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TRANSLATION Routledge Applied Linguistics is a series of comprehensive resource books, providing students and researchers with the support they need for advanced study in the core areas of English language and Applied Linguistics. Each book in the series guides readers through three main sections, enabling them to explore and develop major themes within the discipline: • Section A, Introduction, establishes the key terms and concepts and extends readers’ techniques of analysis through practical application. • Section B, Extension, brings together influential articles, sets them in context, and discusses their contribution to the field. • Section C, Exploration, builds on knowledge gained in the first two sections, setting thoughtful tasks around further illustrative material. This enables readers to engage more actively with the subject matter and encourages them to develop their own research responses. Throughout the book, topics are revisited, extended, interwoven and deconstructed, with the reader’s understanding strengthened by tasks and follow-up questions. Translation: • examines the theory and practice of translation from a variety of linguistic and cultural angles, including semantics, equivalence, functional linguistics, corpus and cognitive linguistics, text and discourse analysis, gender studies and post- colonialism • draws on a wide range of languages, including French, Spanish, German, Russian and Arabic • explores material from a variety of sources, such as the Internet, advertisements, religious texts, literary and technical texts • gathers together influential readings from the key names in the discipline, including James S. Holmes, George Steiner, Jean-Paul Vinay and Jean Darbelnet, Eugene Nida, Werner Koller and Ernst-August Gutt. Written by experienced teachers and researchers in the field, Translation is an essential resource for students and researchers of English language and Applied Linguistics as well as Translation Studies. Basil Hatim is Professor of Translation and Linguistics at Heriot Watt University, UK and Professor of English and Translation at the American University of Sharjah, UAE. Jeremy Munday is Deputy Director of the Centre for Translation Studies, University of Surrey, UK. ROUTLEDGE APPLIED LINGUISTICS SERIES EDITORS Christopher N. Candlin is Senior Research Professor in the Department of Linguistics at Macquarie University, Australia, and Professor of Applied Linguistics at the Open University, UK. At Macquarie, he has been Chair of the Department of Linguistics; he established and was Executive Director of the National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research (NCELTR); and was foundation Director of the Centre for Language in Social Life (CLSL). He has written or edited over 150 publications and from 2004 will co-edit the new Journal of Applied Linguistics. From 1996 to 2002 he was President of the International Association of Applied Linguistics (AILA). He has acted as a consultant in more than 35 countries and as external faculty assessor in 36 universities worldwide. Ronald Carter is Professor of Modern English Language in the School of English Studies at the University of Nottingham. He has published extensively in applied linguistics, literary studies and language in education, and has written or edited over 40 books and 100 articles in these fields. He has given consultancies in the field of English language education, mainly in conjunction with the British Council, in over 30 countries worldwide, and is editor of the Routledge Interface series and advisory editor to the Routledge English Language Introductions series. He was recently elected a Fellow of the British Academy for Social Sciences and is currently UK Government Advisor for ESOL and Chair of the British Association for Applied Linguistics (BAAL). FORTHCOMING TITLES IN THE SERIES Intercultural Communication: An advanced resource book Adrian Holliday, Martin Hyde and John Kullman, Canterbury Christ Church University College, UK Translation: An advanced resource book Basil Hatim, Heriot-Watt University, UK and the American University of Sharjah, UAE and Jeremy Munday, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Grammar and Context: An advanced resource book Ann Hewings, Open University and Martin Hewings, University of Birmingham Translation An advanced resource book Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday First published 2004 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2004. “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” © 2004 Basil Hatim and Jeremy Munday All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN 0-203-50188-8 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-57110-X(Adobe eReader Format) ISBN 0–415–28305–1 (hbk) ISBN 0–415–28306–x (pbk) To Nuria, who came into this world at the same time as this book and to Sam and Lema, we will make it up to you. Contents Series Editors’ Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv How to use this book xvii SECTION A INTRODUCTION 1 Unit 1 What is translation? 3 Unit 2 Translation strategies 10 Unit 3 The unit of translation 17 Unit 4 Translation shifts 26 Unit 5 The analysis of meaning 34 Unit 6 Dynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message 40 Unit 7 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 48 Unit 8 Translation and relevance 57 Unit 9 Text type in translation 67 Unit 10 Text register in translation 76 Unit 11 Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation 86 Unit 12 Agents of power in translation 93 Unit 13 Ideology and translation 102 Unit 14 Translation in the information technology era 112 SECTION BEXTENSION 121 Unit 1 What is translation? 123 Unit 2 Translation strategies 132 Unit 3 The unit of translation 136 Unit 4 Translation shifts 142 Unit 5 The analysis of meaning 152 Unit 6 Dynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message 160 Unit 7 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 169 Unit 8 Translation and relevance 176 Unit 9 Text type in translation 181 Unit 10 Text register in translation 187 Unit 11 Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation 192 Unit 12 Agents of power in translation 200 Unit 13 Ideology and translation 206 Unit 14 Translation in the information technology era 213 vii Contents SECTION C EXPLORATION 219 Unit 1 What is translation? 221 Unit 2 Translation strategies 226 Unit 3 The unit of translation 231 Unit 4 Translation shifts 238 Unit 5 The analysis of meaning 243 Unit 6 Dynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message 253 Unit 7 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 264 Unit 8 Translation and relevance 272 Unit 9 Text type in translation 281 Unit 10 Text register in translation 287 Unit 11 Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation 295 Unit 12 Agents of power in translation 304 Unit 13 Ideology and translation 313 Unit 14 Translation in the information technology era 321 Developing words and cultures – some concluding remarks 329 Further reading 331 Glossary 334 Bibliography 354 Index 364 viii Contents cross-referenced Section A: Introduction Unit 1 What is translation? 3 Unit 2 Translation strategies 10 Unit 3 The unit of translation 17 Unit 4 Translation shifts 26 Unit 5 The analysis of meaning 34 Unit 6 Dynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message 40 Unit 7 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 48 Unit 8 Translation and relevance 57 Unit 9 Text type in translation 67 Unit 10 Text register in translation 76 Unit 11 Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation 86 Unit 12 Agents of power in translation 93 Unit 13 Ideology and translation 102 Unit 14 Translation in the information technology era 112 x Section B: Extension Section C: Exploration What is translation? 123 What is translation? 221 Translation strategies 132 Translation strategies 226 The unit of translation 136 The unit of translation 231 Translation shifts 142 Translation shifts 238 The analysis of meaning 152 The analysis of meaning 243 Dynamic equivalence and the Dynamic equivalence and the receptor of the message 160 receptor of the message 253 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 169 Textual pragmatics and equivalence 264 Translation and relevance 176 Translation and relevance 272 Text type in translation 181 Text type in translation 281 Text register in translation 187 Text register in translation 287 Text, genre and discourse shifts Text, genre and discourse shifts in translation 192 in translation 295 Agents of power in translation 200 Agents of power in translation 304 Ideology and translation 206 Ideology and translation 313 Translation in the information Translation in the information technology era 213 technology era 321 xi Series Editors’ Preface This series provides a comprehensive guide to a number of key areas in the field of applied linguistics. Applied linguistics is a rich, vibrant, diverse and essentially interdisciplinary field. It is now more important than ever that books in the field provide up-to-date maps of ever changing territory. The books in this series are designed to give key insights into core areas. The design of the books ensures, through key readings, that the history and development of a subject is recognised while, through key questions and tasks, integrating under- standings of the topics, concepts and practices that make up its essentially inter- disciplinary fabric. The pedagogic structure of each book ensures that readers are given opportunities to think, discuss, engage in tasks, draw on their own experience, reflect, research and to read and critically re-read key documents.

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