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Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Vol. 63, Pp. 1229-1406 December 1952 Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the November

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Bulletin of the Geological Society of America Vol. 63, Pp. 1229-1406 December 1952 Abstracts of Papers Submitted to the November BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA VOL. 63, PP. 1229-1406 DECEMBER 1952 ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS SUBMITTED TO THE NOVEMBER MEETING IN BOSTON, MASS., NOVEMBER 13-15, 1952 SOME ASPECTS OF THE GEOCHEMISTRY OF URANIUM John A. S. Adams University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. New abundance of uranium data based upon analytical results from the University of Wisconsin demonstrate the soundness of the uraniferous province concept for common rock types. British work- ers also report uraniferous provinces in which all rock types tend to be higher in uranium content. Until the distribution and extent of uraniferous provinces are well known, it will be difficult to arrive at average abundance figures for common rock types. Aside from the province concept other diffi- culties arise in sampling and analytical errors. Radiometrric and fluorimetric analyses showed that thorium tends to be separated from uranium in the sedimentary cycle. This is believed to be caused by the oxidation of U+* to U+6, perhaps in the form of UOz+2. This oxidation proceeds at a potential somewhat less than the oxidation of Fe+2 to Fe+s. The uranyl ion is much different in charge and radius from Th+* and would tend to become separated from it. The presence of iron in the ferrous state is probably a good indication that any uranium present is in the tetravalent state, and in this state it is diadoch with Th+* and Zr+4. This last conclusion is supported by the fact that thorium and uranium are usually associated in plutonic rocks, and these rocks have much of their iron in the ferrous state. The uranium content of volcanics has received special attention, and it seems to be governed first by the general content of the province and second by the silica content. These conclusions are only tentative, however. Most pyroclastics are unique among primary rocks in that they have a very large surface area that makes them particularly susceptible to leaching. The role of this leachability in the geochemistry of uranium is under study. COMPARISON OF THE CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SEDIMENTARY AND METAMORPHIC ROCKS* Arden L. Albee 164 Main Street, Montpelier. Vt. The composition of a metamorphic rock is commonly compared with that of the supposed parent rock to determine if chemical changes have taken place during metamorphism. Chemical analyses of metamorphic rocks supposedly derived from sedimentary rocks are frequently compared with composite analyses of sedimentary rocks (commonly Clarke's), and certain compositional features are compared with those that have come to be accepted as generally characteristic of sediments. E. S. Bastin has cited the dominance of MgO over CaO, the dominance of KsO over Na2O, an excess of AlzOs over the amount necessary for feldspars, and a high SiOz content as characteristic of pelitic sediments. These generalizations concerning pelitic sediments have come to be regarded by many geologists as applicable to sediments in general, and some recent textbooks have so treated them. Complete analyses of individual argillaceous and arenaceous rocks are presented graphically to show the range of variation from the composite analyses. The graphs also show the departure of various rocks types from the compositional features mentioned above. Comparison of an analysis of a metamorphic rock with composite or averaged analyses of sedi- mentary rocks is shown to be an unreliable basis for hypothesizing chemical change during meta- morphism. Comparison should instead be made with individual analyses of sedimentary rock, taking into account the geologic setting of the rocks to be compared. Some of the important factors involved in the comparison of a sedimentary rock and its meta- morphic equivalent are discussed. * Published by permission of the Director, U. S. Geological Survey. 1229 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/63/12/1229/4639774/i0016-7606-63-12-1229.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 1230 ABSTRACTS BEARING OF FORAMINIFERAL POPULATIONS ON LATE COMANCHEAN HISTORY OF NORTHEASTERN TEXAS Claude C. Albritton, Jr., William W. Schell, Charles S. Hill, and John R. Puryear Department of Geology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas The unconformity separating the Comanche and Gulf series in Tarrant and Denton counties follows an irregular surface with local relief of several tens of feet. Although the rocks beneath the unconformity are of marine origin, ancient weathering profiles indicate that they were eroded sub- aerially before they were covered by the Woodbine sand. In reconstructing the history of this un- conformity it becomes important to know whether the sequence of marine strata beneath it contains evidence of shallowing such as might represent a trend toward emergence. At Grayson Bluff in Denton County the uppermost exposures of Grayson marl lie 14 feet vertically below the unconformity. Quantitative analyses of foraminiferal populations were made for 22 samples ranging through the exposed 66 feet of highly fossiliferous Grayson beds. Throughout the basal 64 feet, the principal benthonic families are variously the Buliminidae, Lagenidae, Rotaliidae, and Anomalinidae. These assemblages are similar to those Lowman found in the Gulf of Mexico between the middle continental shelf and upper continental slope. Within the upper few feet of the exposed section the benthonic fraction changes complexion remarkably and consists mainly of Haplophrag- moides and Ammobacidites, agglutinated tests of the kinds Lowman found most abundant in very shallow waters near shore. On this evidence one might conclude, however tentatively, that the Grayson marl preserves in its fossil record a trend toward shoaling which was the forerunner of emergence at the end of Coman- chean time. MINERAL AGE MEASUREMENT: MASS SPECTROMETRIC DETERMINATIONS OF Rb87 AND Sr87 IN LEPIDOLITES L. T. Aldrich, J. B. Doak, and G. L. Davis Dept. Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Washington, D. C.; Dept. Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Washington, D. C.; Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Inst, of Washington, Washington, D. C. Isotopic determinations of Rb87 and Sr87 in lepidolites have been made using stable isotope dilu- tion and mass spectrometric techniques. Chemical procedures outlined in the companion paper by Davis and Aldrich yielded sufficient Sr for this analysis if 2 grams of the lepidolite were available and it was as old as 107 years. Rb from 100 mg of lepidolite could be separated from the K with sufficient purity for isotopic analysis with a single recrystallization of the perchlorates. In the analysis of each mineral sample, 50 micrograms of Sr containing 64 per cent Sr84 and 180 micrograms of Rb containing 89 per cent Rb87 were added when the sample was first put in solution. The ratio Sr^/Rb87 can be determined with a precision of 3 per cent under the least favorable conditions. Ages have been determined in this manner for five lepidolites. They range from 158 ± 10 X 108 years for a Pala, California, sample to 3300 ± 300 X 106 years for a specimen from Southern Rhodesia. The absolute ages depend on the decay constant of Rb87, the latest published value for which is 1.09 ± .03 X 10-11 year-'. X-RAY EVIDENCE OF THE NATURE OF CARBONATE-APATITE Z. S. Altschuler, E. A. Cisney, and I. H. Barlow U. S. Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The existence of carbonate-fluorapatite as a distinct variety of apatite rather than a mixture of a carbonate phase and fluorapatite has been tested by the following x-ray experiments: (1) Several Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/63/12/1229/4639774/i0016-7606-63-12-1229.pdf by guest on 02 October 2021 NOVEMBER MEETING BOSTON 1231 samples each of fluorapatite and hydroxyl-apatite, of approximately end-member composition, and of carbonate-fluorapatite (having 2 to 4 per cent CCfe) were x-rayed by powder-film methods under identical conditions of instrumentation and sample preparation. The resultant film patterns are distinctive and can be correlated visually with the above chemical types by reference to the (231) and (004) lines. (2) Mixtures of these several varieties were x-rayed, and line duplication resulted. (3) Mixtures of two samples of the same variety were x-rayed, and line duplication did not occur. (4) Unit-cell constants, computed from x-ray spectrometer patterns with an ac- curacy and precision of ±0.002A, offer proof that carbonate-fluorapatite is sufficiently different from fluorapatite and hydroxyl-apatite to be considered another variety of apatite. The cell constants follow: a0(A) co(A) c/a Hydroxylapatite, Holly Springs, Ga., U.S.A 9.413 6.875 0.730 Fluorapatite, Durango, Mexico 9.386 6.878 0.733 Carbonate-fluorapatite, Staffel, Germany 9.344 6.881 0.736 The apatite in the marine phosphorites of Khouribga, French Morocco, of Florida and Idaho, U.S.A., and many other areas is carbonate-fluorapatite. RECENT FORAMINIFERAL FAUNULES FROM THE LOUISIANA GULF COAST Harold V. Andersen Louisiana Stale University, Baton Rouge, La. A taxonomic analysis of the Foraminifera incorporated with the sediments of Recent environments was undertaken to ascertain the environment of deposition of the clay in mudlumps that occur off the mouths of the passes of the Mississippi River, and the magnitude of vertical displacement of the mudlump clay. The littoral environments contributed only negative information since the foraminiferal species present in the near-shore brackish-water sediments and in the inland bays and lakes were not present in the mudlump clays. The neritic zone to the depth sampled (380 feet off the mouth of South Pass) contained species of Nonionella, Strebulus, and Bulimina which characterized most of the mudlump faunules. However, species of Liebusella, Textulariella, and Vagimdinopsis which characterize the foraminiferal faunules from other mudlump samples were not present in the neritic samples. Based on an examination of deep-water samples taken off the coast of Texas and Florida, this latter assemblage is living in water deeper than 380 feet and probably beyond the area of active delta growth.
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