DOCSLIB.ORG

The Evolution of British Asian Radio in England: 1960 – 2004

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Evolution of British Asian Radio in England: 1960 – 2004 View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Bournemouth University Research Online The Evolution of British Asian Radio in England: 1960 – 2004 Gloria Khamkar Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2016 COPYRIGHT STATEMENT This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. II ABSTRACT Title: The Evolution of British Asian Radio in England: 1960 – 2004 Author: Gloria Khamkar This doctoral research examines the evolution of British Asian radio in England from 1960 to 2004. During the post-war period an Asian community started migrating to Britain to seek employment as a result of the industrial labour shortage. The BBC and the independent local radio sector tried to cater to this newly arrived migrant community through its radio output either in their mother tongue or in the English language. Later, this Asian community started its own separate radio services. This research project explores this transformation of Asian radio, from broadcasting radio programmes for the Asian community on existing radio stations, to the creation of independent local and community radio stations, catering to the Asian community exclusively in England. Existing research concentrates on the stereotype images and lack of representation of Asian community on the British radio; it lacks a comprehensive overview of the role of radio during the settlement period of the newly migrant Asian community. Hence, this research sets out to fill that gap by bringing in the significant facet of the early years’ Asian radio programming, mainly on the BBC, and the development of independent British Asian radio broadcasting in England. The main methods used to conduct this research are archives and in-depth semi-structured interviews, which have helped me to understand the relationship between the development of British Asian radio and the ongoing migration of the Asian community in England. This research provides a fresh and strong dimension of British Asian radio services in England. It confirms that the issues of access, participation, representation, integration, and linguistic expression were identified, discussed and acted upon by British and Asian radio enthusiasts, radio campaigners and Asian community groups since the 1960s, which led to the creation of British Asian radio in England. I believe this research will bring forth the importance and relevance of having British Asian radio services in England. III ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This study was undertaken under the BU Vice-Chancellor’s Scholarship at Bournemouth University, UK and I consider myself extremely fortunate to have been granted this opportunity. Without this scholarship, I could not have embarked on this journey. I would like to thank my supervisors Professor Hugh Chignell and Dr Kristin Skoog; this thesis could not have been researched and written without the valued guidance, supervision and continuous support from both of them. I would also like to thank the participants of the research who gave me their valuable time and insights through interviews for this thesis. I am also grateful to the BBC’s Written Archive Centre as well as the IBA Archive at Bournemouth University to be able to access the valuable archives for this research. This research could not have been possible without infinite support of my loving husband Amol. Also, this research could not have been possible if my then one-year old and now five-year old son Ruhaan had not been patient in his most playful years over the past four years. I would also like to express my gratitude to my family and friends who have endlessly encouraged me on this journey. This has been one of the most exciting, as well as challenging, experiences of my life and I look at it as a positive turning point. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Chapter One: Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Aims and objectives 2 1.3 Research Questions 3 1.4 Research Methods 4 1.5 Archives 5 1.6 In-depth semi-structured interviews 7 1.7 Ethical considerations 11 1.8 Limitations 12 1.9 Structure of the thesis 13 1.10 The Context 14 2. Chapter Two: Reflection on Asian migration and media 16 2.1 Introduction 16 2.2 Asian migration 16 2.3 The role of Ethnic Media 17 2.4 The impact of migration on the BBC 23 2.5 The idea of BBC’s local radio 24 2.6 Contribution from the Independent Local Radio (ILR) sector 26 2.7 The beginning of Community Radio 26 2.8 Conclusion 29 V 3. Chapter Three: 1960 – 1970: Asian migration and the BBC’s initiatives 30 3.1 Introduction 30 3.2 Post-war migration to Britain - historical context 30 3.3 Asian migration to Britain 31 3.4 Patterns of Asian migration and settlement 33 3.5 Race Relations and early integration measures 35 3.6 Asian migration and British media 40 3.7 The role of the BBC as a Public Service Broadcaster 43 3.8 The BBC’s Immigrants Programme Unit (IPU) 50 3.9 The BBC’s plans for local radio – background 57 3.10 BBC local radio for the Asian community 61 3.11 Conclusion 63 4. Chapter Four: 1971 – 1980: From representation to participation 64 4.1 Introduction 64 4.2 The continued migration 65 4.3 The BBC’s local radio service 68 4.4 The Independent Local Radio (ILR) sector 70 4.5 Ethnic media and multicultural broadcasting 73 4.6 The BBC’s multicultural broadcasting for the Asian community 76 4.7 From representation to participation 79 4.8 BBC Radio Leicester’s pioneering contribution to Asian programming 91 4.9 Contribution from the ILR sector to Asian programming 101 4.10 Conclusion 106 5. Chapter Five: 1981 – 1990: Further radio initiatives - Precursor of separate Asian radio broadcasting 107 5.1 Introduction 107 5.2 The continued attention to race relations in the 1980s 108 5.3 Good education as a foundation of a multicultural society 111 VI 5.4 The BBC’s continued Public Service Broadcasting for the Asian community 115 5.5 The Independent Broadcasting Authority’s (IBA) role 117 5.6 The Greater London Council’s (GLC) initiatives 118 5.7 The beginning of the community radio experiment 129 5.8 Incremental radio contracts and Asian radio broadcasters 137 5.9 Conclusion 147 6. Chapter Six: 1991 – 2004: More experiments towards the beginning of Asian radio broadcasting 149 6.1 Introduction 149 6.2 The implications of the Broadcasting Act 1990 150 6.3 Race dimensions 152 6.4 The Radio Authority in power 156 6.5 Restricted Service Licences (RSL) 162 6.6 The BBC’s continued role as a Public Service Broadcaster 168 6.7 Mother-tongue radio programmes and Localness 174 6.8 Re-emerging community radio movement 178 6.9 The concept of Community Radio 179 6.10 Access Radio - initiating access 186 6.11 Conclusion 194 7. Chapter Seven: Findings and Conclusion 196 Sources and Bibliography 207 VII 1. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Background This doctoral research examines the evolution of British Asian radio in England, covering the time period from 1960 to 2004. During the 1960s, the influx of migrants from the Indian sub-continent began to arrive in England, and the year 2004 saw the creation of third tier radio - Community Radio, which enabled Asian community groups to start independent, small-scale, micro-local, non-profit British Asian radio stations. Throughout this thesis, I use the term ‘Asian’ collectively to cover a range of ethnic minorities whose cultural roots emanate from the Indian sub-continent. By ‘Asian’, I mean mainly the Indian and Pakistani community, which migrated to England from India, Pakistan, East Africa and elsewhere. Although the term ‘Asian’ refers to the people from the continent of Asia, which comprises of many other countries than just India and Pakistan, I use this term to refer to England’s Indian and Pakistani community only. This term has been used in a similar way in industry and by the primary sources of this research. The BBC has used this term with a similar context by renaming its Immigrants Programme Unit as the Asian Programmes Unit that was initiated by the BBC for the Asian migrants in the 1960s. The BBC Asian Network is another example of how the term ‘Asian’ has been used to refer to England’s Indian and Pakistani listener community mainly. Also, this term has been used in a similar context by the primary sources for this research, including the BBC’s Written Archives and the key radio people that I interviewed. In the BBC’s Written Archives, the terms ‘Asian’ and ‘Asian Programmes Advisory Committee’ have been used to refer to the programmes produced for the Indian and Pakistani listener community in England. My interviewees Own Bentley, Don Kotak, Vijay Sharma, Salim Salam, Tony Stoller have used this term in a similar context in their interviews with me. Hence, throughout this thesis, I use the term ‘Asian’ mainly to refer to the Indian and Pakistani community in England. The religious associations of these Asian migrants comprise mainly Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism and their languages include primarily Hindi, Urdu, Punjabi and Gujarati. 1 During the post-war period, Asian population started migrating to England for various reasons, including seeking employment as a result of the industrial labour shortage. This phenomenon of migration started to bring in a change to existing British society.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Local Commercial Radio Content
    Local commercial radio content Qualitative Research Report Prepared for Ofcom by Kantar Media 1 Contents Contents ................................................................................................................................................. 2 1 Executive summary .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Summary of key findings .......................................................................................................... 5 2 Background and objectives ..................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Background ............................................................................................................................ 10 2.2 Research objectives ............................................................................................................... 10 2.3 Research approach and sample ............................................................................................ 11 2.3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.3.2 Workshop groups: approach and sample ........................................................................... 11 2.3.3 Research flow summary ....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • BBC Radio WM Make a Difference Heroes Awards Terms and Conditions
    BBC Radio WM Make a Difference Heroes Awards Terms and Conditions 1. In order to nominate someone, you must be a UK resident (including Channel Islands and the Isle of Man) aged 13 or over, and not be a BBC or BBC Group company employee, employee of any of its affiliates, close relative of any such employees or connected to the awards competition directly or through a close relative. You cannot nominate yourself. 2. Any person who is a resident or travels on a typically daily basis (e.g. for work and does not need to include weekends or bank holidays) in the West Midlands, except BBC or BBC Group company employees, employees of any of its affiliates, close relatives of any such employees or connected to the award directly or through a close relative. Proof of age, identity and eligibility may be requested. 3. Nominations can be made online at bbc.co.uk/wm Please provide as much information as possible to ensure the nomination can be judged for one of the categories below. Written nominations must not be any more than 150 words and audio/video nominations must not be longer than one minute. Please note that all nominations must be received no later than 6pm on Friday 15th January 2021. Any nominations received after this will not be accepted. 4. You agree to the broadcasting of your audio/video nomination and you will assign to us all rights in your contribution and for us to use it worldwide in perpetuity in all media known now or in the future.
    [Show full text]
  • Science in the Media
    Science in the media Clive Cookson Science Editor Financial Times “One thing I’ll say for us, Myer - we never stooped to popularize science.” “People hear or read about science most often through traditional media, such as television (54%) and print newspapers (32%). A fifth (19%) say one of their two most regular sources of information is the internet, though very few (2%) use science blogs specifically as one of their most regular sources.” - Public Attitudes to Science 2011, UK Government survey Source: Public Attitudes to Science 2011, UK Government report Trust in scientists working at... Universities 83% Charities 76% Environmental groups 72% Government 72% Scientists are... Serious 48% Objective 41% Rational 33% Good at public relations 5% Source: Public Attitudes to Science 2011, UK Government report Classic problems in reporting science: 1. Exaggeration / Sensationalism 2. Negativity 3. Campaigning journalism 1. Exaggeration / Sensationalism 16 March 2006 27 January 2005 World’s Largest Climate Change Experiment News Briefing Science Media Centre Briefing What? World’s Largest Climate Change Experiment: First Published Results When? 1030am Wednesday 26th January 2005 (Under strict embargo until 1800 hrs (GMT) 26 January, 2005) Where? Science Media Centre, 21Albemarle Street, W1S 4BS The first results of the world’s largest ever climate-modelling experiment, climateprediction.net, which is based in Oxford, are due to be published in Nature. With over 95, 000 participants from over 150 countries, the ongoing experiment involves participants downloading free software onto their computers that then runs in the background while their computers lie idle. The programme runs through a climate scenario over the course of a few days or weeks before automatically reporting back to climate researchers at Oxford University and collaborating institutions worldwide via the Internet, in order to make predictions about the climate in the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • One Man's Personal Campaign to Save the Building – Page 8
    The newspaper for BBC pensioners – with highlights from Ariel online Goodbye TVC One man’s personal campaign to save the building – page 8 April 2013 • Issue 2 bbC expenses regional dance band down television drama memories Page 2 Page 6 Page 7 NEWS • MEMoriES • ClaSSifiEdS • Your lEttErS • obituariES • CroSPEro 02 baCk at thE bbC Pollard Review findings On 22 February, acting director general Tim Davie sent the following email to all staff, in advance of the publication of the Nick Pollard. Pollard Review evidence: hen the Pollard Review was made clearer to ensure all entries meet BBC published back in December, Editorial standards. we said that we would The additional papers we’ve published Club gives tVC a great release all the evidence that today don’t add to Nick Pollard’s findings, send off WNick Pollard provided to us when he they explain the factual basis of how he (where a genuine and identifiable interest of delivered his report. Today we are publishing arrived at them. We’ve already accepted the BBC is at stake). Thank you to all the retired members and all the emails and documents that were the review in full and today’s publication There will inevitably be press interest and ex-staff who joined us for our ‘Goodbye to appended to the report together with the gives us no reason to revisit that decision as you would expect we’re offering support to TVC’ on 9 March. The day started with a transcripts of interviews given to the review. or the actions we are already taking.
    [Show full text]
  • Domain Stationid Station UDC Performance Date
    Number of days Amount Amount Performance Total Per Domain StationId Station UDC processed for from from Public Date Minute Rate distribution Broadcast Reception RADIO BR ONE BBC RADIO 1 NON PEAK BRA01 CENSUS 92 7.8347 4.2881 3.5466 RADIO BR ONE BBC RADIO 1 LOW PEAK BRB01 CENSUS 92 10.7078 7.1612 3.5466 RADIO BR ONE BBC RADIO 1 HIGH PEAK BRC01 CENSUS 92 13.5380 9.9913 3.5466 RADIO BR TWO BBC RADIO 2 NON PEAK BRA02 CENSUS 92 17.4596 11.2373 6.2223 RADIO BR TWO BBC RADIO 2 LOW PEAK BRB02 CENSUS 92 24.9887 18.7663 6.2223 RADIO BR TWO BBC RADIO 2 HIGH PEAK BRC02 CENSUS 92 32.4053 26.1830 6.2223 RADIO BR1EXT BBC RADIO 1XTRA NON PEAK BRA10 CENSUS 92 1.4814 1.4075 0.0739 RADIO BR1EXT BBC RADIO 1XTRA LOW PEAK BRB10 CENSUS 92 2.4245 2.3506 0.0739 RADIO BR1EXT BBC RADIO 1XTRA HIGH PEAK BRC10 CENSUS 92 3.3534 3.2795 0.0739 RADIO BRASIA BBC ASIAN NETWORK NON PEAK BRA65 CENSUS 92 1.4691 1.4593 0.0098 RADIO BRASIA BBC ASIAN NETWORK LOW PEAK BRB65 CENSUS 92 2.4468 2.4371 0.0098 RADIO BRASIA BBC ASIAN NETWORK HIGH PEAK BRC65 CENSUS 92 3.4100 3.4003 0.0098 RADIO BRBEDS BBC THREE COUNTIES RADIO NON PEAK BRA62 CENSUS 92 0.1516 0.1104 0.0411 RADIO BRBEDS BBC THREE COUNTIES RADIO LOW PEAK BRB62 CENSUS 92 0.2256 0.1844 0.0411 RADIO BRBEDS BBC THREE COUNTIES RADIO HIGH PEAK BRC62 CENSUS 92 0.2985 0.2573 0.0411 RADIO BRBERK BBC RADIO BERKSHIRE NON PEAK BRA64 CENSUS 92 0.0803 0.0569 0.0233 RADIO BRBERK BBC RADIO BERKSHIRE LOW PEAK BRB64 CENSUS 92 0.1184 0.0951 0.0233 RADIO BRBERK BBC RADIO BERKSHIRE HIGH PEAK BRC64 CENSUS 92 0.1560 0.1327 0.0233 RADIO BRBRIS BBC
    [Show full text]
  • Radio Harrow
    Community radio application form 1. Station Name Guidance Notes This is the name you expect to use to identify the station What is the proposed station name? on air. Radio Harrow 2. Community to be served Guidance Notes Define the community or communities you are It is a legislative requirement that a service is intended proposing to serve. Drawing from various sources of primarily to serve one or more communities (whether or data (e.g. from the Office of Population, Census and not it also serves other members of the public) and we Survey) and in relation to your proposed coverage need to understand who comprises that community or area, please determine the size of the population communities. The target community will also be concerned and the make-up of the population as a specified in the licence, if this application is successful. whole, along with any relevant socio-economic The legislation defines a ‘community’ as: people who live information that would support your application. or work or undergo education or training in a particular (Please tell us the sources of the information you area or locality, or people who have one or more provide.) interests or characteristics in common. Radio Harrow will serve a diverse and growing community living in the London Borough of Harrow, an outer London Borough in North West London and approximately 10 miles from central London. Covering 50 square kilometres, Harrow is the 12th largest borough in Greater London in terms of area, but 20th in terms of size of population (249,800) with an average population density of 49.5 persons per hectare.
    [Show full text]
  • Food, Culture and Globalization:London (2 Credit)
    Food, Culture and Globalization:London (2 credit) NYU London: Fall 2018 Instructor Information ● Dr Rodney J Reynolds ● Reynolds (+44 (0)7941573609 – WhatsApp or text) ● Instructor office hours (TBD & By appointment) ● Office location (NYUL Campus, 4 – 6 Bedford Square) ● Reynolds ([email protected]) Course Information ● Mondays (9am – 10.15am) and 3 Fridays (21 & 28 September, 7 December) ● NYU London Campus and Academic Center, 4 - 6 Bedford Square London Course Overview and Goals Food, Culture and Globalization, as a course in new sensory urbanism, seeks to expand the traditional scope and range of the studied senses from sight (e.g. art, architecture) and sound (music), to smell, taste and touch, so as to rethink what it means to be a modern urban subject engaged in the pleasures and powers of consumption. Historically, the natural sciences and the arts have engaged more fully with aural and visual senses, while tending to ignore more ostensibly subjective experiences of taste, smell and touch; yet the latter are experientially rich and evocative. This course engages with the gap and the connection between everyday sensory experience and expert knowledge. Through lectures, readings and field trips, students will master established facts and concepts about contemporary urban food cultures and produce new knowledge of the same. This two credit course will meet weekly (except for the last week of October and the first week of November) for a total of 20 hours across the semester between 3 September 2018 and 7 December 2018. Teaching will include a mix of classroom instruction and co-curricular tasks and trips in the Bloomsbury neighborhood of London, which surrounds the NYU London campus.
    [Show full text]
  • BOOK BANNED DUE to LURID REVELATIONS Submitted By: Know the Score Books Thursday, 24 May 2007
    BOOK BANNED DUE TO LURID REVELATIONS Submitted by: Know the Score Books Thursday, 24 May 2007 Paul Smith's newly published autobiography, 'WASTED?' has already caused quite a stir. In its first week it has been banned by his former employers, Warwickshire County Cricket Club, due to the lurid details of his career at the club and been the subject of several top notch reviews. The book tells the story of Smith's devil-may-care sporting career which saw him live the high life whilst winning trophies for Warwickshire, then plumb the depths, before emerging a new man, having lost his job, income, family and self respect, to work with inner city youths in the UK and Los Angeles to help them avoid the mistakes he made and avoid lives involving drugs, guns and crime. It is a modern morality tale which speaks to a far wider audience than that which would normally read a sporting autobiography. BRIEF SYNOPSIS 'WASTED?' is the story of how cricketer Paul Smith’s life fell apart after he received a drugs ban in 1997, which effectively ended his career. He was made a scapegoat and still believes he was singled-out while several other, favoured players were allowed to continue their careers. Paul lost his house, his marriage, his children and, of course, his job. How does a man come back from that? In this extraordinary autobiography, Paul Smith (a native of the north east of England) tells the story of the rock star lifestyle of a top cricketer, who produced Man of the Match performances at Lord’s to help Warwickshire to an unprecedented domestic treble of trophies, which set him on the slippery slope to oblivion.
    [Show full text]
  • 10 June 2011 Page 1 of 15
    Radio 4 Listings for 4 – 10 June 2011 Page 1 of 15 SATURDAY 04 JUNE 2011 SAT 07:00 Today (b011msk2) Series 74 Morning news and current affairs with John Humphrys and SAT 00:00 Midnight News (b011jx96) Evan Davis. Episode 8 The latest national and international news from BBC Radio 4. 08:10 How effective are plans to curb provocative images seen Followed by Weather. by children? A satirical review of the week's news, chaired by Sandi 08:30 Lord Lamont and Alistair Darling on the economy. Toksvig. With Rory Bremner, Jeremy Hardy, Mark Steel and 08:44 The man who inspired the classic film The Battle of Fred Macaulay. SAT 00:30 Book of the Week (b011mt39) Algiers. Ox Travels 08:49 Does London need its new Playboy club? SAT 12:57 Weather (b011jx9v) The Wrestler The latest weather forecast. SAT 09:00 Saturday Live (b011msk4) Ox Travels features original stories from twenty-five top travel Richard Coles with actor and director Richard Wilson, poet writers; this week we'll be featuring five of these stories. Susan Richardson, a woman who discovered her outwardly SAT 13:00 News (b011jx9x) respectable father was in fact a criminal gangster, and a man The latest national and international news from BBC Radio 4. Each of the stories takes as its theme a meeting life-changing, who kept a lion as a pet. There's an I Was There feature from a affecting, amusing by turn and together they transport readers man who worked on the world's first international satellite TV into a brilliant, vivid atlas of encounters.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Valuing Radio
    Valuing Radio How commercial radio contributes to the UK A report by the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Commercial Radio The data within Valuing Radio is largely drawn from a 2018 survey of Radiocentre members. It is supplemented by additional research which is sourced individually. Contents 01 Introduction 03 Overview and recommendations 05 The public value of commercial radio • News and information • Economic value • Charity and community 21 Commercial radio people 27 Future of radio Introduction The APPG on Commercial Radio helps provide this important industry with a voice in parliament. With record audiences and more ways to listen than ever before, the impact of the industry should not be underestimated. While the challenges facing the sector have changed over the years, the steadfast commitment of stations to provide public value content every day remains. This new report, the first of its kind produced by the APPG, showcases the rich public value content that commercial radio provides to listeners for free. Valuing Radio explores the impact made by stations up and down the country, over and above the music and entertainment output that audiences expect. It looks particularly at radio’s role in providing news and information, the sector’s significant support for both charitable fundraising and education, in addition to work to improve diversity within the industry. Alongside this important public value content is a significant economic contribution to local economies across the UK. For the first time we have analysis on the impact of local advertising and the return on investment (ROI) that this generates for particular nations and regions of the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Pocketbook for You, in Any Print Style: Including Updated and Filtered Data, However You Want It
    Hello Since 1994, Media UK - www.mediauk.com - has contained a full media directory. We now contain media news from over 50 sources, RAJAR and playlist information, the industry's widest selection of radio jobs, and much more - and it's all free. From our directory, we're proud to be able to produce a new edition of the Radio Pocket Book. We've based this on the Radio Authority version that was available when we launched 17 years ago. We hope you find it useful. Enjoy this return of an old favourite: and set mediauk.com on your browser favourites list. James Cridland Managing Director Media UK First published in Great Britain in September 2011 Copyright © 1994-2011 Not At All Bad Ltd. All Rights Reserved. mediauk.com/terms This edition produced October 18, 2011 Set in Book Antiqua Printed on dead trees Published by Not At All Bad Ltd (t/a Media UK) Registered in England, No 6312072 Registered Office (not for correspondence): 96a Curtain Road, London EC2A 3AA 020 7100 1811 [email protected] @mediauk www.mediauk.com Foreword In 1975, when I was 13, I wrote to the IBA to ask for a copy of their latest publication grandly titled Transmitting stations: a Pocket Guide. The year before I had listened with excitement to the launch of our local commercial station, Liverpool's Radio City, and wanted to find out what other stations I might be able to pick up. In those days the Guide covered TV as well as radio, which could only manage to fill two pages – but then there were only 19 “ILR” stations.
    [Show full text]
  • P R O C E E D I N G S
    T Y N W A L D C O U R T O F F I C I A L R E P O R T R E C O R T Y S O I K O I L Q U A I Y L T I N V A A L P R O C E E D I N G S D A A L T Y N HANSARD Douglas, Tuesday, 15th June 2021 All published Official Reports can be found on the Tynwald website: www.tynwald.org.im/business/hansard Supplementary material provided subsequent to a sitting is also published to the website as a Hansard Appendix. Reports, maps and other documents referred to in the course of debates may be consulted on application to the Tynwald Library or the Clerk of Tynwald’s Office. Volume 138, No. 24 ISSN 1742-2256 Published by the Office of the Clerk of Tynwald, Legislative Buildings, Finch Road, Douglas, Isle of Man, IM1 3PW. © High Court of Tynwald, 2021 TYNWALD COURT, TUESDAY, 15th JUNE 2021 Present: The President of Tynwald (Hon. S C Rodan OBE) In the Council: The Lord Bishop of Sodor and Man (The Rt Rev. P A Eagles), The Attorney General (Mr J L M Quinn QC), Mr P Greenhill, Mr R W Henderson, Mrs K A Lord-Brennan, Mrs M M Maska, Mr R J Mercer, Mrs J P Poole-Wilson and Mrs K Sharpe with Mr J D C King, Deputy Clerk of Tynwald. In the Keys: The Speaker (Hon. J P Watterson) (Rushen); The Chief Minister (Hon.
    [Show full text]