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Of the Giosperm Famillesthe Parasitize,And Cvcnsuggest That Ourihlrilfamiliala¡.R

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Of the Giosperm Famillesthe Parasitize,And Cvcnsuggest That Ourihlrilfamiliala¡.R Rev.BioI. Trop.,45(4):1293-13 10,1997 Basidiomicetos de Costa Rica. Exobasidiales, Cryptobasidiales. Notas históricas, taxonómicas y fitogeográficas Luis D. Gómez1 andLiuba Kisimova-Horovitz2 EstaciónBiológica LasCruces, OTS, Ciudad 2060 Costa Rica. 2 Universilarla, SpezielleBotanikMykologie, Universitiit Tübingen, Alemania. Recibido4-Ill-19 97. Corregido 17 -IX-1997. AceptadolO-X -19 97 Abstract: The Exobasidiá.les,Exob��idiaceae, arerepresented in Costa Ricaby two genera: Exobasidiumwhicl1induces es e hypertrophi inleaves andflowers Of Ericaceae:Exobasidium vaccinii on speci s of Váccinium andP ernettya and E. gaylussaciaeo n Macleaniaand Sátyria; Exobasidiumflos·cav endishiaesp.nov., whichcauses hypertrophy on theflotá.l bractsof Cavendishiacapitulara; Exobasidium ralamancense sp. nov.which causes leilfgá.lls in Vaccinium eonsanguineur/1. which resemble large, pendent "inilorescences" and E. rhododendri which infests cultivated ericads,e.g.;\zalea, Rhododendron. A new host record forneotropica1 Exobasidialesisherc.described asExobasidi¡'¡l'(leSealloniae, a shoot . parasiteotEseallon.ia myrtilló idesin theSaxifragaceae.The speciesof KordyafU].,parasitíc onlll onocots, is representedby K. tradescantiae, on C l elinaceae. of is discussed andan ��� The generaldistribution Exobasidi�ceae ¡utifiéialkeyto the generaofEXobasidiaceaeandtothe é()staRicanspcciesofExobasidiumispresented. Somenotes onanotherphytopathogenic groupoHungí, the heterobasidial Ctyptobasidiales, of whichonly ClírfÓconidium bullatum Sydow isknownftom'Costa lQca, are.includedfC)r�heiqarityandpcculiar geogra:phical distril'¡uti()n,. The.distril:lUtion and'hostselectivity of these obligate,parasitic,fungibC<iI' grcatimportanceforúnderstanding the distribution�d ev()luli,onoft pefungi,as wellas that oítheir conspecifichost ph\llts.Thepresent distribUtio � of these fungi favours continentaldrilt overiongraJ1ge dispersá.l of the giospermfa milles cvcnsuggest thatour rilfamiliala¡.r gement of sorne th se higher � the�Parasitize,and ihl � óf � plants¡e;g; Ericaceae,mayhe inneed ofrevision.E. escalloniaeis vel)'closeto E:warmingií andto E; sehínzíanwn, both parasites ofSaxifragaceaeof neo andpá.leartic di stribution anditsoccu rrcnceon thisneotropicalplant genus pointstothe �finityof Escallorlia10 a saxifraga<:i.'ousancestral stock. Kcyw,�rds: Exo�asidiá.les. cryptobasidiales, E1icaceae,Exobasidium vaccinií, E. rlwtjodendri,E. g!lyl¡tssaciae, E. emeritense, E. talámancenst!"E. eseallaniae, Kordyanatradeseantiae, CJinoconidium bullatum, Nectandra, Ocotea, Phoebe,Saryria¡ Macleania,Gaultheria, Vaccinium,Pernetlya¡ Escallonia, ZyzipMs, Laurus,Rhododendron, Azalea, Phytopathology.Mycogeography. Eriéaceae.Lallraceae;Rh¡u¡maceae, Saxifra.gaCea:e, C osta Rica,Neotropics. Lamícopatologíavegetal en Co:staRicaarranca dos trabajQsdeP. Hennings,FungiCostarioensis . con la identificaci6n, por Elías Fríes, de las I(Hedwigia 41:101-105.1902) y Einige nene coleCcÍbnes de He1muth Polak:owskyen 1875, Pibe aus Costaricau.Pál'aguay(lledwigia 43: publicadasen una somera página bajo cl título de 147 -149 J 904). NarcisoT. P�tol.li1la1"dpublicó eh FunglCJ.Bot.London, 176: 226.1877),seguida 1912 Quelques cbampignons dl.l Costa-Rica de otro capítulo homónimo en Primitiae Florae (Bull. Soco Mycol. France 28: 1-4) y Carlos Costarioensis de Durand y Pittier, a cargo de J.E. Spegazzini en Argentina colaboró con Adolfo Bommer y M. Rousseauaparecido en 1896 (B uI!. Tonduz y produjo, en 19181 suReliquiaeMyooloc Soco Roy. Botanique Belgique 35.: 151-166); los gicqe tropicae et fungí oostarioensisnohnulli. 1294 REVISTADE BIOLOGIATROPICAL Entrala micología aplicada en un receso de una Para la observación microscópica de Exoba­ d.écada. sidium. los materiales fueron cortados a manoy No es hasta la apariciónde los trabajos de H. tefiidos con Floxina. Las esporas y conidios von S ydow que cubren el período entresu viaje a (blastoconidios)se observaron en fresco, tomadas Costa Ríea en 1925 y cuyos resultados publicó en de la superficies de las plantas infectadas, y en tres partes como Fungi in itineri costaricensi seco, para observar la opacidad relativa de ambas collecti (1 925-19 27) y que suplementó con las estructuras, si es que la hay y así se indica en las muestras enviadas por Alberto M. Brenes y descripciones. divulgadas en dos partes bajo el título Fungi La Floxina-KOH, el Azul de Metileno, Rojo costaricensesa el. Pro/Alberto M.Brenes collect¡, de Metilo soncolorantes adecuados para observar de 1929 y 1937, todas en su famosarevistaAnnales las hifas y estructurasreproductivas. El reactivo Mycologici de Berlin, y F.L. Stevens publica en de Melzer no se utiliza en estos grupos por ser 1927 su Fungi from Costa Rica and Panama inamíloideos. (Ill. BioI. Survey Monographs 11). Los ejemplares testigo se depositaron en los Los detalles de esta temprana fase de la herbarios del Commonwea1th Mycological micología nacional se dan· en Gómez (1980), Institute, Kew , Inglaterra,( CMI); la U niversidad publicación ya agotada, a cuya introducción de Costa Rica (USJ), el Herbario de Missouri histórica debemos agregar un trabajo inédito y BotanicalGardens (MO), Herbario Nacional de completamente desconocido de Adolfo Tonduz y Costa Rica (CR). Las colecciones de von Sydow Otón JiménezLuthmer,que este último obsequiara están en Munich (M),y las de Patouillard en a uno de nosotros (LDG) pocos afias antes de FarlowHerbarium, Harvard (F). morir. Se trata de un manuscrito iniciado cn agosto de 1908 y dejado inconcluso en abril de 1914, intitulado Hongos de Costa Rica.l. OBSERVACIONES Dcterminavit CI. N. Patouillard, collegit Ad. Tonduz et O. Jimenez y que se reviste de Los Exobasidiales constituyen un orden de particularimportancia parael tema que se trataen hongos parásitos en tallos,hojas o partes florales este artículo,los basidiomicelos Exobasidialesde de fanerógrunas, en las que producen manchas Costa Rica, por contener el primer registro foliares, hipertrofias,o infecciones sistémicas.El documentado para el país de una infección por micelio puedeser inter- o intracelular,o ambos. Exobasidium sp. en Ericaceae del hoy Parque El basidiocarpoes un estromaincipiente y muy Nacional Braulio Carrillo. rudimentario (pseudoestroma) o está del todo ausente.Los basidiosson holobasidios,cilíndricos o submazudos, con 2�8 esterígmas raramentemás MATERIALESy METODOS de ocho de ellos, y se presentan aislados o en fascículos discretos o formando un himenio en la El material fue recolectado en las vecindades superficie del hospedero en la madurez, de Villa Mills, San José, en altitudes entre2000 y emergiendo por estomas o entre las células epidér­ 3000 m, y en la Reserva de Monteverde, micas o corticales y es, por tanto, un basidioma Puntarenas,a 1500 m. La identificación preliminar resupinado. Las basidiosporas (en el texto esporas) se hizo en material fresco utilizando una lente de se desarrollan asimétrícamentepero, a diferencia 1 OX, para determinar que las lesiones presentaran de todos los demás basidiomicetos, se exeurvan; material fértil.La identificación genérica de las son de paredes delgadas, lisas, inamiloideas, plantas parasitadas, se hizo en el campo con aseptadas o septadas y no repetitivas. La excepción de Cavendishia capitulata, mediante germinación se lleva a cabo por formación de las claves de Luteyn (1983,-1991), identificación microconidios (en el texto conidios o confirmadapor Luteyn(J. Luteyn y J. Gómez L, blastoconidíos) de los que a veces puede originarse como pers. 1997). Gómez & Klsimova-Hol"ovit.z:Basidioinicetos deCóstaRicá. Exobasidiales 1295 un estadiounicelularlevuloide, O lacon formación criterioque compartimoscon Oberwinkler(1992) 9 de tubos germinales. yef. Bandoni '& Jori (1 75}, lo cualreduciría la , El grupo ha sido tratadoen diversas fOmias por famili!l a los géneros Exobasidium y Kordyana (Shaffer1965, 1981 lostaxónomos Jülich )debido aunque tentativamente mantenemos Muribasi­ a la aparente ambigüedad entreTeliomycetes y diosporaen la clavepreliminar, mientrasno hayan Holobasidiomycetes quepresenta la morfología otras evidencias que ubiquen este géneroen otra de su estadomaduro, con basidios queirrumpen, posición sistemática. , sobresalen del os tejidosdel hospedero, como en McNabb & Talbotmantienen el orden Brachy­ los Uredinales,hongos cuya morfología basidial basidiales ,propuesto por Donk (1964) paraalojar , 1922, asemeja también, la de Auriculariales (Leppik: el genero Braehybasidium Gaumann, de 1965; 1954, 1973). Talbot tipificado por B. pinangae (Racib.) Gaumann, Por mucho tiempo se han considerado parásito en palmas, pero originalmente descrito homobasidiomicetos (McNabb & Ta1bot 1973) en 1909 porRaciborski como Kordyanapinangae , por sus basidios aseptados pero un estudio Racíb.. cuya morfología apenas si puede . detalladode la estructura delos poros septalesde distinguirsedel géneroy especie típica,Kordyana Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.)Woronin ha puesto tradeseantiae (Pat.)Racib. (Gaumann 1922; ye! en evidencia afinidades del septo con Cunninghamet al. 1976), de maneraque, por ser 1981, EoeronartiutnySeptobasidium(Kahn etal. dudosamente diferenciable de· Kprdyana no .10 Khan & Kimbrough 1982) autoresqueindicaron consideramos10 suficientementediscreto y válido, la necesidad de una reinterpretación del y loexc luimos de Exobasidiaceae hastaque ex.istan teliobasidioantes de decidir una transferenciade mejores estudios sobre. estos organismos (y e! Exobasidium a Teliomycetes. Sin embargo¡Jos Cunningham etal. 1976). Jülich (1984) erigió el poros Shnples de este género carecen de género
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