World Bank Korea Week 2020
Platform
Service
IoT Smart Cities of Korea Smart City
Platform Platform
Application Trends
2 Development of Smart City
2016 1993 2006 2011 2012 2018 Europe, Barcelona, China, US, Amsterdam Korea, Living Lab started Smart City announced a plan Pres. Obama Digital City National Pilot Now, over 150 working World Congress to build Smart City Smart City 320 smart cities R&D Plan
Gen 1 : Sustainability Gen 2 : City Efficiency Gen 3 : Intelligent City Service Gen 4 : ?
2004 2008 2011 2014 2017 2019 Korea, India, Global companies Seoul, Dubai, Google, started u-City likeIBM, CISCO, Smart Seoul 100 Smart Cities Sidewalk Test of Urban Smart City Strategies ITU Best Practice Master Plan Singapore, Robotics Smart Nation like a flying taxi
3 Approaches to Smart Cities
Holistic Approach Smart City x.0 Smart City 6.0 Smart City 5.0 Smart City 4.0
Smart City 3.0 City as a Product City as a Platform
Smart City 2.0
Smart City 1.0
Fragmented Approach
4 Smart cities are …
Urban Development Strategy? National Development Strategy?
Smart Economy Solutions Regional Development
Creating Urban Problems New Society
5 Smart City development model
Architecture and platforms are key to City as a Platform the advancement of Smart City
Horizontal Interoperability - A city works as a platform - Well-designed - Removal of silos architecture(rules and between related structure) in place Present domains like safety- - Interoperability of data, related domains, systems and services welfare-related across the city domains, etc. - City substantially Vertical - Architecture & enables the use of platforms bridge smart technologies Interoperability domains and enable such as robot and AR - Link or integration of new convergence Smart services in a services Smart System domain or along the - A totally new service same value chain from existing ones Infratructure - Service hub for each - Institutional innovation - Separated system is needed - Modern physical - Smart devices like domain infrastructure smart card, street lights - Smart energy, smart - Tech friendly city traffic, etc. 6 Smart City Winter
7 AI Winter
8 u-City had a good start and produced best cases in the early 2000s
9 u-City lost momentum and Korea fell into smart city winter
Number of Greenfield u-City in Korea
10 What’s wrong with u-City?
City as a Product - Separation of build and operation - Lack of continuous innovations - Reliance on developer for investment
Fragmented Approach - Focus on service without common platform - Missing the power of architecture and platform
Hwasung-Dongtan, the first greenfield u-city in 2008
11 Retry
12 The Korean government adopted the 4th Industrial Revolution as a new development strategy in 2017. Smart City was regarded as an integral part of the 4IR.
13 New Smart City Strategy of Korea in 2018
1. Technology-driven ➡ Human-oriented Smart city
2. Urban development ➡ City as an engine for innovation-based growth
3. Investment in infrastructure ➡ Value for citizen from service
4. One-size-fits-all service ➡ Customized city
5. One-off development ➡ Sustainable city as a platform
6. Supplier and public led ➡ Customer and private led open city
7. Fragmented policy and projects ➡ Converged and linked city
14 Approaches to Types of Cities
Type Direction Key policy
Apply new technologies and National pilot cities New city establish new infrastructures Regulation-free regions
Develop services promptly by using Data hub Growing city mature technologies Specialized services zones
Apply smart solutions under the Regenerate a city based on smart city Shrinking city government’s leadership strategies
15 Law & Plan
Special Act Comprehensive Planning
• Act on u-City Constructions & etc. Focused on 1st Plan established construction & vertical (2009~2013) Nov. 2009 - enacted world first smart city act data integration in March 2008 - approached smart city as a product Focus on service & 2nd Plan Sep. 2013 horizontal data (2014~2018) integration • Act on Smart City Creation & etc.
3rd Plan Focus on innovation & - revised in July 2018 Jun 2019 - approached smart city as a platform (2019~2023) platform
16 Organization
• At a National Level - Special Committee on Smart City Nov. 2017 - Government Committee on Smart City
• At a City Level - 84 Cities have smart city projects (as of Jun 2019) - No. of cities with dedicated SC squad
10(’14) → 34(’18) → 46(’19)
17 Korea’s New Smart City Strategy
Sejong 5-1 Zone National Pilot New City Transform Smart City Busan EDC
Smart City Challenge (’19~ ) Smart City Growing City City-specific Service Dev. (’18~’20) Data Hub Reform
Shrinking City City Regeneration
18 Busan Pilot Smart City
19 Digital Digitalization Transformation
Smart Smart City Transformation
20 Busan EDC
21 Overview of Busan National Pilot Smart City
2018.3 2018.12 2020 2021 2022
Selected Master Design Build & Test Open Evolve Plan
Pilot Smart City is …
Model House Development Lab Test bed
• Future City Concept • Common Services for all • Real Environment Test bed • Basic City Platform Cities • Open Innovation • Living Lab
22 Busan aims to be the world first Augmented City
Digital (Data, AI) + AR/VR Augmented City + Robotics
23 ① City Computing (Super-Computer) Digital Platform ② Intelligent Communication ③ City-wide Cyber Security ④ Data Hub
① Dynamic Digital Twin Augmented Reality Platform ② Precision Location ③ Data with Geo-context
① Robot Management at the City Level Robot Platform ② City Design for Robot Use ③ Robot Risk Management Lessons
25 The Power of Architecture & Platforms
Without A&P With A&P
- Investment-driven development - Innovation-driven - Silos of Services & Infrastructures - Democratization of technology - Short term effects - Connected city and sharing of Infra - Long term effects
26 The Role of Governments
Services in City Private
public public public public public Local Services by City service service service service service Government
National Smart City Base Institutions, Technology, Architecture & Platforms Government
27 The Role of Governments
Top-down
•Active role of national •Promotion of citizen government engagement •Architecture of smart •Private investment and city platform service development •Interoperability •Testbed for creative between cities ideas
Bottom-up
28 Smart City Guidelines
One of big contributions by The World Bank and the Korean government is to develop guidelines together for cities and policymakers around the world
Smart City Guidelines • Common Language & Process •Concept & Structure •Policy & Organizational • Long-term & Holistic Perspective Framework • Systematic Approach •Key Steps •Best Practices • Knowledge Sharing •Financing & Business Model • Leap frogging of developing cities •Evaluation ….
29 Thank you
Hwang, Jong-Sung, Ph.D. Master Planner of Busan National Pilot Smart City of Korea Lead Researcher at National Information Society Agency [email protected]
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