The CITES Secretariat, in collaboration Resources with UNEP-WCMC, is currently working to CITES Trade: A Snapshot develop an integrated species information platform to enhance the provision of CITES Report on trade trends of Appendix II CITES-listed species: www.cites.org/ species information services. The platform common/docs/Recent-trends-in-international-trade-in-Appendix-II-listed-species.pdf will support future CITES developments, The CITES trade database: www.unep-wcmc-apps.org/citestrade/trade.cfm including electronic permitting, improved The CITES species database: www.cites.org/eng/resources/species.html data exchange mechanisms, trade visualisation tools and future links with other species-related treaties and relevant For further information contact: Publication of this brochure was made external databases. CITES Secretariat possible by the financial support of the International Environment House European Commission Chemin des Anémones CH-1219 Châtelaine, Geneva Switzerland Tel: +41-(0)22-917-81-39/40 Fax: +41-(0)22-797-34-17 Email: [email protected]

International trade in wildlife makes a substantial contribution to the global economy and human well-being. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) aims to ensure that no species of wild animal or plant becomes, or remains subject to over-exploitation through international trade. CITES plays an important role in supporting sustainable development by ensuring that trade in wild animals and plants is legal, sustainable and traceable. With over 12 million trade records provided by Parties, the CITES Trade Database represents the largest global information resource on sustainable use of wildlife. Analysis of trends in international trade in CITES-listed species can help inform decision-makers and improve implementation of the Convention. Photo credits: Frank Wouters (Morelia viridis); Alan D. Wilson (Ursus arctos); Luc Viatour (Ara ararauna); Frank Vincentz (Mammilaria compressa); Petra Karstedt (Cuora amboinensis); AmericanXplorer13 (Iguana iguana); Ridard (Chamaeleo dilepis); Richard Ling (Coral reef); Jean-Guy Dallaire (Orchidaceae spp.); Scientist Solutions (Dendrobates pumilio). Trade trends Highly traded wild Appendix II species for each taxonomic group, 1996-2010 Analysing CITES trade data UNEP-WCMC analysed international Exports of Appendix II live plants, 1996-20101 Species Major wildlife group Item in trade CITES affords varying degrees of trade regulation to nearly 35,000 species of animals trade trends in key commodities 140 Ursus americanus American Black Bear Mammals Trophies and plants. About 97% of these species (included in Appendices II and III) can be of Appendix II species over the 120 Lycalopex griseus South American Grey Fox Mammals Skins commercially traded under certain conditions set by the Convention. The remaining 1 period 1996-2010 . The analysis 100 Poicephalus senegalus Senegal Parrot Birds Live 3% of these species are generally prohibited from international commercial trade included trade in wild, ranched, 80 Cuora amboinensis Malaysian Box Turtle Reptiles Live (Appendix I). The trade is diverse, ranging from live mammals to reptile leather, captive-bred and artificially 60 (millions) Varanus salvator Common Water Monitor Reptiles Skins ornamental corals to plant products (medicines and fragrances) and timbers. propagated specimens. 40 Number Exported 20 Mantella aurantiaca Golden Mantella Amphibians Live CITES trade data provide the basis for monitoring the implementation of the Notable trends identified in the 0 Acipenser stellatus Star Sturgeon Fish Caviar Convention. The data are used to inform many key CITES processes such as determining analysis included: whether specimens have been legally and sustainably sourced, managing harvests and 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Pandinus imperator Emperor Scorpion Invertebrates Live  An increase in mammal skins setting trade quotas, and reviewing trade levels to ensure sustainableainable in trade, particularly in the Scleractinia spp. Stony corals Invertebrates Live use of species. Analysis of the data can 1 years 2006-2008; Exports of Appendix II caviar (kg), 1998-2010 Strombus gigas Queen Conch Invertebrates Bodies identify unusual patterns or important  Total Wild Captive-produced Galanthus woronowii Snowdrops Plants (bulbs) Live volumes of trade, help to inform A decrease in trade in caviar 200 Pericopsis elata African Teak Trees Timber management decisions and identify (kg), with volumes traded 150 species in trade that may benefit from in the period 2005-2010 Aquilaria malaccensis Agarwood Trees Fragrance products substantially lower than additional policy responses. 100 Prunus africana African cherry Trees Medicinal products volumes in trade prior to that; Taxus wallichiana Himalayan yew Trees Medicinal products  50 An increase in trade in timber Orchidaceae spp. Orchids Ornamental plants species (m3) since 2003 in Quantity Exported (1,000 kg) 0 Cyathea spp. Tree ferns Ornamental plants part accounted for by new Value of CITES trade listings of timber species in 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Euphorbia spp. Succulent plants Ornamental plants CITES Appendix II and; Hoodia spp. Succulent plants Dietary supplements Globally, trade in all wildlife is valued Value of trade in AppendixAppendix IIII animalsanimals1  For many species, an increase in in the billions of dollars. For key the number of captive-produced commodities of CITES-listed Appendix 5% or ranched specimens in trade with Top exporters and importers of live Appendix II reptiles, 1996-20101 8% II animals the monetary value is a decrease in the number of wild conservatively estimated to range from specimens. USD350-530 million per year1, or almost 10% USD2.2 billion over the five year period 62% 2006-2010. For plants, trade in Big-leaf 15% Mahogany Swietenia macrophylla alone is likely to have been worth an estimated USD168 million during the period 2006- 2010. Many species that are traded internationally play important roles in Reptiles Mammals Birds the provision of ecosystem services and Fish Invertebrates supporting local livelihoods. Ensuring that use of and trade in these species is legal and sustainable will have many benefits.

1www.cites.org/common/docs/Recent-trends-in-international-trade-in-Appendix-II-listed-species.pdf