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Book Reviews to April 8, 1928, Vol. 8, Addresses and Other Records, London 1928, "Provida Mater" (1947), the Motuproprio "Primo Feliciter" (1948), and pp. 197-200; quotation p. 197. the Instruction "Cum Sanctissimus" (1948); cf. }. Beyer,S.}. DeInstitutis 36. Rev. Chr. Becker, S.O.S., founded the "Missionsarztliches Insti­ Secularibus Documenta (Rome: Pontificiae Universitatis Gregorianae, tut," the first of its kind within the Catholic Church at Wiirzburg in 1962). 1922, and the "Catholic Medical Mission Board" was established 37. Cf. "The Healing Church," World Council Studies, no. 3. (1965); S. in Washington, D.C., that same year; again, it was Washington, D.C., G. Browne, "The Healing Church: An Ambiguous and Misleading where in 1925 the "Society of .Catholic Medical Missionaries" was Concept," In the Service of Medicine, no. 61 (April 1970). founded by Sr. Anna Dengel; the "Medical Missionaries of Mary" 38. M. Scheel, "Missionary Work and Healing," International Reoieui was founded in Drogheda, Ireland, by the nurse Mary Martin in 1937; of Missions (Iuly 1964), p. 271. cf. M. A. Mathis, C.S.C., "Medical Mission Vocation," in The 39. Cf. A. Marmorstein, "The Imitation of God (Imitatio Dei)" in The Ecclesiastical Reoieui (june 1934); P. Charles,S.}., Medical Missions: The Haggadah: Studies in JeuJish Theology, TheMarmorstein Memorial Volume, Necessity forMedical Missions, Their History, Development, and theMany ed. }. Rabbinovitz, Oxford: (Oxford University Press, 1950); H. }. Obstacles ToBeOvercome in Their Fulfillment (New York: America Press, Schoeps, "Von der Imitatio Dei zur Nachfolge Christi," in Aus 1949); A. Dengel, Mission for Samaritans: A Survey of Achievements and {ruhchristlicher Zeit, Religionsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen (Tiibingen: Opportunities in the Field of Catholic Medical Missions (Milwaukee: Bruce Mohr, 1950), pp. 286-301; A. Schulz, Nachfolgen und Nachahmen, Stu­ Publishing Co., 1945). The provisions for fostering medical mission(s) dien iiber das Verhiiltnis der neutestamentlichen Jungerschaft zur urchris­ on part of the church law, the CIC, were the Apostolic Constitution tlichen Vorbildethik (Munich: Kosel, 1962). Book Reviews Fields White unto Harvest: Charles F. Parham and the Missionary Origins of Pentecostalism. By James R. Goff, Jr. Fayetteville, Ark.: Univ. of Arkansas Press, 1988. Pp. ix, 263. $22.00; paperback $12.00. In recent years, scholarly studies of he returned to Kansas, rented a large apostolic faith) essentially as a mis­ Pentecostalism have appeared at an as­ home in Topeka, and advertised the sionary movement, it is amply evident tonishing rate. The movement's size opening of Bethel Bible College. There, that Parham did consider that tongues and diversity can no longer be ignored, in January 1901, he announced the full speech should facilitate evangelism. It and its worldwide impact is generally restoration of the apostolic faith in the seems equally clear, however, that he acknowledged. Yet much of the move­ end-times. The event that heralded the believed that Spirit baptism had es­ ment's story remains to be explored. restoration was the occurrence of chatological significance as the Goff's book addresses an obvious gap tongues speech among those of his fol­ 1/sealing of the Bride" that enabled by examining one of American Pen­ lowers who prayed for the baptism with participation in the much-anticipated tecostalism's pivotal characters, Charles the Holy Spirit. Parham proclaimed this secret rapture of the church. Parham Fox Parham. A controversial figure in as "Bible evidence" of the experi­ eventually brought his message to his day, Parham was ignored by many ence and concluded that his ministry Houston; from there, three of his black Pentecostals who preferred to believe embraced all the features of New Tes­ followers traveled to Los Angeles, and that God, not a man, had established tament Christianity. He set out to pro­ their efforts shortly made a rundown their movement. claim the apostolic faith and spent the mission on the city's Azusa Street the A native of Iowa, Parham spent rest of his life itinerating from his home hub of an emerging global revival. his formative years on the frontier in near Columbus, Kansas. Goff's book fills a large void in the south-central Kansas, where his res­ Goff painstakingly reconstructs story of Pentecostalism. Parham played . torationist message evolved out of pri­ Parham's life with constant attention a vital role as a founder---or progenitor, vate meditation on Scripture and to the cultural and social impulses that as he preferred to say---of a millenarian lengthy discussions with the common surrounded him. Whereas Pentecos­ restorationist movement that has cir­ folk. After interacting with several other tals like Parham often considered that cled the globe and become a major turn-of-the-century restorationists their message was uniquely inspired, stream in the story of twentieth-cen­ during a visit to the northeast in 1900, Goff reminds the reader that Parham tury Christianity. Goff's story of how was shaped by his milieu and cannot Parham related to other prophets in be understood apart from it. He ex­ the populist religious subculture of his amines the allegations of sexual mis­ day is also a revealing account of the Edith L. Blumhofer isAssociate Professor ofHis­ conduct that haunted Parham most of dynamic of an often-overlooked seg­ toryat Wheaton College and Project Director at his life, for the first time documenting ment of American religion. the Institute for the Study of American Evan­ their sources. -Edith L. Blumhofer gelicals. Her doctoral dissertation at Harvard While some might debate Goff's \ University and much of her work since has fo­ contention that Parham understood cused on American Pentecostalism. Pentecostalism (which he called the 126 INTERNATIONAL BULLETIN OF MISSIONARY RESEARCH Livingstone's Legacy: Horace ingstone himself revised his daily jour­ Waller and Victorian nals when he transcribed them. Waller Mythmaking. was handling the private memoranda of a public figure that mentioned other By Dorothy O. Helly. Athens, Ohio: Ohio public figures very much alive. Add Univ. Press, 1987. Pp. xoiii, 404. $37.95. Victorian ideas as to inappropriate top­ ics and language, and the various pres­ Horace Waller, London stockbroker, brought to England after Livingstone's sures on editor and publisher, and the lay missionary, country clergyman, death. Then comes an analysis of Wall­ Last Journals seem, by contemporary antislavery campaigner, relentless er's methods, his revisions, omissions, standards, a pretty fair reflection. Nor writer of letters to the Times, edited the and especially his reconstruction of the do the revisions and omissions alter papers written by David Livingstone death and the events that followed. our assessment of Livingstone today; during his long East African journey The author compares Waller's note­ they add little to what we already and published them as the missionary books and drafts, showing how care­ knew of the darker side of his char­ explorer's Last Journals. In Dorothy fully he produced, from rather sparse acter. Helly's view he was also an effective materials, the picture of the fallen hero As to his legacy, the path from Liv­ promoter of our image of Livingstone, on his knees, (doubtless) praying for ingstone the liberator to British impe­ which could be used, by stressing the Africa's deliverance. The last part of rialism is clear enough, and Waller humanitarian, antislavery responsibil­ the book covers more familiar territory, illustrates its direction. But there are ities of Britain, to pave the way to a the modern assessment of Livingstone other strands to Livingstone and the British African empire. and the progressive British involve­ Christian tradition he represents, After describing the development ment in Africa to 1896, giving per­ which show the path to African inde­ of Waller's friendship with Living­ spective by relating it to Waller's pendence and identity; strands that stone, Helly describes the preparation concerns and campaigns. The conclu­ show a contrast with the racist arrog­ and rapid publication of the journals, sion is that British imperialism was ance of some of his eminent contem­ the roles of Waller, Livingstone's fam­ Livingstone's legacy to Africa, with poraries as sampled by Helly. For ily, and John Murray his publisher, the Waller, the image-maker, as an exec­ Livingstone, the European presence in minefield of Livingstone's references utor of the will. Africa was always tangential and epi­ to living people, and the position of Several questions arise. First, the sodic, as it has proved to be. the porters Susi and Chuma and the editorial process revealed by Helly vi­ In view of the array of sources "Nasik boy" Jacob Wainwright-s-all tiates the value of the Last Journals, as used, it is strange that Helly does not published, only if we desire a modern seem to have seen the printed version scholarly edition. But neither Waller, of Waller's second introduction to the nor his publisher, nor his readers were LastJournals. Dated December 31, 1874, Andrew Walls is Director of the Centrefor the looking for that. They wanted the book it appears in copies after the first print Study of Christianity in the Non- Western Livingstone wouldhave written had he run. World, University of Edinburgh, Scotland. returned alive. Helly shows how Liv­ -Andrew Walls The Future Is Mestizo: Life Where Cultures Meet. especially to the significance of the By Virgil Elizondo. Bloomington, Ind.: Virgin of Guadalupe and of Jesus of Meyer-Stone Books, 1988. Pp. xii, 111. Nazareth. Paperback $7.95. Here is an enormously cosmopol­ itan theologian, with prestigious Eu­ This brief autobiographical volume by ple born of two or more very different ropean degrees and pastoral practice the leading theologian of U.S. His­ peoples mixing to become an open­ in Asia, Latin America, and the United panic Roman Catholicism is a gem ended synthesis) is for him, as a Mex­ States, who, from day-to-day identifi­ worth many times its price.
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