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Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) Apex Predator from the Eifelian-Aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada
Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian-aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Journal: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Manuscript ID cjes-2016-0119.R3 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 04-Dec-2016 Complete List of Authors: Mann, Arjan; Carleton University, Earth Sciences; University of Toronto Faculty of ArtsDraft and Science, Earth Sciences Rudkin, David; Royal Ontario Museum Evans, David C.; Royal Ontario Museum, Natural History; University of Toronto, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Laflamme, Marc; University of Toronto - Mississauga, Chemical and Physical Sciences Keyword: Sarcopterygii, Onychodontiformes, Body size, Middle Devonian, Eifelian https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Page 1 of 34 Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences A large onychodontiform (Osteichthyes: Sarcopterygii) apex predator from the Eifelian- aged Dundee Formation of Ontario, Canada. Arjan Mann 1,2*, David Rudkin 1,2 , David C. Evans 2,3 , and Marc Laflamme 1 1, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3B1, Canada, [email protected], [email protected] 2, Department of Palaeobiology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen’s Park, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 2C6 3, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3B2 *Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected] ca). https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/cjes-pubs Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences Page 2 of 34 Abstract The Devonian marine strata of southwestern Ontario, Canada have been well documented geologically, but their vertebrate fossils are poorly studied. Here we report a new onychodontiform (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) Onychodus eriensis n. -
Dissorophus Cope
DISSOROPHUS COPE S. W. WILLISTON The University of Chicago The material herein described and figured was collected by the writer from the upper or Clear Fork Division of the Texas Red-beds on Coffee Creek, in August, 1909. It comprises a nearly complete skull, but little distorted, the two scapulae with attached cleithra, neither complete, but the two supplementing each other nearly per- fectly; the two complete clavicles attached to the incomplete inter- clavicle; the two humeri, one complete save for the capitellar angle, the other with the distal part quite complete and the proximal portion missing; two attached proximal carpals, several vertebrae and frag- ments of ribs, the nearly complete carapace, a broken and somewhat distorted pelvis, a femur, and fragments of epipodial bones. For the most part, the surface of the skull is unimpaired, showing deep, almost circular pits, with narrow, reticulating ridges between them. The pittings seem to be most pronounced in the upper pos- terior part. There are no indications of mucous grooves, and I am convinced that, were they originally present, evidences of them would be apparent. Nor, as in the case of the skulls of Cacops, can I distinguish the sutures. The skull is very broad posteriorly, with a rounded, obtuse muzzle. The orbits are situated about midway in its length, they are rather small, nearly circular in outline, and broadly separated. The table of the cranium, back of the orbits, is rather broader than long, a little wider anteriorly, with a broad emargination behind; it is nearly plane, with its margins elevated. The parietal foramen is situated a little back of a line drawn through the posterior margin of the orbits. -
A New Mid-Permian Burnetiamorph Therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a Phylogenetic Review of Burnetiamorpha
Editors' choice A new mid-Permian burnetiamorph therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a phylogenetic review of Burnetiamorpha MICHAEL O. DAY, BRUCE S. RUBIDGE, and FERNANDO ABDALA Day, M.O., Rubidge, B.S., and Abdala, F. 2016. A new mid-Permian burnetiamorph therapsid from the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa and a phylogenetic review of Burnetiamorpha. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 61 (4): 701–719. Discoveries of burnetiamorph therapsids in the last decade and a half have increased their known diversity but they remain a minor constituent of middle–late Permian tetrapod faunas. In the Main Karoo Basin of South Africa, from where the clade is traditionally best known, specimens have been reported from all of the Permian biozones except the Eodicynodon and Pristerognathus assemblage zones. Although the addition of new taxa has provided more evidence for burnetiamorph synapomorphies, phylogenetic hypotheses for the clade remain incongruent with their appearances in the stratigraphic column. Here we describe a new burnetiamorph specimen (BP/1/7098) from the Pristerognathus Assemblage Zone and review the phylogeny of the Burnetiamorpha through a comprehensive comparison of known material. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that BP/1/7098 is closely related to the Russian species Niuksenitia sukhonensis. Remarkably, the supposed mid-Permian burnetiids Bullacephalus and Pachydectes are not recovered as burnetiids and in most cases are not burnetiamorphs at all, instead representing an earlier-diverging clade of biarmosuchians that are characterised by their large size, dentigerous transverse process of the pterygoid and exclusion of the jugal from the lat- eral temporal fenestra. The evolution of pachyostosis therefore appears to have occurred independently in these genera. -
Reptile Family Tree
Reptile Family Tree - Peters 2015 Distribution of Scales, Scutes, Hair and Feathers Fish scales 100 Ichthyostega Eldeceeon 1990.7.1 Pederpes 91 Eldeceeon holotype Gephyrostegus watsoni Eryops 67 Solenodonsaurus 87 Proterogyrinus 85 100 Chroniosaurus Eoherpeton 94 72 Chroniosaurus PIN3585/124 98 Seymouria Chroniosuchus Kotlassia 58 94 Westlothiana Casineria Utegenia 84 Brouffia 95 78 Amphibamus 71 93 77 Coelostegus Cacops Paleothyris Adelospondylus 91 78 82 99 Hylonomus 100 Brachydectes Protorothyris MCZ1532 Eocaecilia 95 91 Protorothyris CM 8617 77 95 Doleserpeton 98 Gerobatrachus Protorothyris MCZ 2149 Rana 86 52 Microbrachis 92 Elliotsmithia Pantylus 93 Apsisaurus 83 92 Anthracodromeus 84 85 Aerosaurus 95 85 Utaherpeton 82 Varanodon 95 Tuditanus 91 98 61 90 Eoserpeton Varanops Diplocaulus Varanosaurus FMNH PR 1760 88 100 Sauropleura Varanosaurus BSPHM 1901 XV20 78 Ptyonius 98 89 Archaeothyris Scincosaurus 77 84 Ophiacodon 95 Micraroter 79 98 Batropetes Rhynchonkos Cutleria 59 Nikkasaurus 95 54 Biarmosuchus Silvanerpeton 72 Titanophoneus Gephyrostegeus bohemicus 96 Procynosuchus 68 100 Megazostrodon Mammal 88 Homo sapiens 100 66 Stenocybus hair 91 94 IVPP V18117 69 Galechirus 69 97 62 Suminia Niaftasuchus 65 Microurania 98 Urumqia 91 Bruktererpeton 65 IVPP V 18120 85 Venjukovia 98 100 Thuringothyris MNG 7729 Thuringothyris MNG 10183 100 Eodicynodon Dicynodon 91 Cephalerpeton 54 Reiszorhinus Haptodus 62 Concordia KUVP 8702a 95 59 Ianthasaurus 87 87 Concordia KUVP 96/95 85 Edaphosaurus Romeria primus 87 Glaucosaurus Romeria texana Secodontosaurus -
Wann Langston, Jr. – a Life Amongst Bones Christopher J
Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 103, 189–204, 2013 (for 2012) Wann Langston, Jr. – a life amongst bones Christopher J. Bell1, Matthew A. Brown,2, 4 Mary R. Dawson3 and Ernest L. Lundelius, Jr2 1 Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA Email: [email protected] 2 Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd, R7600, Austin, TX 78758, USA Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213–4080, USA Email: [email protected] 4 School of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, Museum Studies Building, 19 University Road, Leicester LE1 7RF, UK Wann Langston Jr. was born on 10 July, 1921 in Oklahoma another nurse, Clara Louise Jones. Wann was, thus, raised in City, Oklahoma. He was the only surviving son of Wann a family in which higher education, and specifically medical Langston and Myrtle Fanning Langston, who died in child- and anatomical training, was common to both parents. Clara’s birth as his life began. Three previous children all died young. father was the headmaster of Salado College and was a Regent The derivation of the name ‘‘Wann’’ is not fully known, but of The University of Texas, where Wann later spent much of his appears to have been the patronymic of an itinerant, African- professional career as a palaeontologist. Clara was a gifted American Baptist preacher who visited Wann’s grandfather linguist, with an especial passion for Greek (although she did and made a sufficiently strong impression that he named his not know the word ‘palaeontologist’; Wann remembers her son Wann. -
Phylogeny and Evolution of the Dissorophoid Temnospondyls
Journal of Paleontology, 93(1), 2019, p. 137–156 Copyright © 2018, The Paleontological Society. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 0022-3360/15/0088-0906 doi: 10.1017/jpa.2018.67 The putative lissamphibian stem-group: phylogeny and evolution of the dissorophoid temnospondyls Rainer R. Schoch Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany 〈[email protected]〉 Abstract.—Dissorophoid temnospondyls are widely considered to have given rise to some or all modern amphibians (Lissamphibia), but their ingroup relationships still bear major unresolved questions. An inclusive phylogenetic ana- lysis of dissorophoids gives new insights into the large-scale topology of relationships. Based on a TNT 1.5 analysis (33 taxa, 108 characters), the enigmatic taxon Perryella is found to nest just outside Dissorophoidea (phylogenetic defintion), but shares a range of synapomorphies with this clade. The dissorophoids proper are found to encompass a first dichotomy between the largely paedomorphic Micromelerpetidae and all other taxa (Xerodromes). Within the latter, there is a basal dichotomy between the large, heavily ossified Olsoniformes (Dissorophidae + Trematopidae) and the small salamander-like Amphibamiformes (new taxon), which include four clades: (1) Micropholidae (Tersomius, Pasawioops, Micropholis); (2) Amphibamidae sensu stricto (Doleserpeton, Amphibamus); (3) Branchiosaur- idae (Branchiosaurus, Apateon, Leptorophus, Schoenfelderpeton); and (4) Lissamphibia. The genera Platyrhinops and Eos- copus are here found to nest at the base of Amphibamiformes. Represented by their basal-most stem-taxa (Triadobatrachus, Karaurus, Eocaecilia), lissamphibians nest with Gerobatrachus rather than Amphibamidae, as repeatedly found by former analyses. -
A Coluna Vertebral De Brazilosaurus Sanpauloensis Shikama
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Biblioteca Digital de Periódicos da UFPR (Universidade Federal do Paraná) Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 30 (1, 2, 3, 4): 151-173. 2001. 151 A coluna vertebral de Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis Shikama & Ozaki, 1966 da Formação Irati, Permiano da Bacia do Paraná (Brasil) (Proganosauria, Mesosauridae) The vertebral column of Brazilosaurus sanpauloensis Shikama & Ozaki, 1966 from Irati Formation, Permian of Paraná Basin, (Brazil) (Proganosauria, Mesosauridae) FERNANDO A. SEDOR1 & JORGE FERIGOLO2 Os Mesosauridae incluídos na ordem Proganosauria (BAUR, 1887) constituem dentre os “Reptilia”, um pequeno grupo extinto de formas lacertiformes esguias, de pequeno porte, adaptados à vida aquática ou semi-aquática (cf. ROMER, 1956; 1966). A distribuição temporal e geográfica do grupo restringe-se ao Permiano da América do Sul e da África. No Brasil, os Mesosauridae ocorrem na Formação Irati da Bacia do Paraná, e, no continente africano, ocorrem na Formação Whitehill, do Sistema Karoo (COPE, 1886; MCGREGOR, 1908; SHIKAMA & OZAKI, 1966; MENDES, 1967; ROÖSLER, 1970; ARAÚJO, 1976; BORGOMANERO & LEONARDI, 1979; MOREIRA et al., 1984). Também são referidas ocorrências de Mesosauridae no Paraguai (Beder; e Harrington, apud OELOFSEN & ARAÚJO, 1983) e no Uruguai (Guillemain; e Walther, apud MONES, 1986). 1 Museu de Ciências Naturais (MCN) — SCB, Universidade Federal do Paraná — Caixa Postal 19031 — 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil. Email: [email protected] Pesquisador do Museu de Ciências Naturais — Fundação Zoobotânica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil. 152 Acta Biol. Par., Curitiba, 30 (1, 2, 3, 4): 151-173. 2001. Os sedimentos sul-americanos portadores de mesossaurídeos situam- se dentro do intervalo temporal do Kazaniano e os africanos entre Permiano Inferior e Permiano Médio (PINTO, 1972a; OELOFSEN & ARAÚJO, 1987), correspondendo à porção mais superior do Sakmariano. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida
Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology Series Christian F. Kammerer Kenneth D. Angielczyk Jörg Fröbisch Editors Early Evolutionary History of the Synapsida Chapter 17 Vertebrate Paleontology of Nooitgedacht 68: A Lystrosaurus maccaigi-rich Permo-Triassic Boundary Locality in South Africa Jennifer Botha-Brink, Adam K. Huttenlocker, and Sean P. Modesto Abstract The farm Nooitgedacht 68 in the Bethulie Introduction District of the South African Karoo Basin contains strata that record a complete Permo-Triassic boundary sequence The end-Permian extinction, which occurred 252.6 Ma ago providing important new data regarding the end-Permian (Mundil et al. 2004), is widely regarded as the most cata- extinction event in South Africa. Exploratory collecting has strophic mass extinction in Earth’s history (Erwin 1994). yielded at least 14 vertebrate species, making this locality Much research has focused on the cause(s) of the extinction the second richest Permo-Triassic boundary site in South (e.g., Renne et al. 1995; Wignall and Twitchett 1996; Knoll Africa. Furthermore, fossils include 50 specimens of the et al. 1996; Isozaki 1997; Krull et al. 2000; Hotinski et al. otherwise rare Late Permian dicynodont Lystrosaurus 2001; Becker et al. 2001, 2004; Sephton et al. 2005), the maccaigi. As a result, Nooitgedacht 68 is the richest paleoecology and paleobiology of the flora and fauna prior L. maccaigi site known. The excellent preservation, high to and during the event (e.g., Ward et al. 2000; Smith and concentration of L. maccaigi, presence of relatively rare Ward 2001; Wang et al. 2002; Gastaldo et al. 2005) and the dicynodonts such as Dicynodontoides recurvidens and consequent recovery period (Benton et al. -
A Small Lepidosauromorph Reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland
A SMALL LEPIDOSAUROMORPH REPTILE FROM THE EARLY TRIASSIC OF POLAND SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA Evans, S.E. and Borsuk−Białynicka, M. 2009. A small lepidosauromorph reptile from the Early Triassic of Poland. Palaeontologia Polonica 65, 179–202. The Early Triassic karst deposits of Czatkowice quarry near Kraków, southern Poland, has yielded a diversity of fish, amphibians and small reptiles. Two of these reptiles are lepido− sauromorphs, a group otherwise very poorly represented in the Triassic record. The smaller of them, Sophineta cracoviensis gen. et sp. n., is described here. In Sophineta the unspecial− ised vertebral column is associated with the fairly derived skull structure, including the tall facial process of the maxilla, reduced lacrimal, and pleurodonty, that all resemble those of early crown−group lepidosaurs rather then stem−taxa. Cladistic analysis places this new ge− nus as the sister group of Lepidosauria, displacing the relictual Middle Jurassic genus Marmoretta and bringing the origins of Lepidosauria closer to a realistic time frame. Key words: Reptilia, Lepidosauria, Triassic, phylogeny, Czatkowice, Poland. Susan E. Evans [[email protected]], Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Uni− versity College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. Magdalena Borsuk−Białynicka [[email protected]], Institut Paleobiologii PAN, Twarda 51/55, PL−00−818 Warszawa, Poland. Received 8 March 2006, accepted 9 January 2007 180 SUSAN E. EVANS and MAGDALENA BORSUK−BIAŁYNICKA INTRODUCTION Amongst living reptiles, lepidosaurs (snakes, lizards, amphisbaenians, and tuatara) form the largest and most successful group with more than 7 000 widely distributed species. The two main lepidosaurian clades are Rhynchocephalia (the living Sphenodon and its extinct relatives) and Squamata (lizards, snakes and amphisbaenians). -
Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships
438 Article 438 by Saswati Bandyopadhyay1* and Sanghamitra Ray2 Gondwana Vertebrate Faunas of India: Their Diversity and Intercontinental Relationships 1Geological Studies Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India; email: [email protected] 2Department of Geology and Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India; email: [email protected] *Corresponding author (Received : 23/12/2018; Revised accepted : 11/09/2019) https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2020/020028 The twelve Gondwanan stratigraphic horizons of many extant lineages, producing highly diverse terrestrial vertebrates India have yielded varied vertebrate fossils. The oldest in the vacant niches created throughout the world due to the end- Permian extinction event. Diapsids diversified rapidly by the Middle fossil record is the Endothiodon-dominated multitaxic Triassic in to many communities of continental tetrapods, whereas Kundaram fauna, which correlates the Kundaram the non-mammalian synapsids became a minor components for the Formation with several other coeval Late Permian remainder of the Mesozoic Era. The Gondwana basins of peninsular horizons of South Africa, Zambia, Tanzania, India (Fig. 1A) aptly exemplify the diverse vertebrate faunas found Mozambique, Malawi, Madagascar and Brazil. The from the Late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic. During the last few decades much emphasis was given on explorations and excavations of Permian-Triassic transition in India is marked by vertebrate fossils in these basins which have yielded many new fossil distinct taxonomic shift and faunal characteristics and vertebrates, significant both in numbers and diversity of genera, and represented by small-sized holdover fauna of the providing information on their taphonomy, taxonomy, phylogeny, Early Triassic Panchet and Kamthi fauna. -
Marine Early Triassic Osteichthyes from Spiti, Indian Himalayas
Swiss J Palaeontol (2016) 135:275–294 DOI 10.1007/s13358-015-0098-6 Marine Early Triassic Osteichthyes from Spiti, Indian Himalayas 1 1 1 1 Carlo Romano • David Ware • Thomas Bru¨hwiler • Hugo Bucher • Winand Brinkmann1 Received: 12 March 2015 / Accepted: 11 August 2015 / Published online: 28 September 2015 Ó Akademie der Naturwissenschaften Schweiz (SCNAT) 2015 Abstract A new, marine osteichthyan (bony fish) fauna strata of other localities. The study of Early Triassic fish from the Early Triassic of northern India is presented. The assemblages, including the presented one, is fundamental material was collected in situ at localities within Pin Valley for our understanding of the great osteichthyan diversifi- (Lahaul and Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh, India) and is cation after the Late Permian mass extinction event. dated as middle-late Dienerian (one specimen possibly earliest Smithian). The new ichthyofauna includes a lower Keywords Neotethys Á Northern Indian Margin Á jaw of the predatory basal ray-finned fish Saurichthys,a Gondwana Á Anoxia Á Biotic recovery Á Urohyal nearly complete specimen of a parasemionotid neoptery- gian (cf. Watsonulus cf. eugnathoides), as well as further Abbreviations articulated and disarticulated remains (Actinopterygii CMNFV Canadian Museum of Nature (Fossil indet., Actinistia indet.), and thus comprises the most Vertebrate), Ottawa, Canada complete Triassic fish fossils known from the Indian sub- MNHN.F Muse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, continent. Saurichthys is known from many Triassic France localities and reached a global distribution rapidly after the PIMUZ Pala¨ontologisches Institut und Museum, Late Permian mass extinction event. Parasemionotidae, a Universita¨tZu¨rich, Zu¨rich, Schweiz species-rich family restricted to the Early Triassic, also achieved widespread distribution during this epoch.