Conservation Management Plan

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Conservation Management Plan Conservation Management Plan Shepherds Hill Defence Group Military Installations SHR # 01806 41 The Terrace, Newcastle and 65 Nesca Parade, The Hill Submitted to the Council of the City of Newcastle July 2019 | 15-192 M:\CPHERITAGE\CPH-2015\15-192 SHEPHERDS HILL DEFENCE GROUP\REPORT\OEH AMENDMENTS\OEH FINAL\CMP_SHEPHERDS HILL V.7.1.DOCX i Report Revision History Revision Date Issued Prepared by Reviewed by Verified by 01 DRAFT 4/07/16 Brittany Kerime Danis Kerime Danis Freelander Director - Heritage Director - Heritage Consultant Heritage Anna McLaurin Heritage Consultant 02 DRAFT 12/08/2016 Brittany Kerime Danis Freelander Director - Heritage Heritage Consultant 03 DRAFT 1/09/2016 Brittany Kerime Danis Freelander Director - Heritage Heritage Consultant 04 FINAL 14/12/2016 Brittany Kerime Danis Freelander Director - Heritage Heritage Consultant Kerime Danis Director - Heritage 05 15/09/2017 Brittany Kerime Danis UPDATE Freelander Director - Heritage Senior Heritage Consultant 06 25/07/18 Brittany Kerime Danis UPDATE Freelander Director - Heritage Senior Heritage Consultant 07 4/03/19 Brittany Kerime Danis UPDATE Freelander Director - Heritage Senior Heritage Consultant 7.1 3/07/19 Brittany Allen FINAL FOR Senior Heritage ENDORSEMENT Consultant This document is preliminary unless approved by a Director of City Plan Heritage. M:\CPHERITAGE\CPH-2015\15-192 SHEPHERDS HILL DEFENCE GROUP\REPORT\OEH AMENDMENTS\OEH FINAL\CMP_SHEPHERDS HILL V.7.1.DOCX ii CERTIFICATION This report has been authorised by City Plan Heritage, with input from a number of other expert consultants, on behalf of the Client. The accuracy of the information contained herein is to the best of our knowledge not false or misleading. The comments have been based upon information and facts that were correct at the time of writing this report. Copyright © City Plan Heritage P/L ABN 46 103 185 413 All Rights Reserved. No material may be reproduced without prior permission. While we have tried to ensure the accuracy of the information in this publication, the Publisher accepts no responsibility or liability for any errors, omissions or resultant consequences including any loss or damage arising from resilience in information in this publication. M:\CPHERITAGE\CPH-2015\15-192 SHEPHERDS HILL DEFENCE GROUP\REPORT\OEH AMENDMENTS\OEH FINAL\CMP_SHEPHERDS HILL V.7.1.DOCX iii Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary ............................................................................... 10 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 10 1.2 Statement of Significance ............................................................................. 10 1.3 Conclusion .................................................................................................... 11 2. Introduction............................................................................................ 12 2.1 Aims of the Conservation Management Plan ............................................... 12 2.2 Background .................................................................................................. 12 2.3 Location of the Study Area ........................................................................... 13 2.4 Existing Heritage Status ............................................................................... 15 2.5 Limitations..................................................................................................... 16 2.6 Methodology ................................................................................................. 17 2.7 Author Identification ...................................................................................... 17 2.8 Sources and Acknowledgements ................................................................. 18 2.9 Abbreviations ................................................................................................ 18 3. The Site and Context ............................................................................. 20 3.1 Site Description ............................................................................................ 20 3.2 41 The Terrace, Newcastle .......................................................................... 21 3.2.1 The Cottage ..................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Gun Emplacement and Tunnels ...................................................... 37 3.3 Park Battery, No.1 Gun and Bunker (43 High Street, The Hill) .................... 50 3.4 Park Battery, No.1 Searchlight and Bunker, Tunnel and Engine Room ...... 54 3.4.1 Searchlight Engine Room ................................................................ 56 3.4.2 Tunnel .............................................................................................. 59 3.4.3 No.1 Searchlight .............................................................................. 60 3.5 Context ......................................................................................................... 62 3.6 Views and Vistas .......................................................................................... 68 3.6.1 Views to 41 The Terrace ................................................................. 68 3.6.2 Views to the Park Battery, no.1 gun and bunker ............................. 77 3.6.3 Views from 41 The Terrace, Park Battery, no.1 gun and bunker and Park Battery no.1 Searchlight, bunker, tunnel and engine room .......................... 82 4. History .................................................................................................... 95 4.1 Prior to Human Occupation .......................................................................... 95 4.1.1 Geology ........................................................................................... 95 4.1.2 Vegetation ........................................................................................ 96 4.2 History Following Human Occupation .......................................................... 98 M:\CPHERITAGE\CPH-2015\15-192 SHEPHERDS HILL DEFENCE GROUP\REPORT\OEH AMENDMENTS\OEH FINAL\CMP_SHEPHERDS HILL V.7.1.DOCX iv 4.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................... 98 4.2.2 Aboriginal Occupation of the Hunter River District .......................... 98 4.2.3 Settling Newcastle ......................................................................... 100 4.2.4 The Hill ........................................................................................... 100 4.2.5 Recreation Reserve ....................................................................... 102 4.2.6 Defending Newcastle ..................................................................... 107 4.2.7 Shepherds Hill 8-inch Battery ........................................................ 108 4.2.8 Port War Signal Station ................................................................. 117 4.2.9 Inter-War Defence Planning .......................................................... 129 4.2.10 World War Two .............................................................................. 130 4.2.11 1945 and Beyond........................................................................... 151 4.3 Summary Timeline ...................................................................................... 154 5. Analysis of the Historical and Physical Evidence ............................. 159 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 159 5.2 Key Phases of Development ...................................................................... 159 5.3 Major Changes ........................................................................................... 160 5.3.1 Phase 1: Early 1800s .................................................................... 160 5.3.2 Phase 2: Reserve for Public Recreation (1860s) .......................... 161 5.3.3 Phase 3: Original construction (1890) ........................................... 163 5.3.4 Phase 3: c.1906-1916 ................................................................... 165 5.3.5 Phase 4: 1920s-1930s ................................................................... 166 5.3.6 Phase 5: World War II (1940-1942) ............................................... 168 5.3.7 Phase 6: Post War (1950s-1960s) ................................................ 170 5.3.8 Phase 7: 1980s-1990s ................................................................... 171 5.3.9 Phase 8 - 2000 - today .................................................................. 172 6. Archaeology ......................................................................................... 174 6.1 Indigenous Archaeology ............................................................................. 174 6.2 Non-Indigenous Archaeology ..................................................................... 174 6.2.1 Summary ....................................................................................... 178 7. Comparative Analysis ......................................................................... 179 7.1 Other Fortifications in the Newcastle LGA ................................................. 179 7.1.1 Fort Scratchley, Newcastle ............................................................ 179 7.1.2 Fort Wallace, Stockton .................................................................. 181 7.2 Other Coastal Fortifications in NSW ..........................................................
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