was carefully explained to career. We intended to eliminate any prospect them. Police cadet's starting pay is $62. 6 per who seemed to want only temporary employment. w·eek. This increases ~ 4.15 per week after the first In connection with the conduct of the examina• year and becomes $70.96 at the end of the second tion, we compiled the following figures: 98 in• year. The weekly pay for patrolmen in our city is dividuals applied, 74 personally appeared to take 7 .49 the first year and reaches a maximum of the exam and 7 passed. These figures may be 90.23 at the end of the third year. This pay is to interpret.ed to mean that the series of tests was be increased in 1956. unusually difficult. We feel that those who passed In addition to the talk, a film was shown to give were most suitable for our needs. the students an actual picture of our training procedure. 'We now believe this film to be the Training most effective means of depicting the various phases of police operation inasmuch a a picture Now we come to the most pressing problem aside of real policemen shown in familial' surroundings from the recruiting it elf-the training of these makes a good impression. new men. If a man is properly trained from the This silent film was made with the assistance of beginning of his employment, it is likely that he a professional photographer and a portion was will perform in a creditable manner. made by one of our officers llsing a departmental The initial teaching was directed toward making camera. All of the scenes showed policemen in good clerks of our cadets. vVe feel that as they action in various parts of the city. To keep the progress in clerical work, they can be provided film timely, we have revised it twice since its first with training in other subjects related to police editing last year. The expense is much less than work. Certainly, as they work in their places of many police administrators realize. In making assignment, they will absorb something of our this film, we used five reels, giving us a running requirements and learn some of our practices. time of forty minutes. After a session in the In training these young men, we are reversing cutting room, our final revision left us a film of the procedure which we have followed to obtain ' seventeen minutes in length, which has been suf• police clerks. It has been the practice of this de• ficient for our needs. The details about the prep• partment to assign men to clerical ,york in our anttion of the film are offered since many ad• various police stations on the basis of their in- • ministrators have expressed the feeling that such clination to handle routine paper work. vVe have a production was beyond their capabilities. The selected our clerks. from those men who have first sales value or public relations effect associated with the showing of this type film is incalculable. 'While the film was shown, the visiting officers added verbal comments to emphasize certain points.

The Examination ",Ve discussed our desires with the city personnel department which prepared an examination con• isting of the followin CT parts: 1. An aptitude test comparable to that given candidates for officer candidate chool. 2. All PVP PYflmin>ltiml 3. A physical examination. 4. A clerical aptitude test. Our police surgeon conducted the physical ex• amination. Following the tests and the physical exam, two of our staff officers interviewed each candidate to make certain that each one knew what Cadet performs filing at district office.

AUGUST 1956 17 demonstrated ability as a police officer. In speak- we expected of this new type of employee and ing of police clerk, we refer to the type of em- asked for their assistance. The principal of one ployee whom you find in a police station handling of the schools offered a course in business English inquiries and keeping station records in order. and touch­typing. He volunteered to include a We do not refer to employees who work in bu- course in the spelling of commonly u ed words reaus where clerical work is the primary function. and requested u to supply him with a list of the In following this practice, we admittedly place words which we fOllnd misspelled in police rec- the quality of the paper work secondary to the ords. Such a list was provided by our training thought that the man must be ready at any time officer. to handle some phase of law enforcement. To the It was recommended that we limit school at- extent that clerical work is looked upon as a "nec- tendance to half­day periods for training in this essary evil," this reasoning is not faulty. How- small number of SUbjects. The school official sug- ever, with the increasing emphasis on written work gested a program of 5 half days per week for 6 in case preparation, the need for greater detail weeks. In view of the value of such training to in the recording of incidents and the increase in the cadet, he was expected to pay his own tuition volume of overall work, the keeping of records is costs, which was approximately 40 cents per hour. demanding more police attention. It is not neces- lYe began our training program with a 3­day sary that records be kept by a man who has police session at the Cincinnati Police Academy. The authority. balance of the first week was spent at the place We decided that the topics of training to be of assignment for each cadet. Starting the sec- incorporated in our program should include the ond week, the cadet spent one­half day at his setup of city government, organization of the police job and the balance of the day at the busi- police department, and the preparation and rout- ness school. This plan was followed for 6 weeks. ing of reports. Public. relations and telephone The cadets were provided with written material techniques were included. It proved advantageous of the type given recruits taking these courses. to train these men in business English, touch- The telephone techniques course wa provided by • typing, and the spelling of words peculiar to our our local telephone company and this consisted of profession. Despite the fact that we have tried to a motion picture describing the proper way to con- get the cream of the high school crop, we felt duct telephone conversations and highlighting _ that the spelling and grammar used by many procedures which can best secure good public graduates left something to be desired. relations. With the exception of training in spelling, Eng- Since the adoption of the cadet plan was an en- lish, and typing, we employed our police instruc- tirely new thing in our department, we felt it tors to teach these young men. 1Ve contacted the important that our other personnel should know leading business schools in our city, told them what the purpose for it. A month before the examina- tion, we published a bulletin which related the problems that confronted us in getting recruits and explained why private industry has an ad- vantage by not being restricted by age limitations. 1Ve referred to the civil service bulletins outlining qualifications for the position. In the bulletin, which wa condensed to one page and circulated throughout the division, we tried to answer ques- tions most likely to arise. 1Ye concluded our ex- planation with the comment that these new cadets would some day be working with us as policemen and that it was to our best interest to help them get a good start.

Uniforms and Equipment

Some thought should be given the design of a uni- Cadet at clerical duties in headquarters. form for police cadets. lYe want the e men to

18 FBI LAW ENFORCE'MENT BULLETIN feel that they are members of an outstanding 1. Q. HOII" will the military statu8 ot the cadet affect his organization. One "'ay is to dre them in the employmentr same fa hion as veteran policemen. However, the A. The cadet who is drafted into military sen'ice will thought wa adnlllced that if the cadets resemble be rehired following an honorable rli chal·ge. He wiJI be subject to the same conditions that police officers, anyone who sees them on the street affect rehiring of any other city employee. might request some kind of police ervice. If the service is not provided, the civilian might be dis- 2. Q. What is the minimllm age tor cadets' plea ed no matter how tactfully the lack of com- A. lVe would prefer that they be 1. However, they pliance i explained. Despite the fact that cadets can start when they are 17. We have not drawn too close a line. would not have police authority, we could not ex- pect them to explain this every time the question 3. Q. Will the applicant tl:ll0 is in school be permitted to arose. finish his educationr ince we did plan to employ them in police A. Ye , we feel that completing high school hould buildings it was decided that a uniform of some be encouraged. type hould be used to di tinguish the cadet from 4. Q. Is not police 1cork dangerous tor a young boy' regular civilian employee. ,Ve finally did adopt A. The cadet will not be performing police work because a uniform which differed to a great extent from he will not haye authority to do so. He will be that worn by members of the uniform force. The working in a police building in the company of policemen. He could not be in a safer place. uniform we selected includes a white shirt and roya 1 blue tie. The shirt is similar in design to 5. Q. O(ln the cadet nmwin in this pOSition otter' he becomes 211 that purcha ed on contract for uniform men. \Ve decided Oll trousers of French blue of tropical A. '0, we hire him with the understanding that when he becomes old enough to do so, he will take the "'orsted material. This cloth was to be taken out police recruit exam. If he does not wish to of tock by the company which has the contract to take the exam or does 1I0t pas ', his employment supply our uniforms. For outdoor wear we chose as a cadet will terminate. a royal blue blouse trimmed in French blue and 6. Q. Win ('(I(/e/I! be usea tor 8c1/001 c/'0.~8illg gllar'a posts, an Air Force style cap. Black shoes are required (18 tlte division hircs civilians tor this jobr and gaudy socks are forbidden. The cadet is to A. No, the cadet will be assigned to work which is wear his hair cut in a military fashioll. The primarily clerical in nature. He will work in election of this uniform was made by members one of our police units undel' supervision of a police officer. of the staff after a committee made inquiries as to what was available. A member of the tailoring New employees in this age group have had very firm which supplies our uniforms was invited to little work experience and come to our organiza- appear before the staff with sample materials and tion without work habits but with eagerness and uniform designs. Thus, considerable thought was intelligence. The way they are accepted into our given to the final design. official family will determine how they will pro- gress. They are growing rapidly during this pe- Cadets are required to purchase their uniform, riod of life and they are more likely to be sensi- and wear it while on duty in police buildings. tive to criticism than a man only a fe'v years older. They may change clothing at their place of assign- This i especially true if the criticism is not sup- ment if they wish, which is in accord with the plemented by tactful correction. These young policy for all uniformed members. The cap device men usually are not aware that their superiors are is the only article which remains the property of also subject to authority and they may feel that the city. The cost of the uniform is '50.45, direction is purely arbitrary. This means that. itemized as follows: blouse, $28.25; trousers, understanding is e sential. :Every employpp !,;ppk", $17.25: und cap. Si4­.!)n . ·Wp ­j'ppl thut thi~ unifm'm recognition, but the young worker is al 0 searching gives our new cadets a good appeanll1ce and a sense for an weI" to some of the big questions of life. of pride. The supervi or or administrator who realizes thi and tries to make the new cadet feel at home will Questions Raised reap the harve t of work inspired by idealism and The following questions were asked when we set in this manner the cadet .. ystem will benefit the forth our plan: organization as a whole.

AUGUST 1956 19 Organization lind Functions 01 an OTHER TOPICS EmergencyReserve

by SHERIFF HAROlD S. ZEIS, Allen Oounty, Ind.

'When an emergency situation arises, few law en• addition, the vehicular traffic increase presented forcement agencies have enough trained personnel. its own set of challenges. To handle these needs When an agency's funds are limited-the usual and to staff an office and a jail, we had only 15 plight of a sheriff's department-this type of emer• regular deputies. Plainly, it was not enough. In gency is an everyday problem. In Allen County, common with many other departments, we had to Ind., we are meeting that familiar situation with spread ourselves very thin, too thin in fact to the Allen County Sheriff's Emergency Reserve. afford the kind of protection I thought Allen It works, and without cost to the taxpayer. County deserved. You will recall that in 1947 many sheriffs' de• As a deputy sheriff in Allen COWlty during most partments throughout the United States were of 1946, I had seen the need for more help develop• faced with the problem of protecting expanding ing. So, 7 days after taking office as sheriff on suburbs and new communities which were develop'• New Year's Day, 1947, I brought together 12 men ing without bothering to organize any municipal from various sections of the county and asked services such as a law-enforcement agency. In them if they would be willing to give a part of their time and services as members of an auxiliary to the sheriff's department. They agreed and each was commissioned a special deputy. In a short time there were 40 in the group. From the outset these men were given the same powers as regular deputies, with one important exception: namely, their policing activities must at all times be under the direct supervision of the sheriff or a regular deputy. This is drummed into all members of the emergency reserve. Any man who breaks this rule has his commission card can• celed. In 9 years there have been no discouraging abuses. To encourage the reserves to feel they were an integral part of the sheriff's department, uniforms which had been used by a World War II defense plant guard force were purchased. Members of the foot patrol were also furnished with badges and shoulder patches. The money for this equip• ment came from my own pocket. By this act of outfitting the emergency reserve foot patrol, it was indicated the organization was to grow and be a permanent auxiliary. Politics, therefore, had to be ignored in the selection of personnel, inasmuch as in Indiana in 1947 a sheriff's tenure was limited for .J: years-two 2-year terms. Accordingly, no heriff could hope to perpetuate himself or his political party in office. Since then the law has been changed, but in 1947 such a change was not in Sheriff Harold S. Zeill. pro pect. Therefore, the ~\"llen County Sheriff's

20 FBI LAW' ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN emergency reserve was founded and has been main• we are in a position to fill vacancies from alter• tained on a nonpartisan basis, and I believe much nates, as we have two of these for every active one of its success is attributable to this policy. on the roster. The limitation placed on a member of the or• A. p plicants ganized reserve that he may u e his deputized powers only under my supervision or that of a By di regarding political loyalty as a qualification, regular deputy, which I mentioned early in this we have been at liberty to demand that an appli• article, is nailed down at the time a member is cant qualify as a reliable member of the com• acce,pted. This is done by having the reserve ap• munity he wishes to serve. 'Vllen a vacancy de• plicant sign a 14-point agreement coyering: At• velop , applicants are fir t screened by a board tendance at training meetings, participation in compo ed of the sheriff, the chief deputy, a regu• parades and other civic affairs, personal conduct lar deputy who is the field captain and whose in and out of uniform, refraining from unau• principal responsibility is liaison between the thorized practices, and recognition of the con• regular establishment and the organized reserve, fidential nature of some phases of law-enforcement the captain of the reserve itself, and his four work. For instance, point 6 states: "Knowing Iieu tenants. that the badge and commission card are my evi• The first requirement is that the applicant be dence of police powers, I agree never to use them from the district (the county is divided into eight) in any way to intimidate, take advantage of, or, having the vacancy. A thorough background in• in any other way, use them for personal gain or ve tigation is conducted, just as in the case of an to bring disgrace upon my orga~ization." applicant for appointment as a regular deputy. In addition, each reserve, as well as each regular, This enables us to eliminate undesirables who want deputy must be bonded to ptotect the sheriff a deputy's badge for a elfish purpose rather than again t damages. This bonding costs each man• for community service. After 9 years of operation, not the sheriff's department-$7.50. So, far from

Several representative. 01 the mounted pone.

AUGUST 1956 21 recelvll1g reimbursement for their services, the by the automobile dealer from whom the depart• reserves pay for the privilege of serving. ment's fleet was purchased. This mobile unit is Every sheriff knows it is easy to get special being fully equipped and the designation "~l~en deputies who are more interested in the glamour County heriff's Emergency Reserve Trall1l11g than the work. 'Vhen we first began to use mem• Car" is being painted on the sides. Manning it at bers of the emergency reserve on patrolling county all times will be a regular deputy and two re• roads at night, everybody wanted that assignment, serves who will handle any situation which arises but nobody stepped forward to help at the county and thereby "learn by doing:' Experience is still jail on visitors' nights. 'Ve solved that little situa• the best teacher. tion by requiring a night of help at the jail from Our emergency reserves are classified into foul' a reserve before he got a night of patrol duty. groups, as follows: I. Active: Training A. Foot patrol. It is also easy to get inexperienced help. The B. Mounted posse. problem of how to give experience to men whose C. Motorcycle squadron. day-to-day activities did not include the peculiari• D. Rescue squadron. ties of law enforcement was solved in part through E. Boat squadron. training sessions, which I consider an absolute F. Radio squadron. necessity for regulars and reserves alike. One of II. Alternate. the first steps I took to fill this need was to invite III. Honorary. the FBI to furnish police instructors for training IV. Occupational. schools. No year passes without one or more of From this jt is clear that the individual who these schools, with attendance for the reserves re• wants to be a special deputy but cannot be active quired. I have supplemented and augmented these because he must devote his time to his employ• sessions with practical field problems, such as ment or business falls into Group III-Honorary. simulated searches and roadblocks. Every month He is afforded no training and is the last to be the active emergency reserves (see the chart of called out, but he receives a wallet-sized pink• organization below) have a training problem or color identification card, bearing his right index view a training film. A minimum of absences is fingerprint and his picture. The card specifically allowed before a member's card is canceled. Some states that the commission is that of an honorary of our best training, of course, has come from deputy. actual partici,pation by the reserves in the increas• The "occupational" category comprises those ing and complex duties of a sheriff's staff. who should be deputized because of their jobs. 'Ve have used reserves on several train wrecks, This group includes city policemen, plant guards, airplane crashes, large fires, floods, traffic lane bank guards, etc. Their identification card is checks, and major crimes. The reserves have also green and training for these men is on a volun• been used on a wide variety of routine matters, tary basis. such as distributing posters and canisters for the The "alternate" category supplies the replace• heart, polio and cancer funds, and an annual East• ments for Group I-Active, which is the core er egg hunt, which attracts more than 2,500 young• of the emergency reserves. The former group sters. HaJloween presents a special situation. gets a yellow, the latter a blue identification card. It is not a disaster 01' a major crime, but in a This "alternate" group, incidentally, includes five rural area Halloween time can be a period which women, 1 of whom receives a uniform. She is a takes on characteristics of both. Besides furnish• Red Cross instructor who has performed invalu• ing additional personnel for extra patrols, the able service at many public functions. The others organized reserves help chambers of commerce, are used at basketball tournaments at Allen American Legion posts and service clubs provide County's new $3,500,000 War Memorial Coliseum. diverting parades and public parties which keep down Halloween vandalism. Active Reserves This year, "training by experience" is being fa• cilitated by the acquisition of an additional mo• Let's look at the emergency reserve's foot patrol bile unit which was presented to the department as an example of what organized volunteer help

22 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN can do. Born of necessity in 1947, this group .As thi' happened near the city of Fort Wayne, got an early test which proved its worth in the crowds ~athered at the scene immediately. Such summer of 1947. Meantime its members had been a ituation is dreaded by every short-handed de• used effectively, especially at nicrht, to check high• partment. I called out the emergency reserve foot ways and byways and the many new business patrol, which responded with excellent results. places which were springing up on the heayily For everal day, while train crews labored to set traveled roads where plenty of off-street parking the engine upright, our emergency reserve su pplied was available. One such patrol turned up an ex• guards to handle the cr0'yds and direct traffic on perienced and active safecracker. An alert citi• an around-the-clock basis. The reserve also set zen reported seeing a car stop and let a man out. up a first-aid station which cared for some 40 in• The citizen reported seeing this man walk across jured per on. This was all done without cost to a field to a business place, which was obviously the county. closed for the night. If our department had been The mounted posse and the motorcycle squadron operating with only its 15 regular deputies, not were brought into the emergency reserve in 19-:1:8. all of whom by any means were on night duty, The mounted po e, with it complement of 34 such a matter would have had to wait until morn• horses and men, is greatly in demand for parades ing for investigation. Instead, a patrol car was and at other public functions. It is, as may easily di patched to the scene and the safe burglar was be understood, a great "crowd pleaser." But it caught in action. The driver of the automobile works, too, as an integral part of the organization was apprehended later. on such tasks as searching for persons or bodies in The first big demonstration, however, of the open areas or rough terrain, or for dispersing utility of the foot patrol came after a railroad crowds. In this part of the nited tates the use engine tangled with a large earthmoving machine. of horses in law enforcement is dying out. So the

;. - ..,

A traffic lane check ill tape-recorded lor training purpolles.

AUGUST 1956 23 formation of n mounted posse was an innovation throughout Allen County. 'Ve set up emergency in Indiana. It was the first in this part of the equipment in various places throughout the country. Its nuclens came from a small riding county and handled necessary messages for club and the starting group was small anel poorly doctors, ambulances, etc., for several days. equipped. Our mounted posse has developed into Like the rescue sqtlltdron, the radio squadron n military drill team which practices every Tues• is closely linked to the county's civil defense or• day night, weather permitting. Riders of the ganization. When in 1!>47 civil defense authori• posse's mounts wear the same type of uniform as ties requested that police, sheriifs, and fire auxil• do the other members of the emergency reserve. iaries be set up, ours was ready made in the form The standard reserve uniform is gray and black. of the elllergency reserve. Since then we have Pos e ridel are privileged to vary the uniform by maintained close liaison with the civil defense or• wearing western-type Stetson hats and carrying ganization. On the first Monday of each month New York Mounted Police night sticks with gold the emergency reserve representative and I attend braid. To give color to the parade units each rider a meeting of the civil defense council ill the office carries a flag of various nations and each horse has of the mayor of Fort "\Vayne. red and white plumes, a white nylon neck rope An increasingly frequent source of requests for and a colorful serape. assistance comes from such places as supermarkets, The motorcycle squadron has increased from 8 shopping centers and drive-in theaters, which are to 11 riders, each of whom owns his vehicle, which going up outside the city limits everywhere. Traf• is painted tan and brown to match the depart• fic is the primary problem at such places. 1Ve ment's motor cars. I have found the motorcycle simply do not have enough regular deputies to squadron the easiest group to alert and the most handle these requests, even though these com• flexible to use. The regular department has no mercial operations must pay for such senices. To motorcycle units; thus, the many needs we have bring order into the traffic problems these centers for motorcycles are all filled by the motorcycle create, I use the 67-member foot patrol and the squadron of the emergency reserve. motorcycle squadron. In this case those who do The rescue squadron, formed in 1955, has 14 the work get the pay. men, each of whom is a qualified first-aid in• structor and is trained in rescue work in homes, Finances _ public and business buildings, vehicle wrecks, cave-ins, etc. The rescue squadron has at its dis• This leads to a natural question of expense. 'Where posal our department's mobile rescue truck, which does the money come from to defray the expenses is well equipped and stands ready for its special• of the Allen County Sheriff's Emergency Re• ized tasks day or night. In addition, we are pur• serve ~ No organization like this can function chasing required rescue tools, such as ladders, pry without considerable outlay, and no sheriff could bars, and cutting shears. This squadron is a be expected to foot the bills, as I did at first for recognized civil defense unit, one of the few of uniforms and badges. The money comes from one its kind, because it is trained in the problems of sponsored event-an annual sheriff's ball. 'Ve feel evacuation and survival which will arise in the the proof of the value of the emergency reserve event of military attack. Because of this, civil lies in the support this event is given by the resi• defense is matching funds we have budgeted for dents and business people in the communities and purcha e of the rescue tools mentioned above. rural area it serves. The eighth annual dance in The boat and radio squadrons, each composed 1955 brought in more than $3,000. As complete of 12 men, have been formed this year from ama• new uniforms, for example, cost approximately teur clubs. Thus, these men are aJready trained $75 each, a fund with such a limited source of in• in their specialties, but they are to be given train• come must be budgeted very carefully. This ing on how to work as an arm of law enforcement. means reserves dig into their own pockets for Each radio squadron member has his own mobile many expenses which could justifiably be charged radio unit in his personally owned car, and op• to the taxpayer. But each reserve, for instance, erates on the amateur band. furnishes his own sidearm and none collect mile• Radios operated by emergency reserves proved age for use of personal cars on the many occasions their value in 1918. On New Year's Day of that it is necessary to answer an emergency call or at• year a sleet storm cut down telephone lines tend a meeting.

24 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN With an organizational spirit like that-dedi• (;ooperative Effort in cated to service-"e do not have to waste time pondering, "Now whom are we going to get to Air Defense Plan help ~" "hen an emergency arise in Allen County. by COL. JOHN M. 'WHITE, Oommander, 4602d We have the ans"er literally at our fingertips in AI ,Peterson Field, Oolorado S,?l'ings, 0070. easily accessible files. One file, a desk-high cab• inet with a top which s"ings back out of the way, contains a folder for each reserve. Each folder The same cooperative spirit and the pooling of contains a completed application, property charge teclmiques and equipment which have accounted list and other administrative material. Hanging for considerable success in law enforcement work on the wall are three small 'sight files" which playa vital part in plans for the national defense. break down the organized reserve by: (1) group; The 4602d Air Intelligence ervice Squadron (2) alphabetically-by members' names; and (3) (AISS) of the Continental Air Defense Com• numerically-by badge number. These are main• mand is charged with the mission of immediate tained in up-to-date order by Field Capt. Frank exploitation and field analysis of downed enemy Nagel, a regular deputy. My orders are channeled equipment and uniformed personnel within the through him to the reserve lieutenant in charge limits of the United States during ·wartime. The of personnel. From him the calls for assistance 5004th Air Intelligence Service Squadron per• "fan out" to the appropriate reserve personnel. forms this mission for the Territory of Alaska. The duties and operations of the Air Intelligence Spirit Service Squadrons in no way affect or conflict with the jurisdiction or responsibilities of the FBI in Through their own chain of command the re• matters pertaining to espionage, sabotage, or sub• serves handle their own finance, supply, training, versive activities. In the event the occupants of and staff problems, relieving my personnel of all downed enemy aircraft should he civilians, the but primarily administrative functions. investigation to locate and interrogate these indi• When I reflect on the growing file of expressions viduals would be the sole responsibility of the FBI. of gratitude and commendations for work done by The peacetime assignment of the Air Intelli• our emergency reserves, I am reminded that this gence Service Squadrons is to train personnel in is all being rendered on a voluntary basis, a re• the techniques required to perform their wartime source available in every community, only waiting task and to conduct extensive liaison with military, to be organized for the benefit of all the people, governmental, and civilian agencies which can visitors or residents. assist the squadrons. To provide adequate coverage of the United States, the 4602d Air Intelligence Service Squad• ron, with headquarters in Colorado Springs, Colo., IACP CONFERENCE maintains 19 field units throughout the country. Each unit possesses at least two 3-man teams, each The 63d Annual Conference of the International A.socia• team consisting of a linguist, l\ technical intelli• tion of Chief. of Police will be held in Chicago, Ill., gence specialist, and an operational intelligence September 9-13, 1956. Mr. Leroy E. Wike, execu';I1e specialist. •ecretary of the IACP, hal announced that a well-rounded At each unit, one team is comprised of fully schedule of events and a full program of subjects of qualified parachutists and both teams are trained interelt to law enforcement hal1e been arranged. in mountain climbing, skiing, snowshoeing, horse• Conference headquarters will be at Conrad Hilton man hip, Morse code, first aid, and survival Hotel, according to Chief of Police Walter E. Headley, mpth/"l~C:: . J,., IUiu",i, Fia., roiice Uepartment, the current preliden' Despite these capabilities, the vast area of the of the lACP. United States and the Territory of Alaska re• Co-holtl for this year'1 conference will be Chief of quires the Air Intelligence Service Squadrons to Police George A. Otlewill, Chicago Park District Police have the outside assistance of military, govern• Department, and Commiuioner Timothy /. O'Connor, mental, and civilian agencies in order to perform Chicago Police Department. their duties properly. The squadrons must insure that they will be notified promptly of the existence

AUGUST 1956 25 and location of the crash of enemy aircraft. In searching for his family. The registration lists some cases the squadrons might also require the showed that the family at one time had checked use of light or heavy equipment. into the evacuee center; however, they had faileu 'While the cooperation of various agencies is to sign out as to their destinati~n or time.of leave. sought, the law enforcement agencies by their very Since they were summer reSidents their names nature represent the best sources for possible war• were not familiar to the local volunteer staff. The time assistance. frantic father accompanied by a town officer drove In January 1954, in the interest of coordinated from one place to another searching fruitlessly. effort, the FBI initiated the handling of liaison Finally, the family was located on its way back to between the Air Intelligence Service Squadrons its winter home. A promptly initiated system of and law enforcement agencies. Since that time the logging in and out of evacuees, perhaps even ta~­ Air Intelligence Service Squadrons have per• ging. would have prevented the time, effort, and formed continual liaison with law enforcement temporary heartache involved in this case. agencies with the interested and active coopera• 'Ve have also learned that during a time of tion of the FBI. Approximately 49,000 brochures emergency it is essential that coordination be a explaining the mission of the Air Intelligence governing factor and that one individual be the Service Squadrons have been distributed by FBI sole power in coordinatin~ all activities without field offices to local law enforcement agencies. In hesitation. In the case of hurricane "Carol," this addition to listing the duties of the Air Intelli• powC'r Jay within the police department and will gence Service Squadrons, these brochures include continue to be shouldered by the department in the the addresses of the individual units of the 4602d operational procedure of future emergencies. The Air Intelligence Service Squadron in the United town of South Kingstown must rely on its own States. The pamphlets state that law enforce• equipment and facilities for the first 36 hours of ment officers having knowledge of a crash of an an emergency. After this period help from State enemy aircraft or the existence of a crewman of and Federal agencies can be relied upon for assist• a downed enemy aircraft should immediately re• ance. port all information available to the FBI and to The appreciation of the citizenry was reflected the nearest unit of the appropriate Air Intelli• in one of the letters wl'itten to the department. gence Service Squadron. Such a note of commendation reads in part as The 4602d Air Intelligence Service Squadron follows: "Now that your tour of hurricane duty is in continental United States and the 5004th Air about over, I would like to say a word of appre• Intelligence Service Squadron in Alaska feel safe ciation for the way in which the South Kingstown in assuming that should their teams be called upon Police did their job in a very difficult emergency to perform their wartime mission, it is this rela• situation. All those I saw performed very well tionship with the FBI which will insure the vital and the reserve organization certainly justified its assistance of local law enforcement officers in the existence. You and your force did a fine job and rapid collection and exploitation of valuable in• deserve the thanks of all the citizens of the town. telligence information affecting the national de• I am very glad to send mine by way of this note." fense in the event of a defensive air battle in time (Aerial photographs through courtesy of Providence of war. Journal, Pro\'idence, R. I.)

Unidentified Deceased DISASTER PLANS Law enforcement officers in Aberdeen, ,"Tash., re• (Continued from paye 10) quest assistance in the identification of the un• and business firms vague in descriptions of their identified deceased man pictured below. He ap• agents, still there are hectic and constant demands parently hanged himself on February 6, 1956, in that the missing individuals be contacted. It is a room at the Gray Hotel in Aberdeen. The man this chaotic state of hysteria which the department had registered at the hotel the preceding day under found itself facing when "Carol" left her whirl of the name of 'Villiam Schultz. uebris. One such state of hysteria was created by Nothing was found in the room to indicate the a commuter returning to the area frantically true identity of the deceased. lIe left a billfold

26 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN Loot Betrays Suspect Often a private citizen suddenly­and surpris- ingly­finds himself in a position to assist in bringing criminals to justice. Such was the recent experience of a coin collector who made a practice of collecting silver dollars. After examining each coin minutely for its possible collector's value, it was his practice to turn in to a nearby bank those coins which he did not wish to retain. When two armed, masked men robbed this bank, Prints 01 deceased: right thumb, at lelt, and right litde /inger. located in a small town in Iowa, the loot they obtained included over 700 silver dollars. When two suspects were apprehended, one of containing a $1 bill and some change but no identi- them had over 400 silver dollars in his possession. fication cards. His hatband apparently had been These included several which the coin collector stamped with his name or initials, but that part was able to identify tentatively, plus one which he had been neatly cut out. Other items found in was able to identify positively, as being among the room were: An old, black, pasteboard suit· those he had turned into the bank prior to the case; an overcoat; a suit; two shirts; and under- robbery. On the coin which he was able to iden- wear. A new piece of manila hemp, apparently tify positively, the word "DAVE" had been bought for the purpose, was used for the hanging. etched. The author of the etching is unknown. Both suspects were subsequently tried, con- Description victed, and given substantial sentences. The deceased is described as follows: HelghL______6 teet or 6 feet, 1 inch. WelghL______Approximately 240 pounds. Hair______Dark, turning gray; very thin on top. Age ______Approximately 60. Fingerprint 8 0 9 U 100 12 classification____. ­­­­­­­­ M 17 U 100 Reference______9 18 All efforts to identify this man have met with negative results. Any person having information bearing on this identity is asked to communicate with Mr. A. M. Gallagher, chief of police, Aber- deen, Wash.

* , DUST SAMPLES

Dust specimens on window sills in the same neigh- borhood have been found to have different char- acteristics which are important in comparison examinations.

AUGUST 1956 27 WANTED BY THE FBI Description

M. T. McDONALD, with alias: Emtee McDonald M. T. McDonald is described as follows: Age______57, bol'll December 2;>, 180 , Long- Unlawful Flight to A.void Confinement Yiew, Texas, (not Yerifled). HeighL__.______. !'i feet 10 inches. (Murder) WeighL______197 to 234 llOunds. Build______Stout. M. T. McDonald, who escaped from the Missouri Hair______. Blad\. State Penitentiary on December 25, 1948, is Eyes______. Brown. wanted by the FBI for unlawful flight to avoid Complexioll______Dark. confinement after conviction for the crime of Race_ .______Negro. murder. He had been received in the penitentiary Nationality______. AlUerican. Occupations______Farmer, meatcutter. in 1937 to serve a life sentence for the murder of an Scars Hnd marks____ 1h inch cut scar at inner corner of acquaintance. He was convicted of a murder with left eye, 2 Inch scar right side of a hatchet after having taken out insurance on this neck, small pit scar below light victim and naming himself as the beneficiary. elbow, knot on knucl.le jOint of right thumb. Relllarks ______. Likes to play plano anel sing. Charge FBI Number______1,148,126 Fingerprint class!- 18 (j 31 W 000 19 After his escape, McDonald was seen in Ten• flcution______I 17 U 010 nessee, and local authoritie requested the FBI to assist in locating him. A complaint was filed be• Notify FBI fore lL U. S. Commissioner at ,Tefferson City, Mo., on August 1, 1950, charging McDonald with un• Any person having information which may assist lawful flight from the State of Missouri. to avoid in locating thi fugitive is requested to notify im• confinement after conviction for the crime of mediately the Director of the Federal Bureau of murder. Inve tigation, United States Department of Jus• "While at the Missouri State Penitentiary, this tice, 1Vashington 25, D. C., or the Special Agent in man worked as a gatekeeper and slaughterhouse Charge of the nearest FBI field office. employee. He is known to have worked as a salt meat curer and meatcutter for about 16 years in Kansas City, Kans., prior to 1936. He has also FUGITIVE'S FREEDOM ENDS worked as a farmer. He reportedly likes to sing In February 1956, a police department in Alabama and play the piano. submitted to the FBI Identification Division fingerprints of a subject charged with violation Caution of the lottery law. In checking the fingerprints on file in the Identification Division, employees This fugitive may be armed and should be con• found that the subject had been arrested in Febru• sidered extremely dangerous. ary 1934, 22 years earlier, and that since June of 1934 he had been a fugitive from justice. At that time he had effected his escape from prison while serving a term of from 3% to 4 years for selling, removing or concealing personal property covered by a lien. During the intervening years no arrest record had been received in the FBI concerning the escapee. On the same afternoon that the prints wer~ re• ceived, a telegra.phic reply was dispatched to the local authorities, informing them tha.t their sub• ject was a fugitive from justice. The local au• thorities subsequently notified the FBI that the M. T. McDonald fugitive had been returned to prison.

28 FBI LAW ENFORCEMENT BULLETIN

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1956 0 - 390HZ Police Alertness NATIONAL ACADEMY Early one morning in .June 1955, police officers of (Continu-ed trom page 6) a Korth Carolina city, while inve tigating a Communism, howen>r, is not only a threat. It is also prowler report, discovered a small fire at the foun• a challenge. It has been well said that "the practice of dation of a resident's home. Aware of illfeeling freedom is freedom's best defense." Ye, the challenge of between the property owner and another citizen communislll must be met with sound economic, social of the community, officers immediately proceeded and cultural policies, with pOlicies and practice aimed to the latter's residence. There they found that at eliminating every vestige of racial discrimination in our community, with policies aimed at elevating the levels the motor of a car parked in front of the residence of human dignity and raising the standard of living. Here wa hot. ·When they questioned the suspect, he we of the American trade union movement feel we have a denied having u ed the car recently and stated that role to play and I can as ure you that we will eek to play he had been in bed for approximately 4 hours. thi role in the spirit of the best of American traditions The officers were not easily convinced. They found and in furtherance of the highest American ideals. The better America we build, the tronger and greater that a pair of hoes and the cuff of a pair of America we build, the better we will be able to meet the trousers owned by the suspect were damp, which communist challenge. I urge with equal vigor that we be dampness could have been cau ed by the heavy dew strong enough in a military sen e and help make our on the ground at the time. allies strong enough in that ense to deter Soviet aggres• With circumstantial evidence indicating that sion. In coming here today I hope I have shed some light on they were on the right track, officers sought to the way we of American Labor look at the world we live obtain more concrete evidence. Investigation re• in, on the way in which we are trying to build up our vealed that the suspect had been driving the ques• country at this critical juncture in world history. The tioned car on the morning of the fire. On the tasks we face are not simple. They are complicated and front seat of this car, they found a paper match• difficult. We meet them perhaps by the old method of trial and error. I do know that if we all pull together we book from which several matches had been torn. shall certainly be able to pull apart any enemy that seeks At the scene of the fire they recovered two partially to undermine our way of life. burned paper matches, which they sent along with To you the graduates, let me say this-upon your return the matchbook to the FBI Laboratory for ex• to your respective communities, you will undoubtedly come amination. into contact with trade union organizations and repre• sentatives. May I firRt of all say and ask this of you• A microscopic comparison of the torn ends and keep in mind that there is no more dangerous fallacy than cut sides of the partially burned mat~hes with the the notion or suspicion to which some still cling and that matchbook resulted in the identification of one of is th notion that to be pro-labor, to be for better condi• the questioned matches as having been torn from tions for those who toil, is to be pro-communist. This is the questioned matchbook. absolutely not so. Any law-enforcement officer who makes sympathy for the great cause of free labor synonymous At the conclusion of the trial, at which the FBI with support of communiRm can only injure the most vital Laboratory examiner testified, the subject was con• interl:'sts of the American people and thl:' highest ideals victed of an attempt to burn a dwelling house and of our Nation. was sentenced to not less than 6 years nor more Trade Ullions, it is true, are like other institutions and than 8 years in the North Carolina State Prison. are like human beings-they are not perfect. We of the A. F. L.-C. 1. O. are not perfect. We are not free of error. \Ve are not above the law. Howeyer, I want you CON GAME FILE to realize that baSically our movement is clean, healthy und, abO\'e all, patriotic. We hold and ha'·e held fOl· many, In connection with the FBI Latent Fingerprint Illany year the principle enun<"iated by Samuel Gompers Section there is maintained a general appearance that no man can be a good trade unionist if he is not file of confidence game operators. This file con• fin"t of all in the best ense of the word a good citizen tains descriptive data and photographs of over in his relations with the rest of the community. In this 2,5vv KllO\\ n confidence game operator:,. ;:,earches in this file will be made upon request. In furnish• in the fulfillment of the special duties that you have as ing data on a suspect, the agency should make wl:'ll as in the furtherllnce of our great common goal-to keep America the land of the free, the land which shall sure that complete de criptive data is ubmitted. be unstinting in its devotion to democracy and human Photographs and other material on individuals well-being and a Nation worthy of the destiny history who may be identical with those being sought will has ("hosen for the American people at this time. Thank be furnished to the intere ted departments. ~·ou ,·ery much. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE PENALTY FOR PRIVATIE: USE TO AVOID FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION PAYMENT OF POSTAGE, I3oo WASHINGTON 25. D . C . (GPO)

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

RETURN AFTER 5 DAYS

Sup-;;rinten ent S ate Police Salem, Oregon

Interesting Pattern

The interesting pattern presented this month is classified as a double loop type whorl with an outer tracing. The deltas are found at D-I and D-2.