English Grammatical Categories and the Tradition
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Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries
Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries Kelly M. Kistner A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Gary G. Hamilton, Chair Steven Pfaff Katherine Stovel Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Sociology ©Copyright 2014 Kelly M. Kistner University of Washington Abstract Organizing Knowledge: Comparative Structures of Intersubjectivity in Nineteenth-Century Historical Dictionaries Kelly Kistner Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Gary G. Hamilton Sociology Between 1838 and 1857 language scholars throughout Europe were inspired to create a new kind of dictionary. Deemed historical dictionaries, their projects took an unprecedented leap in style and scale from earlier forms of lexicography. These lexicographers each sought to compile historical inventories of their national languages and were inspired by the new scientific approach of comparative philology. For them, this science promised a means to illuminate general processes of social change and variation, as well as the linguistic foundations for cultural and national unity. This study examines two such projects: The German Dictionary, Deutsches Worterbuch, of the Grimm Brothers, and what became the Oxford English Dictionary. Both works utilized collaborative models of large-scale, long-term production, yet the content of the dictionaries would differ in remarkable ways. The German dictionary would be characterized by its lack of definitions of meaning, its eclectic treatment of entries, rich analytical prose, and self- referential discourse; whereas the English dictionary would feature succinct, standardized, and impersonal entries. Using primary source materials, this research investigates why the dictionaries came to differ. -
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Medieval Philology and Nationalism: The British and German Editors of Thomas of Erceldoune Richard Utz A December 2005 search of the on-line version of the Modern Language Association’s International Bibliography confirmed the expectation many scholars have when consid- ering which medieval English texts yield, or do not yield, considerable academic cultural capital. Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales holds an impressive lead with 3,900 entries; Gower’s Confessio Amantis achieves 266; The Book of Margery Kempe 199; Julian of Norwich’s Showings 48; and Lydgate’s Siege of Thebes 27. All the way at the end of this list appear titles such as the late fourteenth-century Thomas of Erceldoune.1 While there are ten entries on this text, five are by the same author, E[mily] B[uchanan] Lyle, of the Uni- versity of Edinburgh — not a surprise considering that the alleged author of the medieval text, Thomas the Rhymer, predicted certain significant events during the Scottish wars of independence;2 another two entries are by Ingeborg Nixon of the University of Copenhagen (who, it is worth noting, received her doctoral degree from the University 1 Although the MLA International Bibliography can only provide a relative idea of scholarly interest in Thomas of Erceldoune, it remains the most easily accessible database in language and literature studies worldwide. As such, whatever it contains or lacks, lends or denies cultural capital to topics, texts, and authors. 2 Lyle’s mostly short studies are as follows: “The Relationship Between Thomas the Rhymer and Thomas of Erceldoune” (1970), “Sir Landevale and the Fairy-Mistress Theme in Thomas of Erceldoune” (1973), “The Celtic Affinities of the Gift in Thomas of Erceldoune” (1971), “The Turk and Gawain as a Source of Thomas of Erceldoune” (1970), and “Thomas of Erceldoune: The Prophet and the Prophesied” (1968). -
From "RP" to "Estuary English"
From "RP" to "Estuary English": The concept 'received' and the debate about British pronunciation standards Hamburg 1998 Author: Gudrun Parsons Beckstrasse 8 D-20357 Hamburg e-mail: [email protected] Table of Contents Foreword .................................................................................................i List of Abbreviations............................................................................... ii 0. Introduction ....................................................................................1 1. Received Pronunciation .................................................................5 1.1. The History of 'RP' ..................................................................5 1.2. The History of RP....................................................................9 1.3. Descriptions of RP ...............................................................14 1.4. Summary...............................................................................17 2. Change and Variation in RP.............................................................18 2.1. The Vowel System ................................................................18 2.1.1. Diphthongisation of Long Vowels ..................................18 2.1.2. Fronting of /!/ and Lowering of /"/................................21 2.2. The Consonant System ........................................................23 2.2.1. The Glottal Stop.............................................................23 2.2.2. Vocalisation of [#]...........................................................26 -
The Early Years
HISTORY OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY: THE EARLY YEARS BY FIONA MARSHALL University of Sheffield 1. THE ORIGINAL PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON1 Formed in response to the new comparative philology practised by a handful of scholars on the Continent in the 1820s, the original Philological Society held the first in a series of informal meetings at London University in the early 1830s. Word of the new continental philology, established primarily by Rasmus Kristian Rask (1787- 1832), Franz Bopp (1791-1867), and Jacob (Ludwig Karl) Grimm (1785-1863), filtered through to London principally, though not exclusively, via Friedrich August Rosen (1805-1837), the first and only incumbent of a chair in Oriental Literature at London University (1828-31). Partly due to the heightened interest in comparative philology and partly in pursuit of the 'Philological Illustration of the Classical Writers of Greece and Rome' (PPS V, 1854: 61), Cambridge classicists Thomas Hewitt Key (1799-1875) and George Long (1800-1879), together with German-born Rosen, established the Society for Philological Inquiries (subsequently renamed the Philological Society) in 1830. With the addition of fellow Cambridge scholar Henry Malden (1800-1876) in 1831, the founding principles behind the original and succeeding Philological Society were established. The primary aims of the Society epitomised the growing and groundbreaking desire in early nineteenth-century British scholarship, not customary elsewhere, to combine the old (classical) philology with the new. Since few records remain in the archives, extant details about the original Society are vague. The whereabouts of the Society's manuscript minutes book, laid on the table by Key at a meeting of the present Society in 1851, are unknown (PPS V, 1854: 61). -
1St YEAR PHONETICS and PHONOLOGY, Spring 2017
1st YEAR PHONETICS AND PHONOLOGY, Spring 2017 Teacher Lectures in practical English Phonetics, Phonology and Pronunciation given by Kateřina Tomková ([email protected]) of the Dept. of English and American Studies. Office hours: Tuesdays 0915-1015, Thursdays 1400-1500. Pronunciation interviews: Tue 1015-1115 and 1300-1400, Thu 1300-1400. Office: Gorkého 7, 2nd floor between rooms G22 and G23, facing the steps. Sign-up sheet circulating in class, then on office door. Assessment Your final mark in Phonetics and Phonology depends on the result in your final test (60%) and subsequent pronunciation interview (40%). Students are recommended to talk to K.Tomková and have their pronunciation assessed now while there is still time to eliminate incorrect speaking habits. Exam dates May 29 – EXAM TEST the week of June 5 – interviews with K. Tomková June 19 – EXAM TEST second regular date and resits + interviews the following week September 4 – EXAM TEST resits + interviews later that week Sources - Regular attendance at lectures (Mondays 0910-1040, the Scala) + full understanding of SYLLABUS - Gimson’s Pronunciation of English, first 7 chapters; bookshop/SAC/IS - Professor Krčmová’s Obecná fonetika a fonologie in the IS (student-stud.materiály-kód předmětu) - Rudiments of Linguistics, chapter on Phonetics by Ludmila Urbanová - A practical course in English pronunciation, relevant chapters on suprasegmentals in the IS - www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/grammar/pron www.photransedit.com/Online/Text2Phonetics.aspx - www.typeit.org www.howjsay.com Syllabus Date Event; Accent 1 Organization; 2 Hints for pronunciation; 3 Reading assignment Theory; 4 Listening; 5 Transcription and/or description of accent spoken Feb 20 American 1 Introduction of subject and its facilitator; dates. -
Dictionary with Ipa Narrow Transcription
Dictionary With Ipa Narrow Transcription Roman chortling deprecatorily while moreish Upton subscribe incontrollably or rationalizing purulently. Is Wolfram always inculpatory and girt when truncate some skokiaan very tightly and wholesale? Infuscate Hakim lube very penetratively while Hillel remains prest and resorptive. Besides, this system is normally only used for the transcription of American English, leaving other important varieties of English aside. Say a sound and ask your child to say a word that begins with this sound. Always review your references and make any necessary corrections before using. Notice that the symbols are used precisely and although the differences between them may be minor they are crucial. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Czech alphabet are employed. First, transcribe the text in phonemic transcription. Spell Words in English? Example, in the International phonetic Alphabet intended for all speakers from the Pronunciation symbols which actually give. Secondary stress, if shown at all, is indicated by a similar mark below the line. Edit: the above almost certainly contains some inexactitudes, but this is a forum post and not a dissertation. Vowels pronounced with the tongue lowered are at the bottom, and vowels pronounced with the tongue raised are at the top. GOAT was not the best choice for identifying this in the first place, being as you say in checked position. No explanation for the allophonic distribution of these diphthongs is provided, and in the audiofiles, available in a related website, the pronunciation of relevant examples is in all cases diphthongal. Blochs system, KK, and IPA, cf. IPA characters that would be otherwise unavailable on standard keyboard layouts. -
Henry Sweet's General Writings
THE HENRY SWEET SOCIETY BULLETIN Issue No. 51, November 2008 1 Contents 3 Editor’s Note (Nicola McLelland) ARTICLES 5 Henry Fowler and his eighteenth-century predecessors (Ingrid Tieken- Boon van Ostade) 25 The Oxford Quarto Dictionary (Charlotte Brewer) 41 ‘To observe things as they are without regard to their origin’: Henry Sweet’s general writings on language in the 1870s (Mark Atherton) 59 Abstracts from the Henry Sweet Society Colloquium, March 31st, 2008 REVIEW 61 Ekaterina Velmezova: Les lois du sens: la sémantique marriste (Bern, etc., Peter Lang, 2007). Reviewed by Andries van Helden PUBLICATIONS RECEIVED 65 Books & Pamphlets / Journals / Articles & Reviews (ed. David Cram) NEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS 67 Minutes of the Henry Sweet Society Annual General Meeting (March 31st, 2008) 69 Conference report: ICHOLS XI,.University of Potsdam (Toon van Hal) 72 Members’ News 74 “His Manner of Discourse”. Professor Werner Hüllen (John L. Flood) 77 Call for Papers: The Annual Colloquium of the Henry Sweet Society for the History of Linguistic Ideas (14–17 September, 2009, Jesus College, Oxford) 78 Conference announcement: Linguistic prescriptivism and patriotism: from nationalism to globalization (August 17–19, 2009, New College, University of Toronto, Canada) 80 Call for Papers: International Conference on Language and History, Linguistics and Historiography (April 1–4, 2009, University of Bristol) 81 Call for Papers: Good usage and sociolinguistic variation. Diachronic perspectives and national traditions (16–18 July 2009, Murray Edwards College, -
Language Variation and Innovation in Teesside English
Language Variation and Innovation in Teesside English Mari Carmen Llamas Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Leeds School of English September 2001 The candidate confirms that the work submitted is her own and that appropriate credit has been given where reference has been made to the work of others. Acknowledgements This study was funded by a White Rose Scholarship through the Universities of Leeds and Sheffield. I gratefully acknowledge the support of the scholarship which allowed me the opportunity to undertake the present research. 1 would like to thank Clive Upton, at the University of Leeds, and John Widdowson, at the University of Sheffield, for acting as supervisors throughout the completion of this research. Particular thanks go to Paul Foulkes and Dominic Watt for constant support and advice. I also wish to thank Lesley Milroy and Judy Dyer for the interest they have shown in the work and the guidance they have provided in interpretation of the results of the study. My thanks also go to Mark J. Jones, Louise Mullany and Ghada Khattab for countless favours. Many other people are owed acknowledgement and thanks for their assistance throughout the course of the research: these include, Ann Williams, Paul Kerswill, Bridget Anderson, Jason Jones, Anne Fabricius, Paul Johnston, Peter Stockwell, Dave Britain and Jane Stuart-Smith. The assistance and encouragement provided by Geoff and Jenny Braddy, Val Magee and Jean Christie are also gratefully acknowledged. Finally, my thanks go to Sarah, Mark, Paddy, Rayees, Beck, Joe, and Helen. Abstract This thesis presents a study of socially-conditioned phonological variation in a hitherto unresearched urban variety of British English. -
HISTORICAL SYNTAX Types of Explanation in History Georgetown
HISTORICAL SYNTAX Types of explanation in history DAVID W. L IGHTFOOT Georgetown University This article examines the ways in which explanation has been achieved in scientific work on language change over the last two hundred years. Explanations have come in many forms and at many levels and are greatly influenced by what are taken as the leading questions, which them - selves have varied significantly since the early nineteenth century.* Keywords : language change, explanation, historicism, I-language, phase transitions 1. INTRODUCTION . Historical linguistics deals with HOW languages change , but the de - scriptive work has often been complemented by questions of explanation, practitioners frequently asking the WHY questions. This has been so from the very beginnings of the field, perhaps more than in other subfields of linguistics. Here I track some successes and failures of work on language change over the last two centuries, focusing on how explanations have been achieved and showing that explanation comes in many forms and at many levels. This cannot be a comprehensive account, of course, and I highlight events that have changed the kinds of explanations attained, discussing their successes and shortcomings. A consideration of the history of efforts to explain aspects of change illuminates modern efforts, and vice versa. 2. THE BEGINNINGS . Work on language was elevated to a scientific level in the nine - teenth century , and Sir William ‘Oriental ’ Jones is often cited as the one who began the process. In 1786 he gave the Third Anniversary Discourse at the Asiatick Society of Bengal, where he was president. He spoke of Greek, Latin, and Sanskrit and noted that ‘no philologer could examine them all three, without believing them to have sprung from some common source, which, perhaps, no longer exists’ (Jones 1788). -
Phonological Change in English
Phonological Change in English Raymond Hickey University of Duisburg and Essen Structure of chapter (just for orientation when reviewing, will be deleted later) 1 Introduction...................................................................................................1 2 Research situation..........................................................................................2 3 Expanding the database.................................................................................3 4 Language internal and external developments.............................................4 4.1 Symmetry in the system of fricatives......................................................4 4.2 Dental fricatives in the history of English ..............................................4 4.3 Front rounded vowels .............................................................................5 5 Changes in syllable structure ........................................................................6 5.1 Open syllable lengthening .......................................................................6 5.2 Coda quantity in Old English .................................................................7 6 Interpreting change: The English long vowel shift.......................................7 6.1 Problems with mergers and splits...........................................................9 7 Change as addition: Epenthesis and metathesis .........................................10 8. Change as a loss of distinctions ...................................................................11 -
CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION Books of Enduring Scholarly Value
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-07560-2 - A History of English Sounds: From the Earliest Period with Full Word-Lists Henry Sweet Frontmatter More information CAMBRIDGE LIBRARY COLLECTION Books of enduring scholarly value Linguistics From the earliest surviving glossaries and translations to nineteenth century academic philology and the growth of linguistics during the twentieth century, language has been the subject both of scholarly investigation and of practical handbooks produced for the upwardly mobile, as well as for travellers, traders, soldiers, missionaries and explorers. This collection will reissue a wide range of texts pertaining to language, including the work of Latin grammarians, groundbreaking early publications in Indo-European studies, accounts of indigenous languages, many of them now extinct, and texts by pioneering figures such as Jacob Grimm, Wilhelm von Humboldt and Ferdinand de Saussure. A History of English Sounds from the Earliest Period Henry Sweet (1845–1912) began at an early age to teach himself Old English and Old Icelandic. Before going up to Oxford, he spent a year at the University of Heidelberg, studying comparative and Germanic philology, and during his undergraduate career he published an edition of King Alfred’s Pastoral Care. His enthusiasm for philology led him to pursue a career in research and teaching, though he did not hold a university post until in 1901 he was appointed to a new readership in phonetics at Oxford. His work on the sounds of English was first published in 1874, and in this revised version in 1888. The work derived from a monograph ‘on the history of long e and o’, but Sweet’s own further research, as well as that of others, led him to a much broader treatment, including an investigation of dialects and medieval and modern English sounds. -
1 Aggravated Mischief: Editing and Digitizing the Papers of Sir James
1 Aggravated Mischief: Editing and Digitizing the Papers of Sir James Murray Charlotte Brewer* and Stephen Turton** *Hertford College, University of Oxford [email protected] **(from October 2021) Gonville & Caius College, University of Cambridge [email protected] 2 Abstract The authors of this article are at work on a pilot digital edition of the papers of Sir James Murray in the Bodleian Library at the University of Oxford. Murray was chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary from 1879 until his death, aged 78, in 1915. As he himself foresaw, the letters he exchanged almost daily over this period, with a host of correspondents, formed an essential part of “the whole material on which the Dictionary [was to] be built.” Today they make fascinating and informative reading, while also providing a case-study of the role of letter-writing in nineteenth-century scholarly projects and networks. The article describes the origins and character of the Bodleian archive—not least its value in illuminating the creation of the OED—and sets out the nature and purpose of the edition, along with its planned future development. Introduction The papers of Sir James Murray, chief editor of the Oxford English Dictionary, were donated to the Bodleian Library in 1994 by Murray’s granddaughter, K. M. E. (Elisabeth) Murray (1909–1998). The existence of the papers was by then already well-known to dictionary scholars, Elisabeth Murray having drawn deeply on them to write her justly celebrated biography of her grandfather, Caught in the Web of Words, published in 1977.