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Informe De Incidentes De Odio De Euskadi 2017

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Informe De Incidentes De Odio De Euskadi 2017 2017 REPORT ON HATE INCIDENTS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY 2017 REPORT ON HATE INCIDENTS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY Chair for Human Rights and Public Authorities University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) Managed and coordinated by: Prof. Dr. Jon-Mirena LANDA GOROSTIZA (Dir.) Prof. Dr. Enara GARRO CARRERA (Coord.) Work team: Mikel ANDEREZ BELATEGI Diego ARIAS DÍAZ-FAES Bertha GAZTELUMENDI CABALLERO Iñigo GORDON BENITO Laura YANGUAS AGUIRRE Security Department Basque Government Vitoria-Gasteiz/Leioa, April 2018 CONTENTS CONTENTS ................................................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 6 1. METHODOLOGICAL AND TERMINOLOGICAL DELIMITATION ........................... 9 1.1. Classification proposals ........................................................................................................................9 1.1.1. Protected categories ......................................................................................................................9 1.1.2. Regulations governing discrimination and hate crimes ...............................................................11 1.2. Positioning and explanation of the classification by categories ..........................................................13 1.2.1. Comparative terminology classification references .....................................................................13 1.2.2. Proposal of categories: general explanation ...............................................................................16 1.3. Positioning and explanation of regulations governing discrimination and hate crimes ......................34 1.4. By way of a synopsis ..........................................................................................................................36 2. HATE INCIDENTS IN 2016 ................................................................................................. 41 2.1. Distribution of known facts ............................................................................................................41 2.2. Administrative infringements by regions .......................................................................................44 2.3. Distribution of charges ...................................................................................................................44 2.4. Distribution of arrests .....................................................................................................................46 2.5. Distribution of victimisations .........................................................................................................46 2.6. Classification of hate incidents by types of crime ..........................................................................48 3. HATE INCIDENTS IN 2017 ................................................................................................. 51 3.1. Distribution of known facts ............................................................................................................51 3.2. Administrative infringements by regions .......................................................................................54 3.3. Distribution of charges ...................................................................................................................54 3.4. Distribution of arrests .....................................................................................................................56 3.5. Distribution of victimisations .........................................................................................................56 3.6. Classification of hate incidents by types of crime ..........................................................................58 4. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................................................... 60 4.1. The hate incident map in the Autonomous Basque Community: Key aspects ...................................60 4.2. Recommendations ...............................................................................................................................64 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................................... 66 ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................................................... 69 LOCATIONS ............................................................................................................................... 71 INDEX OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. 72 APPENDIX I: NOTEWORTHY NEWS ITEMS (2016- 2017) ............................................... 73 I.1. Summary of cases by protected categories ..........................................................................................73 I.2. Racism/xenophobia .............................................................................................................................74 I.3. Ideology/political orientation ..............................................................................................................77 I.4. Religious practices/beliefs ...................................................................................................................82 I.5. Sexual identity/orientation ...................................................................................................................83 APPENDIX II: EXCERPTS FROM BASQUE COUNTRY SENIOR PROSECUTOR REPORTS (2016-2017) ............................................................................................................... 85 APPENDIX III: CRIMINAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS CONCERNING INCIDENTS OF HATE AND DISCRIMINATION ................................................................ 88 III.1. Hate crimes .......................................................................................................................................88 III.2. Discrimination crimes .......................................................................................................................96 III.3. Administrative hate and discrimination infringements .....................................................................97 TRANSLATOR’S NOTE: The vast majority of the original English-language quotes have been located and reproduced in this article. However, an asterisk (*) has been used to denote a free “unofficial” translation when it has proved impossible to find the original quote, or for excerpts from Spanish laws, judicial rulings, newspapers or quotes/references by Spanish authors or institutions. 6 INTRODUCTION This report is the first of its kind on Hate Incidents in Euskadi. It arose from a joint initiative by the Chair for Human Rights and Public Authorities of the University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU) and the Basque Government's Security Department. The initiative was born of the persuasion that this kind of instrument was necessary to provide our Community with critical information for a better insight into this reality, and hence make rigorous and effective plans to take action and prevent this scourge. It is a report on hate "incidents", and not strictly a report on hate "crimes". This is because the police are not institutionally responsible for ultimately filtering instances of behaviour which may constitute crimes substantiated by a definitive judicial ruling. Their task is to address and detect possible intolerant behaviour to be processed and channelled to other areas of authority where necessary. The police cannot ignore the need to give credibility in the first instance to potential victims, whom they must inform, assist, guide and protect. A Report on Hate Incidents therefore exceeds a Report on Hate Crimes, and it has a function and an objective other than perceiving the official crime map in terms of final rulings handed down by the courts in relation to this type of criminal activity. This kind of report also fully observes the international standards and recommendations arising from global human rights universally and also, most particularly, on a regional level within Europe. As stated in the last 2017 ECRI Report (European Commission against Racism and Intolerance) on Spain, recently published, it is recommended that the law enforcement authorities: "(…) continue and intensify their activities with a view to establishing and operating a system for recording and monitoring racist, homo- and transphobic incidents, and the extent to which these incidents are brought before the courts and are eventually qualified and sentenced as racist, homophobic and transphobic offences (…)" 1. Without information, realities remain concealed and cannot be administered by public policies to address them. Any democracy must combine legislative action with effective and proportioned application. To this end, however, it is necessary to continue to conduct a regular assessment and a contrast in order to ascertain the extent to which the measures implemented are effective. This initial report therefore represents one more milestone on the path towards enhancing the empirical base of this reality in order to facilitate a critical assessment, and simultaneously empower democratic 1 European Commission
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