J. Japan. Assoc. Min. Petr. Econ. Geol. 78, 350-360, 1983

Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore from the Ulsan mine, Republic of Korea

SEON GYU CHOI and NAOYA IMAI Department of Mineral Industry, School of Science and Engineering, Wased University, Ohkubo 3-4-1, Tokyo 160, Japan

Miharaite has been found from sulphide-sulphosalt ore rich in bornite occurring as a stringer vein, which cuts calcite-marble in diamond drill cores at the Ulsan mine, Republic of Korea by the present authors. The Ulsan miharaite occurs as microscopic grains, up to 500ƒÊm long and 150ƒÊm wide, but grains as large as 100ƒÊm in maximum dimension are rather common. It occurs in bornite closely associated with wittichenite. In reflected light, it shows very weak bireflectance with reflection colour from pale-grey to white with greyish tinges. Between crossed polars, it shows moderate anisotropism, giving colour effects from greyish blue to

yellowish brown. The optical properties of miharaite are quite similar to those of the associated wittichenite, however, the discrimination of these two minerals may readily be made by means of etch test; i.e., HNO3 (1:1) etches wittichenite slowly, gradually staining to brown colour, but does not miharaite at all. The reflectance, Rmax and Rmin (percent) in air are; ƒÉ0=480nm: 32.0 and 31.3, 540nm: 33.0 and 32.2, 580nm: 33.5 and 32.2 and 660nm: 35.1 and 32.4, respectively. Vickers hardness number (VHN): 195•`230kg/mm2 at a 25-g load. The average chemical composition of thirteen spot analyses by electron microprobe

gives: Cu 27.62, Fe 6.05, Pb 23.10, Bi 23.54, S 20.66, Total 100.97 (all in weight percent), corresponding to the formular Cu4.00 Fe1 .00Pb1.03Bi1.04S5.94 on the basis of total atoms=13, being very close to the ideal formula, Cu4FePbBiS6. The strongest reflections in X-ray diffraction patterns are 3.03 A (vs) (211), 3.00 A (s) (040), 2.19 A (w) (250, 411, 241) and 1.934 A (m) (431, 002). The Ulsan miharaite is considered to have been formed during the later stage of

skarn formation by copper-rich polymetallic mineralization under relatively lower tem

perature, which has followed the main iron-tungsten mineralization.

reported in polymetallic ores from sub 1. Introduction volcanic ore deposits of the Akenobe mine, A new sulphosalt containing iron with Hyogo Prefecture, Japan by Fukuoka an ideal composition of Cu4FePbBiS6 was (1981). first discovered from copper skarn ore rich During the course of their mineralogical in bornite from the Mihara mine, Okayama study on bornite-rich skarn ore, occurring in Prefecture, Japan and was named miharaite the diamond drill cores of borehole No. by Sugaki et al. (1980). They also confirmed US-8103 drilled at the Ulsan mine, Republic an additional occurrence of this mineral of Korea, a new occurrence of miharaite in from a quartz-vein deposit of the Imo-oka bornite closely associated with wittichenite mine, Okayama Prefecture. Subsequently, has been noted by the present authors. the third occurrence of miharaite was This Ulsan material represents the fourth

(Manuscript received July 16, 1983) Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore 351

occurrence of this mineral in the world and volcanics ranging in composition from in the first in Republic of Korea. termediate to acidic were deposited during The aim of this paper is to describe the Cretaceous time. Also, volcano-plutonic mode of occurrence of the Ulsan miharaite, complex of granitic rocks, which belong to to provide some mineralogical data on this the Bulgugsa Granite Series in a broad sense material and finally to discuss its mineral ranging from Cretaceous to Early Tertiary genesis. in age, crops out extensively within this sedimentary basin. 2. Location and outline of the ore The iron-tungsten deposits of the deposits Ulsan mine are of skarn type and represent

The Ulsan mine is well known as an ed by ore pipe consisting mainly of magnet- important producer of iron and tungsten ite and lesser amounts of scheelite with minor sulphides and sulphosalts. The ore ores in Republic of Korea. This mine is located about 10 km north of Ulsan City and pipe accompanied with skarn zones has been emplaced in crystalline limestone (calcite- in Nongso Myeon, Ulju Gun, Gyeongsang marble) of unknown age immediately nam Do Province, approximately at lat. adjacent to the Upper Cretaceous volcanics 35•K37•ŒN and long. 129•‹20•ŒE (Fig. 1).

Geotectonically speaking in a region (pyroclastics and intrusives of trachyandes ite) containing the interbedded shale which ally geologic setting, the mine area occupies the southeastern extremity of the Gyeong is converted to hornfels, and ultramafic body consisting of dunite and harzburgite sang Basin near the Japan Sea, where the mollase-type sediments intercalated with partly serpentinized near the large intrusive mass of "younger granite" ("Gadae-Ri Pluton", K-Ar age of biotite: 58 Ma; Lee and Ueda, 1977). The ore deposits are considered to have a genetical relation to granite magmatism of the "Gadae-Ri Pluton", in spite of the spatial separation of ore pipe from the pluton.

3. Ore specimen investigated The borehole No. US-8103 was drilled from the surface in summer, 1981 at a point near the settling pond of mill plant in the mine area as a part of exploration pro gramme for iron and tungsten at the contact between limestones and granitic rocks which are distributed widely as an intrusive mass having an areal extension of about 40 sq. km in the western part of the mine area

Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the Ulsan ("Gadae-Ri Pluton"). mine. Based upon the coordinate of the mine 352 Seon Gyu Choi and Naoya Imai

map (1/1,200 topographic map), a position Bi-S ("phase X", that is very similar to the of this point may be expressed as; x=+ unidentified mineral from the Jin-mu mine,

29, 540m, y=-262, 851m, z=about+50m Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan; Soeda et al.,

(above sea level). The dimensions of this 1983), mawsonite ("orange bornite"; e.g., borehole are as follows; azimuth P=240•K, Sclar and Geiger, 1957; Markham and inclination 0=70•K and total length l=200 Lawrence, 1965), cobaltite, hessite, 11- m. The record of drill cores indicates that aikinite (CuPbBiS3; Moore, 1967) and the upper half is represented by crystalline native bismuth, arranged in the order of limestones, whereas the lower half by decreasing abundance. Bornite contains hornblende-biotite granites. spindle-like lamellae of chalcopyrite, prob

The ore specimen (US-B8103-04) now ably of exsolution products, and is replaced under investigation was taken from the by chalcocite which is considered to be drill core at 1=70.2 m in limestone near the supergene sulphide along the irregular contact with hornblende-biotite granite, hairline cracks, forming the networks of the "veinlets" where a bornite-rich stringer vein contain . ing garnet of grandite solid-solution series, The ore is heterogeneous in mineral

2•`3cm wide, cuts the medium-grained composition and in some polished sections white calcite-marble. sphalerite is predominate in amount (more

than 50 percent in modal volume). Galena

4. Mode of occurrence and pyrite are completely absent in this ore

Under the ore microscope, the ore is specimen. Gangue minerals involve later seen to consist essentially of bornite, garnet of grandite solid-solution series (ca. sphalerite, chalcopyrite and chalcocite, Gro20 And,,) and calcite. with minor or trace amounts of bismuthian Miharaite now in question occurs as tennantite, wittichenite, miharaite, the microscopic grains up to 500ƒÊm long and unidentified mineral in the system Cu-Fe- 150ƒÊm wide, but grains as large as 100ƒÊm

Fig. 2. Photomicrograph (left) and the corresponding drawing (right) of the polished section, showing the mode of occurrence of miharaite. Specimen US-B8103-04B. Bar scale indicates 100ƒÊm in length. Abbreviations; bo=bornite, cc=chalcocite, g=gangue minerals (garnet of the grandite solid-solution series), mh=miharaite, mw=mawsonite, tn=bismuthian tennantite, wi= wittichenite. Black area represents crack or pit. Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore 353 in maximum dimension are rather common. Table 1. Reflectance in air for miharaite as The grains are subhedral or anhedral in compared with coexisting witti chenite shape; the larger grains tend to take a tabular shape, but tiny particles usually show oval or droplet and irregular forms. The mineral occurs in bornite closely as sociated with wittichenite as the same microtextural relationships. It contains minute inclusions of chalcopyrite and mawsonite. Selected example of photo micrographs of polished section and the corresponding drawing, in which the largest grain of miharaite may appear are repro duced in Fig. 2.

5. Optical and other physical properties In reflected light, miharaite exhibits a very faint bireflectance with reflection colour from pale-grey to white with greyish tinges. Between crossed polars, it shows moderate anisotropism giving colour effects from greyish blue to yellowish brown, and no internal reflections are observed. As already pointed out by Sugaki et al. (1980) made with an Olympus MMSP-RK micro in case of the original Japanese miharaite, scope for multi-photometry, equipped with since optical properties of this mineral are halogen-tungsten lamp as a light source, a quite similar to those of the associated wit R453 photomultiplier and with mono tichenite, it is difficult to discriminate these chromator having interference-filter. All

two minerals by ordinary microscopic measurements were performed against observation alone. By means of etch test WTiC and SiC standards calibrated by with reagents having a standard concentra Carl Zeiss Jena Co. In this study, beam tion (Short, 1940), however, miharaite may spot size of 24ƒÊm was employed and the readily be distinguished from wittichenite; objective used had a magnification of •~20 i.e., HNO3 (1:1) etches wittichenite slowly, with numerical aperture of 0.40. The gradually staining to a brown colour, but dispersion of reflectance for the lights of does not miharaite at all. Also, miharaite wavelength between 400 and 700 nm by 20 is slightly stained to bluish tinges by KOH nm step for miharaite and the associated (40 percent solution) ; KCN (20 percent wittichenite is listed in Table 1, from which solution), HCl (1:1), FeCl3 (20 perent solu it is noticed that the reflectance of miharaite tion), HgC12 (5 percent solution) and H2O2; is slightly lower than that of the associated

all negative. wittichenite in short wavelength region,

The reflectance measurements were but is slightly higher in long wavelength 354 Seen Gyu Choi and Naoya Imai

Fig. 3. Back-scattered electron image (composition) and X-ray scanning images , showing the concentration distribution of elements in the field of view, where miharaite is in coexistence

with bornite (bo), chalcocite (cc), chalcopyrite (cp) and wittichenite (wi) .

The area corresponds to the right-lower area of photomicrograph as shown in Fig . 2. Bar scale in back-scattered electron image (1) indicates 50ƒÊm in length . 1. Back-scattered electron image (composition); 2•`6, X-ray images; 2 , CuKa; 3, FeKe, 4, PbMa; 5, BiMa; 6, SKa. Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore 355

region, being approximately identical at a CuKc,- and FeKa-radiations and PET for light of 620nm in wavelength BiMa-, PbMa- and SKa-radiations. As Vickers hardness number (VHN) was reference standards, natural chalcopyrite measured with an Akashi MVK-C micro- and galena of known composition for Cu, hardness tester, and it was found that the Fe, S and Pb respectively, and synthetic VHN ranged from 195 to 230 kg/mm2 at a Bi2Te3 for Bi were utilized. 25-g load, which was approximately identi After the correction for background cal with that of 190•`230kg/mm2 at 25-g and dead time, the off-line ZAF correction, load for original miharaite given by Sugaki the procedure of which was outlined by et al. (1980). Sweatman and Long (1969), was made for the Castaing's values at first approximation

6. Chemical analysis (K-values) with the Shoji's FORTRAN computer programme (Yui and Shoji, The chemical analyses, both qualitative 1976) somewhat modified by K. Ogawa. and quantitative, were performed by The calculations were performed on high electron microprobe operated in wavelength speed digital computer systems, HITAC dispersion mode (WDX). The JEOL 8800/8700 and HITAC M200H settled at electron microprobe; models JXA-50A with the Computer Centre of University of Tokyo two-channel detecting system and a 35•K through the Remote Data Station of Waseda X-ray take-off angle, and JXA-733 with University. three-channel detecting system and a 40•K The analytical results of thirteen spots X-ray take-off angle were used in this on five discrete grains are listed in Table study. 2, together with an ideal composition of Qualitative microanalysis by spectro miharaite for comparison, showing ap meter scans detected Cu, Fe, Pb, Bi and S. proximately the same results within an Other elements, in particular Ag, Sb and/or alytical errors. The average composition As, which may possibly enter into sulpho of these thirteen analyses gives; Cu 27.62, salts by isomorphous substitution were Fe 6.05, Pb 23.10, Bi 23.54, S 20.66, Total less than the detectable limits of microprobe. 100.97 (all in weight percent), and the X-ray scanning images together with back corresponding empirical formula calculated scattered electron image (composition) ob on the basis of total atoms=13 is tained by JXA-733 in the field of view, Cu4.00Fe1.00Pb1.03Bi1.04S5.94,which fulfills where miharaite is in coexistence with approximately the ideal composition of bornite, wittichenite, chalcopyrite and chal miharaite, Cu4FePbBiS6. cocite are shown in Fig. 3.

The instrumental settings for X-ray 7. X-ray diffraction analysis intensity measurements in quantitative microanalysis using JXA-50A were as X-ray diffraction patterns of the Ulsan follows; accelerating voltage V0=20kV, miharaite were obtained with both X-ray X-ray take-off angle ƒµ=35•K, absoption microdiffraction techniques and usual pow current iab=2.0•~1O-8A on MgO, electron der photographic techniques. In the former beam size on the specimen surface ƒÓ=3•`5 procedure which represents nondestructive ƒÊ m, and analyzing crystals used: LiF for analysis, three grains of the mineral on 356 Seon Gyu Choi and Naoya Imai

Table 2. Results of electron microprobe analyses of miharaite from the Ulsan mine

the polished surface were X-rayed using a A Rigaku standard Debye-Scherrer camera

Rigaku microdiffractometer connected with of 114.59mm in diameter and with Strau high-power X-ray generator (Rota-unit), manis film position was employed using Ni being operated in the reflection mode. filtered CuKa-radiation. Due to the

Experimental conditions were as follows; relatively large crystallite size of the powder voltage: 45kV, current: 200mA, radiation resulting from the special way of sample used: V-filtered CrKa1, pinhole : 30ƒÊmƒÓ, preparation, smoothing out spotty lines

scanning speed: 1•K/min., chart speed: 1cm/ was unsatisfactory. Intensity measure

min. Due to the preferred orientation ment of the resolved peaks on the powder of the single crystals with respect to the photographs was made by visual estimation.

direction of the incident X-ray beam, reflec The results of X-ray analyses for the

tions appearing in the pattern are not Ulsan miharaite are summarized in Table

sufficient in number. 3, together with the data for the original

In the latter procedure, minute amounts miharaite given by Sugaki et al. (1980) for

of the powder of miharaite were extracted comparison. From the table it may be

from the grains on the polished surface by seen that, there is a close agreement between

steel needle after the deep etching of the the two.

host bornite by KCN (20 percent solution) 8. Discussion and conclusions and attached to the edge of Lindemann

glass capillary of 100ƒÊm internal diameter. Sugaki et al. (1980) have already Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore 357

Table 3. X-ray diffraction data for miharaites

(1) X-ray diffraction data for miharaite from the Ulsan mine, ROK obtained with X-ray micro diffraction techniques (V-filtered CrKai-radiation). *Interplanar d-spacings of the reflections appearing in the pattern of the one grain. **(***) The d-spacings based upon 28-values on the average of the reflections appearing in the patterns of the two (three) grains. (2) Ditto obtained with powder photographic techniques (Ni-filtered Cu Ke-radiations). (3) X-ray diffraction data for the original miharaite from the Mihara mine, Japan (Ni-filtered CuKe-radiation). After Sugaki et al. (1980).

emphasized the significance of intimate out that miharaite can not be synthesized

association of miharaite and bornite, to in dry experiment at 300•Ž, suggesting that gether with copper-bismuth sulphosalts such this mineral might be stable at temperature as wittichenite in the Mihara and Imo-oka lower than 300•Ž. They have concluded bornite-rich ores. They have also pointed that the significance of intimate associa- 358 Seon Gyu Choi and Naoya Imai tion of miharaite and bornite is not well copper ores, it has mineralogical problems realized (Sugaki et al., 1980). not yet solved. The wide compositional The Akenobe miharaite is closely as deviation of natural bornite from its the sociated also with bornite, however, it is oretical composition, Cu5FeS4 from a intergrown intimately with chalcopyrite, structural point of view is not clear at the bismuthian tennantite and galena, although present time. wittichenite, and, tin and silver-bearing Recently, Matsueda and Almeda (1983) mineral (e.g., stannoidite, bismuthian have reported the occurrence of bismuth pearceite (?)) may appear in other polished and tellurium-bearing minerals including sections of the same ore specimen (Fukuoka, sulphosalts (e.g., wittichenite, goldfieldite, 1981). Roquesite, CuInS2 (Picot and Pier- hessite) in the bornite-rich copper ore from rot, 1963) has already been known to occur the Oko zone of the Kuroko-type ore in polymellic ores from the Akenobe mine deposits at the Shakanai mine, Akita Pre (Kato and Shinohara, 1968). Quite recently, fecture, Japan. They suggested that this the occurrence of roquesite has been con bornite-rich ore was formed by the latest firmed in chalcopyrite-rich copper ores copper-rich polymetallic mineralization after within magnetite-scheelite ore pipe at Ulsan brecciation of the Oko zone. It is to be by the present authors (Imai and Choi, noted here that mineral assemblage of the in prep.), suggesting the presence of Ulsan bornite-rich ore is similar not only to "indium ore province" (Erametsa , 1939) those of the Mihara, Imo-oka and Akenobe in Republic of Korea. ores, but also to that of bornite-rich ores in In the present case at Ulsan, micro the Kuroro-type ore deposits. textural relationships between miharaite Judging from the features of copper and bornite and the mineral assemblage in rich sulphide-sulphosalt mineralization the bornite-rich copper ore are similar to recognized within ore pipe and its pe those at Mihara and Imo-oka, except for ripheries at Ulsan, the polymetallic miner the absence of galena and pyrite, and the alization forming the present bornite-rich presence of bismuthian tennantite, "phase ore is considered to have proceeded im X", mawsonite, cobaltite, hessite, and 11- mediately after the main iron-tungsten aikinite in addition to miharaite. That is mineralization and would have taken place to say, the present Ulsan ore as well as at the relatively lower temperature, rep the Akenobe ore is characterized by poly resenting the later phase in the course of metallic nature, although metallic elements mineralization accompanied with skarn that occur are somewhat different with each formation. other. Miharaite has so far been regarded as a Thus, the intimate association of miha rare mineral in nature, however, there might raite with bornite in nature has become exist a possibility that the mineral has been more evident. At present, however, it overlooked, because of its optical similarity seems still difficult to explain com to wittichenite. Accordingly, it is predict prehensively the significance of intimate ed that careful investigation hereinafter on association of these two minerals. This sulphosalts in bismuth-, lead- and copper may be, in part, due to the fact that, bearing ores rich in bornite will reveal the although bornite is a popular sulphide in additional occurrence of this mineral in the Miharaite in bornite-rich copper ore 359 future. Joseihi, 1983/1984, Project No. 58B-22) The detailed ore mineralography of the from Waseda University awarded to the Ulsan copper skarn ore rich in bornite from junior author (N.I.), to which the present which the present miharaite has been found, authors are grateful. those in other diamond drill cores and those occurring within ore pipe and its peripheries, References being closely associated with magnetite Erametsa, O. (1938),Uber die Verbreitungdes In and scheelite, will appear in other papers. diums in finnischenMineralien and fiber seine Trennung von anderen Metailen. Suomalais, Acknowledgements: The authors wish tiedeakat.toimiruks, Sar. A, 51, 1-92. to express their sincere thanks to Drs. A. Fukuoka, M. (1981),Miharaite from the Akenobe mine and the mineral paragenesis (abstr. in Kato and S. Matsubara of the National Japanese). Coll. Abstr. Ann. Meet. Mineral. ScienceMuseum (Tokyo) for the kind advice Soc. Japan (B-35), 107. and the assistance of sample preparation Kato, A. and Shinohara,K. (1968),The occurrence of roquesite from the Akenobemine, Hyogo for X-ray analyses, and to Profs. R. Prefecture, Japan. Mineral.J. 5, 276-284. Otsuka and T. Mariko of Waseda University Lee, Y.J. and Ueda, Y. (1977),K-Ar dating on for the kind advice and the critical reading granitic rocks from the Eonyang and Ulsan area, Korea (in Japanesewith English abstr.). of this paper in manuscript. Sincere grati J. Japan. Assoc. Min. Petr. Econ. Geol.,72, tudes are also due to Dr. H. Ogasawara and 367-372. Mr. S. Kinouchi of Waseda University for Markham, N.L. and Lawrence, L.J. (1965), Mawsonite, a new copper-iron-tin sulphide the kind advice and skilled assistance in from Mt. Lyell, Tasmania and Tingha, New electron-probe microanalysis, and to of South Wales. Amer. Mineral.,50, 900-908. ficials of the Ulsan mine, especially to Mr. Matsueda, T. and Almeda, R. (1983), Mode of occurrence and paragenesis of Bi- and Te- J.H. Lee, General Manager of the mine for bearing minerals from No. 8 orebody at the their warmful assistance during the field Shakanai mine, Akita Prefecture, Japan works of the present authors, and to Mr. A. (abstr. in Japanese). Mining Geol.,33, 45- 46. Doshoo of X-ray diffraction Department of Moor,P. B. (1967),A classificationof sulfosaltstruc Application Laboratories, Rigaku Corpora ture derived from the structure of aikinite. tion for his kind assistance for X-ray micro- Amer.Mineral., 52, 1874-1876. Picot, P. and Pierrot, B. (1963),La roquesite, diffractometry of the present material. premier min€ral d'indium: CuInS5. Bull. The authors are indebted to the Com Soc. Franc. Mineral. Crist.,86, 7-14. Sclar,C. B. and Geiger,B. H. (1957),The paragenetic puter Centre of University of Tokyo and the relationshipsof germanite and renierite from Remote Data Station of Waseda University Tsumeb, South West Africa. Econ. Geol., for the access of digital computer systems, 52, 612-631. HITAC 8800/8700 and HITAC M200H in Short, M.N., (1940),Microscopic determination of ore mineral. U.S. Geol.Surv. Bull., 914, 99. the computation of the correction of electron Soeda, A., Watanabe,M. and Hoshino, K. (1983), microprobe data (Project No. 0358643002). A mineralin the system Cu-Fe-Bi-Sassociated This work has been financially sup with bornite from the Jin-mu mine (abstr. in Japanese). J. Japan. Assoc.Min. Petr. Econ. ported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Fun Geol.,78, 138. damental Scientific Research from the Sugaki, A., Shima, H. and Kitakaze, A. (1980), Ministry of Education, Culture and Sciences Miharaite,Cu4FePbBiS6, a new mineral from the Mihara mine, OkayamaPrefecture, Japan. of Japan and by Grant-in-Aid for Specified Amer. Mineral.,65, 784-788. Research Project (Tokutei Kadai Kenkyu Sweatman,T. R. and Long, J.V. P. (1969),Quanti- 360 Seon Gyu Choi and Naoya Imai

tative electronprobe microanalyses of rock used in the ZAF correction (in Japanese). forming mineral. J. Petrol., 10, 332-379. J. Mineral. Soc. Japan, 12, Spec. Issue, 70-81. Yui, S. and Shoji, T. (1976), Computer programs

韓 国 ・蔚 山 鉱山 に お け る 斑 銅 鉱 に 富 ん だ 銅 鉱 石中 の 三 原 鉱 につ い て

崔 善 奎 ・今 井 直 哉

韓 国 ・蔚山鉱山 に お い て, 1981年 夏 に掘 削 され た試 錐 孔, No. US-8103は 興 味深 い斑 銅 鉱 に富 ん だ スカ ル ン 銅 鉱石 を捕 捉 し た 。 この鉱 石 の鉱 物 学 的研 究 に よ って,著 者 らは この な か か ら三原 鉱(Cu4FePbBiS6)を み いだ し た。 この 論 文 は,こ の 蔚 山 鉱 山 産 三原 鉱 の産 状 お よび鉱 物 学 的諸 性 質 を明 らか に し,そ れ が原 産 地 で あ る三原 鉱 山 お よび 明 延鉱 山 の物 質 と類似 の鉱 物 共生 を示 し,か つ 化 学 組 成 ・X線回 折 デ ー タな どに つ い て 、両 者 が 良好 な 一 致 を示 す こ とを述 べ た もの で あ る。 そ して,最 後 に この鉱 物 の成 因 に言 及 し,そ れ は鉄 ・タング ス テ ン主鉱 化 作 用 に 引 き続 い た 後期 ス カル ン形成 の 時 期 に お け る多金 属 鉱 化 作 用 の 産 物 で あ って,こ れ ら複雑 硫 化 物 ・硫塩 鉱石 の1部 にIhの 濃 集 が 認 め られ るこ とが指 摘 され た 。

韓 国 ・日本 の 主 な地 名 ・固有 名詞 の 日本語 表 示

Akenobe mine明 延 鉱山, Bulgugsa Granite Series佛 国寺 花崗 岩 系列, Cradae-Ri Pluton加 大 里 プルトー ン, Goyongsang Basin慶 尚盆 地, Gyeongsang-nam Do慶 尚南 道, Imo-oka mine伊 茂岡 鉱 山, Jin-mu mine 神 武 鉱 山,Mihara mine三 原 鉱 山, Nongso Myeon農 所 面, Shakanai mine釈迦 内鉱 山, Ulju Gun蔚州 郡 , Ulsan mine (City)蔚 山鉱 山(市)。