TSUNAMIS LIBRARY on the WESTERN SHORE SEP 14 1964 of the BIBLIOTHÈQUE Niches & Océans PACIFIC OCEAN
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Catalogue of Fisheries & Oceans TSUNAMIS LIBRARY on the WESTERN SHORE SEP 14 1964 of the BIBLIOTHÈQUE Niches & Océans PACIFIC OCEAN S.L.SOLOVIEV Er CH.N.G0 Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences No. 5077 Catalogue of tsunamis on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean S. L. Soloviev and Ch. N. Go Original title: Katalog tsunami na zapadnom poberezh'e tikhogo okeana In: Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, 310 pp., 1974 Original language: Russian Available from: Canada Institute for Scientific and Technical Information National Research Council Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KlA 0S2 1984 447 typescript pages Correct citation for this publication: Soloviev, S. L., and Ch. N. Go. 1974. A catalogue of tsunamis on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean (173-1968). Nauka Publishing House, Moscow, USSR, 310 pp. Can. Transi. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 5077, 1984. iii Canadian Translation of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 5077 Catalogue of tsunamis on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean S. L. Soloviev and Ch. N. Go Translated from Russian by the Slavonic Languages Section Translation Bureau Department of the Secretary of State of Canada S. O. Wigen, Compiler Institute of Ocean Sciences Department of Fisheries and Oceans Sidney, B.C., Canada V8L 4B2 1984 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Aleutian-Alaska Island Arc 17 Japanese Island Arc 33 Pacific Coast 33 Coast of Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk 143 Ryukyu-Taiwan Island Arc 180 Coast of Asian Continent 186 Nampo, Mariana, Caroline, Marshall Islands 189 Philippine Archipelago 194 Indonesian Archipelago 225 New Guinea, New Britain, New Ireland 290 Solomon Islands, Santa Cruz, New Hebrides 304 Tables 315 List of basic tsunami parameters 368 Appendix. Conversion of old measures into metric 396 References 397 Abbreviations 437 vi Preface to English Edition The catalogue of Pacific tsunamis was prepared mainly in 1964-1974. A definite stimulus to undertake this work was the appearance of the "Annotated Bibliography on Tsunamis" compiled with my participation and edited by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics in Paris in 1964. The bibliography was an important clue to many previously unknown publications on tsunamis dispersed in different national and interna- tional editions. The desire to have under hand all original descriptions of tsunamis in a compact form is experienced by every investigator of tsunamis. My. first step in this direction was the compilation of all actual data on tsunamis observed on the Pacific shores of Kamchatka and Kuril Islands, which was done by the end of the 1950s. The present edition is the product of double translation; at first from English, French, German and Spanish into Russian and then from Russian into English. Of course the better way would be the translation directly from original languages into English, or citation English texts, • because a danger always exists in accumulation of errors during each translation. But recompilation of the catalogue in such a manner would require several years of hard work and it would be almost impossible. I have had the opportunity to read the manuscript of the English translation and my impression is that the general sense of description is passed correctly, although there are some minor inexactitudes. Some errors found in the Russian text have been removed during the transla- tion. But the catalogue itself is still open to discussion and additions. My sincere thanks to the staff of the Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, Canada, and especially to Mr. Sydney O. Wigen for efforts to realize this English edition of my, together with Mr. Ch. N. Go, book, and I hope that this edition will be useful in further investigations of such important problems as tsunamis. • Prof. S. L. Soloviev Moscow, 1982 vii Foreword and Acknowledgement In their two-volume catalogue, Catalogue of tsunamis on the western shore of the Pacific Ocean (1974) and Catalogue of tsunamis on the eastern shore of the Pacific Ocean (1975) S. L. Soloviev and Ch. N. Go have assembled the most complete descrip- tive summary of tsunamis that have struck the shores of the Pacific Ocean. Their records embrace both localized and ocean-wide destructive occurrences, and in some cases go back more that 1000 years. Knowledge of these past events is essential in making an authentic evaluation of tsunami hazard. In order to make this body or knowledge more generally available to tsunamists, the Institute of Ocean Sciences has undertaken to have these works translated into English, and to publish them for free distribution to researchers. We express our great appreciation to the authors, Soloviev and Go, for the work they have done in the compilation, and also the time and care they have taken to review and correct the translations; to The Copyright Agency of the U.S.S.R. for permission to publish; and to the Translation Bureau of the Secretary of State, Ottawa, for its concern and diligence in seeking to provide an accurate translation in a specialized technical field. In the listing of References in the original edition, papers pub- lished in Russian were listed first, followed by papers published in other languages. Titles of papers in Japanese were given in English translation and sequenced alphabetically into the second section. The same sequence is retained in this translation, but with Russian titles and sources translated into English. I would like to thank the many tsunamists who have given encourage- ment and guidance in the production of this work; to express particular appreciation to W. Hamilton, preliminary translator of the Eastern Pacific; G. Daze, principal translator; and Mary Lane, Marilee Nugent, and Partricia Straub for their sustained effort and enthusiasm in pre- paring these works for publication. For any errors that remain I accept responsibility. Sydney O. Wigen 1983 v iii Academy of Sciences of the USSR Interdepartmental Council on Seismology and Earthquake Resistant Construction Sakhalin Integrated Scientific Research Institute Far East Scientific Centre Abstract A Catalogue of Tsunamis on the Western Shore of the Pacific Océan (173-1968). S. L. Soloviev, Ch. N. Go, Moscow, "Nauka", 1974. This monograph contains descriptions of about 600 tsunamis and related phenomena, observed on the northern and western coasts of the Pacific Ocean. Earthquakes and other processes which cause tsunamis are also described. As far as possible, estimates are given of the intensity of all tsunamis in degrees on a special scale, as well as the coordinates of the focus and of the energy (magnitude) of the earthquakes which generated the tsunamis. The book will be of interest to seismologists, oceanographers, specialists in tectonic geology, volcanologists, geographers, and to the inhabitants of the Pacific coast of the USSR, and those involved in the development of various operations in the coastal areas of the Pacific Ocean. 129 illustrations, 66 tables, 556 reference items. Editor-in-chief, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences E. F. Savarenskii Copyright, "Nauka", 1974 (Russian edition) /3* INTRODUCTION Objectives of the study. Tsunamis are specific marine flood waves, which are caused by submarine earthquakes and some other transient natural processes. They are a terrible natural catastrophe on the shores of the Pacific Ocean, including the coast of the USSR. Tsunamis do not occur frequently, but still at approximately eighteen-month intervals, at least one destructive tsunami takes place somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. This obliges us to study the tsunami phenomenon and to find means of protecting people and property from the destructive waves. The urgency of the problem constantly grows as the population increases and industry develops in the coastal regions. In the USSR, the ncessity for detailed study of tsunamis became obvious after the catastrophic Kamchatka earthquake of November 5, 1952. This earthquake generated tsunami waves, which partly washed away Severo- Kuril'sk and other settlements on the north of the Kuril Islands and in the south of Kamchatka (Savarenskii et al., 1958). At the present time, tsunami defense amounts mainly to two measures: 1) Tsunami zoning of the coast; that is, specifying the possible zone of flooding, with the aim, as far as possible, of removing structures from this zone. 2) Organizing tsunami warning systems for the inhabitants of coastal settlements. Effective tsunami prediction services, created or substantially modernized in the post-war period in the largest countries in the Pacific basin (USSR, USA, Japan), taken together now cover the greater part of the Pacific. For these services to work effectively, we must have a clear idea as to where precisely in the Pacific and how freqently tsunamis arise, and also as to how the probability of the generation of tsunamis by earthquakes depends on certain parametres of underground shocks. To answer these questions, we must collect and analyze all the data on tsunamis and strong earthquakes in the Pacific. Such work was begun by the authors almost ten years ago. The first necessary stage was to collect the information about Pacific tsu- namis, scattered in numerous publications, as a rule little known in the USSR. A detailed catalogue of Pacific tsunamis is thus offered to read- ers in this publication. This is the first time in the world such a detailed catalogue has been prepared. This book contains data on the *Numbers in the right-hand margin mark the commencement of the corres- ponding pages in the original text - Transl. 2 northern and western coasts of the Pacific Ocean, from the Alaskan penin- sula to the New Hebrides Islands. Data for the southern and eastern coasts of the Paciiic will appear in a subsequent book. A tentative numerical parametrization of the tsunamis, complied in this catalogue (mainly an estimate of their intensity and focal co- ordinates) was done previously (Soloviev, Go, 1969). This parametriza- tion, in turn, was used to obtain a tentative estimate of the frequency of tsunamis in the Pacific Ocean and to derive an approximate formula by which to calculate the probability of the generation of tsunamis by earthquakes occurring in the Pacific (Soloviev, 1972).