Wann Langston, Jr. – a Life Amongst Bones Christopher J

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 103, 189–204, 2013 (for 2012)

Wann Langston, Jr. – a life amongst bones Christopher J. Bell1, Matthew A. Brown,2, 4 Mary R. Dawson3 and Ernest L. Lundelius, Jr2 1 Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA Email: [email protected] 2 Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory, University of Texas at Austin, 10100 Burnet Rd, R7600, Austin, TX 78758, USA Emails: [email protected]; [email protected] 3 Carnegie Museum of Natural History, 4400 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213–4080, USA Email: [email protected] 4 School of Museum Studies, University of Leicester, Museum Studies Building, 19 University Road, Leicester LE1 7RF, UK

Wann Langston Jr. was born on 10 July, 1921 in Oklahoma another nurse, Clara Louise Jones. Wann was, thus, raised in City, Oklahoma. He was the only surviving son of Wann a family in which higher education, and specifically medical Langston and Myrtle Fanning Langston, who died in child- and anatomical training, was common to both parents. Clara’s birth as his life began. Three previous children all died young. father was the headmaster of Salado College and was a Regent The derivation of the name ‘‘Wann’’ is not fully known, but of The University of Texas, where Wann later spent much of his appears to have been the patronymic of an itinerant, African- professional career as a palaeontologist. Clara was a gifted American Baptist preacher who visited Wann’s grandfather linguist, with an especial passion for Greek (although she did and made a sufficiently strong impression that he named his not know the word ‘palaeontologist’; Wann remembers her son Wann. Middle names were not used in the family. calling him a ‘‘boneologist’’). Wann’s father was a strong supporter of his son’s endeav- His parents encouraged his interest in science, which devel- ours. He was himself the youngest of several siblings, and had oped at an early age. As a young boy, he had little interest in an early career as a schoolteacher near the Alabama border in anything outside of palaeontology. His earliest memories of southern Tennessee. He went to university in Tennessee when ‘palaeontological moments’ are of events that occurred on a he was in his 30s; when he left, he rode his horse to catch a family trip to Europe when he was four years old. In the train, then turned it loose to return home (Fig. 1). He went natural history museum in Vienna, he stood under a mounted on to medical school and became an MD, later joining the skeleton of Diplodocus and looked up with fascination into the military and running a laboratory in France during World gigantic rib cage. He turned five while overseas, and made a War I. He stayed in the Army Medical Corps for approxi- visit to the British Museum. He was so captivated by the dino- mately 20 years and retired as a Major. He held positions saur skeletons that he failed to notice the museum closing as Superintendent of the University of Oklahoma Teaching around him. He was locked inside, and the night watchman Hospital and then as Dean of the OU Medical School, and found a totally unconcerned Wann looking at dinosaur skele- late in life went into private practice as a cardiologist. tons. Apart from that one-year trip to Europe, he did not travel Until he was three years old, Wann Jr. was raised by his much until he was a teenager, but there were many outlets to maternal aunt, who was a nurse. Then his father married channel his interests in palaeontology after he returned home. He admits that he was not particularly good in school, mostly because he hated it. His father was somewhat chagrined by his poor academic skills, and sometimes shut him in his room in an effort to force the boy to study algebra. Instead, Wann dedicated his time to drawing and sculpting (Fig. 2). While staying with an uncle in New York City, he would spend his days with a lump of clay at the American Museum of Natural History, recreating the animals he saw there. Wann would bring his day’s labour home for his uncle to critique. His sculpting proclivities became a habit, and continued to serve Wann throughout his career as a palaeontologist. He has been ob- served ‘doodling’ with clay during staff meetings at the Verte- brate Paleontology Laboratory at The University of Texas, and consequently producing nice models of dinosaurs. It is this talent, combined with his profound knowledge of anatomy, which results in the beautiful and accurate mounts of dinosaurs and other skeletons for which Wann is well known. The daily presence of this young fossil enthusiast quickly drew the attention of museum staff at the American Museum. During his numerous childhood visits to that museum, Wann met many collectors, including Carl Akeley (a meeting that took Figure 1 Dr. Wann Langston, Sr., and his horse Polly.

Downloaded6 2013 from Thehttps://www.cambridge.org/core Royal Society of Edinburgh.. University doi:10.1017/S1755691013000443 of Athens, on 23 Sep 2021 at 22:05:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691013000443 190 BELL ET AL.

Figure 2 Anatomical studies by Wann Langston, Jr.: (a) two primates and (b) Baluchitherium grangeri in clay, all attributed to ‘‘13 yr old Wann Langston.’’; (c) a ceratopsian skull in clay, no date; (d) portrait of a lion in pencil, dated 1938; (e) undated dinosaur in diorama; (f ) Langston sculpting maquettes.

place at such a young age that Wann’s memory of it is not latter portions of the volume. Nonetheless, when his father re- clear), Barnum Brown and Roy Chapman Andrews. It was moved the bands some time later, he discovered a finger-stained Akeley’s mounted specimen of a mountain gorilla, the ‘‘Old and obviously well-caressed plate depicting the skeleton of Man of Mikeno,’’ that captivated the young sculptor above all Tyrannosaurus. With financial assistance from his father, other exhibits in the museum. Wann soon made his first major technical book purchase, the Wann also began collections of his own at a young age. At English translation of the Fish and Reptiles volume of Zittel’s the age of nine he began to build his library of palaeontological Grundzu¨ge der Palaöntologie (Zittel 1902). By the age of 12, he and anatomy publications, some of which he obtained from was collecting skeletons and had mounted the skeleton of a cat medical students. His father bought him his first book on palae- (his sister’s former pet – exhumed, cleaned and mounted with- ontology, The Earth for Sam (Reed 1930). In an attempt to train out permission). During weekends while he was in high school, Wann to read from cover to cover, instead of centering all atten- he dug up horse bones at an old trash pit site at the Oklahoma tion on dinosaurs, his father placed rubber bands around the City Zoo; his mother brought him out to the site, and he added

Figure 3 Langston with some of his personal collection, 1930s.

the bones to a constantly growing skeletal collection that he The author of that letter was Ralph Shead, the supervisor for kept for many years (Fig. 3). the Works Progress Administration project surveying the State At about this time, he met J. Willis Stovall, then newly of Oklahoma; (a copy is on file in the archives of the Verte- hired at the University of Oklahoma. They immediately struck brate Paleontology Laboratory in Austin; minor typographi- up a professional relationship that lasted until Stovall died in cal errors in the original were corrected above). 1953 (Fig. 4). Stovall had a room full of bones – mostly of On a trip to Chicago in 1933, Wann spent a full week visiting mammoths and mastodons – that was a magnet for Wann’s the Geology Department of the Field Museum of Natural His- attention. Under the watchful and patient eye of Stovall, tory, where he passed the time with Elmer Riggs, and prepara- Wann learned about preparing, curating and identifying fossil tors John Abbott and James Quinn (who would later become bones. The first fossils that he ever prepared were a Leptoreodon John A. Wilson’s first PhD student at The University of Texas). and a mosasaur; the latter is still on exhibit in the Sam Noble Procedure for visitors was to announce oneself to the security Museum of Natural History in Norman, Oklahoma. Those guard at the main entrance, who then called a staff member museum experiences and skills would prove integral to his down from the palaeontology laboratory for escort upstairs to chosen career path. the department. After several days of this routine, Wann took Wann’s early passion for museums, and his persistence, the liberty of bypassing the guard, stepping over the rope and gained him special entry into other institutions. Stovall received ascending the stairs to the 4th floor. Intending this to save staff a letter dated 24 June, 1936 in which Wann was discussed at time and effort, Wann nevertheless met with the ire of Riggs, some length. who found him navigating the halls without a chaperone. He also met other vertebrate palaeontologists when they ‘‘Saturday aft. a young red headed chap by the name of visited Oklahoma, including Lewellyn Price, Theodore (Ted) Langsford [sic] from Okla. City came down and said White and Al Romer. As he neared the completion of his you had promised him he could take pictures of dino- high school education, he saved his money in order to afford saur bones to model from. I was doubtful whether to a copy of the AMNH Memoir by H. F. Osborn and C. C. let him do it at first but that boy is persistent and he Mook on sauropod dinosaurs (Osborn & Mook 1921), and assured me that the pictures would be for his use, only. eagerly awaited its delivery. After obtaining it and reading it, He appears to be nothing short of nuts on the subject he was delighted to have the opportunity to make a trip to the and showed me pictures of bones he had modeled. So I American Museum of Natural History in New York City to let him take a few snaps. He is really a smart boy but meet Mook . . . who kindly gave him a copy of the Memoir as rather too smart to be pleasant. Wants to come down a parting gift! here this summer for the experience but I told him he Wann made his next serious step towards building a re- would have to see you about that on your return. He is search library before he graduated from high school. He pur- already an authority on paleontology and objects to the chased a set of all available publications on vertebrate palae- methods you are using in restoring bones, preferring as ontology from Yale University. Books eventually became a he says, the American Museum methods. Now just passion for Wann, who recently noted that book collecting imagine such a 14-year-old boy.’’ was ‘‘the nearest thing to a hobby I ever had.’’ His continuing efforts to build a library, begun at the age of ten, resulted in

Figure 4 (a) Langston (left) in the ﬁeld with Stovall (right). (b) Excavating in the Big Bend, June 1938. Wann in the shade, McAnulty in the sun; photo by Savage. (c) Langston excavating a mammoth skull in North Texas. This specimen is still in the original ﬁeld jacket in the collections of Texas Tech University.

one of the world’s finest private libraries on vertebrate palaeon- helped Langston, Savage and McAnulty to identify areas for tology, now housed at the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory prospecting, and to find localities. at the University of Texas at Austin. Wann found his first dinosaur specimen along the Rio At the age of 17, Wann accompanied University of Okla- Grande in the Big Bend, while using maps from the War De- homa students Don Savage (Stovall’s graduate student) and partment that dated back to the days of Pershing’s pursuit of Noel McAnulty (who next would supervise the field collection Pancho Villa. The specimen was a partial skeleton of Aguja- and preparation of thousands of fossils for a Works Progress ceratops, recovered from the Aguja Formation (Fig. 4b). The Administration project at The University of Texas) on a field team spent two months in the Big Bend, and all materials they expedition to Big Bend Park in Texas. Stovall paid Wann’s collected were sent to Norman, Oklahoma. Langston’s field expenses, but Wann later learned that his father had given notes (VPL archives) reflect the spartan entries common to those Stovall about $200 to offset costs. They passed through Austin, first field trips. Nonetheless, they document details familiar to all Texas, on their way to the park, in what was Wann’s first intro- field palaeontologists – heavy rain, vehicle trouble, number of duction to the collections in Austin, where he later became rattlesnakes encountered (and killed), extreme heat. Also in- firmly established. Wann remembers drinking a lot of ‘sotol’ cluded are the names and addresses of locals, geological way- on the trip – an alcoholic drink made from the desert spoon points, directions to localities measuring distance between fences or common sotol plant. He was also slightly annoyed by the and old windmills, and inventories of specimens. Completing the fact that they left the field every two weeks or so to go to Al- field experience was entertainment; on the 20th of June, during pine to retrieve love letters for Savage. William Strain obtained an overnight supply run to Alpine, the group caught a ‘‘picture WPA funds to work in the Big Bend through a programme show in evening. Dr. Rhythm,’’ a Bing Crosby film. On the established to support collection of minerals and fossils. He night of the 22nd, they drove 15 miles out of camp to listen to

Figure 5 (a) The San Diego Natural History Museum, converted for wartime use; the sign in front reads ‘‘U.S. Naval Hosp. Unit 2.’’ (b) The recently commissioned USS Bladen. (c) Wann Langston, Jr., front row, second from left.

Joe Louis defend his World Heavyweight title against Max until their degrees were completed. Wann completed his BS Schmeling, and the entry of June 26th merely reads ‘‘slept degree in June 1943, and three days later was on a train to an most of day.’’ induction centre. By the time they got to him, the draft quota In 1939, Wann went to Central State College (now University for the Army that day had been ﬁlled, so Wann was given a of Central Oklahoma) in Edmond, Oklahoma. He moved to the choice: he could join the Marines or the Navy. He chose the University of Oklahoma in 1940 and worked towards a BS Navy. Degree in Geology. Wann was a student there when the United During his induction interview, he revealed that he knew States declared war against Japan, following the attack on some anatomy and physiology and, when asked, was able to Pearl Harbor in December 1941. The father of one of his fra- explain the difference between systolic and diastolic blood ternity brothers chaired the local draft board, and gave all the pressure. He began his training in San Diego, but did not ﬁnish boys academic exemptions from Selective Service conscription boot camp because he was given a Hospital Corpsman rating.

Figure 6 Langston collecting a specimen along the San Pablo Reservoir, near Berkeley, CA. Originally thought to be Desmostylus, this specimen was later described as a cetacean.

He was assigned to a naval hospital in San Diego and rose in founding member of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology rank from Seaman to Pharmacist’s Mate. The San Diego Natu- by a little over one year. He was in the Navy when the Society ral History Museum was utilised as a naval hospital facility for was formed, and during a review he received the highest score infectious diseases in March 1943 (Fig. 5a). Some of the collec- for appearance and received a 48-hour pass – he used his time tions were still held in the building, but were compressed into a off to meet Chester Stock at Cal Tech, and Stock sponsored tighter arrangement to save space. Wann was assigned to night his membership in SVP. The only book Wann carried with duty on the deck for senior officers, but found time to tour the him on board was Field Geology by Frederic H. Lahee (1941); collections areas. During his six-month stay in San Diego, he he had the opportunity to use it whilst on Hawaii. The ship also toured the zoo at Balboa Park. was launched in May 1944, and on 27 January 1945, the ship He applied for Midshipmen’s School, and studied trigonom- sailed for Iwo Jima by way of Saipan. From 19 to 28 February, etry at night to sharpen his quantitative skills, assuming they the Bladen provided support for combat operations on Iwo would be useful for navigation and other things. While Wann Jima. During the battle, the officers’ wardroom on the Bladen waited for his application to Midshipmen’s School to be ap- was turned into an operating room for Marine casualties proved, he went each week to the bulletin board where notice brought off the island. They departed Iwo Jima and returned was posted of Navy Corpsmen who were drafted to serve with to Saipan, where they began preparations for the invasion of the Marines. The United States Marine Corps had no medical Okinawa. In early April, the ship provided logistical support personnel of its own during the war, and drafted Navy Corps- for the early stages of the operations on Okinawa in the Ryu- men to serve with USMC units during combat and field opera- kyu Islands, handling ship-to-shore transports for several days, tions. His name appeared on the draft list just when his bringing wounded aboard and transferring them to a hospital approval came, and Midshipmen’s School had priority over the near the galley. From Okinawa, the ship returned to Saipan draft. He went to Midshipmen’s School at Notre Dame, and after (for six weeks), then to the Solomon Islands and New Cale- four months of study was commissioned as an Ensign in the donia, eventually returning to San Francisco in late July, where Navy (Fig. 5c). Wann was interested in ships and had a quick Wann remembers being when the Japanese surrender was eye, so he applied and was accepted for two months additional announced. training in Columbus, Ohio on aircraft and ship recognition. When the war ended he returned to the University of Okla- He was assigned as an assistant gunnery officer on the USS homa to work on an MSc degree. He met Marietta Evans Bladen (Fig. 5b), an attack transport ship that was still under (1924–2012) there and they were married in 1946. His MSc construction in Long Beach, California. Wann missed being a Thesis research centred on a description of Acrocanthosaurus

Figure 7 Langston posing in the preparation laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, next to his reconstruction of Dilophosaurus weatherilli.

from southeastern Oklahoma. Before he finished the Thesis, that specimen is on display at the California Academy of he began teaching at Texas Technological College in Lubbock, Sciences in San Francisco. Texas. He completed his Masters in 1947, and finished out the To further raise the profile of the palaeontology programme, academic year of 1947–1948 teaching at Texas Tech (Fig. 4c). Savage exhibited an interathere (Notoungulata), and Wann Whilst at Texas Tech he published his first papers, on the post- arranged for the transfer from the Carnegie Museum of a war state of the Division of Paleontology at Tech (1947), field femur from a sauropod dinosaur. If Stirton was angry when he collection methods (1948) and a description of a phytosaur skull returned from Colombia and saw the exhibits, Langston and from Scurry County, Texas (1949; now recognised as a new Savage ‘‘never heard a word about it.’’ Wann completed his taxon; see Stocker 2013, this volume). PhD in 1952, but remained in Berkeley for a time as a Lecturer He entered the University of California at Berkeley in 1948, (Fig. 8) and stayed active in research, gathering data for a and began work on Permian vertebrates from New Mexico for monograph on crocodilians from South America. Wann and his PhD under the supervision of Charles Camp and his other Marietta’s first daughter, Karen, was born in California in 1953. committee members, invertebrate palaeontologist J. Wyatt Loris S. Russell convinced Wann to move to Ottawa, Durham, and herpetologist Robert C. Stebbins. Within a year Canada, and in 1954 he was appointed Curator of Vertebrate of arriving in Berkeley, he assumed the position of Principal Paleontology at the National Museum of Canada (now the Museum Preparator at the University of California Museum Canadian Museum of Nature). ‘‘It didn’t take much convinc- of Paleontology, a position he retained until he left California ing to get me to go to Canada,’’ Wann noted. ‘‘They had one (Fig 6). He was reunited at Berkeley with Don Savage, from of the world’s best collections of dinosaurs . . . and there was whom he learned more about fossil preparation. During that no teaching involved’’ (Fig. 9). During almost nine years in time, he completed the final stages of preparation of Dilopho- Ottawa, he spent every summer in the field. In 1955, he visited saurus wetherilli, and sculpted missing material. He panel- Alberta for the first time with Loris Russell, and returned mounted the specimen, overriding the initial objections of the there annually for four years, then shifted his focus to the Museum’s Director, Ruben A. Stirton. When Stirton went to ‘red beds’ on Prince Edward Island. South America for six months of fieldwork, they finished the Wann’s work in western Canada resulted in the collection of mount and Charles Camp gave them permission to move it to a number of dinosaur skeletons, including Edmontosaurus, the rotunda of the Hearst Mining Building (Fig. 7). A cast of Triceratops and Chasmosaurus. During those years, he was

Figure 8 Dr. Langston brings hominid evolution to life for laboratory visitors.

involved in the design of the Dinosaur Hall at the National and supervised 12 Masters students and three PhD students Museum of Canada and supervised the mounting of the skele- (see Appendix 1). tons of Daspletosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Pachyrhinosaurus and While at Austin, he and his students contributed significantly the postcranial skeleton of Styracosaurus (Fig. 10a). He pub- to our understanding of the vertebrate palaeontology of the Big lished numerous papers on dinosaurs, a group that remained Bend area of Texas, returning to the same areas in which Wann a major focus of his work. It was during this time that he did his first professional fieldwork. Along with Jack Wilson collected the skeleton of a ceratopsian dinosaur; it was not a (Fig. 11), who worked on Cenozoic mammals, Wann restudied priority at the time, but was recently named as a new taxon the dinosaur material that had been collected in the 1930s and (Currie et al. 2008) and is on exhibit in the Canadian Museum collected considerable additional material that added extensively of Nature. He became a major figure in vertebrate palaeon- to our knowledge of the dinosaur fauna of that region. The tology in western Canada during that time and remains in- work in Big Bend resulted in the collection of more complete fluential there today. material of the giant crocodylian Deinosuchus. This huge ani- In 1962, Wann moved with his family (which now included mal became a major focus for Wann in the mid–late 2000s, daughter Sandra, born in 1957) to Austin, Texas, where he when he laboured to craft a masterful model of the skull for took a position as a Research Scientist at the Texas Memorial moulding and casting (Fig. 10b). He could be found in the lab Museum. In the summers, he taught courses on vertebrate on many days, working clay into desired shapes and making palaeontology at Berkeley, and taught on an irregular basis at small ‘tweaks’ to portions of the skull already completed. UT Austin. In 1964, he was appointed as Lecturer in the De- Another important result of the Big Bend work was the dis- partment of Geological Sciences at the University of Texas at covery in 1971 of the gigantic pterosaur, Quetzalcoatlus north- Austin and, in 1969, he succeeded Jack Wilson as Director of ropi, by one of Wann’s graduate students, Douglas Lawson. the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory of the Texas Memo- Enough postcranial material was collected to reconstruct the rial Museum, a position he held until his retirement in 1986. skeleton of the large individual and, from that material, In 1975, he was appointed Professor at UT Austin, and in 1984 Wann helped to generate a life-sized reconstruction of the ani- he was appointed as the first Mr and Mrs Charles E. Yager mal. In the course of his work on Quetzalcoatlus,Wannbecame Professor of Geological Sciences; he currently carries that title a world authority on pterosaurs. Between 1981 and 1985, he in Emeritus status. Wann developed and taught several courses worked closely with Dr. Paul B. McCready of AeroVironment on palaeontology and vertebrate anatomy whilst at Austin, Inc., in the construction of the life-sized flying replica of the

Figure 9 Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at the National Museum of Canada.

Texas pterosaur, which was featured in IMAX theatres around in mid-air until a solution could be found. Wann had long the world in the film On the Wing. A cast of the fully-recon- dreamed of preparing and mounting the bones of Alamosaurus. structed skeleton hangs now in the main lobby of the Texas Because the UT specimen represented approximately one-third Memorial Museum in Austin. Wann also appeared in numer- of an animal, he developed a plan to make a composite of ous other television productions, including ABC’s 20/20 and, material collected by the then Dallas Museum of Natural His- with Sir David Attenborough, in a documentary for Atten- tory and the National Museum of Natural History (Fig. 12a), borough’s BBC series Lost Worlds – Vanished Lives. each of which had collected the respective missing thirds of Wann is known for his imaginative reconstructions of the other individuals. The requisite funding to carry out the plan fossilised skeletons of prehistoric animals. In addition to the to prepare, collate, cast and mount the relevant materials was skeletons in the Ottawa museum, he mounted a number of finally obtained and, 35 years later, a multi-institutional collab- skeletons for other museums. Notable amongst these are an oration resulted in a magnificent mount now displayed at the 80-foot long Diplodocus in the Houston Museum of Natural Perot Museum of Nature and Science. Science (Fig. 10c), a mosasaur (Tylosaurus)andthesmall Wann is extraordinarily generous with his time and talents, dinosaur Tenontosaurus in the Dallas Museum of Natural His- and also is quietly generous with financial support for palae- tory, a duck-billed dinosaur in the Royal Tyrrell Museum in ontology. For years he has provided financial support for Drumheller, Alberta (that specimen now dismantled), and the academic programmes in palaeontology at The University of Onion Creek mosasaur and the reconstructed skeleton of Texas, and for many initiatives of the Society of Vertebrate Quetzalcoatlus (Fig. 10d) for the Texas Memorial Museum. Paleontology. He served the Society of Vertebrate Paleontol- The mosasaur in the Texas Memorial Museum has long been ogy (SVP) as Vice-President in 1974 and as President in 1975. an iconic exhibit; Wann’s original mounting was redone by He was Editor of the SVP News Bulletin in 1977 and 1978, his former student Kyle Davies, now Museum Preparator at and also served as Associate Editor for the Journal of Verte- the Sam Noble Museum in Norman, Oklahoma. In 2012, the brate Paleontology. He chaired the host committee for the Dallas mosasaur and Tenontosaurus were remounted in the annual meeting of the SVP in 1962, and again in 1989. He new Perot Museum of Nature and Science, alongside Quet- served as chair of two committees for the SVP in the 1970s, zalcoatlus and another Big Bend giant, the sauropod Alamo- one that was charged with assessing the state of vertebrate saurus (Fig. 12b). fossil conservation in the US (1972) and a second that provided In 1973, Wann and a team from the Vertebrate Paleontology a visionary report on systematic resources in vertebrate palaeon- Laboratory in Austin excavated and collected over 10,000 tology for the National Science Foundation (1978). His many pounds of field jackets containing skeletal elements of Alamo- contributions to the Society were formally recognised in 2007, saurus, bringing them back to Austin in an old UT dump truck when he was awarded the Romer–Simpson medal, the highest borrowed from the Facilities Department. At least four times honour bestowed by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. during the trip, the heavily-laden truck broke down on the Wann’s many interests are reflected, in part, by his published highway, and VPL fossil preparator Robert Rainey was called work (Appendix 2). That body of work earned him an inter- on to make impromptu repairs on the roadside. When the national reputation as an expert on dinosaurs, crocodilians and bones finally made it to the laboratory, the field jackets were pterosaurs. He also served as a historian for two of the institu- lowered through a hatch into the basement for storage, until tions to which he dedicated so much of his life. He authored a the last block, containing the pelvic girdle, burned out the report on the history of, and challenges facing, the Vertebrate clutch on the hoist. That left the 2,600-pound jacket suspended Paleontology Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin

Figure 10 A legacy of fossil reptile reconstruction: (a) Styracosaurus in the mount shop at the National Museum of Canada, 1960s; (b) Langston’s reconstruction of Deinosuchus based on material that he collected in Big Bend National Park, 2000s; (c) Posing on the scaffolding surrounding the mount of Diplodocus in Houston. The skull is top of frame, the cervical vertebrae have not yet been mounted, 1970s; (d) Langston assembling casts of a juvenile Quezalcoatlus from the Big Bend, 1980s.

(1980) and an in-depth history of vertebrate palaeontological trative of this is a response that he sent in regard to a paper research at the University of Oklahoma (1989). Neither of those published in Science with co-workers in 1976 (Dawson et al. was formally published, but copies are available at the Verte- 1976), when he wrote: ‘‘I regard this as one of my most signiﬁ- brate Paleontology Laboratory in Austin, and at the Sam Noble cant papers – especially because I had so little to do with it.’’ Museum in Norman, Oklahoma. This quotation also brings out an often-overlooked feature of Wann maintains a quiet and unassuming manner in his Wann’s character, namely an acute sense of humour! This is science and, although there is no false modesty about his always best experienced in personal interactions with him (one accomplishments, he keeps them in a healthy perspective. Illus- of us once retaliated to being named ‘‘The Bunny Lady’’ by

Figure 11 Jack Wilson and Wann in the ﬁeld, on Jack’s last ﬁeld trip to the Big Bend region.

christening Wann as ‘‘Smiley’’), but hints of it also are scattered it . . . I think because I’m ignorant or lazy. But I’ve had excellent in his published works, and in published comments about students.’’ him (see especially Wright 1983). The Mustang, the now- Wann can look back over a long career in vertebrate palae- nearly-forgotten newsletter of the Texas Memorial Museum, ontology, and notes that ‘‘with eighty years of active involve- reflects the playful side of Wann Langston, and his ability to ment, I’ve been through most of the revolutions.’’ He is optimis- marry that with serious scholarship and professional ability. tic about the future of the discipline, but harbours concerns He published seven contributions in The Mustang, and his about people selling fossils, and frustrations with land-owners informative history of the UT Austin Vertebrate Paleontology who do not cooperate with palaeontologists. Through it all, he Laboratory appeared under the amusing title ‘‘What’s a veepee measures success by one central criterion: ‘‘Enjoying myself!’’ lab? Here’s what, and how’’ (Langston 1975). The editors of He notes with satisfaction ‘‘I’ve enjoyed everything I’ve done The Mustang (W. W. Newcomb and W. C. Adams), in intro- in paleontology. I always tried to avoid altercations with ducing the second part of Wann’s contribution on Texas dino- colleagues because it’s vertebrate paleontology – I like it all! I saurs, wrote, ‘‘It took The Mustang’s editors weeks of persua- try to know it all! I’m not a deep thinker, I just do my thing.’’ sion to wring a dinosaur story out of paleontologist Wann And he does it well. Langston, Jr. . . . When Langston finally agreed, it was soon obvious that the editors would have a difficult time halting his hot flow of words. This effort was not too successful. . .’’ Acknowledgements When asked his perception of what other people see as his Dennis Tromabatore helped us to track down, and verify cita- major contributions to palaeontology, Wann paused for a few tions to, Wann’s publications. Early versions of this biograph- moments, then said ‘‘I have not done all the things I should ical sketch were improved by comments and suggestions re- have done – but there were always extenuating circumstances ceived from Christopher Jass and Michelle Stocker. We thank I could cook up to keep from doing them. I’m probably best Wann Langston, Jr. for his friendship, sense of humour, and known for my South American croc monograph, and my passionate dedication to the field of palaeontology. work on the Permian of New Mexico. That’s fine, because I’m more interested in the object than the philosophy behind

Figure 12 (a) Langston’s plan for a composited mount of Alamosaurus. The darkest bones represent the hold- ings of the National Museum of Natural History (caudal vertebrae, pectoral girdle, and partial forelimb), the medium grey tone highlights material collected by Wann (dorsals, pelvic girdle, partial hindlimbs and humerus), and the lightest in colour (cervicals) were collected by the Dallas Museum of Natural History (now The Perot Museum of Nature and Science); (b) The T. Boone Pickens Life Then and Now Hall, at The Perot Museum of Nature and Science, featuring ﬁve mounted fossil reptiles that Wann Langston inﬂuenced heavily – Alamosaurus, Tylosaurus, Quetzalcoatlus, Tenontosaurus and Quetzalcoatlus. Image courtesy of Ron Tykoski.

Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. University of Athens, on 23 Sep 2021 at 22:05:25, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755691013000443 LANGSTON: A BIOGRAPHY 201 Note added in proof Lahee, F. H. 1941. Field Geology. Fourth Edition, Revised. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. 853 pp. After an illustrious life and career, Wann Langston, Jr. passed Langston, W., Jr. 1975. What’s a veepee lab? Here’s what, and how. away on April 7, 2013. The Mustang 17 (1), 1–7. Osborn, H. F. & Mook, C. C. 1921. Camarasaurus, Amphicœlias and other sauropods of Cope. Memoirs of the American Museum of Natural History, New Series 3 (3), 247–387, pls 60–85. References Reed, W. M. 1930. The Earth for Sam: The Story of Mountains, Rivers, Dinosaurs and Men. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. 390 pp. Currie, P. J., Langston, W., Jr. & Tanke, D. H. 2008. A new species of Stocker, M. R. 2013. A new taxonomic arrangement for Paleorhinus Pachyrhinosaurus (Dinosauria, Ceratopsidae) from the Upper scurriensis. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. In Currie, P. J., Langston, W., Royal Society of Edinburgh 103 (for 2012), 251–63. Jr. & Tanke, D. H. (eds) A New Horned Dinosaur from an Upper Wright, L. 1983. Texas, a long, long, long, long time ago. Texas Cretaceous Bone Bed in Alberta. Ottawa: NRC Research Press. Monthly 11 (9), 146–151, 213–214, 216, 218, 220–221. 108 pp. Zittel, K. A. v. 1902. Text-book of Palaeontology Volume II (trans- Dawson, M. R., West, R. M., Langston, W., Jr. & Hutchison, J. H. lated and edited by Charles K. Eastman). New York: Macmillan 1976. Paleogene terrestrial vertebrates: northernmost occurrence, and Co. Ltd. 283 pp. Ellesmere Island, Canada. Science 192 (4241), 781–82.

MS received 20 December 2012. Accepted for publication 20 March 2013.

Appendix 1. Graduate Degrees supervised by Wann Sedimentary Rocks in Trans-Pecos Texas (PhD; co-supervised Langston, Jr. at The University of Texas at Austin by Gary Kocurek and Wann Langston) Ralph E. Molnar, 1969. Jaw Musculature and Jaw Mechanics Jeffrey G. Pittman, 1992. Stratigraphy and Vertebrate Ichnology of the Eocene Crocodilian Sebecus icaeorhinus.(MA) of the Glen Rose Formation, Western Gulf Basin, USA. (PhD; co-supervised by Wann Langston and Timothy Rowe). Peter Parks, 1969. Cranial Anatomy and Mastication of the Triassic Reptile Trilophosaurus.(MA) Appendix 2. Publications by Wann Langston, Jr. James G. Mead, 1971. Paleontology of the Sid McAdams Locality (Permian) Southern Taylor County, Texas. (MA) Wann maintained a list of his scientific publications as a section of his professional CV, but included only citations to Douglas A. Lawson, 1972. Paleoecology of the Tornillo Forma- his papers that appeared in peer-reviewed and mainstream tion, Big Bend National Park, Brewster County, Texas. (MA) outlets (even a few of those were left out inadvertently). All Clair R. Ossian, 1974. Paleontology, Paleobotany and Facies efforts to maintain a list ended when he retired. We have Characteristics of a Pennsylvanian Delta in Southeastern Ne- attempted to provide a complete listing of all of Wann’s braska. (PhD) written works, but we caution that this list must be viewed as containing only those of which we are aware. To facilitate ease Walter C. Parrish, 1975. Paleoenvironmental Analysis of a in finding the material, we provide complete citations to all Lower Permian Bonebed and Adjacent Sediments, Wichita entries here, including issue numbers and total pagination. County, Texas. (MA) Citations are listed chronologically. Marc R. Gallup, 1975. Lower Cretaceous Dinosaurs and Asso- Langston, W., Jr. 1947. Progress report of the Division of Vertebrate ciated Vertebrates from North-Central Texas in the Field Mu- Paleontology in the West Texas Museum, Lubbock. Bulletin of seum of Natural History. (MA; Zoology Department Thesis) the Texas Archeological and Paleontological Society 18, 150–54. Langston, W., Jr. 1947. A New Genus and Species of Cretaceous Arthur B. Busbey III, 1977. Functional Morphology of the Theropod Dinosaur from the Trinity of Atoka County, Oklahoma. Head of Pristichampsus vorax (Crocodilia, Eusuchia) from the MSc Thesis, The University of Oklahoma, Norman. 73 pp. Eocene of North America. (MA) Langston, W., Jr. 1948. Vertebrate paleontological field technique and its application to archaeological collecting. Bulletin of the Texas Ruth L. Elder, 1978. Paleontology and Paleoecology of the Archeological and Paleontological Society 19, 88–99. Dockum Group, Upper Triassic, Howard County, Texas. (MA) Langston, W., Jr. 1949. A new species of Paleorhinus from the Triassic of Texas. American Journal of Science 247 (5), 324–41. Glenn W. Storrs, 1981. A Review of Occurrences of the Plesio- Langston, W., Jr. 1949. Permian amphibians from the Abo formation sauria (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) in Texas with Description of of New Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin 60 (12, Part 2), 1903. New Material. (MA) Stovall, J. W. & Langston, W., Jr. 1950. Acrocanthosaurus atokensis,a Thomas M. Lehman, 1982. A Ceratopsian Bone Bed from the new genus and species of lower Cretaceous Theropoda from Oklahoma. The American Midland Naturalist 43 (3), 696–728. Aguja Formation (Upper Cretaceous) Big Bend National Park, Langston, W., Jr. 1952. The Permian Vertebrates of New Mexico. PhD Texas (MA) Dissertation, The University of California, Berkeley. 212 pp; 10 plates. Kyle L. Davies, 1983. Hadrosaurian Dinosaurs of Big Bend Langston, W., Jr. 1952. Summary of the dissertation submitted in partial National Park, Brewster County, Texas. (MA) satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso- phy by Wann Langston, Jr. University of California, Graduate Paul M. Sander, 1984. Depositional Environment and Taphon- Division, Northern Section. 4 pp. omy of Some Fossil Vertebrate Occurrences in Lower-Permian Langston, W., Jr. 1953. Cretaceous terrestrial vertebrates from Redbeds. (MA) Colombia, South America. Geological Society of American Bulletin 64 (12, Pt. 2), 1519. Thomas M. Lehman, 1985. Stratigraphy, Sedimentology and Langston, W., Jr. 1953. Longirostrine crocodilians from the Tertiary Paleontology of Upper Cretaceous (Campanian–Maastrichtian) of South America. Geological Society of American Bulletin 64 (12, Pt. 2), 1520.

Langston, W., Jr. 1953. The first embolomerous amphibians from near Drumheller, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 4 New Mexico. Journal of Geology 61 (1), 68–71. (1), 171–86, Pls 1–2. Langston, W., Jr. 1953. Permian amphibians from New Mexico. Uni- Langston, W., Jr. 1967. Texas dinosaurs (the lack thereof ). Part I. The versity of California Publications in Geological Sciences 29 (7), Mustang 8 (10), 1–6. 349–416. Langston, W., Jr. 1967. Texas dinosaurs (the lack thereof ). Part II. Langston, W., Jr. 1953. Land of Enchantment, 3,000,000,000 [sic] The Mustang 9 (1), 1–8. B.C. El Palacio 60 (6), 227–36. [Many copies manually corrected Langston, W., Jr. 1967. The ages of mother earth. The Mustang 9 (7), to 300,000,000]. 1–7. Langston, W., Jr. 1953. The beast of San Pablo Dam. Splashes (East Langston, W., Jr. 1968. A further note on Pachyrhinosaurus (Reptilia: Bay Municipal Utility District, Oakland, California) 20 (9), 8–9. Ceratopsia). Journal of Paleontology 42 (5, Pt. I), 1303–04. Langston, W., Jr. & Oakes, M. H. 1954. Hadrosaurs in Baja California. Langston, W., Jr. 1968. Cherish a wild crocodile. The Mustang 10 (1), Geological Society of American Bulletin 65 (12, Pt. 2), 1344. 1–7. Langston, W., Jr. & Durham, J. W. 1955. A sauropod dinosaur from Langston, W., Jr. 1970. A fossil ray, possibly Myledaphus (Elasmo- Colombia. Journal of Paleontology 29 (6), 1047–51. branchii: Batoidea) from the Late Cretaceous Oldman Formation [Langston, W., Jr. No date.] The National Museum of Canada Presents of western Canada. National Museums of Canada Publications in Old Bones: an Exhibit on Palaeontology. Ottawa, Canada: The Palaeontology 6, i–vii, 1–15. National Museum of Canada. Unpaginated, six-page exhibit guide. Langston, W., Jr. 1970. Fossil-hunters’ vendetta, the Cope–Marsh [Authored by Langston, but unattributed; exact date of publication feud. The Mustang 12 (3) [sic], 1–8. [Actually volume 12 (4), but is unknown, but falls between 1954 and 1962]. misprinted on cover]. [Langston, W., Jr. No date.] Le MuseéNationalduCanadaPreseńte de Langston, W., Jr. 1971. Review of The Dinosaurs, Second Edition, by Vieux Ossements E´ talage sur le Paleóntologie. Ottawa, Canada: W. E. Swinton. Journal of Geological Education 19 (3), 159–60. The National Museum of Canada. Unpaginated, six-page exhibit Langston, W., Jr. 1972. Review of Stratigraphy and paleontology of guide. [Authored by Langston, but unattributed; exact date of the Cloverly Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of the Bighorn Basin publication is unknown, but falls between 1954 and 1962]. area, Wyoming and Montana, by John H. Ostrom. Journal of Langston, W., Jr. 1956. The shell of Basilemys variolosa (Cope). In Paleontology 46 (6), 928–29. Annual Report of the National Museum for the Fiscal Year 1954– Langston, W., Jr., Carroll, R. L., Gazin, C. L., Lillegraven, J. A., 55. National Museum of Canada Bulletin 142,155–65. Patton, T. H., Romer, A. S. & Wilson, R. W. 1972. Fossil Verte- Langston, W., Jr. 1956. The Sebecosuchia: cosmopolitan crocodilians? brates in the United States 1972. Report of an ad hoc Committee American Journal of Science 254 (10), 605–14. of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology on the Status of Fossil Langston, W., Jr. 1958. Champsosaur giants. National Museum of Vertebrate Conservation in the United States. Austin, Texas: Canada, Natural History Papers 2,1–4. Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. i–iii þ 154 pp. Langston, W., Jr. 1959. Anchiceratops from the Oldman Formation of Langston, W., Jr. 1973. The crocodilian skull in historical perspective. Alberta. National Museum of Canada, Natural History Papers 3, In Gans, C. & Parsons, T. S. (eds) Biology of the Reptilia, Volume 1–11. 4, Morphology D, 263–84. New York and London: Academic Langston, W., Jr. 1959. Alberta and fossil vertebrates. In Austin, G. H. Press. (ed.) Ninth Annual Field Conference, Moose Mountain (Drumheller) Langston, W., Jr. 1974. Non-mammalian Comanchean tetrapods. Geo- September 1959, 8–19. Calgary: Alberta Society of Petroleum Geo- science and Man 8,77–102. logists. Langston, W., Jr. 1975. Ziphodont crocodiles: Pristichampsus vorax Langston, W., Jr. 1960. A hadrosaurian ichnite. National Museum of (Troxell), new combination, from the Eocene of North America. Canada, Natural History Papers 4,1–9. Fieldiana: Geology 33 (16), 291–314. Zangerl, R., Jr. & Langston, W., Jr. 1960. The Vertebrate Fauna Langston, W., Jr. 1975. The ceratopsian dinosaurs and associated of the Selma Formation of Alabama. Part V – an Advanced lower vertebrates from the St. Mary River Formation (Maestrich- Cheloniid Sea Turtle. Fieldiana. Geology Memoirs 3 (5). tian) at Scabby Butte, southern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Langston, W., Jr. 1960. The Vertebrate Fauna of the Selma Forma- Earth Sciences 12 (9), 1576–1608. tion of Alabama. Part VI – the Dinosaurs. Fieldiana. Geology Langston, W., Jr. 1975. What’s a veepee lab? Here’s what, and how. Memoirs 3 (6), 313–61, Pl. 34. The Mustang 17 (1), 1–7. Langston, W., Jr. 1963. Fossil vertebrates and the late Palaeozoic red Langston, W., Jr. 1976. A Late Cretaceous vertebrate fauna from the beds of Prince Edward Island. National Museum of Canada Bulletin St. Mary River Formation in western Canada. In Churcher, C. S. 187,1–36. (ed.) Essays on Palaeontology in Honour of Loris Shano, 114–33. Langston, W., Jr. & Oschinsky, L. 1963. Notes on Taber ‘‘early man’’ Toronto, Ontario, Canada: Russell Royal Ontario Museum Life site. Anthropologica, new series 5 (2), 147–50, Pls 1–2. Sciences Miscellaneous Publications. Hunter, H. A. & Langston, W., Jr. 1965. Odontoma in a northern Dawson, M. R., West, R. M., Langston, W., Jr. & Hutchison, J. H. mammoth. Palaeontology 7 (4), 674–81, Pls 100–01. 1976. Paleogene terrestrial vertebrates: northernmost occurrence, Langston, W., Jr. 1965. Oedaleops campi (Reptilia: Pelycosauria) new Ellesmere Island, Canada. Science 192 (4241), 781–82. genus and species from the Lower Permian of New Mexico, and Langston, W., Jr. & Lewis, R. D. 1977. Paleontological Resources in the family Eothyrididae. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum Southeastern Oklahoma: A Survey of the Literature. A Report 9,1–47. Prepared for the US Department of the Interior Bureau of Land Langston, W. Jr. 1965. Pre-Cenozoic vertebrate paleontology in Management, August 1, 1977. Order Number NM-010-PH7-830. Alberta: its past and future. In Vertebrate Paleontology in 52 pp. Alberta, 9–31. Report of a Conference Held at the University of Langston, W., Jr. 1978 (‘‘1977’’). Fossil Vertebrates in the United Alberta, Aug. 29–Sept. 3, 1963. Edmonton, Alberta: University States. The Next Ten Years. A report of the Society of Vertebrate of Alberta. [Offprints paginated 1–23]. Paleontology Advisory Committee for Systematic Resources in Langston, W. Jr. 1965. Fossil crocodilians from Colombia and the Vertebrate Paleontology. Prepared for the National Science Cenozoic history of the Crocodilia in South America. University Foundation, Directorate for Biological, Behavioral and Social of California Publications in Geological Sciences 52,1–169. Sciences. Austin, Texas: The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology. Langston, W., Jr. 1965. The Onion Creek mosasaur. The Mustang 7 i–v þ 40 pp. (4), 1–5. Langston, W., Jr. 1978. The Great Pterosaur. Discovery, Research and Langston, W., Jr. 1966. Limnosceloides brachycoles (Reptilia: Cap- Scholarship at The University of Texas at Austin 2 (3), 20–23. torhinomorpha), a new species from the Lower Permian of New Langston, W. Jr. & Rose, H. 1978. A yearling crocodilian from the Mexico. Journal of Paleontology 40 (3), 690–95. Middle Eocene Green River Formation of Colorado. Journal of Langston, W., Jr. 1966. The Onion Creek mosasaur. Texas Memorial Paleontology 52 (1), 122–25. Museum Notes 10,1–24. Perkins, B. F. & Langston, W., Jr. 1979. Field Trip Guide. Lower Langston, W., Jr. 1966. Mourasuchus Price, Nettosuchus Langston, Cretaceous Shallow Marine Environments in the Glen Rose Forma- and the Family Nettosuchidae (Reptilia: Crocodilia). Copeia tion: Dinosaur Tracks and Plants. American Association of Stra- 1966 (4), 882–85. tigraphic Palynologists 12th Annual Meeting, Dallas Texas, Langston, W., Jr. 1967. Review of Vertebrate Paleontology,Third November 3, 1979. American Association of Stratigraphic Paly- Edition, by Alfred Sherwood Romer. Journal of Paleontology 41 nologists. 55 pp. (5), 1305–07. Langston, W., Jr. 1979. Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracks near Glen Langston, W., Jr. 1967. The thick-headed ceratopsian dinosaur Pachyr- Rose, Texas. In Perkins, B. F. & Langston, W., Jr. Field Trip hinosaurus (Reptilia: Ornithischia), from the Edmonton Formation Guide. Lower Cretaceous Shallow Marine Environments in the

Glen Rose Formation: Dinosaur Tracks and Plants, 39–55. Amer- Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Anchisaurus. Academic American Encyclopedia ican Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 12th Annual 1 (A–Ang), 399. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Com- Meeting, Dallas Texas, November 3, 1979. American Association pany, Inc. of Stratigraphic Palynologists. 55 pp. [Revised in 1983, 1990 and Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Brachiosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- 1991]. pedia 3 (B), 435. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Com- Madden, C. T., Naqvi, I. M., Whitmore, F. C., Jr., Schmidt, D. L., pany, Inc. Langston, W., Jr. & Wood, R. C. 1979. Paleocene Vertebrates Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Camptosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- from Coastal Deposits in the Harrat Hadan Area, At Taif Re- pedia 4 (C–Cit), 67–68. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing gion, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. United States Geological Survey, Company, Inc. Saudi Arabian Mission Project Report SA(IR) 269, i–iii, 1–29. Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Compsognathus. Academic American Ency- Jiddah, Saudi Arabia: United States Geological Survey. [Also clopedia 5 (Cit–Cz), 158. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing United States Geological Survey Open-File Report 80–227]. Company, Inc. Langston, W., Jr. 1980. The Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory. Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Corythosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- Problems and Solutions. 18 pp. [Unpublished manuscript. Copy pedia 5 (Cit–Cz), 279–80. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publish- on file at the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory at The Univer- ing Company, Inc. sity of Texas at Austin]. Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Dimetrodon. Academic American Encyclopedia Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Pterosaurs. Scientific American 244 (2), 122–26, 6 (D), 177. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Company, Inc. 128, 130–32, 135–36. Langston, W. 1987. Iguanodon. Academic American Encyclopedia 11 Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Pterosaurs. Scientific American Offprints 1492, (I–J), 39. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Company, Inc. 1–11. Langston, W., Jr. 1987. Pachycephalosaurus. Academic American Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Anchisaurus. Academic American Encyclopedia Encyclopedia 15 (P), 5. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing 1 (A–Ang), 399. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Com- Company, Inc. pany, Inc. Perkins, B. F., Langston, W., Jr. & Clarke, R. T. 1987. Lower Creta- Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Brachiosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- ceous Shallow Marine Environments in the Glen Rose Formation: pedia 3 (B), 435. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Com- Dinosaur Tracks and Plants. Field Trip Guide, Field Trip #1. pany, Inc. 1987 Southwest Section AAPG Convention, March 22–24, 1987, Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Camptosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- Dallas, Texas. 83 pp. pedia 4 (C–Cit), 67–68. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Langston, W., Jr. & Pittman, J. G. 1987. Lower Cretaceous dinosaur Company, Inc. tracks near Glen Rose, Texas. In Perkins, B. F., Langston, W., Jr. Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Compsognathus. Academic American Ency- & Clarke, R. T. Lower Cretaceous Shallow Marine Environments clopedia 5 (Cit–Cz), 158. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing in the Glen Rose Formation: Dinosaur Tracks and Plants, 39–69. Company, Inc. Field Trip Guide, Field Trip #1. 1987 Southwest Section AAPG Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Corythosaurus. Academic American Encyclo- Convention, March 22–24, 1987, Dallas, Texas. pedia 5 (Cit–Cz), 279–80. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publish- Langston, W., Jr. 1989. A History of Vertebrate Paleontology at ing Company, Inc. the University of Oklahoma. 108 pp. [Unpublished manuscript. Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Dimetrodon. Academic American Encyclope- Copies on file at Sam Noble Museum in Norman, Oklahoma, dia 6 (D), 177. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Com- and at the Vertebrate Paleontology Laboratory at The University pany, Inc. of Texas at Austin]. Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Iguanodon. Academic American Encyclopedia Langston, W., Jr., Standhardt, B. & Stevens. M. 1989. Fossil verte- 11 (I–J), 39. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Company, brate collecting in the Big Bend – History and retrospective. In Inc. Busbey, A. B. III & Lehman, T. M. (eds) Vertebrate Paleon- Langston, W., Jr. 1981. Pachycephalosaurus. Academic American tology, Biostratigraphy and Depositional Environments, Latest Encyclopedia 15 (P), 5. Princeton, New Jersey: Areˆte Publishing Cretaceous and Tertiary, Big Bend Area, Texas, 11–21. Guide- Company, Inc. book, Field Trip Numbers 1 A, B and C, 49th Annual Meeting Langston, W., Jr. & Reisz, R. R. 1981. Aerosaurus wellesi, new species, of the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Austin, Texas, 29 a varanopseid mammal-like reptile (Synapsida: Pelycosauria) from October –1 November, 1989. the Lower Permian of New Mexico. Journal of Vertebrate Paleon- Langston, W., Jr. 1990. Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracks near Glen tology 1 (1), 73–96. Rose, Texas. In Hastings, R. J., Clarke, R. T. & Pittman, J. G. Perkins, B. F. & Langston, W., Jr. (eds) 1983. Trace Fossils and Pale- Dinosaur tracks in the Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of Central oenvironments of Selected Cretaceous Localities, North-Central Texas, 39–61. Geological Society of America Field Trip Guide Texas. For the Annual Meeting of the American Association of Book No. 9. Dallas, Texas. Petroleum Geologists and the Society of Economic Paleonto- Langston, W., Jr. 1991. Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracks near Glen logists and Mineralogists, Dallas, Texas, April, 1983. Dallas, Rose, Texas. In Hastings, R. J., Clarke, R. T. and Pittman, J. G. Texas: Dallas Geological Society. Unpaginated. Dinosaur tracks in the Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation of Central Perkins, B. F. & Langston, W., Jr. 1983. Field Trip Guide. Lower Texas, 39–61. Dallas Geological Society Field Trip Guidebook Cretaceous Shallow Marine Environments in the Glen Rose Forma- No. 8. Dallas, Texas. tion: Dinosaur Tracks and Plants. American Association of Sarjeant, W. A. S. & Langston, W., Jr. 1994. Vertebrate footprints Stratigraphic Palynologists 12th Annual Meeting, Dallas Texas, and invertebrate traces from the Chadronian (late Eocene) of November 3, 1979. Revised. American Association of Strati- Trans–Pecos Texas. Texas Memorial Museum Bulletin 36,1–86. graphic Palynologists. 61 pp. Czaplewski, N. J., Cifelli, R. L. & Langston, W., Jr. 1994. Catalog of Langston, W., Jr. 1983. Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracks near Glen type and figured fossil vertebrates, Oklahoma Museum of Natural Rose, Texas. In Perkins, B. F. & Langston, W., Jr. Field Trip History. Oklahoma Geological Survey Special Publication 94 (1), Guide. Lower Cretaceous Shallow Marine Environments in the 1–35. Glen Rose Formation: Dinosaur Tracks and Plants, 39–61. Amer- Langston, W., Jr. 1995. Dyrosaurs (Crocodilia, Mesosuchia) from the ican Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists 12th Annual Paleocene Umm Himar Formation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In Meeting, Dallas Texas, November 3, 1979 . Revised. American Whitmore, Jr., F. C. & Madden, C. T. (eds) Paleocene Verte- Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists. 61 pp. brates from Jabal Umm Himar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. United Langston, W., Jr. 1984. Fossil bones. Top-ranked Vertebrate Paleon- States Geological Survey Bulletin 2093, F1–F36. tology Laboratory gives expert guidance to Texas state agencies, Kellner, A. W. A. & Langston, W., Jr. 1996. Cranial remains of museums, and international paleontologists. Discovery, Research Quetzalcoatlus (Pterosauria, Azhdarchidae) from Late Cretaceous and Scholarship at The University of Texas at Austin 9 (1), 38–42. sediments of Big Bend National Park, Texas. Journal of Verte- Langston, W., Jr. & Olson, E. C. 1986. Carrolla craddocki a new brate Paleontology 16 (2), 222–31. genus and species of microsaur from the Lower Permian of Lehman, T. M. & Langston, W., Jr. 1996. Habitat and behavior of Texas. Texas Memorial Museum, Pearce-Sellards Series 43, 1–20. Quetzalcoatlus: Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the Jave- Langston, W., Jr. 1986. Rebuilding the world’s biggest flying creature: lina Formation (Upper Cretaceous), Big Bend National Park, The second coming of Quetzalcoatlus northropi. In Pause´,P.H.& Texas. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 16 (Suppl. to 3), 48A. Spears, R. G. (eds) Geology of the Big Bend Area and Solitario Langston, W., Jr. & Gasparini, Z. 1997. Crocodilians, Gryposuchus, Dome, Texas, 125–28. 1986 Field Trip Guidebook [West Texas and the South American gavials. In Kay, R. F., Madden, R. H., Geological Society Publication 86–82.] Cifelli, R. L. & Flynn, J. J. (eds) Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics – the Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Columbia, 113–54. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.

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