to April 8, 1928, Vol. 8, Addresses and Other Records, London 1928, "Provida Mater" (1947), the Motuproprio "Primo Feliciter" (1948), and pp. 197-200; quotation p. 197. the Instruction "Cum Sanctissimus" (1948); cf. }. Beyer,S.}. DeInstitutis 36. Rev. Chr. Becker, S.O.S., founded the "Missionsarztliches Insti­ Secularibus Documenta (Rome: Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae, tut," the first of its kind within the Catholic Church at Wiirzburg in 1962). 1922, and the "Catholic Medical Mission Board" was established 37. Cf. "The Healing Church," World Council Studies, no. 3. (1965); S. in Washington, D.C., that same year; again, it was Washington, D.C., G. Browne, "The Healing Church: An Ambiguous and Misleading where in 1925 the "Society of .Catholic Medical Missionaries" was Concept," In the Service of Medicine, no. 61 (April 1970). founded by Sr. Anna Dengel; the "Medical Missionaries of Mary" 38. M. Scheel, "Missionary Work and Healing," International Reoieui was founded in Drogheda, Ireland, by the nurse Mary Martin in 1937; of Missions (Iuly 1964), p. 271. cf. M. A. Mathis, C.S.C., "Medical Mission Vocation," in The 39. Cf. A. Marmorstein, "The Imitation of God (Imitatio Dei)" in The Ecclesiastical Reoieui (june 1934); P. Charles,S.}., Medical Missions: The Haggadah: Studies in JeuJish Theology, TheMarmorstein Memorial Volume, Necessity forMedical Missions, Their History, Development, and theMany ed. }. Rabbinovitz, Oxford: (Oxford University Press, 1950); H. }. Obstacles ToBeOvercome in Their Fulfillment (New York: America Press, Schoeps, "Von der Imitatio Dei zur Nachfolge Christi," in Aus 1949); A. Dengel, Mission for Samaritans: A Survey of Achievements and {ruhchristlicher Zeit, Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen (Tiibingen: Opportunities in the Field of Catholic Medical Missions (Milwaukee: Bruce Mohr, 1950), pp. 286-301; A. Schulz, Nachfolgen und Nachahmen, Stu­ Publishing Co., 1945). The provisions for fostering medical mission(s) dien iiber das Verhiiltnis der neutestamentlichen Jungerschaft zur urchris­ on part of the church law, the CIC, were the Apostolic Constitution tlichen Vorbildethik (Munich: Kosel, 1962).

Book Reviews

Fields White unto Harvest: Charles F. Parham and the Missionary Origins of Pentecostalism. By James R. Goff, Jr. Fayetteville, Ark.: Univ. of Arkansas Press, 1988. Pp. ix, 263. $22.00; paperback $12.00.

In recent years, scholarly studies of he returned to Kansas, rented a large apostolic faith) essentially as a mis­ Pentecostalism have appeared at an as­ home in Topeka, and advertised the sionary movement, it is amply evident tonishing rate. The movement's size opening of Bethel Bible College. There, that Parham did consider that tongues and diversity can no longer be ignored, in January 1901, he announced the full speech should facilitate evangelism. It and its worldwide impact is generally restoration of the apostolic faith in the seems equally clear, however, that he acknowledged. Yet much of the move­ end-times. The event that heralded the believed that Spirit baptism had es­ ment's story remains to be explored. restoration was the occurrence of chatological significance as the

Goff's book addresses an obvious gap tongues speech among those of his fol­ 1/sealing of the Bride" that enabled by examining one of American Pen­ lowers who prayed for the baptism with participation in the much-anticipated tecostalism's pivotal characters, Charles the Holy Spirit. Parham proclaimed this secret rapture of the church. Parham Fox Parham. A controversial figure in as "Bible evidence" of the experi­ eventually brought his message to his day, Parham was ignored by many ence and concluded that his ministry Houston; from there, three of his black Pentecostals who preferred to believe embraced all the features of New Tes­ followers traveled to Los Angeles, and that God, not a man, had established tament Christianity. He set out to pro­ their efforts shortly made a rundown their movement. claim the apostolic faith and spent the mission on the city's Azusa Street the A native of Iowa, Parham spent rest of his life itinerating from his home hub of an emerging global revival. his formative years on the frontier in near Columbus, Kansas. Goff's book fills a large void in the south-central Kansas, where his res­ Goff painstakingly reconstructs story of Pentecostalism. Parham played . torationist message evolved out of pri­ Parham's life with constant attention a vital role as a founder---or progenitor, vate meditation on Scripture and to the cultural and social impulses that as he preferred to say---of a millenarian lengthy discussions with the common surrounded him. Whereas Pentecos­ restorationist movement that has cir­ folk. After interacting with several other tals like Parham often considered that cled the globe and become a major turn-of-the-century restorationists their message was uniquely inspired, stream in the story of twentieth-cen­ during a visit to the northeast in 1900, Goff reminds the reader that Parham tury Christianity. Goff's story of how was shaped by his milieu and cannot Parham related to other prophets in be understood apart from it. He ex­ the populist religious subculture of his amines the allegations of sexual mis­ day is also a revealing account of the Edith L. Blumhofer isAssociate Professor ofHis­ conduct that haunted Parham most of dynamic of an often-overlooked seg­ toryat Wheaton College and Project Director at his life, for the first time documenting ment of American religion. the Institute for the Study of American Evan­ their sources. -Edith L. Blumhofer gelicals. Her doctoral dissertation at Harvard While some might debate Goff's \ University and much of her work since has fo­ contention that Parham understood cused on American Pentecostalism. Pentecostalism (which he called the

126 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Livingstone's Legacy: Horace ingstone himself revised his daily jour­ Waller and Victorian nals when he transcribed them. Waller Mythmaking. was handling the private memoranda of a public figure that mentioned other By Dorothy O. Helly. Athens, Ohio: Ohio public figures very much alive. Add Univ. Press, 1987. Pp. xoiii, 404. $37.95. Victorian ideas as to inappropriate top­ ics and language, and the various pres­ Horace Waller, London stockbroker, brought to England after Livingstone's sures on editor and publisher, and the lay missionary, country clergyman, death. Then comes an analysis of Wall­ Last Journals seem, by contemporary antislavery campaigner, relentless er's methods, his revisions, omissions, standards, a pretty fair reflection. Nor writer of letters to the Times, edited the and especially his reconstruction of the do the revisions and omissions alter papers written by David Livingstone death and the events that followed. our assessment of Livingstone today; during his long East African journey The author compares Waller's note­ they add little to what we already and published them as the missionary books and drafts, showing how care­ knew of the darker side of his char­ explorer's Last Journals. In Dorothy fully he produced, from rather sparse acter. Helly's view he was also an effective materials, the picture of the fallen hero As to his legacy, the path from Liv­ promoter of our image of Livingstone, on his knees, (doubtless) praying for ingstone the liberator to British impe­ which could be used, by stressing the Africa's deliverance. The last part of rialism is clear enough, and Waller humanitarian, antislavery responsibil­ the book covers more familiar territory, illustrates its direction. But there are ities of Britain, to pave the way to a the modern assessment of Livingstone other strands to Livingstone and the British African empire. and the progressive British involve­ Christian tradition he represents, After describing the development ment in Africa to 1896, giving per­ which show the path to African inde­ of Waller's friendship with Living­ spective by relating it to Waller's pendence and identity; strands that stone, Helly describes the preparation concerns and campaigns. The conclu­ show a contrast with the racist arrog­ and rapid publication of the journals, sion is that British imperialism was ance of some of his eminent contem­ the roles of Waller, Livingstone's fam­ Livingstone's legacy to Africa, with poraries as sampled by Helly. For ily, and John Murray his publisher, the Waller, the image-maker, as an exec­ Livingstone, the European presence in minefield of Livingstone's references utor of the will. Africa was always tangential and epi­ to living people, and the position of Several questions arise. First, the sodic, as it has proved to be. the porters Susi and Chuma and the editorial process revealed by Helly vi­ In view of the array of sources "Nasik boy" Jacob Wainwright-s-all tiates the value of the Last Journals, as used, it is strange that Helly does not published, only if we desire a modern seem to have seen the printed version scholarly edition. But neither Waller, of Waller's second introduction to the nor his publisher, nor his readers were LastJournals. Dated December 31, 1874, Andrew Walls is Director of the Centrefor the looking for that. They wanted the book it appears in copies after the first print Study of Christianity in the Non- Western Livingstone wouldhave written had he run. World, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. returned alive. Helly shows how Liv­ -Andrew Walls

The Future Is Mestizo: Life Where Cultures Meet. especially to the significance of the By Virgil Elizondo. Bloomington, Ind.: Virgin of Guadalupe and of Jesus of Meyer-Stone Books, 1988. Pp. xii, 111. Nazareth. Paperback $7.95. Here is an enormously cosmopol­ itan theologian, with prestigious Eu­ This brief autobiographical volume by ple born of two or more very different ropean degrees and pastoral practice the leading theologian of U.S. His­ peoples mixing to become an open­ in Asia, Latin America, and the United panic Roman Catholicism is a gem ended synthesis) is for him, as a Mex­ States, who, from day-to-day identifi­ worth many times its price. In the ican American Christian, the clue to cation with the mestizo marginals of the process of getting to know Virgil rediscover what is most distinctive Mexico-U.S. borderlands, discovers in Elizondo, we come to know why he is about Jesus and his movement: the them the clue to the future of Chris­ so confident and passionate about the Galilean experience of reconciling ene­ tianity. people whose cause he advocates. We mies from life lived at the margins of In a time of much anxiety and also learn why his theological program religion and power. These are themes doom, it is refreshing to find a theo­ bears high promise for all Christians he has convincingly argued in a num­ logian who can be unsparing in his who find themselves at the intersec­ ber of scholarly books, especially in his analysis of injustice, and yet is able tion where different cultural and reli­ Galilean Journey (Orbis Books, 1983). from his own daily pastoral practice, gious traditions converge. To his credit, Elizondo calls little as rector of San Fernando Cathedral in The notion of mestizaje (a new peo- attention to himself. Rather, he pays San Antonio, Texas, to celebrate the tribute to his family, to his Mexican anticipation of a world no longer wal­ neighborhood in West San Antonio, lowing in parochialism or prejudice, Texas, to the wise and kind Christians, but propelled to reason and blessing Jorge Lara-Braud is Professor of Theology and Mexican and Anglo, who introduced by the vision of a future that is mestizo. Culture, San Francisco (California) Theological him to the best of both cultures, and -Jorge Lara-Braud Seminary.

JULY 1990 127 Pushing the Faith: Proselytism and Civility in a Pluralistic The term "proselytism" in Protestant ecumenical discussions has World. come to mean coercively induced con­ versions from one faith to another; in Edited by Martin E. Marty and Frederick E. Greenspahn. New York: Crossroad Pub­ this book, however, it refers to all forms of missionary witnessing and lishing Co., 1988. Pp. xiv, 190. $19.95. evangelism. The majority of contribu­ tors to this volume tend to view such Among the growing body of literature ?ook, which originated in a sympos­ endeavors with disdain and advocate on the emergent situation of religious tum sponsored by the University of the etiquette of pluralism, that every­ pluralism in America, here is a useful Denver's Center for Judaic Studies. body leave everybody else alone. It is addition that attempts to examine the The ten essays in this volume are in the concluding piece by the editor issue of proselytism. Why do people ordered under four major themes: Uni­ Martin E. Marty that the reader finds approach others in the spirit of prose­ versalism and Pluralism, Proselytism lytism? What in their faith and world­ and Jewish Exclusivism, Proselytism a thoughtful critique of that position view impels them to interfere with the and Christian Exclusivism, Social Sci­ and an attempt to see proselytism in a lives of others? Why doesn't every­ ence Perspectives. The two essays on more positive way. Marty says that if ~~erybody left everybody else alone, body leave everybody else alone? J~wis~ perspect~ves provide a good It would be a more comfortable Questions such as these imply that in historical analysis of Jewish attitudes but probably soon comatose world"; pluralistic contexts proselytism ap­ toward other faiths and touch on the contemporary issue of conversion to and therefore the challenge of prose­ pears indeed to be a social menace and ly~sm therefore very much in conflict with the Judaism. The essays on Christian per­ is that it provides a "great stimulus for communities to define etiquettes of pluralism: civility, toler­ spectives deal with early Christianity, themselves" (p. 158). ance, and politeness. How to bridge Protestant attitudes toward mission, This book, then, deals more with such tension between politeness and modern Roman Catholic attitudes, es­ pluralism and politeness than with proselytization is the focus of this pecially since Vatican II, and the Fun­ damentalists' efforts to proselytize proselytization. But it has initiated a Jews. However, the essays from social­ line of inquiry worth pursuing in fu­ J. Paul Rajashekar is Secretary forDialogue with science perspectives hardly deal with ture studies, especially in regard to the People of Other Faiths in the Lutheran World either Christianity or Judaism but con­ assumptions of "pluralism" itself. Federation, Geneva. Heisfrom India andserved centrate on the motives and methods -J. Paul Rajashekar formerly on the faculty of United Theological of conversion employed by some new College, Bangalore, India. religious movements.

Methodist Education in Peru: Social Gospel, Politics, and American Ideological and Economic Penetration, 1~88-1930. "pupil-centered" curriculum and By Rosa del Carmen Bruno-loire. Water­ the enhancement of the education of loo, Ontario: Wilfrid Laurier Univ. Press women by the Methodist schools are and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities duly recognized. On the negative side, Press, 1988. Pp. xiii, 232. Paperback the reader notes the silence of the mis­ $17.50. sionary community on land reform progressively run schools which of­ (p. 54) and the labor practices of for­ This is a well-documented historical eign mining companies (p. 104). The analysis and critique of Methodist mis­ fered instruction in skills greatly in de­ mand as a consequence of the "unholy alliance" between the U.S. sion schools in Peru, based on exten­ Embassy and the American Mission is sive primary sources. The author penetration of foreign capital ..." (p. 34). It would be naive to say that seen as feeding anti-imperialism. documents well the arrival of Protes­ Many missionaries are presented as tantism and the establishment of the there were not other more altruistic motives, but Protestant missions in woefully underestimating the riches of Methodist church. other cultures and their achievements The unique contribution of this La.tinAmerica have often been so per­ ceived, The other significant aspect of and as trapped in their own ideological studY is to describe in detail I' framework. this book is IIthe religious and social discourse which was impregnated by The author traces carefully the role both triumphant expansionism and of political figures like Haya de la Torre who were influenced by Protestant John H. Sinclair served as missionary in South the reformist language of American progressivism" (p. 48). The author ideas. The quotation from John A. America and Presbyterian mission board secre­ Mackay that "the religious problem tary for Latin America, from 1948 to 1973. He documents the strong reactions of Brit­ ish missionaries like Mackay and is the main problem . . . and its solu­ is the author of several bibliographical and his­ tion would give the key to the solution torical works onProtestantism in Latin America. Ritchie against the advocacy of Prot­ estantism as the religious aspect of of other problems," provides the con­ Hewasvisitinglecturer in the Evangelical The­ tinuing challenge of mission in Peru. ological Community, Santiago, Chile, in 1988. Pan-Americanism. The contributions of North Amer­ -John H. Sinclair ican educational philosophy through

128 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Against the Devil's Current: The from the ABCFM in 1860. Four years Life and Times of Cyrus Hamlin. earlier he had befriended Christopher R. Robert, an American philanthro­ ByMarcia andMalcolm Stevens , with con­ pist, and these pages are a colorful ac­ tributions by Arthur T. Hamlin . Lanham , count of his long but successful strug­ Md.: Univ. Press of America , 1988. Pp. gle to build the college that would bear xi, 504. $34.75. Robert's name. Part III, "New England" (pp. Malcolm Stevens, a professor of chem­ lengthy educational preparation for 363-478), recounts Hamlin's frustrated istry at the University of Hartford in native pastors, using English as the efforts in America to raise endowment Connecticut, and Marcia Stephens, a medium of instruction, also met with funds for Robert College. His personal freelance historical researcher, have missionary opposition. relationship with Christopher Robert lived in Turkey and Lebanon where Unable to persuade either the mis­ became strained, and the ABCFM and they were affiliated with Robert Col­ sion agency or his colleagues of his ed­ his former missionary colleagues lege in Istanbul and the American Uni­ ucational philosophy, Hamlin resigned blocked his return to Constantinople. versity of Beirut. Their thoroughly researched and splendidly written book Against the Deuil's Current is, in this reviewer's judgment, the defini­ tive biography of Cyrus Hamlin (1811­ 1900). In tracing Hamlin's life from hum­ American Society of ble birth on a New England farm to New· Spring 1990 international renown, the book pro­ Missiology Series vides useful insights in the story of Thomas G. Christensen America's first mission agency, the AN AFRICAN TREE OF LIFE "For anyone who wants to see how the very best American Board of Commissioners for of contextual theologies are being developed Foreign Missions (ABCFM). It is also a today." - Robert J. Schreiter source of information about the dis­ Papar$17.95 solution of Ottoman power, the rise of Lamln Sanneh TRANSLATING THE MESSAGE American influence in the Middle East , The Missionary Impact on Culture early relationships of Protestant mis­ "A turning polnt In the study of the Christian mis­ sionary enterprise." - Harvey Cox sionaries with Orthodox and Catholic Papar$17.95 hierarchies, and the emergence of Ar­ Louis J. Luzbetak menian Evangelical churches. THE CHURCH AND CULTURES Part I, "Maine" (pp. 7-86), New Perspectives In Mlsslologlcal Anthropology traces Hamlin's childhood, his educa­ "An excellent book made even better-truly ecu­ tion at Bridgeton Academy, Bowdoin menical. " - Eugene Nlda College, and Bangor Theological Sem­ Papar$19.95 inary, and influences leading to his de­ Ralph R. Covell cision for missionary service. His CONFUCIUS, THE BUDDHA, AND CHRIST Translating appointment in 1837 by the ABCFM, A History of the Gaspelln Chinese Paper$16.95 the his marriage to Henrietta Jackson, and Message their long voyage to Turkey are de­ James J. Stamoolls scribed in fascinating detail. EASTERN ORTHODOX MISSION Tho Misslonary Impact THEOLOGY TODAY ooCUIltJre Part II, "Constantinople" (pp. Foreword by James Meyendorff 89-360), is the heart of the narrative. Papar$18.95 The Eastern church hierarchs had be­ Guillermo Cook come hostile to the Protestants of the THE EXPECTATION OF THE POOR Latin American Basic Eccleslal Communities In Constantinople Mission before Ham­ Protestant Perspective lin's arrival, and the authors charge the Paul F. Knitter inissionaries with a large share of the NO OTHER NAME? blame. A Critical Survey of Christ/an Attitudes Toward the World Religions Hamlin organized production Paper $14.95 workshops for student self-support in Richard Henry Drummond the emerging Protestant schools, and TOWARD A NEW AGE IN highly successful bakeries to employ CHRISTIAN THEOLOGY Armenian evangelicals deprived of Papar$16.95 At bookstores Wilbert R. Shenk Louis J. Luzllelak, S.V.D. or from the their guild licenses and reduced to F~ bv ~ "'" HENRY VENN­ publisher poverty. But missionary colleagues in MISSIONARY STATESMAN Constantinople and Rufus Anderson Papar$18 .95 at the ABCFM in Boston opposed what Eugene Nlda and WIlliam Reybum ORBIS BOOKS MEANING ACROSS CULTURES o they termed his emphasis on "secu­ Maryknoll, NY 10545 lar labors." Hamlin's insistence on Papar$15.95 Everett Nicholas Hunt, Jr. Add $2.00 for postage/handling PROTESTANT PIONEERS IN KOREA MCMsa orders Paper$17.95 Call toll free 1-800-258-5838 Norman A. Horner, a contributing editor, is liiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiin NYS call collect 914 941-7687 Professor of Mission, Emeritus, at Louisville Presbyterian Seminary. He wasa missionary in the Middle East from 1968 to 1976.

JULY 1990 129 Those disappointments, compounded make this section of the book almost glossary of historical names, a selected by Bangor Seminary's refu sal to grant melodramatic. bibliography, and an ind ex. him permanent faculty status, and his The book includes over forty pho­ -Norman A. Horner pr ecariou s famil y situation without tographs and other illustrations. The sala ry or other financial resources, final pages (479-504) provide a helpful

My China Memoirs (1928-1951). theology cannot continue with any in­ By Joseph Henkels. Edited by James A. tegrit y if it has not come to terms with Heiar. Techny, Ill.: Society of the Divine Marxism. Some Chi nese Ch ris tian s Word , 1988. Pp. xi, 222. Paperback. No have done it at both the ideological and price indicated. the practical levels. It is, argues Whyte, an encounter that enabled them to be­ Unfinished Encounter: China and of Christian missions, but to trace the gin a journey beyond the forms of Christianity. story of " the encounter of Chri sti­ theology that failed China in the past. anity with the world's oldest living civ­ The main reservation about the By Bob Whyte. London: Collins Fount Pa­ ilization ." Beginning with the arri val of book would be that the author's de­ perbacks, 1988. Pp. 537. Paperback £5.95. a Persian missionary to Ch ina in A.D. scription of Catholicism in China is, by 635, he takes us as far as the middle of far, too weak when compared to his The topic of these two books is Chri s­ 1987. This often complicated story is presentation of Protestantism. Occa­ tianity in China. My China Memoirs is couched in 500 concis e and easy-to­ sional spelling errors, confused ident­ the story of the personal experience of read pages. ities , and distorted figures betray a lack an American missionary of the Society In the first one-third of the book, of familiarity with Catholic sources. of the Divin e Word (SVD), who spent Wh yte surveys the various attempts at The weakness is most obv ious in twenty-three years in China between extending the Christian church int o Whyte's heavy relianc e on Thomas 1928 and 1951. Unfinished Encounter is China up until the Communist "lib­ Breslin's China, American Catholicism, an overview of the development of eration." Then he focuses on his pri­ and the Missionary to describe the first Ch inese Christianity in light of the mary concern, which is the evolution part of th e twentieth century. Breslin's contemporary situa tion of the church of Chinese Christianity since 1949-its study is far from giving the whole pic­ in China. various responses to the experiences of ture of Catholicism in China, but, un­ Despite its title, Father Henkels's Marxist liberation, and how it is seek­ fortunately, is one of th e rare work is not a book of memoirs, but ing to red efine itself in relation to this publications available on this subject. rather, an annotated chronology of his new social orde r. The blame, therefore, is to be placed assignments and wide-ranging duties. What makes thi s storytelling so in­ not so much on Bob Whyte, but on As such, the account is certainly a use­ teresting is that Whyte is constantly Catholic scholars for lack of substan­ ful contribution to the recordkeeping injecting it with theological reflections. tive research. For the period since 1949, of the past activities of SVD mission­ At various stages, he stops his narra­ and p articularly since 1979, Wh yt e arie s. Unfortunately, the author pro­ tive to look at the cultural context and see ms to be unaware of the 1987 pub­ vides only a few glimpses of his own in what ways Christians sought to re­ lication of Dr. Kim-Kwong Chan's dis­ mood and feelin gs while in China. He late themselves to Chinese culture. sertation entitled Towards a Contextual also rarely engages in an analysis of Two themes emerge as the main foci Ecclesiology- The Catholic Church in the events or missionary work. of this the ological exploration. First is People's Republic ofChina, 1979-1 983: Its Some eyewitness stories of little­ Whyte'S conviction that China's deep­ Lifeand Theological Implications. known events might momentarily cap­ est insights are expressed through ar t The se criticisms should not, how­ ture the reader. But so far, it seems that and poetr y, friendship and feasting, ever, detract from the intrinsic qu ality Henkels has kept the most informative rather than religion. Therefore, one of Unfi nished Encounter. Th e book and captivating part of his memoirs to mu st see k beyond the confines of the sho uld be recommended not onl y as himself. "religious" to understand trul y the the best up-to-date account of the his­ In Unfin ished Encounter, Bob spiritua l elem ents in Chinese culture. tory of Christianity in China, but also, Wh yte 's aim is not to provid e a history The second point is that Marxism in as Dr. Robert Run cie says in the fore­ China came up on the church as a judg­ word, a contribution to its future. ment on its lon g-term association with - Jean-Paul Wiest West ern p owers an d it s captivity Jean-PaulWiest, Research Director of the Mary­ within the thought-forms of the West­ knoll History Program, is the author of Mary­ ern world. Consequently, Christian knoll in China: A History, 1918--1955 (1988).

The Middle East: A Directory of Wom en in the Third World) , this vol­ um e includes a wid e ran ge of resources Resources. readil y available for those wh o seek in­ formation and/or ways to becom e more Compiled and edited by Thomas P. Fenton directl y involved with Middle East is­ and Mary J. Heffron. Maryknoll, N. Y: sues in the United States. Orbis Books, 1988. Pp. xio, 144. Paperback The collection includes an anno­ $7.95. tated list of twenty-seven orga niza- This newly publish ed directory is the with the previous five (which focus on sixth in a serie s of annotated guides to Africa ; Asia an d th e Pacific; Latin Cha rles A. Kimball, a Southern Baptist minister, publications, organi zation s, audio-vis­ Am erica and the Caribbean; Food, serves as the Middle East Director for the Na­ uals, and other resource materials. As Hunger a n d Agribusiness ; and tional Council of Churches.

130 INTERN ATIONAL BULLETIN OF M ISSION ARY RESE ARCH tions-including addresses, phone and wo rk of the local church, both at for the same people!" (p. 87, italics his). numbers, key contact person s, and hom e and abroad, is reflected in the In cha pter 8 he draws on The World brief self-description s as well as infor­ p resent vo lu me, w hich is in deed Christian Encyclopedia for statistics to il­ mation on activities, resources, and pe­ " A Handbook for Congrega tions." lustrate his own list of megatrends and riodicals (if any). Thirt y-seven more Th ough d irect ed p rimarily toward their challenge for the churches. Ch ap­ orga n iz a tio n s a re listed sim p ly by Presby terians , especia lly in chapters 4­ ter 9 focuses on the role of the local name and add ress. 6 and 9, it has much helpful material cong rega tion in supporting mission s, Thirty-two b o oks (p u b lished for an y congregation that wants to a n d the final cha p ter, o n "The mostly in the 1980s) and twenty-n ine learn more abo u t the cha lle nge of Coming Kingd om ." Appe ndix A gives periodicals are featured with anno­ eva nge lism and socia l mini stry. an ou tline of the biblical basis of mis­ tated entries. Many others, together Brown presents a balanced picture sion, and appe ndix B a yea r-round with catal ogu es, directories, guides, of liberation theology, its cont ributions plan for mission emphasis through a and bibliographies, are listed for ref­ and some of its dan gers. He does the local churc h committee. The re is also erence. Amo ng the pamphlets and ar­ same for the Church Growth move­ a suggested list of mission books for a ticles noted , many originate from The m ent, and then p o ints o u t that local churc h library. Link (publishe d by American s for Mid ­ " Both movem ents have as th eir - Keith R. Crim dle East Understanding) and MEREP priority a deep and passionate concern (Middle East Research and Inform a­ tion Project) . The au d io -vis ual se ctio n hi gh­ lights many films and videos, th irty­ eight of which are annotated entries . Practical information includes details on how to obtain the resources, the 1988 purchase and rental prices, etc. The two appendices indicate the major uni versity centers with Middle East programs and Ll.Si-based religiou s or­ ganizations with notable Middle East involvemen ts . A lengthy in dex (25 340 CONTRIBUTORS ANNUAL STATISTICAL pa ges) fur the r enha nces the value of -AVIRTUAL 'WHO'S STATUS OF GLOBAL the book . WHO " OF CONTEM­ MISSION, BY DAVID Altho ug h th e political orientation PORARY' MISSIOLDGY BARREn reflected in the anno tated entries is to 242 BOOK REVIEWS EDlTOR'SSELECTION the left of center, the scope of the ma­ OF FIFTEEN OUT­ terial presented is wide. Fenton and 392 DOCTORAL DiS­ STANDING BOOKS Heffron are to be congratulated for SERTATION NOTICES EACH YEAR providing a well-organized compe n­ CUMULATIVE INDEX dium that will benefit both individuals and libraries. The Third Bound Volume of -Charles A. Kimball MISSIONARY GOLD INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH~ 1985·88 Presbyterians in World Mission: A Handbook for Congregations. Here is more gold for every theological library and exploring scho lar of mission stuc ies-e-with all 16 issues of 1985-1988-bound in red buckram, By G. Thompson Brown . Decatur, Ga.: with vellum finish and embossed in gold lettering. It matches the earlier CTS Press, 1988. Pp. vii, 146. Paperback bound volumes of the Occasional Bulletin of Missionary Research, $8.95. 1977-1980(sorry, completely sold out), and the International Bulletin of Missionary Research, 1981-1984 (also sold out). Since the ea rly 1950s Brown has pro­ Limited edition,lnternational Bulletin of Missionary Research, 1985-1988. vide d crea tive and devoted service in Only 3& bound volumes available. Each volume is individually world mission s, first to the former numbered and signed personall y by the editor and associate editor. Presbyterian Church U.S. (Southern) and, since 1983, to the reunited Pres­ Special Price: $56.95 byterian Church (U.s.A.) He has writ­ ten about missions in China, whe re he grew up, and in Korea, where he served as a missionary. He is now as­ Send me __ boundYolume(s) of the International BulletinofMissionary sociate profe ssor of World Christianity Research, 1985-1988 at $56.95. at Columbia The ological Seminary, De­ Enclosed is my check in the amo unt ::;Na:::m::..a _ catur, Georgia. His concern for the life of $~ made out to " Inter­ ~~~~~~~~.~I~:~ne~~ ~~~:i~~~~ :;:AJJ:::;dr,::8'::.,' _ U.S.A. add $4.00 for postage and handling. Payment must accom ­ Keith R. Crim, former editor at Westminster pany all orders . Allow 5 weeks for Press, Philadelphia, was a Presbyterian mis­ delivery within the U.S.A. sionary to Korea from 1952 to 1966 and was MaUto: PublicationsOffice, Overseas Ministries StUdyCenter, 490 Prospect St., New Haven. CT 06511·2196 involved in both evangelistic and educat ional ministries.

JULY 1990 131 Critical Choices: A Journey with the Filipino People. on America's part and help us Amer­ By Dorothy Friesen. GrandRapids, Mich.: icans to realize our interconnectedness Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988. and the common interests we share. Pp. viii, 284. Paperback $12.95. The great tragedy following the overthrow of Marcos is seen in the way Dorothy Friesen writes with an au­ vivid sense of the courage, the deter­ the many hopeful new possibilities thenticity gained from years of expe­ mination, and the hope of Filipinos ushered in by the Aquino presidency rience in the Philippines, first as co­ seeking to build a free and just society. have been undercut by the lack of land director of Mennonite work there and Friesen is particularly good in de­ reform and an uncontrolled military, then as reseacher/journalist who has scribing life in the countryside, cap­ supported by U.S. policies that are probed deeply and listened sympa­ turing the mood and longings of against Philippine interests. thetically to the Filipinos in their strug­ ordinary peasants and workers. She Friesen's book would have been gle against oppression. She writes with combines these personal impressions strengthened by a consideration of the passion and conviction, conveying a with political/economic analysis that historical significance of the rionvi­ U.S. churches especially need to pon­ olent overthrow of Marcos and the der. As in other third-world countries, continuing relevance of radical non­ Richard L. Deats, Director of Interfaith Activ­ the Philippines suffers from U.S. eco­ violence in completing the revolution itiesoftheFellowship ofReconciliation in Nyack, nomic and military policies that favor that was begun with the ending of the N. Y:, was from 1959 to 1972 professor of social the few at the expense of the many, dictatorship. The problem of means ethics at UnionTheological Seminaryin thePhil­ branding .nationalistic strivings as and ends remains one of the critical ippines. His published writings include Nation­ communist and anti-American. A issues for Christians working for social alism and Christianity in the Philippines and "politics of empathy" (p. 267) transformation. The Story of Methodism in the Philippines. would lead to greater understanding -Richard L. Deats

A Sense of the Sacred: A Biography of Bede Griffiths. might have expected. Human, all-too­ By Kathryn Spink. Maryknoll, N. Y:: Orbis human factors made it more than once Books, 1988 Pp. 214. $16.95. necessary to relocate and to start again, before settling in Saccidananda-Ash­ Bede Griffiths is well known to all who friends, his years at Oxford and at ram, where earlier Father Monchanin are interested in Hindu-Christian dia­ Prinknash. She tells us how the ac­ and Swami Abhishiktananda had logue. His books and lectures have fa­ quaintance with Father Alapatt, a worked. Even here the subversive ac­ miliarized many with what he has priest from Kerala who had entered a tivities and hostilities-interestingly called "the Marriage between East European Benedictine monastery, enough all coming from the same and West." We are much indebted to made grow in Father Griffith's mind church to which Father Bede belongs­ Kathryn Spink for this engaging bi­ the idea to establish a Christian mon­ made life often difficult to the point of ography. The author provides detailed astic community in India as an expres­ near despair. information on Bede Griffith's child­ sion of the contemplative tradition of Kathryn Spink is an admirer of hood and youth, his studies and his Christianity assumed to be closer to the Father Bede and she succeeds in evok­ Indian religious genius than the usual ing in the reader a sense of admiration bustle of Christian missions. and affection for her hero. But one can­ Father Bede Griffiths's attempt to not hide the feeling that the dream of translate his dream into reality-span­ transplanting Christian monasticism to Klaus K. Klostermaier teaches in theDepartment ning altogether over forty years by India and grafting it onto the tree of of Religion, Universityof Manitoba, Winnipeg, now-proved to be much more difficult Indian samnyasa has failed. Canada. than either he or the reader of this book -Klaus K. Klostermaier

The Sanskrit Grammar and the history of his Sanskrit manuscripts Manuscripts of Father Heinrich (pp. 5-12); Richard Hauschild's notes Roth S.J. (1620-1668). Facsimile on the contents of Roth's manuscripts edition of Biblioteca Nazionale, (pp. 13-19), translated and revised by Jean-Claude Muller; Bruno Zimmels's Rome, Mss. Or. 171 and 172. list of Roth's letters, reports, and man­ uscripts, translated and revised by A. With an introduction byArnulfCamps and Camps (pp. 20-22); and a bibiography Jean-Claude Muller. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988. Pp. 208. Gld. 80. r_17v); This volume contains facsimilies of 172, fols. 1 and Sadananda's Ve­ George Cardona, Professor of Linguistics at the three manuscripts: Roth's diintasiira with Roth's comments (Ms. University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, is Grammatica r-34r). linguae Sanscretanae Brachmanum Indiae Or. 172, fols. 18 These are pre­ theauthorof various worksin Indo-Aryan, with v); Orientalis (Ms. Or. 171, fols. 1r-48 ceded by Arnulf Camp's introduction particular interest in Indian grammatical tra­ Veftidatta's Pancataitoaprakasa (Ms. Or. (pp. 1-3) and an article on Roth and ditions.

132 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH on Heinrich Roth (pp. 23-25) by Jean­ tnitsoariteta ubhe) saying that both ac­ which says simply uartamane and gives Claude Muller. tive and middle endings may follow the endings ti, and so forth. The Sid­ The manuscript of Roth's verbs marked with fz or a svarita vowel. dhantacandrika mentions that these "Sanskrit Grammar" is the most in­ The rule occurs in the Sarasvatavy­ are referred to by the name fat. Also teresting work included in this book; akarana, Equally clearly, the source for interesting, as possibly showing r the manuscript's history, from its com­ the quotation (fol. 22 ) saying that at­ Roth's background, is his use of certain r position between 1660 and 1662 to its manepada and parasmaipada suffixes terminology, such as (fol. 22 ) intran­ rediscovery in 1967, makes fascinating respectively occur if the result of an sitivum, transitivum for Sanskrit iitma­ reading. The work itself is also of con­ action is directed to the agent and nepadin, parasmaipadin, used of verbs siderable interest for what it reveals someone else is Anubhutisvarupacar­ that take middle and active endings re­ about Roth's sources and knowledge ya's comments on the rule just cited. spectively. The facsimile of Roth's of Sanskrit grammar. Hauschild says Roth probably also consulted the Sid­ grammar makes me look forward with (p. 13b) that Roth probably depended dhantacandrika commentary on the considerable anticipation to the final on the Sarasvatavyakarafia, indeed the Sarasvatavyakarana. He quotes (fol. edition and editorial notes concerning most probable source of Roth's infor­ 24r) oartamane fat, a Paninian siitra, not this fine piece of work by a pioneer. r mation. Thus he quotes (fol. 22 ) a rule a rule from the Sarasvatavyakarana, -George Cardona

Religion and Politics in Korea under the Japanese Rule. All told, this is a valuable contri­ bution to the history of religions in modem Korea. Unfortunately, the book By Wi Jo Kang. Lewiston, N. Y.: Edwin has numerous typographic errors, Mellen Press, 1987. Pp. x, 113. $39.95. which can be annoying, as for instance on page 7, where 1/1938" should Some subjects lend themselves to pro­ with the Japanese rulers, while the Ro­ have been "1398." Some careful pagandistic treatments, and the tragic man Catholics experienced fewer ten­ proofreading could have eliminated story of religion and politics in Korea sions. Kang concludes: "The Roman these distractions from what is other­ under the Japanese colonial adminis­ Catholics in Korea generally enjoyed tration from 1905 to 1945 makes pos­ steady growth after the Japanese an­ wise a fine study. -James M. Phillips sible such a telling. Fortunately, this nexation and had fewer conflicts with study by Wi [o Kang, professor of mis­ the Japanese administration. The Ro­ sions at Wartburg Theological Semi­ man Church in Korea was not as strong nary in Dubuque, Iowa, is a balanced as the Protestant Church and lacked treatment of this intensely controver­ the Protestants' ability to actively con­ sial subject. Because a proper under­ front the Government" (p. 37). Theo­ Responding creatively to the standing of the events of this period is logically, things were made smoother needs of Furloughed and Return­ crucial for any interpretation of the his­ for Catholics throughout the Japanese ing Missionaries is the hallmark tory of religion in Korea, and particu­ empire by the decision of the Sacred of Catholic Theological Union's larly the history of Christianity, we are Congregation for the Propagation of the (CTU) Mission Program. CTU fortunate in having this even-handed Faith in 1936 to accept the Japanese Mission courses are presented study to cover what has hitherto been government's interpretation that par­ from a global perspective, within a relatively neglected era of modern ticipation in Shinto rites was nonreli­ a cross-cultural environment. Korean religious history. gious and therefore could be carried After a brief introductory chapter out by Catholics (p. 37). For Protes­ Our Hyde Park location allows stu­ on Korea's religions, Kang launches into tants, and especially for Presbyterians, dents to experience ministry within what is the centerpiece of his study, these rites were generally held to be an urban context. Creative mis­ "Christianity and Japanese Poli­ idolatrous, and severe conflicts ensued siologists include: tics." The major problem that he tack­ before the Presbyterian church's Gen­ Stephen Bevans, SVD Archimedes Fornasari, MCCJ les is why Christianity (as well as the eral Assembly finally buckled under the Anthony Gittins, CSSp John Kaserow, MM Korean indigenous religion of Chon­ pressures. These events bear interest­ Michael Kirwen, MM Jamie Phelps, OP dogyo) became such a thorn in the flesh ing parallels with the tensions between Ana Maria Pineda, SM Robert Schreiter, CPPS of the Japanese colonial rulers, when Korean Christians and the South Ko­ FALL MISSION INTENSIVE: Buddhism and Confucianism caused rean governments in the 1970s and them very few problems. The account 1980s, when both Catholics and Prot­ Conducted by Claude·Marie Barbour andEleanor Doidge, WB estants provided both protesters against - Theory and experience integration provides an overview of the main events - Individualized 10 week program of the story, and generally manages to and cooperators with the government. - Cross-cultural training give the Japanese credit when that is By way of contrast, Kang shows, due, as well as to paint the darker side Korean Buddhism did not offer much PROGRAMS OFFERED: of the picture. resistance to Japanese colonial rule, but - Degrees and Certificates Another fascinating question with was actually helped by Japanese poli­ - Continuing Education which Kang wrestles is why Korean cies that encouraged Buddhists to carry - Day, Evening and Weekend Courses Protestants, and Presbyterians in par­ out religious work in the cities, and not ticular, were frequently at loggerheads just in isolated rural areas where the CONI'ACf: Lawrence Nemer, SVD famous old Buddhist temples were lo­ Director of World Mission Program James M. Phillips, Associate Director of the cated. Confucianism, was weakest of CATHOUC THEOWGICAL UNION Overseas Ministries Study Center in New Ha­all, .reports Kang, while the indigenous 5401 South Cornell - IBMR ven, Connecticut, served as a Presbyterian mis­religion of Chondogyo offered the Chicago, Illinois 60615 sionary in Korea (1949-52) andin Japan (1959­ strongest resistance to Japanese rule, (312) 324-8000 75). and accordingly suffered the most.

JULY 1990 133 With Passion and Compassion: ical reflections in this volume constitute Third World Women Doing powerful statements of faith that chal­ Theology. lenge the existing patriarchal struc­ tures. Spirituality is articulated in Edited by Virginia Fabella and Mercy relation to the path of Jesus Christ, the Amba Oduyoye. Maryknoll, N. Y:: Orbis true liberator of the oppressed and the Books, 1988. Pp. xv, 192. Paperback suffering. This point is highlighted in $11.95. the context of the utter poverty that women undergo in the third world. A significant collection of original es­ tion of Third World Theologians, in One of the special features of the says, With Passion and Compassion pro­ 1981. The topics discussed include: methodology is that it takes women's vides an outline of the common Bible, Christology, ecclesiology, spir­ experience of struggle and multiple struggle of third-world women to forge ituality, and the methodology of oppression more seriously than the ac­ their own liberative theology. The con­ women doing theology. The three ademic input. tributors to this volume include lead­ divisions of the book are made accord­ The papers presented bear the im­ ing Roman Catholic and Protestant ing to the continental contributions­ print of personal and collective com­ women theologians.and church lead­ Africa, Asia, and Latin America-and passion. "Passionate compassion," ers who are engaged in the emanci­ the subjects in each are presented in a an unavoidable moral quality of jus­ patory role of women. A common thematic fashion. tice, is not an ideal to be fulfilled, but feature of the history of third-world Third-world women envision a a balance of complexities to be countries is that it is grounded in pa­ new church emerging from the Bible. achieved. Jesus Christ, a man of pas­ triarchy, colonialism, and missionary They strongly believe that the Bible sion, stands with women for their self­ paternalism, which has led to the den­ needs to be reread and reinterpreted affirmation and dignity. ial of the full humanity of women in with feminine eyes and that a feminine The emphasis on "partner­ Asia, Africa, and Latin America. interpretation is indispensable as a bal­ ship" between man and woman rooted The papers presented in this vol­ ance to the masculine. They also be­ in the principle of mutuality without ume have come from a process that lieve that there is need for developing discrimination on the basis of God­ began in New Delhi, India, at the first a theology of God as Mother to com­ given sex differentiation, found in a assembly of the Ecumenical Associa- plement and balance that of God as few papers, is worth noting, and this Father, since neither is meant to con­ may be taken as a special contribution note biological realities but to approx­ on the part of third-world women the­ imate our affirmation that God is the ologians. source of life. This is a book worth reading for Leelamma Athyal, a former lecturer in system­ Spirituality is expressed in faith, anyone seriously engaged in the mis­ atic theology at Bishop's College, Calcutta, is which originates and develops in the sion of the. church in the contemporary doing her D. Th. research at the Senate of Set­ context of struggles to overcome world. ampore College, India. oppressions. Accordingly, the theolog­ -Leelamma Athyal

Jesus and Marx: From Gospel to but the adoption of slogans from its Ideology. literature plus romantic identification with the praxis of its movement. He By Jacques Ellul. Translated by Joyce Main finds in their theologies refusal to face Hanks. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. the transcendent judgment of God on Eerdmans Publishing Co., 1988. Pp. xvi, the sin that is part of all human insti­ 187. Paperback $12.95. tutions and causes. Concern for the poor is a biblical command; to treat the In this book Jacques Ellul is in his best miliar everywhere. As an old Marxist, poor as bearers of salvation is idola­ polemical style. The theme that unites he recognizes the real challenge that trous. To respond to the saving word this collection of essays and comments the Marxist movement presents to of God is liberating faith; to test divine is the critique of a wide variety of Christianity: the struggle for justice, truth by its service to human self-lib­ Christian ideologies, most of them on concern for the poor, the union of the­ eration is ideology. To depend on the the left but a few on the right, and a ory and praxis, involvement with ma­ coming victory of the powerless cru­ vigorous defense of the revolutionary terial reality, and a militant communal cified Christ in this world is Christian iconoclasm of the word of God and its spirit. The translator in fact suggests hope (for this reason, he says, all vision of the kingdom breaking into in her preface that the sharpness of Christians should basically be anarch­ human history. Ellul's polemic reflects his own wres­ ists); to find the saving power of God The objects of Ellul's analysis are tling with this challenge. Marx's ex­ in human power, whether of the state mostly French, but the types are fa- posure of the ideology in Christian or of the people's revolution, is human theology and church life is Ellul's religion and false confidence. Marxism premise. For this very reason, how­ is such a human religion. True Marx­ ever, he takes the field against expres­ ists, however, do not deceive them­ Charles C. West, Professor of Christian Ethics sions of the gospel in terms of new selves and others by mixing the biblical at Princeton Theological Seminary, served as a pseudo-Marxist ideologies. God with their humanist faith. missionary in China(1947-50), fraternal worker Ellul's polemic is a double-edged All of this is vintage Ellul. This in Mainz and Berlin, Germany (1950-53), and sword. He discerns in most of his op­ book is a continuation of his lifetime associate director of the Ecumenical Institute, ponents not a full-blooded Marxism themes into new debates with "hor- Bossey, Switzerland (1956-61).

134 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH izontal th eology," "materialist read­ amo ng the Cherokee an d some so uth­ This volume mig ht have been im­ ing of th e gos pe ls," "i nduc tive th e­ western tribes, d ur ing w hich time he pro ved by a di scu ssion of historical un­ ology," and othe r in novations on th e came to kn ow and learn fro m seve ral dersta n d ing o f "wha t is going French sce ne. For th is reason, his ar­ pro fessional anthrop ologist s. Upon his forw ard " of value for the future, and gume nt is so me times hard to follow. return to Ca na da, accordi ng to Nock, thus ma de so me advance beyond th e We are reading only one side of th e Wilso n publish ed a numb er of pam­ proli feration of h istorical mission cri­ di al o gue : the rebuttal. The w riters phlet s defendin g nat ive rights to cu l­ tiq ues. In additio n, it is am biva lent who m he refutes- Chap uis, Belo, Cas­ tu ral sovereignty, under th e pen name about th e place of nat ive (" heathe n," alis, and others-are not available in of Fair Play. The book contai ns ap­ as Wilso n put it) religion as a compo­ Eng lish . Despite th is, th e book is help­ pendices with exa mples of th ese pa­ nent of culture. No ne the less , it is still ful as an episode in a great ecu me nical pers, a lo n g with Venn's excellent a we ll-w ritte n w ork deserving a place debat e in th e context of France, seen memoir o f 1868, se tting for th h is in m ission libraries. th rough th e eyes of a ve teran comba t­ tho ug ht on cult ural synthesis. - Ca rl F. Starkloff, S.J. an t w ho, to th e end, break s out of every category into w hich we place him . -Cha rles C. West

A Victorian Missionary and Canadian Indian Policy: Cultural "A bold and major Synthesis vs. Cultural Replacement. step forward .. ."* By David A . Nock. Waterloo, Ontario: What is the Christian Wilfred Laurier Univ. Press , and Atlantic message in a society Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press , 1988. marked by religious plu­ Pp. x, 194. Paperback $17.50. ralism, ethnic diversity and cultural relativism? Edward Francis Wilson was an Ang li­ In this book Lesslie can missionary w ho came to Cana da in 1868 under the commissi on of the Newbigin, a distin­ Ch urch Missionary Society and th e guished Christian leader great H en ry Venn . This book is an ac­ and ecumenical figure, count of Wilson's ministerial and in­ provides a brilliant analy­ tellectual pilgrimage, especially in his sis of contemporary cul­ th ought on mission ary policy. Wilson , ture and suggests how like a number of other zealous evan­ ge licals, be gan by ignoring th e ad­ Christians can more con­ vanced cultural-religious cou nsels of fidently affirm their faith Venn, who advo cated a praxis of cul­ in such a context. tural syn thesis, th at is, th e grad ua l and crea tive interaction betw een host and "While by no means missionary cultures. Thus did Wilson the last word on the spe nd th e firs t porti on of his ministry subject , Lesslie Newbigin as principal of tw o differ ent residential has made a bold and scho ols, whose policy was to purge major step forward in th oroughly Indian chi ldre n of all traces the debate on Chris­ of native id entity. The reader may rea d tianity, pluralism and an excellent firs t-ha nd account of suc h a school in Oj ibway Basil Johnston 's Western self-under­ Indian School Days. standing. This work Wilson came grad ua lly to see th e should be welcomed as damage thi s " replacemen t" prac ­ a precise formulation of tice an d th eory did to nati ve children . problems that continue He was converted to Venn's ideas by to perplex and trouble hi s own lengthy travel s so u thward the West." - Lamin Sanneh in The Christian Century* Carl F. Starkloff. S.f. , is Associate Professor of Pastoral and SystematicTheology in Regis Col­ lege, Toro nto School of Theology. He has worked At your bookstore, or call 800 ·633·9326 among the Arapaho and Shoshone tribes in the In Michigan, call collect 616·459· 459 1 0 29 1~ WM. B. EERDMANS United States, and is now an instructor for na­ FAX 6 16·459·6540 _ I\~ PUBLISHING CO. tive ministry formation at Anishinabe Spiritual '55 JEFFERSON AYE.S.E. / GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. +9503 Centre at Anderson Lake, Ontario.

JULY 1990 135 Le Dieu qui vient: La mission dans la Bible.

By Lucien Legrand. Paris: Desclee, 1988. between "mission in the Bible" and Pp. 235. Paperback French fro 128. "mission today." Of course, there are many forms of mission in the Bible This book is a splendid contribution to voted to the Old Testament, the second and, as such, diversity is always legit­ the biblical theology of mission. It to the message of Jesus, the third to imate. The main point, however, ac­ comes from Bangalore, India, where the early church in mission, the fourth cording to Legrand, is the theocentric Father Legrand teaches Holy Scripture to conclusions and questions. There is emphasis of the Bible, not exactly in at St. Peter's Pontifical Seminary and a short bibliography and an index of the sense of the famous theology of the where he cares for the publication of biblical quotations. missio Dei (mission of God), but more the excellent quarterly Indian Theologi­ When compared with the other precisely in the sense that mission is cal Studies. Actually many preliminary big Roman Catholic contribution in the marching toward God, who is coming studies for the present book have al­ field, The Biblical Foundations for Mis­ to God's people. Mission is not only ready come out there in English. Here sions, by D. Senior and C. Stuhlmuller sending, but also calling back to the we have the final sheaf, the product of (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 1983), center, to the depth of God's power a mature biblical scholar, perfectly at Legrand's book stands out by a greater and God's wisdom. Mission is not only home in the world of international re-, attention to exegetical details and a proclaiming the word of God and tak­ search in the subject. greater independence from current ing action on God's behalf, but also The first part of the book is de- missionary discussions, for example, "listening to his silence" (Ignatius about the policy of inculturation or dia­ to the Ephesians, 15:2, quoted p. 209) logue with people of other faiths. He in prayer and in joyous hope of the sees mission in the Bible within the eschatological plenitude. Marc R. Spindler is Director of the Department framework of a developing history of The present reviewer discerns in of Missiology, Interuniversity InstituteforMis­ salvation where, of course, Israel has Legrand's final thrust the double influ­ siological and Ecu111en ical Research, Leiden, a central place but where the gentiles ence of the Indian religious context and Netherlands, and Associate Professor of Mis­ have also received their place through of the French school of spirituality il­ siology and Ecumenics at the State University Jesus Christ. He does not look for bibli­ lustrated in India by Father Jules ofLeiden. A French Reformed minister, heserved cal justification of past and present Monchanin and Dom Le Saux (Abhi­ in Madagascar from 1961 to 1973. In recent missionary policies, but refreshingly shiktananda). We are greatly indebted years he has been involved in the study project exposes the bias that has crept into the to Father Legrand for his unique com­ of the International Association for Mission interpretation of many biblical pas­ bination of sound scholarship and Studies on Biblical Studies and Missiology sages used in missiological discus­ deep spirituality. (BISAM). sions. He clearly states the difference -Marc R. Spindler

A Guide to Christian Churches in the Middle East: Present-day Christianity in the Middle East and North Africa. explosive issues. They expect western Christians to be informed, under­ By Norman A. Horner. Elkhart, Ind.:Mis­ standing, and supportive. sion Focus Publications (Box 370), 1989. Dr. Horner also describes a unique Pp. 128. Paperback $6.00. and dynamic ecumenical situation among the churches. Probably no other The author is well qualified to prepare It Began: A Survey of Contemporary area of the world has the same inter­ this unique and invaluable guide to the Churches in theMiddle Eastand Ethiopia. connectedness of ancient Christian tra­ origins, characteristics, membership, In 1983 he undertook extensive travel ditions. In that network churches are geographical distribution, and rela­ and research to update his material and developing new relationships to one tionships of the various Christian com­ add to it. another, as well as to their social and munions in the Middle East. For several This concise handbook packages a political environment. That dynamism years he lived and traveled in the Mid­ wealth of information on the variety of is described in the closing chapter, dle East, becoming personally ac­ Orthodox, Protestant, and Catholic "The Churches in Today's Region­ quainted with the various eastern churches bordering the Mediterranean Wide Turmoil." churches. In 1974 the Near East Coun­ east and south. Eastern churches show This modest treatment is a useful cil of Churches published his lID-page a vitality surprising to American Chris­ guide for anyone studying Christianity booklet, Rediscovering Christianity Where tians. Many churchgoers assume that in the Middle East or traveling there. Christianity faded from the Middle East It can open a new window of under­ with the end of the Crusades. Many standing. Though further changes have do not know; for example, that a sig­ occurred since the manuscript was Benjamin M. Weir is Professor of Evangelism nificant percentage of Palestinians are completed in 1986, it is still the best and Mission at San Francisco Theological Sem­ Christians, or that Lebanon's Christian and only adequate treatment of the inary (California). He was a Presbyterian mis­ element, about 40 percent of today's topic, with a good bibliography. sionary in Lebanon and Syria, and liaison with population, comprises a variety of tra­ -Benjamin M. Weir theArabic- andArmenian-speaking churches from ditions and viewpoints. Eastern Chris­ 1953 to 1984. Hewasa hostage ofMuslim Shiite tians face complicated and often extremists for sixteen months.

136 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Ancestor Worship and .Breakthrough: The Emergence of Christianity in Korea. the Ecumenical Tradition.

Edited by [ung Young Lee. Lewiston, N.Y: By Robert S. Bilheimer. Grand Rapids, Edwin Mellen Press, 1988. Pp. 94. Mich. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co., $39.95. and Geneva, Switzerland: World Council of Churches Publications, 1989. Pp. 235. This book consists of seven essays of Paperback $17.95. which some were presented at the Consultation on Korean Religions, This Aide-Memoire to ecumenical his­ more intimate insight into the vision, held in 1983 at the annual meeting of tory of the 1939 to 1963 period is writ­ challenge, and problems of the evolv­ the American Academy of Religion, in ten by the person who has as much or ing World Council of Churches as any- Dallas, and others in Taipei at the 1983 Consultation on Christian Presence to Ancestor Practice. The writers are all Koreans who are actively involved in academic cir­ cles nationally and internationally in the field of religions and Christian the­ You r "Third CuIture" ology. Their theme is very timely be­ cause of the diverse opinions and Kids Are Special reactions in Korean churches regard­ ing traditional ancestor rites. The book Nurturing and Educating Missionary treats ancestor worship from the per­ Kids and Other Children spectives of Korean tradition, Korean church history, Confucianism and Ca­ in Cross-Cultural Situations tholicism, modernization, family life, and from the theological perspective. October 22-26, 1990 The contributors suggest positive Overseas Ministries Study Center and creative adjustments toward New Haven, Connecticut ancestor worship in Korea in order to revitalize the traditional cultural aspect of it, and at the same time to transform A Seminar for parents, teachers, and mission executives concerned with its character. As Jung Young Lee points the challenges of nurturing and educating "third culture" children. Con­ out, "What we need to do with the ducted by Dr. Delanna O'Brien and Mrs. Shirley Torstrick of INTERFACES~ practice of ancestor worship is to retain it as a cultural and ethical heritage Registration: $90 while at the same time nullifying its Rooms and Meals: $116 double occupancy, $136 single idolatrous character" (p. 88). Wi Jo (Monday afternoon through Friday noon) Kang proposes a model of eucharistic service for use in Christian homes to Other programs at OMSC this fall: be led by the head of the family upon • Sept. 19-20: Howto Prepare Grant Proposalsfor Overseas Projects occasions for remembering ancestors • Sept. 25-28: Mission Trends Toward Century 21, Gerald H. Anderson of the family (p. 75). • Oct.-2-5: The Bible in Mission and Mission in the Bible, Samuel Moffett Yet the writers stress concern and • Oct. 8-12: Effective Communicationwith the Folks BackHome caution about including ancestor wor­ ship in the formal worship life of Ko­ (a writing workshop), Robert 1: Coote rean Christians. One can appreciate • Oct. 29-Nov. 2: Christiansand Muslims as Neighbors: Presence, that the authors are struggling with the Dialogue, and Witness, David A. Kerr issues. Bong-Ho Son writes, • Nov. 6-9: Gospel and Culture: Missions in CreativeTension, "Whether Korean Christians G. Linwood Barney (OMSC Senior Mission Scholar in Residence) should object to the ancestral rites in • Nov. 12-16: African Christianity: Problems and Promise, Adrian Hastings this diluted form has to be carefully • Nov. 27-30:Mission under Authoritarian Governments, JamesM. Phillips studied.... Ancestor worship should • Dec. 3-7: TheUniqueness ofChristand Religious Pluralism: Saphir Athyal be examined not only in terms of the ~- Second commandment but also in ------_ ...------terms of the Fifth" (p. 70). There is Dear Friends at OMSC: Pleasesend much insight to draw out from this o More information on ''Third Culture Kids" Seminar very provocative book. o More information on these seminars: -Chun Chae Ok

Name _ Chun Chae Ok is Professor of Missiology, De­ partment of Christian Studies, Ewha Woman's Address _ University, Seoul, Korea. City/StatelZip -- _ Mail to OverseasMinistries StudyCenter;490 ProspectSt., New·Haven, CT 06511 *INTERFACES (International Familyand Children's EducationServices)

JULY 1990 137 one now living. Robert S. Bilheimer, The Triune God, the Lordship of If I were now serving as General as Associate General Secretary of the Christ, and the church as the Body of Secretary of the WCC, I would insist . World Council of Churches (i.e, Chief Christ form the theological center and upon two things: first, that in addition of Staff to W. A. Visser't Hooft), prior major passion of Bilheimer's ecumen­ to the standard and comprehensive to coming to Geneva in 1948had served ical commitment ("career" would histories of the ecumenical movement, as leader in both the Interseminary and be too superficial a designation). The each new WCC staff member be re­ Student Volunteer Movements. At the church as the Body of Christ is, I gather, quired to read this book and, second, WCC he served as Visser't Hooft's or­ for Bilheimer the conviction that sus­ that Bilheimer be called back to chair ganizer of assemblies and conferences, tained him through the endless meet­ a WCC Conference on "The Future as troubleshooter and emissary. Year ings and dilemmas of those years as of the WCC." after year, often taking the minutes, he churches, cultures, and personalities -Walter D. Wagoner worked within the ecumenical pan­ sought to find a powerful new unity theon. His profiles of leaders such as in God and Christ. John Mackay, John R. Mott, Henry P. These words of the writer are a Van Dusen, Robert Mackie, Paul resounding conclusion to this intrigu­ Walter D. Wagoner, a minister of the United Abrecht, M. M. Thomas, D. T. Niles, ing book: " ... the ecumenically Church of Christ, attended both the Evanston Kathleen Bliss, Frederick Nolde, Ma­ oriented Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and New Delhiassemblies of the WCC. In ad­ deleine Barot and, most of all, Visser Anglican and Protestant Christians have dition to parish ministries, he also served as di­ 't Hooft are priceless for those who wish more in common with one another than rector of the Rockefeller Brothers Program in to understand the dynamics of power they have with the non-ecumenically Theological Education, andasdirector oftheBos­ and personality that brought into being oriented persons and institutions within ton Theological Institute. and guided the WCC. their own confessions" (p. 220).

Missions and Missionaries in the tween "a missionary's public role Pacific. and private life" (p. 66). Commitment to family in regard to ministry affects Edited by Char Miller. New York: Edwin conversions, as well as personal suc­ Mellen Press, 1985. Pp. 125. $29.95. cess or failure of family members. to present a full picture of events in the Forman's thesis is in his title, This book is a compendium of articles largest of the world's culture areas dur­ "Playing Catch-Up Ball: The His­ by three professors of history 0ames ing the transition from neo- to post­ tory of Financial Dependence in Pacific A. Boutilier, Royal Roads Military Col­ colonialism. Island Churches." In reality, Pacific lege, Canada; Char Miller, Trinity Uni­ Boutilier focuses on conversion and churches have been more financially versity, Texas; and Charles W. Forman, missionaries as agents of change in independent than most regions, and Yale University, recently retired). They "We Fear Not for the Ultimate islanders provided an early model for discuss three issues pertinent to mis­ Triumph: Factors Affecting the Con­ local mission outreach. As the expense sionary enterprise in the Pacific: con­ version Phase of Nineteenth-Century of modernity and internationalization version, family relationships, and Missionary Enterprises." Beyond the impacts churches, however, "the financial independence. By taking a spiritual endeavor, missionaries were policies of their founding missions" historical approach, the authors are able not so very different from other entre­ condition their attitude with respect to preneurs, colonial masters, beachcom­ finances (p. 109). bers, and other outsiders. Pressures for Despite the poor-yet-expensive change from outside confronted local packaging (computer-printout format, belief systems and often precipitated typos, and repetitions), these timely, R. Daniel Shaw served with the Summer Insti­ conversion. As today, missionary at­ well-researched articles present the tute of Linguistics in Papua New Guinea for titudes largely affected local response. communication premise that presenter twelve years. He now directs the Bible Trans­ In "Domestically Abroad: Work attitudes affect recipient response. The lation Program at the School of World Mission and Family in the Sandwich Island title belies the wealth of ideas con­ at Fuller Theological Seminary and teaches ex­ Mission, 1820-1840," Miller uses a case tained in the pages of this book. tension courses in Melanesia. study to demonstrate the tension be­ -R. Daniel Shaw

New Religious Movements in ments (NRM) at the grassroots level Nigeria. should be encouraged, and the editor herself has done significant work. Edited byRosalind I. J. Hackett. Lewiston, Studies in the book include aspects of N. Y.: Edwin Mellen Press, 1987. Pp. xvi, traditional religions, Islamic millenar- 245. $59.95.

This fifth volume in the African Studies at the University of Tennessee, brings Gerhardus C. Oosthuizen in Durban, SouthAf­ series of Edwin Mellen Press is con­ together case studies on the new reli­ rica, has served as Professor in the Department cerned with basic realities of the phe­ gious movements by eight contribu­ of Science of Religion at the University of Dur­ nomenon under discussion. The editor, tors, including herself, of whom only ban-Westville and was formerly head of the De­ who has done excellent work on reli­ two are not Nigerians. partment of Theology at the University of Fort gious life in West Africa and teaches Studies of new religious move­ Hare, South Africa.

138 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH ianism, and the Mahdist tradition in "Spiritual Churches" is high­ situations, reveal "this worldly Nigeria; a phenomenological study of lighted-women derive obvious psy­ pragmatism," as the editor indicates; the beliefs of an indigenous church as chological and sociologicalbenefits from they give scope for the development well as a sociological analysis of the being members of these churches; a of spiritual powers; they are sociopol­ growth and change in this church; as­ contribution on the public response­ itically conservative but make a distinct pects of the Aladura movement, with varied, complex, and often paradoxi­ contribution through their symbolism, its readiness to adapt to the Nigerian cal-is also significant, as much has to liturgy, prayer, and healing. This is a existential situation, are analyzed; a change in the so-called historic reli­ movement of self-determination. mass movement is historically sur­ gious attitudes toward the NRM. These studies are of great value veyed; an independent church with This book of case studies meets and should serve as models for the type great emphasis on the parousia re­ the new religious situation at the grass­ of research that needs to be done on ceives special attention; a study on roots level. One gets the impression the new religious movements. schism and religious independency in that in spite of diversity there is an -G. C. Oosthuizen Nigeria shows the various phases in underlying unity. Furthermore, these this process; the role of women in the movements having originated in crisis

The Moral Nation: istration, not even Carter's, believed Humanitarianism and U.S. there was a moral obligation based on Foreign Policy Today. justice to restructure international eco­ nomics for the benefit of the poorer Edited by Bruce Nichols and Gil Loescher. nations" (p. 66). Notre Dame, Ind.: Univ. of Notre Dame Press, 1989. Pp. 321. $29.95. Yet there is much in the book that is worth careful consideration. This re­ At the outset, the very title of this book There are four main sections: viewer found the following essays es­ sets one's teeth on edge. The United "The Humanitarian Ethic in U.S. pecially valuable: (1) Henry Shue's States as "the moral nation"? By Foreign Policy," with two essays taking "Morality, Politics, and Humanitar­ whose judgment? On the basis of what sharply divergent perspectives on ian Assistance," which introduces criteria? In spite of Vietnam, Central whether humanitarian action should three aspects of morality (constraints, America, the growing mass of home­ be based on universalist or nationalist mandates, and ideals), and examines less and imprisoned? Certainly some principles; "Humanitarianism: Po­ degree of humility would be appro­ litical Constraints and Legal Protec­ Faculty Position priate. It is this very air of self-right­ tions," which examines the political eousness that offends so many in other and legal factors that often overwhelm Evangelism and nations. Yet as the book proceeds, one the best humanitarian efforts; then two Global Mission gains the impression that the title is sections that are case studies of U.S. given somewhat with tongue in cheek, government and nongovernment hu­ for what is set forth is the ongoing manitarian efforts in highly controver­ Louisville Presbyterian struggle between humanitarianism sial situations, Central America and Theological Seminary is seek­ and U.S. foreign policy, with moralism the Horn of Africa. ing a faculty member to teach in very often cloaking narrow national­ The parameters of the book are thefield ofevangelismand global istic realpolitik, which may ultimately various dimensions of humanitarian mission. Applicants should have work to the detriment of those who are relief (disaster, famine, emergency, the objects of U.S. humanitarianism, refugee, war), namely, provision of as­ a Ph.D. Applicationswill also be both public and private. sistance to victims of natural or polit­ considered from doctoral candi­ The book is a collection of essays ical disasters. There is no attempt to dates who are in the final stages written by a wide range of contribu­ struggle with the concept of develop­ oftheirwork. Applicationsfrom tors, including three political scien­ ment, which has been the key word in women and from minority ra­ tists, a journalist, an ethicist, a jurist, so much humanitarian assistance in cial-ethnic candidates are espe­ an activist, an anthropologist, a dis­ the post-World War II period. By fo­ aster relief specialist, and an assort­ cusing on relief, the book fails to come cially encouraged. Rank and ment of government and non­ to grips with the most difficult moral tenure are negotiable on the government agency executives. (One question: Should developed nations basisofexperience; appointment misses the contribution of a seasoned help developing nations to develop, will begin in the fall of 1991. churchman or theologian, who could when (1) developed nations have par­ Louisville Seminary follows seriously address the theological roots ticipated in causing the underdevel­ out of which so much U.S. humani­ opment, and (2) such assistance, if EEO guidelines and affirmative tarianism ostensibly comes.) effective, in time would bring those na­ action procedures. Send dossi­ tions into a position of increased com­ ers andthenames andaddresses petition and lead toward a reduction of at least three references to James A. Cogswell is a retired Presbyterian min­ in the inequitable distribution of the .PresidentJohnM.Mulder,1044 ister who has served as a missionary to Japan, world's limited resources? That moral Asia secretary, and director of the World Service question is not addressed here. The Alta Vista Road, Louisville, KY andWorld HungerProgram forthePresbyterian developing nations' call for a New In­ 40205. Full position descrip­ Church; and as associate general secretary for ternational Economic Order is men­ tions will be sent in return. Overseas Ministries of the National Council of tioned but once and dismissed with a Deadline: October 1, 1990. Churches, U.S.A. backhand flourish: "No U.S. admin­

JULY 1990 139 their relationship to "national in­ icy has played a major role both in cre­ Ethiopia's civil war. terest." (2) Peter Macalister-Smith's ating the refugee situation and in In spite of the shortcomings men­ " Humanitarian Action and Inter­ determining the refugee policies of tioned above, the book deserves the national Law, " which contains helpful those countries to which refugees have attention of Christian mission and re­ information regarding the present sta­ fled. (4) Jason W. Clay's "Ethiopian lief/development agencies, if for no tus of international law in relation to Famine and the Relief Agencies," a other reason than to understand better humanitarian action. (3) Gil Loescher's carefully reasoned and documented the sad state of confusion that now "Humanitarianism and Politics in account of how U.S. food assistance, prevails in humanitarian assistance Central America," a careful on-site administered by numerous U.S. relief vis-a-vis U.S. foreign policy. It con­ analysis of the political factors affecting agencies, actually aggravated the Ethi­ firms the conviction of this reviewer the refugee situation in three "re­ opian famine by aiding the Ethiopian that such agencies need first to be ceiving" countries (Mexico, Honduras, government in the forced resettlement "wise as serpents," recognizing Costa Rica) and how U.S. foreign pol­ of untold thousands in the midst of that all humanitarian efforts ultimately have political implications; and then, to clarify their own Christian motiva­ tion for undertaking such efforts, so as to know if and when to cooperate with governmental "humanitarian as­ sistance:' and when to stand proph­ etically against it and advocate such resistance as an essential aspect of Christian mission. -James A. Cogswell

The Dialogical Imperative: A Christian Reflection on Interfaith Encounter.

By David Lochhead . Maryknoll, N.Y.: Or­ bis Books, 1988. Pp. viii, 104. $24.95; paperback $12.95.

Professor Lochhead, who teaches at Vancouver School of Theology, is con­ ---.~ vinced that interfaith dialogue is es­ The Overseas Ministries Study Center announces the Doane Missionary sential and not optional for the church, Scholarships for 1991-92. Two $1,500 scholarships will be awarded to mission­ because dialogue is the right relation­ aries who apply for residence for eight months to a yearand who wish to earn the ship to the world as a whole. Mission OMSC "Certificate in Mission Studies ." The Certificate is based on participa­ is cosmic dialogue. Some, however, tion in fourteen or more Mission Seminars at OMSC and writing a paper reflec­ are not ready or presently capable of ting on the scholarship recipient's missionary experience in light ofthe studies dialogue and so "dialogue is either undertaken at OMSC. impossible or obligatory." There are great riches in this small book, espe­ Applicants must meet the following requirements: cially its new typology to replace the • Completion ofat least one term in overseas assignment old scheme of Exclusive/Inclusive/Plu­ • Endorsement by their mission agency raJist . Lochhead is keenly alert to so­ • Commitment to return overseas for another term ofservice ciological dimensions and proposes • Residence at OMSC for eight months to a year Isolation, Hostility, Competition, Part­ • Enrollment in OMSC Certificate in Mission Studies program nership, and Dialogue as the ruling The OMSC Certificate program allows ample time for regular deputation and character of different relationships. As family responsibilities. Families with children are welcome. OMSC's Doane in the ecumenical experience within Hall offers fully furnished apartments ranging up to three bedrooms in size. the churches, dialogue partners Applications should be submitted as furin advance as possible. As an alternative should meet as genuinely "other" to application for the 1991-92 academic year, applicants may apply for the 1992 to each other, without any insistence calendar year,so long asthe Certificate program requirement for participation in on a theological conversion as a pre­ at least fourteen Mission Seminars is met. Scholarship award will be distributed condition for dialogue. Here he is par­ on a monthly basisafter recipient isin residence. Application deadline : February ticularly critical of the theocentric 1, 1991. For application and further information, contact: school, who allege that it is impossible to enter dialogue with a high Chris- Gerald H. Anderson, Director Overseas Ministries Study Center 490 Prospect Street New Haven, Connecticut 06511 Christopher Lamb served asa missionary in Pak­ (203) 624-6672 istan, wasengaged in research into theChristian mission to Islam, and is now Community Re­ lations Adviserto the(Anglican) Diocese ofCov­ entry, based at Coventry Cathedral, England.

140 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH to logy that ha s predetermined th at parallels, for example, Su n Myung goo d a faith as the peaceful way of the Christ is the definitive criterion for Moon's Unification Church in the Ko­ Buddha" (p. 224). One misses, in these conception s of God. In particular he rean Christian and Buddhist environ­ ge nerous and candid mu sin gs, any argues that Karl Barth was not op­ ment with an inde pe nde nt churc h in fresh suggestion of the grounds for such posed to interfaith dialogue but simply an African setting . judgme nts . uninterested in it, operating as he did Respect for hist orical evidence Parrinder rejects an exclusive view from a narrowly provincial Christian/ emerges as one of two ope rative norms of the truth of Christian (or other) secular world. in Parrinder's evalu ation of compe ting teach ing as too domineer ing and too However, Lochhead has a No rth religious communities. British witches, closed to th e possibility of multiple or Atlantic provincialism of his own, even by this standa rd, do not warrant credit, ongoi ng revelation . He rejects a plu­ asking whether or not Christians can because the y have exaggerated th eir ralist view as tending toward eithe r in­ " w o rs h ip God using the name linkage to pre-Christian European re­ difference o r a n ill -info rm ed 'Allah' " without acknowledging ligious traditions. expectation that religion s can esca pe that some 10 million Arabic-speaking Parrinders othe r abso lute is re­ being influ en ced by one another. He is Christians do precisely that. What spe ct for th e life and liberty of othe rs. left with an inclusioist view, nam ely, does being "religiously bilingual" By thi s standard he is able to say that th at all other ways pass un awares but mea n in practice? Are not some a-priori " the religion of the ancien t Aztecs, compleme n tarily th rough the univer­ judgments about other faiths in ad­ who he ld up th e beating hearts of their sal Ch rist. The trouble is that th is the­ vance of genuine dia logue necessary? victims to the sun, was clearly not so oretical solutio n is not suppo rted by For Christian institutions continually receive requests fro m other faith bod­ ies to hire buildings, have acces s to pa ­ tients, make decisions about religious education, and so fort h. It is this po­ litical dimension that makes it difficult simply"to agree that "Dialogue is its MISSION IMPOSSIBLE? own justification." But this is a mar­ velously sugges tive book or, to use NOT AT MARYKNOLL SCHOOL OF THEOLOGY Lochhead's worlds, "a real warrant Grad uate and Professional programs thatpre pareyou to work for a better worl d to discern the spirits." - Christop her Lamb Joan Kellenberg Yu Lin Ka i USA • Nurse Ch ina· English Teacher "MST hasrecharged my "I wo uld like people to know batteries . , , It has about theded ication of given me tremendous MST to the causeof affirmation of my justice an d peace," experiences, , , Encountering World Religions: It has led Ketema Questions of Religious Truth . meto see Habtemarian, where theo­ OFM , logy and Capuchin By Geoffrey Parrinder. New York, N .Y. : Ethiopia Crossroad, and Edinburgh, Scotland: T & ministry meet:' Social and T Clark, 1987. Pp. vii, 232. No price Pastoral given. Patrick Worker Kunga'io "If you Only a respected student of the Tanzan ia want to Parish Priest world's religions could have permitted live your andTeacher faith , enroll himself the luxury of cleaning out his "MST has given atMSlit files in public, as Geoffrey Parrinder, mebetter skills is theonly emeritus professor of the comparative for mission . I school that study of religion at London University, will remember can provide seems to have done in thi s anecdotal , MST forits inclusion answers for of people of different thesituation I inconclusive volume. Parrinder, at th e backgrounds and cultures amworking in:' end of an adventuresome care er, mod­ and for its openness to the estly offers more questions than an­ rea lity of humanlife and history:' sw e rs , concerning the value to be att ached to int erreligious dialogue and I sh a re d devotions , approache s to Please sendmemore Name _ teaching the religious traditions o f information about MST's I programsin: Address _ I other pe ople, the degree to which truth I claim s in the several traditions can be [J Justice and Peace City I reconciled , and the right cond uct of D Cross-Cultural Ministry I Christian mis sion in the light of th e I am especially interested in: State Zip + 4 I foregoing. With sparkling ins igh t he D The MTh, Tel.(day) (evening) I D The MA I D The Advanced Certificate ~ Director of Admissions I in Justice and Peace ~, .. I Richard I.[ones is Assistant ProfessorofMission D The Advanced Certificate r' A Maryknoll School of Theology I and World Religions, Virginia Theological Sem­ in Hispanic Ministry . W Marykn oll, NY 10545-0304 U.S.A. inary, Alexandria , Virginia. He was an Epis­ L (914) 941-7590 ext. 229 JI copal missionary in Ecuador from 1972- 75.

JULY 1990 141 Parrinder's empirical work. In Islam, tians "can only" continue to bear Muslims "probably not" (p. 205). whose Scripture he has previously witness on the basis of the gospel rec- More frustrating guidance from the studied in detail, he finds no openness ord; yet as a practical matter they can study of religions for the practice of to the notion that God was in Jesus expect this witness to find acceptance Christian outreach would be hard to reconciling the world to himself on a chiefly among "idolaters and illiter- imagine. cross. ates." Theistic Hindus and Buddhists -Richard J. Jones Parrinder ends by reinforcing the are unlikely to respond; Jews should Christian missionary dilemma: Chris- "certainly not" be addressed, and

Dissertation Notices

Aigbe, Sunday Agbons. Kim, Man-Poong. Simmons, James Samuel, Jr. "The Prophetic Role of a Church "Faithfulness, Guilt, and Shame "An Inquiry into the Correlation in a Developing Economy: The Case in Women of the Yi Dynasty in between Theology and Mission as of The Assemblies of God in Korea: With Contemporary Illustrated in the History of the Nigeria." Illustrations and Implications for American Baptist Churches in the Ph.D. Pasadena, Calif.: Fuller Pastoral Care and Counseling in the U.S.A." Theological Seminary, 1989. Korean Church in the Republic of Th.D. Memphis, Tenn.: Mid-America Korea." Baptist Theological Seminary, 1989. Chea, Jose Luis. Th.D. Boston: Boston Univ. School of "The Process and the Theology, 1989. Sohmer, Sara Harrison. Implications of Change in the "'A Selection of Fundamentals': Guatemalan Catholic Church." Lee, Chun Kwan. The Intellectual Background of the Ph.D. Austin, Tex.: Univ. of Texas, "The Theology of Revival in the Melanesian Mission of the Church 1988. Chinese Christian Church, 190G-1949: of England, 185G-1914." Its Emergence and Impact." Ph.D. Honolulu: Univ. of Hawaii, 1988. Chiow, Samuel. Ph.D. Philadelphia, Pa.: Westminster "Religious Education and Reform Theological Seminary, 1988. Thompson, Michael 0.. in Chinese Missions: The Life and "The Holy Spirit and Human Work of Francis Wilson Price (1895- Noelliste, Dieumene E. Instrumentality in the Training of 1974)." "The Church and Human New Converts: An Evaluation of the Ph.D. Saint Louis, Missouri.: Saint Emancipation: A Critical Missiological Thought of Roland Louis Univ., 1988. Comparison of Liberation Theology Allen." and the Latin American Theological Ph.D. Mill Valley, Calif.: Golden Gate Davies, Ronald Edwin. Fraternity." Baptist Theological Seminary, 1989. "Prepare Ye the Way of the Lord: Ph.D. Evanston, Ill.: Garrett Evangelical The Missiological Thought and Seminary and Northwestern Univ., Widder, Keith Robert. Practice of Jonathan Edwards (1703- 1987. "Together as Family: Metis 1758)." Children's Response to Evangelical Ph.D. Pasadena, Calif.: Fuller Priest, Douglas D., Jr. Protestants at the Mackinaw Theological Seminary, 1989. "The Problem of Animal Sacrifice Mission, 1823-1837 (American among Maasai Christians." Indians, Michigan)." Desmiiher, Carol Marie. Ph.D. Pasadena, Calif.: Fuller Ph.D. East Lansing, Mich.: Michigan "From Calling to Career: Work Theological Seminary, 1989. State Univ., 1989. and Professional Identity among American Women Missionaries to Ramsey, Dwayne George. Wosh, Peter J. China, 190G-1950." "College Evangelists and Foreign "Bibles, Benevolence and Ph.D. Eugene, Ore.: Univ. of Oregon, Missions: The Student Volunteer Emerging Bureaucracy: The 1987. Movement, 1886-1920." Persistence of the American Bible Ph.D. Davis, Calif.: Univ. of California, Society." Efesoa Mokosso, Henry Teddy. 1988. Ph.D. New York: New York Univ., "The United Presbyterian 1988. Mission Enterprise in Cameroun, 1879-1957." Ph.D. Washington, D.C.: Howard Univ., 1987.

142 INTERNATIONALBULLETINOF MISSIONARY RESEARCH