University of Nevada, Reno the End of ETA (2007-2011): Narratives
University of Nevada, Reno The End of ETA (2007-2011): Narratives from the Media and from the Actors A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Basque Studies by Imanol Murua Dr. Joseba Zulaika / Dissertation Advisor Dr. Txema Ramirez de la Piscina / Dissertation Advisor December, 2014 Copyright by Imanol Murua 2014 All Rights Reserved THE GRADUATE SCHOOL We recommend that the dissertation prepared under our supervision by IMANOL MURUA Entitled The End Of ETA (2007-2011): Narratives From The Media And From The Actors be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Joseba Zulaika, Advisor Txema Ramirez de la Piscina, Committee Member Xabier Irujo, Committee Member Sandra Ott, Committee Member Viola Giulia Miglio, Committee Member Susanne Martin, Graduate School Representative David W. Zeh, Ph. D., Dean, Graduate School December, 2014 i Abstract The Basque separatist armed organization ETA laid down arms in 2011 after forty years of armed campaign for independence. It was not a consequence of political negotiations. The Basque group did not achieve its goals. Yet, it unilaterally decided to end its armed activity forever. This research analyzes why and how ETA ended its armed campaign. It clarifies the events from the collapse of the last peace process in June 2007 to the announcement of the definitive end of ETA’s campaign in October 2011. It analyzes the evolution of ETA and the Basque conflict from the end of the 1970s and identifies the casual factors that led the Basque group toward its end.
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