Brief Historical Overview of Consecrated Life
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Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California
3 (2016) Miscellaneous 3: AP-BI Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California ENRICO BELTRAMINI Department of Religious Studies, Santa Clara University, California, USA © 2016 Ruhr-Universität Bochum Entangled Religions 3 (2016) ISSN 2363-6696 http://dx.doi.org/10.13154/er.v3.2016.AP-BI Enrico Beltramini Christian Saṃnyāsis and the Enduring Influence of Bede Griffiths in California ENRICO BELTRAMINI Santa Clara University, California, USA ABSTRACT This article thematizes a spiritual movement of ascetic hermits in California, which is based on the religious practice of Bede Griffiths. These hermits took their religious vows in India as Christian saṃnyāsis, in the hands of Father Bede, and then returned to California to ignite a contemplative renewal in the Christian dispirited tradition. Some tried to integrate such Indian tradition in the Benedictine order, while others traced new paths. KEY WORDS Bede; Griffiths; California; saṃnyāsa; Camaldoli; Christianity Preliminary Remarks— Sources and Definitions The present paper profited greatly from its main sources, Sr. Michaela Terrio and Br. Francis Ali, hermits at Sky Farm Hermitage, who generously shared with me their memories of Bede Griffiths as well as spiritual insights of their life of renunciation as Christian saṃnyāsis in California. Several of the personalities mentioned in this article are personally known to the author. I offer a definition of the main terms used here:saṃnyāsis ‘ ’ are the renouncers, the acosmic hermits in the tradition of the Gītā; ‘saṃnyāsa’ is the ancient Indian consecration to acosmism and also the fourth and last stage (aśhrama) in the growth of human life; ‘guru’ is a polysemic word in India; its theological meaning depends on the religious tradition. -
Marian Consecration and Giving Us a 33-Day Plan to Prepare Our Souls for That Big Step
33-Day Preparation for Total Consecration to Jesus Through Mary Following the itinerary of Saint Louis Marie Grignon de Montfort with selections of writings from the Popes and Saints 1 Introduction Saint Louis de Montfort set forth a revolution of spirituality in teaching us about Marian consecration and giving us a 33-day plan to prepare our souls for that big step. What is this consecration? He described this consecration as being a form of “slavery” to Mary. Slavery means that we do nothing without her. We choose not to have a will apart from hers. He even invites us to wear a chain to signify that close bond with her. He elaborated the various consequences of that bond, saying that we share everything with her including our prayers, our intentions, our actions, and our merits. Fundamentally he is saying that we choose to become totally dependent on her: we receive everything through her and share everything with her. At first this sounds radical and may even sound a little scary or seem like a lot of work. As we come to understand the way the spirit of the world has infected our thinking, however, and as we get in touch with our own woundedness, we come to discover that this is a merciful gift from heaven. It is a sweet path of salvation. In fact, it is better than we could have ever hoped for! What it means is that there is a sweet, loving, perfect mother who actually wants to live in this kind of close relationship with us. -
The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions
Scholars Crossing History of Global Missions Center for Global Ministries 2009 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions Don Fanning Liberty University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist Recommended Citation Fanning, Don, "The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions" (2009). History of Global Missions. 3. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgm_hist/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Global Ministries at Scholars Crossing. It has been accepted for inclusion in History of Global Missions by an authorized administrator of Scholars Crossing. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Middle Ages 500-1000 1 3 The Dark Age Church Period of Barbarian Invasions AD 500—1000 Introduction With the endorsement of the Emperor and obligatory church membership for all Roman citizens across the empire, Roman Christianity continued to change the nature of the Church, in stead of visa versa. The humble beginnings were soon forgotten in the luxurious halls and civil power of the highest courts and assemblies of the known world. Who needs spiritual power when you can have civil power? The transition from being the persecuted to the persecutor, from the powerless to the powerful with Imperial and divine authority brought with it the inevitable seeds of corruption. Some say that Christianity won the known world in the first five centuries, but a closer look may reveal that the world had won Christianity as well, and that, in much less time. The year 476 usually marks the end of the Christian Roman Empire in the West. -
Profession Class of 2020 Survey
January 2021 Women and Men Professing Perpetual Vows in Religious Life: The Profession Class of 2020 Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Washington, DC Women and Men Professing Perpetual Vows in Religious Life: The Profession Class of 2020 A Report to the Secretariat of Clergy, Consecrated Life and Vocations United States Conference of Catholic Bishops January 2021 Thu T. Do, LHC, Ph.D. Thomas P. Gaunt, SJ, Ph.D. Table of Contents Executive Summary ......................................................................................................................... 2 Major Findings ................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 6 Institutes Reporting Perpetual Professions .................................................................................... 7 Age of Professed ............................................................................................................................. 8 Country of Birth and Age at Entry to the United States ................................................................. 9 Race and Ethnic Background......................................................................................................... 10 Family Background ....................................................................................................................... -
The Profession Class of 2015
January 2016 New Sisters and Brothers Professing Perpetual Vows in Religious Life: The Profession Class of 2015 Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Washington, DC New Sisters and Brothers Professing Perpetual Vows in Religious Life: The Profession Class of 2015 A Report to the Secretariat of Clergy, Consecrated Life and Vocations United States Conference of Catholic Bishops January 2016 Mary L. Gautier, Ph.D. Thomas P. Gaunt, S.J., Ph.D. Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Major Findings ............................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Institutes Reporting Perpetual Professions ..................................................................................... 6 Age of Professed ............................................................................................................................. 7 Race and Ethnic Background .......................................................................................................... 8 Country of Birth and Age at Entry to United States ....................................................................... 9 Family Background ...................................................................................................................... -
Preaching by Thirteenth-Century Italian Hermits
PREACHING BY THIRTEENTH-CENTURY ITALIAN HERMITS George Ferzoco (University of Leicester) It is impossible to say what a hermit is with great precision.1 In the realm of the medieval church, any consultation of that great body of definitions to be found in canonical or legislative texts shows us very little indeed. For example, we know that hermits could own property, and, according to Hostiensis, that they could make wills. Bernard of Parma's gloss briefly addresses the question of whether a hermit can be elected abbot of a monastery. The gloss of Gratian by Johannes Teutonicus says that "solitanus" means "heremiticus", and one would assume that the inverse would hold true.2 Aban doning the realm of canon law, one does find something more helpful in the greatest legislative book for Western monks, the Regula Benedicti. Here, the Rule begins with a definition of four types of monks: two are good, and two are bad. The bad ones are the sarabaites—those who live in community but follow no rule— and the gyrovagues, who travel around continually and are, in Benedict's words, "slaves to their own wills and gross appetites".3 1 Giles Constable's study on hermits in the twelfth century shows the great ambiguity in defining the eremitical life. See Giles Constable, "Eremitical Forms of Monastic Life," in Monks, Hermits and Crusaders in Medieval Europe, Collected Studies Series 273 (London, 1988) 239-64, at 240-1. See also Jean Leclercq, "'Eremus' et 'eremita'. Pour l'histoire du vocabulaire de la vie solitaire," Colùctanea Ordinis Cisteräensium Reformatorum 25 (1963) 8-30. -
Chinese Catholic Nuns and the Organization of Religious Life in Contemporary China
religions Article Chinese Catholic Nuns and the Organization of Religious Life in Contemporary China Michel Chambon Anthropology Department, Hanover College, Hanover, IN 47243, USA; [email protected] Received: 25 June 2019; Accepted: 19 July 2019; Published: 23 July 2019 Abstract: This article explores the evolution of female religious life within the Catholic Church in China today. Through ethnographic observation, it establishes a spectrum of practices between two main traditions, namely the antique beatas and the modern missionary congregations. The article argues that Chinese nuns create forms of religious life that are quite distinct from more universal Catholic standards: their congregations are always diocesan and involved in multiple forms of apostolate. Despite the little attention they receive, Chinese nuns demonstrate how Chinese Catholics are creative in their appropriation of Christian traditions and their response to social and economic changes. Keywords: christianity in China; catholicism; religious life; gender studies Surveys from 2015 suggest that in the People’s Republic of China, there are 3170 Catholic religious women who belong to 87 registered religious congregations, while 1400 women belong to 37 unregistered ones.1 Thus, there are approximately 4570 Catholics nuns in China, for a general Catholic population that fluctuates between eight to ten million. However, little is known about these women and their forms of religious life, the challenges of their lifestyle, and their current difficulties. Who are those women? How does their religious life manifest and evolve within a rapidly changing Chinese society? What do they tell us about the Catholic Church in China? This paper explores the various forms of religious life in Catholic China to understand how Chinese women appropriate and translate Catholic religious ideals. -
I. the Easter Vigil II. Holy Days of Obligation III. Special Celebrations for Dioceses and Parishes IV
Liturgical Calendar Notes I. The Easter Vigil II. Holy Days of Obligation III. Special Celebrations for Dioceses and Parishes IV. Rogation Day Prayer Service The Easter Vigil The first Mass of Easter, the Easter Vigil, falls between nightfall of Holy Saturday and daybreak of Easter Sunday. The General Norms for the Liturgical Year and the Calendar, no 21, states: The Easter Vigil, during the holy night when Christ rose from the dead, ranks as the “mother of all vigils.” Keeping watch, the Church awaits Christ’s resurrection and celebrates it in the sacraments. Accordingly, the entire celebration of this vigil should take place at night, that is, it should either begin after nightfall or end before the dawn of Sunday. Individual parishes can check the following website to determine nightfall in their area: http://aa.usno.navy.mil/data/docs/RS_OneDay.html On this website, nightfall is listed as “End civil twilight.” Liturgical Calendar Notes 1 Holy Days of Obligation On December 13, 1991 the members of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops of the United States of American made the following general decree concerning holy days of obligation for Latin rite Catholics: In addition to Sunday, the days to be observed as holy days of obligation in the Latin Rite dioceses of the United States of America, in conformity with canon 1246, are as follows: January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God Thursday of the Sixth Week of Easter, the solemnity of the Ascension (observed on the 7th Sunday of Easter in Kentucky Dioceses) August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary November 1, the solemnity of All Saints December 8, the solemnity of the Immaculate Conception December 25, the solemnity of the Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ Whenever January 1, the solemnity of Mary, Mother of God, or August 15, the solemnity of the Assumption, or November 1, the solemnity of All Saints, falls on a Saturday or on a Monday, the precept to attend Mass is abrogated. -
Poverty, Charity and the Papacy in The
TRICLINIUM PAUPERUM: POVERTY, CHARITY AND THE PAPACY IN THE TIME OF GREGORY THE GREAT AN ABSTRACT SUBMITTED ON THE FIFTEENTH DAY OF MARCH, 2013 TO THE DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE SCHOOL OF LIBERAL ARTS OF TULANE UNIVERSITY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY BY ___________________________ Miles Doleac APPROVED: ________________________ Dennis P. Kehoe, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ F. Thomas Luongo, Ph.D. Co-Director ________________________ Thomas D. Frazel, Ph.D AN ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the role of Gregory I (r. 590-604 CE) in developing permanent ecclesiastical institutions under the authority of the Bishop of Rome to feed and serve the poor and the socio-political world in which he did so. Gregory’s work was part culmination of pre-existing practice, part innovation. I contend that Gregory transformed fading, ancient institutions and ideas—the Imperial annona, the monastic soup kitchen-hospice or xenodochium, Christianity’s “collection for the saints,” Christian caritas more generally and Greco-Roman euergetism—into something distinctly ecclesiastical, indeed “papal.” Although Gregory has long been closely associated with charity, few have attempted to unpack in any systematic way what Gregorian charity might have looked like in practical application and what impact it had on the Roman Church and the Roman people. I believe that we can see the contours of Gregory’s initiatives at work and, at least, the faint framework of an organized system of ecclesiastical charity that would emerge in clearer relief in the eighth and ninth centuries under Hadrian I (r. 772-795) and Leo III (r. -
Women and Men Entering Religious Life: the Entrance Class of 2018
February 2019 Women and Men Entering Religious Life: The Entrance Class of 2018 Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate Georgetown University Washington, DC Women and Men Entering Religious Life: The Entrance Class of 2018 February 2019 Mary L. Gautier, Ph.D. Hellen A. Bandiho, STH, Ed.D. Thu T. Do, LHC, Ph.D. Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ 1 Major Findings ................................................................................................................................ 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Part I: Characteristics of Responding Institutes and Their Entrants Institutes Reporting New Entrants in 2018 ..................................................................................... 7 Gender ............................................................................................................................................. 8 Age of the Entrance Class of 2018 ................................................................................................. 8 Country of Birth and Age at Entry to United States ....................................................................... 9 Race and Ethnic Background ........................................................................................................ 10 Religious Background .................................................................................................................. -
The Rule of St Basil in Latin and English
The Rule of St Basil in Latin and English The Rule of St Basil in Latin and English A Revised Critical Edition Translated by Anna M. Silvas A Michael Glazier Book LITURGICAL PRESS Collegeville, Minnesota www.litpress.org A Michael Glazier Book published by Liturgical Press Cover design by Jodi Hendrickson. Cover image: Wikipedia. The Latin text of the Regula Basilii is keyed from Basili Regula—A Rufino Latine Versa, ed. Klaus Zelzer, Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum, vol. 86 (Vienna: Hoelder-Pichler-Tempsky, 1986). Used by permission of the Austrian Academy of Sciences. Scripture has been translated by the author directly from Rufinus’s text. © 2013 by Order of Saint Benedict, Collegeville, Minnesota. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, microfilm, micro- fiche, mechanical recording, photocopying, translation, or by any other means, known or yet unknown, for any purpose except brief quotations in reviews, without the previous written permission of Liturgical Press, Saint John’s Abbey, PO Box 7500, Collegeville, Minnesota 56321-7500. Printed in the United States of America. 123456789 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Basil, Saint, Bishop of Caesarea, approximately 329–379. The Rule of St Basil in Latin and English : a revised critical edition / Anna M. Silvas. pages cm “A Michael Glazier book.” Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-8146-8212-8 — ISBN 978-0-8146-8237-1 (e-book) 1. Basil, Saint, Bishop of Caesarea, approximately 329–379. Regula. 2. Orthodox Eastern monasticism and religious orders—Rules. I. Silvas, Anna, translator. II. Title. III. Title: Rule of Basil. -
Book of Ceremonies
Book of Ceremonies Published By: Grand Lodge Free & Accepted Masons of Wisconsin 36275 Sunset Drive Dousman, WI 53118 (800) 242-2307 www.wisc-freemasonry.org Book Of Ceremonies WIGL-017-Rev-July 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Ceremonies of the Grand Lodge 1. Grand Lodge Installation of Officers 2. Area Administrator Installation 3. Cornerstone Ceremony 4. Consecration of New Lodges 5. Reconsecrating of Lodges 6. Lodge Dedications Version 1 7. Lodge Dedication Version 2 Symbolic Lodge Ceremonies 1. Public Opening of Lodge 2. Installation of Officers Version 1 3. Installation of Officers Version 2 4. Re-Obligation Ceremony 5. Masonic Memorial Service 1 6. Masonic Memorial Service 2 7. 50 Year Presentation 8. Flag Presentation 9. Past Master Installation 2 INSTALLATION CEREMONY OF GRAND LODGE OFFICERS (Adaptation by Craig S. Campbell, 07-08-2006) NOTE: Public Opening should begin on time. All Installing Officers should be in their stations, all to be installed should be in the chairs as pictured in figure 1. All officers will wear aprons -- collars are received during ceremony. Nametags worn only after installation. Officer ladies will occupy officer stations until placing collar, then go to place on sideline. AA’s, DL’s, and DC’s should sit together on sideline. 3-4 people should be designated to remove chairs as officers are installed. WM – “Brethren and guests, it is my pleasure to welcome you to the (#) Installation Ceremony of the Officers of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of Wisconsin. I am <NAME> , Worshipful Master of <NAME> Lodge in <CITY/TOWN> Wisconsin and I have the privilege of presiding over the public opening of this wonderful ceremony.