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Biology in the Modern World Study Guide Southwest Minnesota State University Chapter 1
Biology in the Modern World Study Guide Southwest Minnesota State University Chapter 1 Chapter Objectives Biology and Society: Biology All Around Us 1. Describe three examples of how biology is woven into the fabric of society. The Scope of Life 2. Describe seven properties or processes we associate with life. 3. List and give an example of each level of biological organization, starting with an ecosystem and ending with atoms. 4. Describe the two main dynamic processes in an ecosystem. 5. Compare the structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 6. Distinguish between the three domains and four eukaryotic kingdoms of life. Evolution: Biology’s Unifying Theme 7. Describe the two main points that Darwin made in his book The Origin of Species. 8. Describe the two observations that led Darwin to his inescapable conclusion. State this conclusion. 9. Compare artificial and natural selection, noting similarities and differences. The Process of Science 10. Compare discovery science and hypothesis-driven science. Provide examples of each regarding the study of trans fats in the human diet. 11. Distinguish between a hypothesis and a theory. Explain why natural selection qualifies as a scientific theory. 12. Distinguish science from other styles of inquiry. 13. Describe examples of the interdependence of technology and science. Evolution Connection: Evolution in Our Everyday Lives 14. Explain how changes in the effectiveness of antibiotics illustrate natural selection. Key Terms biology hypothesis-driven science case study life controlled experiment natural selection discovery science scientific method ecosystem theory hypothesis Chapter 2 Chapter Objectives Biology and Society: Fluoride in the Water 1. Explain how fluoride prevents tooth decay. -
Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
PROCEEDINGS of the Indiana Academy of Science Founded December 29, 1885 Volume 67 1957 Richard A. Laubengayer, Editor Wabash College Crawfordsville, Indiana Spring Meeting- May 10-11 Turkey Run State Park Fall Meeting October 17-19, 1957 DePauw University Published at Indianapolis, Indiana 1958 1. The permanent address of the Academy is the Indiana State Library. 2. Instructions for Authors appear at end of this volume, p. 324. 3. Exchanges. Items sent in exchange for the Proceedings and corre- spondence concerning- exchange arrangements should be addressed: John Shepard Wright Memorial Library of the Indiana Academy of Science. c/o Indiana State Library Indianapolis 4, Indiana, 4. Proceedings may be purchased through the State Library at $3.00 per volume. 5. Reprints of technical papers can often be secured from the authors. They cannot be supplied by the State Library nor by the officers of the Academy. 6. The Constitution and By-Laws reprinted from v. (J 2 and the Member- ship List reprinted from v. 61, are available to members upon application to the Secretary. Necrologies reprinted from the various volumes can be supplied relatives anl friends of deceased members by the Secretary. 7. Officers whose names and addresses are not known to correspondents may be addressed care the State Library. The address of the editor of the present volume is Biology Department, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Ind. Papers published in the Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science are abstracted or indexed in appropriate services listed here: Annotated -
Unmasking Evolution
UNMASKING EVOLUTION by Laurence D Smart BScAgr, Dip Ed, Grad Dip Ed The Resource Book REPRODUCIBLE BLACK-LINE Copy freely MASTERS August 1995 May 1996 July 2000 September 2000 -1- FORWARD The theory of evolution is believed to be an incontrovertible fact by the general public and most of the scientific community, and is taught as such by most educators. This should not be the case. The theory of evolution is a valid scientific hypothesis, but the facts are that it has not been proved beyond a shadow of a doubt. To be proven valid, the theory of evolution must undergo the scrutiny (rigours) of the scientific method. This, however, cannot be accomplished because the millions of years required for experimental testing are beyond the reasonable limit of human observation. The current ‘evidence’ for the theory of evolution would not stand up in a court of law while undergoing judicial scrutiny. There would be indications that biased interpretation of data had occurred, as alternative theories could be presented to account for observed and tested facts. The theory of evolution needs its facade of scientific immutability lifted, and exposed for what it really is - an unproven scientific theory. My university training and experience as a research scientist, led me to do an analysis of the scientific data on evolution. This set of facts and quotes is my expose, and it is a step in the direction of lifting evolution’s facade. (15/4/95) INTRODUCTION I have been teaching science for over 25 years, but I have had a number of problems with the theory of evolution. -
Mcgraw-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto
BIOLOGY DEMYSTIFIED The Hon. Dr. Dale Pierre Layman, Ph.D. McGRAW-HILL New York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toronto [13:35 13/6/ 58 N:/4058 LAY- ebook_copyright 7.5x9.qxd 9/29/03 11:39 AM Page 1 Copyright © 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. Except as per- mitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 0-07-143387-2 The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-141040-6. All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps. McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate train- ing programs. For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at [email protected] or (212) 904- 4069. TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. -
GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2017 Abbreviations
GLOBAL TUBERCULOSIS REPORT 2017 Abbreviations aDSM active TB drug-safety monitoring and NCD noncommunicable disease management NFC near-field communication AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome NHI national health insurance ART antiretroviral therapy NTP national TB programme BCG bacille Calmette-Guérin OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and BRICS Brazil, Russian Federation, India, China and Development South Africa OIE World Organisation for Animal Health CFR case fatality ratio OOP out-of-pocket CHOICE CHOosing Interventions that are Cost-Efective PEPFAR President’s Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (WHO) PMDT programmatic management of drug-resistant CI confidence interval TB CRS creditor reporting system P:N prevalence to notification (ratio) DST drug susceptibility testing PPM public-public and public-private mix EBA early bactericidal activity RR-TB rifampicin-resistant TB EECA Eastern Europe and Central Asia SDG Sustainable Development Goal FIND Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics SHA System of Health Accounts GAF Global Action Framework for TB Research SMS short message service GDP gross domestic product SPARKS Social Protection Action Research & Global Fund The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis Knowledge Sharing and Malaria SRL supranational reference laboratory HBC high-burden country TB tuberculosis HIV human immunodeficiency virus TBTC TB Trial Consortium IGRA interferon gamma release assay TDR Special Programme for Research and Training IHME Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation in Tropical Diseases ILO -
WO 2013/059622 Al 25 April 2013 (25.04.2013)
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2013/059622 Al 25 April 2013 (25.04.2013) (51) International Patent Classification: Cambridge, MA 02138 (US). UNNIKRISHNAN, Meera A61K 38/00 (2006.01) C07K 2/00 (2006.01) [IN/IT]; Via Quinto Settano, 35, 1-53 100 Sienna (IT). C12Q 1/00 (2006.01) (74) Agents: RESNICK, David S. et al; Nixon Peabody LLP, (21) International Application Number: 100 Summer Street, Boston, MA 021 10-213 1 (US). PCT/US20 12/06 1066 (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (22) International Filing Date: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 19 October 2012 (19.10.2012) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, (25) Filing Language: English DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (26) Publication Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (30) Priority Data: ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, 61/548,983 October 201 1 ( I .10.201 1) US NO, NZ, OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, 61/588,421 1 January 20 12 ( I .01.2012) US RW, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, (71) Applicant: PRESIDENT AND FELLOWS OF HAR¬ TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, VARD COLLEGE [US/US]; 17 Quincy Street, Cam ZM, ZW. -
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections
MycobacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosistuberculosis infectionsinfections KarinKarin Nielsen,Nielsen, MD,MD, MPHMPH PediatricPediatric InfectiousInfectious DiseasesDiseases UCLAUCLA MattelMattel ChildrenChildren’’ss HospitalHospital RegardingRegarding tuberculosistuberculosis TheThe worldworld tuberculosistuberculosis refersrefers to:to: 1.1. MM TBTB complexcomplex 2.2. WhatWhat anan individualindividual withwith aa ++ PPDPPD hashas 3.3. ExposureExposure toto TBTB 4.4. DiseaseDisease 5.5. Exposure,Exposure, latencylatency andand diseasedisease TuberculosisTuberculosis CommunicableCommunicable diseasedisease causedcaused byby MycobacteriumMycobacterium tuberculosistuberculosis,, oror thethe acidacid--fastfast tubercletubercle bacillus.bacillus. TBTB inin HistoryHistory IdentifiedIdentified inin StoneStone AgeAge skeletonsskeletons PrevalentPrevalent inin AncientAncient EgyptEgypt UpriseUprise inin thethe MiddleMiddle AgesAges afterafter thethe BlackBlack death.death. DiseaseDisease ofof poverty,poverty, crowding,crowding, war,war, famine,famine, displacement,displacement, insalubriousinsalubrious lifelife && workwork Abreugraphy or chest photofluorography (mass miniature radiography) is a photo-fluorography for mass TB screening using miniature (50 to 100 mm) photograph of the screen of a x-ray fluoroscopy first developed in 1936 by Dr. Manoel Dias de Abreu, Brazil. January 4- National Abreugraphy Day in Brazil 2012 1/3 of the world’s population has been infected with TB 2012 Countries with 80% of TB cases worldwide Deaths in adults due -
Adverse Drug Reactions Among Children with Tuberculosis in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2019
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Adverse Drug Reactions among Children with Tuberculosis in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 2019 Makhliyo Abdusalomova 1,*, Olga Denisiuk 2, Hayk Davtyan 3 , Jamshid Gadoev 4 , Barno Abdusamatova 5, Nargiza Parpieva 6 and Abduvohid Sodikov 6 1 Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Tashkent 100140, Uzbekistan 2 Alliance for Public Health, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine; [email protected] 3 Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan 0014, Armenia; [email protected] 4 World Health Organization Country Office, Tashkent 100100, Uzbekistan; [email protected] 5 Main Department of Protection of Maternity and Childhood, Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100011, Uzbekistan; [email protected] 6 The Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Phtisiology and Pulmonology, Tashkent 100179, Uzbekistan; [email protected] (N.P.); [email protected] (A.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +998-71-260-3126 Abstract: The treatment of childhood tuberculosis can be challenging due to the lack of pediatric drug formulations and monitoring of drug-toxicity in routine settings. There are no published studies from Uzbekistan on the adverse drug reactions (ADR) associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment in children. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ADR associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment in children. This was a cohort study using secondary program data of children treated Citation: Abdusalomova, M.; at the city and regional tuberculosis clinics in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Of the 302 patients evaluated, Denisiuk, O.; Davtyan, H.; Gadoev, J.; 135 (44.7%) reported ADR. New tuberculosis was registered in 277 (92%) patients and 262 (87%) had Abdusamatova, B.; Parpieva, N.; extrapulmonary tuberculosis. -
Glossary.Pdf
Glossary Pronunciation Key accessory fruit A fruit, or assemblage of fruits, adaptation Inherited characteristic of an organ- Pronounce in which the fleshy parts are derived largely or ism that enhances its survival and reproduc- a- as in ace entirely from tissues other than the ovary. tion in a specific environment. – Glossary Ј Ј a/ah ash acclimatization (uh-klı¯ -muh-tı¯-za -shun) adaptive immunity A vertebrate-specific Physiological adjustment to a change in an defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes ch chose environmental factor. (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). It e¯ meet acetyl CoA Acetyl coenzyme A; the entry com- exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself e/eh bet pound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respi- recognition. Also called acquired immunity. g game ration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate adaptive radiation Period of evolutionary change ı¯ ice attached to a coenzyme. in which groups of organisms form many new i hit acetylcholine (asЈ-uh-til-ko–Ј-le¯n) One of the species whose adaptations allow them to fill dif- ks box most common neurotransmitters; functions by ferent ecological roles in their communities. kw quick binding to receptors and altering the perme- addition rule A rule of probability stating that ng song ability of the postsynaptic membrane to specific the probability of any one of two or more mu- o- robe ions, either depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the tually exclusive events occurring can be deter- membrane. mined by adding their individual probabilities. o ox acid A substance that increases the hydrogen ion adenosine triphosphate See ATP (adenosine oy boy concentration of a solution. -
TB Legal Environment Assessment
Executive The Legal Environment Summary Assessment for TB in Ukraine UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME, STOP TUBERCULOSIS PARTNERSHIP THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT FOR TB IN UKRAINE Executive Summary Natalia Spivak, Sergiy Kondratyuk, Khrystyna Demchenko, Timur Abdulayev, Natalia Lukyanova, Kateryna Denysova 29 May 2018 This Report was developed with assistance from UNDP Istanbul Regional Hub HIV, the Health and Development (HHD) team and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership. Work on the project The Legal Environment Assessment for TB in Ukraine was conducted on the ini- tiative and funding of UNDP and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership between No- vember 2017 and March 2018 based on the Legal Environment Assessment for TB prepared by UNDP and the Stop Tuberculosis Partnership in July 2017. The Legal Environment Assessment for TB in Ukraine was carried out by the team of national and international consultants: Sergiy Kondratyuk, Natalia Spivak, Khrys- tyna Demchenko, Timur Abdulayev; HHD Regional Team leader Dr Rosemary Kum- wenda; Regional HHD Programme Specialist John Macauley; National Programme Specialist Natalya Lukyanova and Programme Associate Kateryna Denysova from UNDP Ukraine. THE LEGAL ENVIRONMENT ASSESSMENT FOR TUBERCULOSIS (TB) IN UKRAINE. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main human rights and legal barriers which were identified by the Tuberculosis (TB) Legal Environmental Assessment (LEA) in Ukraine which impede an effective response to the epidemic are the accessibility of TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for key populations and people with TB. To address the identified barriers, a team of researchers has developed recommendations. Key population The majority of key informants indicated that the list of key populations in Ukraine is outdated and needs updating. -
Thuët Ng÷ Sinh Häc Anh - Viöt
MAI §×NH Y£N, Vò V¡N Vô, L£ §×NH L¦¥NG ThuËt ng÷ sinh häc Anh - viÖt Hµ néi - 2006 A A. flavus A. flavus AA - viÕt t¾t cña Arachidonic Acid aAI-1 aAI-1 ab initio gene prediction abambulacral thiÕu ch©n mót, thiÕu ch©n èng ABC viÕt t¾t cña Association of Biotechnology Companies ABC Transport Proteins protein vËn chuyÓn ABC ABC Transporters nh©n tè vËn chuyÓn ABC abdomen bông, phÇn bông abdominal limbs (c¸c) phÇn phô bông abdominal muscle c¬ bông abdominal pores (c¸c) lç bông abdominal reflex ph¶n x¹ bông abductor c¬ gi¹ng, c¬ duçi abiogenesis (sù) ph¸t sinh phi sinh häc abiotic (thuéc) phi sinh häc, kh«ng sèng abiotic stresses c¨ng th¼ng phi sinh häc ABO blood group substances (c¸c) chÊt nhãm m¸u ABO ABO blood group system hÖ thèng nhãm m¸u ABO abomasum d¹ mói khÕ aboral xa miÖng, ®èi miÖng abortifacient chÊt ph¸ thai abortion 1. (sù) sÈy thai, truþ thai 2. thui chét abrin abrin abscess (sù) ¸p xe abscisic acid axit abscisic abscission (sù) rông absolute configuration cÊu h×nh tuyÖt ®èi absolute refractory period thêi kú bÊt øng tuyÖt ®èi absolute threshold ng−ìng tuyÖt ®èi absorbance chÊt hÊp thô absorbed dose liÒu l−ìng hÊp thô absorption (sù) hÊp thu absorption spectrum phæ hÊp thô abundance ®é phong phó abyssal (thuéc) ®¸y biÓn s©u th¼m abyssal zone vïng n−íc s©u abyssopelagic (thuéc) vïng s©u ®¹i d−¬ng 2 abzymes abzym Ac- CoA Ac- CoA Acanthocephala ngµnh Giun ®Çu mãc acanthozooid thÓ gai Acarina bé Ve bÐt acarophily thÝch ve rÖp acarophitisrn quan hÖ céng sinh ve-rÖp acaulescent (cã) th©n ng¾n acauline kh«ng th©n acaulose kh«ng th©n acceptor junction site ®iÓm liªn kÕt accept¬ accession thªm vµo, bæ sung accessorius 1. -
Black Is F/Paleobiology
Black is f/Paleobiology;Brown is f/Benton;green f/Zhoa;blue f/Sepkoski;purple f/fossilworks 8 Casea Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 8 Oromycter Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 8 Mycterosaurus Artinskian Kungurian 290.1 272.3 ASS(l) KUN(l) 298.9 275.8 7 Orovenator Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Cacops Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Doleserpeton Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Perryella Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(l) 279.3 275.8 6 Bolterpeton Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Llistrofus Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Nannaroter Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Sillerpeton Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Baeotherates Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Captorhinikos Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Colobomycter Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Labidosaurikos Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Labidosaurus Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 7 Microleter Leonard 290.1 268 KUN(u) KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 8 Euromycter Sakmarian Wuchiapingian295.5 254.2 SAK(u) KUN(u) 292.8 272.3 8 Ruthenosaurus Sakmarian Wuchiapingian295.5 254.2 SAK(u) KUN(u) 292.8 272.3 8 Apsisaurus Wolfcamp 296.4 268 SAK(l) SAK(u) 295.5 290.1 8 Stereophallodon Wolfcamp 296.4 268 ASS(l) ASS(u) 298.9 295.5 7 Zarcasaurus Wolfcamp 296.4 268 ASS(l) ASS(l) 298.9 297.2 6 Pasawioops Wolfcamp 296.4 268 KUN(u) 275.8 272.3 6 Ecolsonia Wolfcamp 296.4 268 ASS(l) ASS(u) 298.9 295.5 6 Tseajaia Wolfcamp 296.4 268 ASS(u) 297.2 272.3 6 Stegotretus Wolfcamp 296.4 268 ASS(l)