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Kultūros Barai Kultūros ir meno mėnesinis žurnalas. Eina nuo 1965 m. KULTŪROS BARAI Vyriausioji redaktorė Rūpesčiai ir lūkesčiai Laima KANOPKIENĖ 2 62 38 61 Rasa RADZevičiūtĖ. Pasirengę rytojui? Keletas įžvalgų iš konferencijos apie Europos kultūros ateitį / 2 Rengia Giedrius Subačius. Kalbos klaidų didybė / 4 Almantas SAMALAVIČIUS Liudvika POCIūNIENĖ. Apie manipuliacijas ir savigyną / 11 (kultūrologija, architektūra) 2 62 38 61 Nuomonės apie nuomones Rūta GAIDamavičiūtĖ (muzika) 2 62 38 61 Astrida PETRAITYTĖ. Heroizmo hierarchija / 17 Monika MeiluTYTĖ Kūryba ir kūrėjai (teatras) 8 614 12855 Kęstutis Šapoka Ramunė BalevičiūtĖ. Teatras – publika – kritika. Keletas poleminių pastabų / 18 (dailė) 8 684 83115 Audronis Liuga. Jobo stalas. Premjera Vičencoje / 22 Asta DEKSNYTĖ Vlada KalpokaiTĖ. Be teisės į tragediją. „Mūsų klasė“ NDT / 25 (dizainerė) 2 61 05 38 Kristina SABUKIENĖ Kęstutis Šapoka. Akis už akį, dantis už dantį. Mindaugo Navako „Trys dalykai“ / 29 (kompiuterininkė) 2 61 05 38 Tamara STripko. Dailininkas, pakeitęs suvokimą apie šiandienines vaizduojamojo Dalia MEČKAUSKAITĖ (korektorė) meno galimybes / 32 Irena Žaganevičienė Save visur nešamės su savimi. Ivaną Marčuką kalbina Gedmintė Samsonaitė / 34 (buhalterė) 2 62 31 04 Vita MOzūRAITĖ. Festivalio Aura’23 misija – griauti stereotipus. Ar jie sugriuvo? / 36 Zita ČepaiTĖ. Londonas – tinkama vieta lietuvių dizainui / 42 Redakcinė kolegija Romualdas Lankauskas. Liūdnoji Nida. Esė / 46 Eugenijus IgnaTavičius. Stirna. Dokumentinė drama / 49 Vytautas BERENIS Endre BOJTÁR (Vengrija) Praeities dabartis Alfredas Bumblauskas Vita GRUODYTĖ. Nacionalinė muzika versus muzikinis nacionalizmas: sovietų Pietro U. DINI (Italija) Carl Henrik FREDRIKSSON (eurozine) ideologijos spraga / 64 Vita GRUODYTĖ (Prancūzija) Istorijos puslapiai Algis MICKūNAS Virgilijus ČEPAITIS. Nepriklausomybės blokada / 70 Liana RUOKYtĖ Antanas Šileika (Kanada) Laikai ir žmonės Vygantas VAREIKIS Valdemaras KlumbYS. Vienas iš nenugalėtųjų. Labai subjektyvus Kęstučio Jokubyno Kazys VARNELIS jr. (JAV) portretas / 80 Kęstutis JOKUBYNAS. Iš ciklo „Nenugalėtieji“ / 82 Redakcijos adresas Paveldas ir paminklai Latako g. 3, 01125 Vilnius Algimantas Bacevičius. Palinkėjimai Bernardinų sodui / 87 el. paštas: [email protected], Retrospektyva [email protected] Faksas: 2 62 38 61 Audronė GIRDZIJauskaiTĖ. Moteris, prikalta prie savo pačios nepasitikėjimo kryžiaus. Artiomas Inozemcevas apie Moniką Mironaitę / 90 Visai nejuokingi skaitiniai © Leidėjas – VšĮ „Kultūros barų“ leidykla. SL 101 Krescencija ŠURKUTĖ. Politinė providencija / 93 Summaries / 95 Redakcija nereika lau­­ja, kad spaus di na mų straipsnių mintys atitiktų jos nuomonę Viršelio 1 p.: Vladislovas ŽILIUS. Iš ciklo „Indėnų vasara“ (Indian Summer). 10 dešimtmetis Akrilas, pastelė, tušinukas, flomasteriai, vario ir aukso folija Kultūros barai yra Eurozine the net ma ga zine partneris. www.eurozine.com 4 p.: Mindaugas NavakAS. Iš parodos „Trys dalykai“ Vidmanto Ilčiuko nuotr. K u l t ū r o s b a r a i 2 0 1 3 · 10 1 Rūpesčiai ir lūkesčiai Rasa RADZevičiūtĖ Pasirengę rytojui? Keletas įžvalgų iš konferencijos apie Europos kultūros ateitį teities scenarijai: kultūros atsakas į Europos Lietuvoje autorių teisių industrija sukuria daugiau „ASąjungos socialinės ir ekonominės raidos iš- nei 5 proc. BVP, be to, 2008–2011 m. krizė užimtumą šūkius“, – taip vadinosi spalio 1–2 d. Vilniuje vyku- kultūros ir kūrybos sektoriuose paveikė mažiau nei si konferencija, surengta Lietuvos pirmininkavimo kitose ES ekonomikos srityse), visa tai iškėlė daugiau ES Tarybai proga. Ateitis tiek lietuviškame, tiek an- klausimų, negu pateikė atsakymų. Atrodo, esminė gliškame (Ready for Tomorrow?) konferencijos pa- problema – įrodyti pačios kultūros, ne kaip verslo ar vadinime minima neatsitiktinai – artėjant naujam turistinės veiklos, vertę. Ministras Birutis net siūlė iš 2014–2020 m. ES finansiniam laikotarpiui, reikia naujo apibrėžti pačią kultūros sąvoką, esą politikai ir persvarstyti kultūros politiką, ypač atsižvelgiant į visuomenė suvokia ją taip skirtingai, o ji apima tokią ekonominę padėtį ir struktūrinių fondų lėšas. daugybę sferų (nuo paveldo iki kino ar netgi sporto), Iki šių metų pabaigos pirmininkaujanti Lietuva į kad tai trukdo aprėpti kultūros politikos lauką, nu- renginį sukvietė aukšto rango Europos Parlamento ir statyti jo ribas. Komisijos pareigūnus, Europos šalių vyriausybinių institucijų atstovus, kultūros ekspertus. Deja, kaip ne * kartą savo pasisakymuose pažymėjo dalyviai, konfe- rencijoje, kurios tikslas – aptarti kultūros politiką, „Ne viskas, ką įmanoma suskaičiuoti, yra svarbu, ne pasigesta pačių politikų. Atidarę renginį ir kiek pa- viską, kas svarbu, įmanoma suskaičiuoti“, – tokia minti- diskutavę, kitą dieną jie išvyko į neformalų kultūros mi, kiek ginčytinai priskiriama Albertui Einsteinui, rė- ir audiovizualinių reikalų ministrų susitikimą. mėsi vienas iš konferencijos pranešėjų Anthony’s Liley’s, Konferencijos tikslus atidarymo kalbose išdėstė kartu su Paulu Moore’u kalbėdamas apie statistikos Lietuvos kultūros ministras Šarūnas Birutis, komisa- naudą ir žalą kultūros sferai. Kaip pamatuoti kultūros rė Androulla Vassiliou, atsakinga už Europos Komi- renginių vertę, kaip atskirti projekto pelnus nuo socio- sijos švietimo, kultūros, daugiakalbystės ir jaunimo kultūrinių jo nuopelnų? Kaip pateisinti kultūrai skiria- reikalus, Europos Parlamento Kultūros ir švietimo mus pinigus, kas įrodo, kad jie nebuvo išmesti į balą? komiteto pirmininkė Doris Pack. Nors pasakyta daug Statistinė analizė nėra pakankama, iš jos galima sužinoti, gražių žodžių apie kūrybinių industrijų svarbą, net pavyzdžiui, kiek lankytojų pritraukė renginys, tačiau kur remtasi faktais (pavyzdžiui, ES kultūros ir kūrybos sek- kas svarbesnė informacija susijusi su tuo, kokį poveikį jis toriai sukuria 3,3 proc. BVP, įdarbina 6,7 mln. žmonių, padarė jų požiūriams, jų jausmams. Todėl renkami duo- 2 K u l t ū r o s b a r a i 2 0 1 3 · 10 menys ir apie tai, ką žmonės kalba, kas jiems patiko, kas skaitmeninimas, naujosios technologijos kaip tik ir ne, kokiais įspūdžiais jie dalijasi vieni su kitais. sulaukė daugiausia dėmesio. Skaitmenizuoti kultū- Bene išsamiausią informaciją apie kultūros svar- ros ir paveldo turinį tampa vienu iš investicinių ES bą, įtaką ir įnašą ne vien ekonominiu aspektu savo prioritetų kultūros srityje. To pavyzdys – Europeana, pasisakyme pateikė Pieras Luigi’s Sacco, kultūros skaitmeninė Europos biblioteka, skirta supažindin- ekonomistas, kultūra grindžiamos plėtros ekspertas ti su istoriniu ir kultūriniu paveldu. Viena įdomes- iš Italijos. Jis pristatė tyrimą, paremtą reprezentaty- nių projekto iniciatyvų – eilinių žmonių perteikiami via Italijos gyventojų apklausa, kuria siekta išsiaiškinti ir atkuriami istoriniai įvykiai, pavyzdžiui, Europeana santykį tarp dalyvavimo kultūroje ir bendros psicho- 1989, skirta prisiminimams apie Baltijos kelią internete loginės savijautos. Dalyvavimą kultūros renginiuose įamžinti, arba kaupiamas šeimų istorijų ir fotografijų susiejus su pagrindiniais subjektų tikslais, paaiškėjo, archyvas, pasakojantis apie Pirmąjį pasaulinį karą… kad subjektyvi gerovė labiau priklauso nuo kultūros Apmaudu, kad kita su technologijomis susijusi, kul- negu nuo pajamų, amžiaus, išsilavinimo, lyties, darbo tūros veikėjams ypač aktuali tema – autorių teisės – ar gyvenamosios vietos. Sacco teigimu, kultūrinė vei- taip ir nesulaukė konkrečių siūlymų, kaip spręsti vis kla ypač naudinga senyviems ar sunkiai sergantiems opesnes šios srities problemas. Daugiausia dėmesio žmonėms, – tą patvirtina išsamūs klinikiniai tyrimai. šiai temai skyręs Pierre’as Lescure’as iš Prancūzijos, Į kultūros sferą įsitraukiantys pacientai greičiau ir analizuojantis kultūros politiką skaitmeniniame efektyviau sveiksta, ilgiau gyvena. Dar vienas įdo- amžiuje, skatino politikus kurti naujus teisės aktus, mus aspektas – glaudesnį sąlytį su kultūra patirian- atsižvelgiančius į skaitmeninę kultūrą, o piratavimo tys žmonės yra kur kas labiau linkę rūšiuoti atliekas, problemas spręsti steigiant teisėtus kultūros turinio net jei tam skirti konteineriai yra tolokai nuo namų. sklaidos šaltinius, gerbiančius autorių teises. Žmonės, abejingiau žvelgiantys į kultūrą, nusiteikę priešingai – net būdami išsilavinę ir pasiturintys, tam * pastangų neskiria. Sacco teigimu, kultūra ne tik tei- kia žmonėms džiaugsmą, gerina jų savijautą, gilina Pasak Vassiliou, „pokalbiai apie kultūros ekonomiką savivoką ar keičia pasaulėjautą, bet gali ir netiesiogiai nereiškia, kad atmetama esminė, kiekybiškai nenusta- veikti ekonomiką, papildydama tiesioginį kūrybinių toma kultūros vertė“. Belieka jai pritarti. Menininkai industrijų įnašą. Jei rastume būdą, kaip išmatuoti ne- kultūros vertę žinojo ir žinos, ekonomistams, politi- tiesioginį kultūros poveikį, būtų įmanoma naujai su- kams rūpėjo ir rūpės finansavimo, dotacijų klausimai, sieti kultūros politiką su ekonomikos politika. o skeptikams, vis klausinėjantiems, kaipgi nustatyti tą neva mistinę kultūros vertę, bus galima pateikti keletą * konferencijoje išgirstų argumentų. Nors svarbūs, net svarbiausi dalykai iš tikrųjų ne visada suskaičiuojami, Antrą konferencijos dieną, po įvadinio prista- atrodo, statistika neišvengiamai būtina, bent jau ku- tymo darbas vyko keturiose paralelinėse grupėse, riant strategijas ES paramai gauti. Lietuva šį meną pui- tyrusiose konkrečias kultūrinės veiklos sferas, pa- kiai įvaldžiusi, juokais savo kalboje pažymėjo Estijos vyzdžiui, kaip skatinti kultūros poreikį, bendradar- Kultūros ministerijai atstovavęs Ragnaras Siilas, pa- biaujant mokykloms
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