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Durham E-Theses Durham E-Theses Elite networks of the London Season: perspectives from the New Mobilities literature WILKINS, KATHRYN,ANN How to cite: WILKINS, KATHRYN,ANN (2010) Elite networks of the London Season: perspectives from the New Mobilities literature, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/689/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Department of Geography Durham University Elite networks of the London Season: perspectives from the New Mobilities literature Kathryn Ann Wilkins A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Durham University September 2010 - 1 - Abstract Elite networks of the London Season: perspectives from the New Mobilities literature Kathryn Ann Wilkins This research investigates and analyses the London Season in the nineteenth century through an engagement with „New Mobilities‟ literature. By positioning the research within this literature and connected theories surrounding material and performative geographies, the research provides a historical perspective to this emerging area of geographical enquiry. Using a wide variety of sources, the mobility of this societal group is reassessed, highlighting the crucial role movement played in the practices of the Season. The concept of „networks‟ is adopted to enable a detailed analysis of the connections forged during the London Season, revealing the powerful role held by women in the period. This desire to network is understood in detail through an engagement with performance literatures to illustrate the importance of dance to those participating. This detailed engagement with networking practices is continued through a material engagement with the Season; analysing the use of fashion to increase the chances of connection. The spatial implications of the London Season are addressed through the construction of broad scale analyses using court directories, ball attendance records and rate books. This enabled the popularity of certain spaces to be ascertained, leading to discussions regarding the use of space as a tool by those participating in the Season to attract connections. This active engagement with space moves away from previous interpretations of the period, in which the West End is treated as a banal template. This research also adopts calls from within historical geography (Blunt, 2000a; McDowell, 2004) to utilise biographical material in understanding the past. Individual experiences of the Season are contrasted throughout the thesis, revealing that the period should not be understood as a single, indivisible „Season‟, but instead as many „Seasons‟ overlapping with one another, yet offering different experiences of the same phenomenon. - 2 - Table of Contents Elite Networks of the London Season: perspectives from the New Mobilities literature...................................................................................................I Abstract......................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents.......................................................................................................3 List of Figures.............................................................................................................4 List of Tables..............................................................................................................5 List of Plates...............................................................................................................6 Statement of Copyright...............................................................................................7 Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................8 Chapter 1: Introduction............................................................................................9 Chapter 2: The London Season.............................................................................17 Chapter 3: The New Mobilities Literature.............................................................43 . Chapter 4: Methodologies......................................................................................65 Chapter 5: The Importance of Being Mobile.........................................................94 Chapter 6: Networking in the Context of the London Season..........................123 Chapter 7: The Performance Practices of the Ballroom...................................160 Chapter 8: The Spatial Implications of the London Season.............................197 Chapter 9: Conclusions.......................................................................................234 Appendix 1.............................................................................................................242 Appendix 2.............................................................................................................279 Bibliography..........................................................................................................289 - 3 - List of Figures Figure 1: Charles Booth‟s Survey into Life and Labour in London 1886-1903................................................................................................................19 Figure 2: The Great Landowners of England and Wales.........................................23 Figure 3: The distances travelled from counties in Great Britain and Ireland by those attending the first ball of the 1862 Season.....................................97 Figure 4: The distances travelled from country estates in Great Britain and Ireland by those attending the first ball of the 1862 Season..............................98 Figure 5: Daily movements made by those attending events on 28th May 1862.........................................................................................................101 Figure 6: Movements made by Miss Mary Gladstone on 14th March 1883............104 Figure 7: The documented connections existing between the Souls.....................127 Figure 8: Map depicting the home addresses of all those recorded as having attended a ball on 23rd May 1862...........................................................131 Figure 9: The familial connections existing between the most frequent ball attendees of the 1862 Season.........................................................................139 Figure 10: „Seasonal migrations of the fashionable world in 1841‟........................200 Figure 11: The proportion of houses on Grosvenor Square occupied by a resident attending balls during the 1862 Season.................................................202 Figure 12: Gates and bars in the Metropolitan Board of Works administrative area..................................................................................................205 Figure 13: The number of ballroom attendances undertaken from each street during the 1862 Season................................................................................213 Figure 14: Grosvenor Square and surrounding area, Charles Booth‟s Survey into Life and Labour in London 1886-1903.................................................214 Figure 15: The gross estimated rental values of the houses on Belgrave Square in 1862..................................................................................217 Figure 16: The gross estimated rental value of the houses on Halkin Street in 1862...............................................................................................218 Figure 17: The gross estimated rental values of houses on North Audley Street in 1862..............................................................................................220 Figure 18: The gross estimated rental values of the houses on Chesham Place in 1862..........................................................................................................221 Figure 19: The gross estimated rental values of the houses in Eaton Square in 1862.............................................................................................222 - 4 - Figure 20: The gross estimated rental values of the houses on South Audley Street in 1862..............................................................................225 Figure 21: Elevation (c.1930) and plans (1763) for 16 Grosvenor Square by Thomas Ripley................................................................230 Figure 22: The number of connections forged by each diarist...............................281 Figure 23: Proportion of the diarist‟s weak ties who were family members...........283 Figure 24: The proportion of the diarist‟s strong ties who were family members.......................................................................................................284 Figure 25: The proportion of
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