United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

World Investment Report FDI Policies for Development: 2003 National and International Perspectives

United Nations New York and Geneva, 2003 ANNEXES 186 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives ANNEX A 187 b /... 75.0 TNI f 97 900 64.8 80 178 97 275 43.8 54.4 91 729 64.4 38 000 73.2 51 037 62 124 20 033 71.8 85.8 55.5 90 000 48.2 44 000 97.7 116 900 116 54.9 381 504 66.3 229 765 319 876 156 865 50.2 95.6 125 099 45.6 f g f f f f f h f f h f f f f f a Total Foreign Total (Percent) 50 717 85 866 223 324 19 382 173 969 148 486 34 482 23 338 29 924 27 142 52 680 52 300 276 235 17 778 22.3 33 070 89 924 39 831 175 000 27.8 137 051 76 441 372 470 22.1 i i f i i i h f i e 303 27 775 93 517 161 527 57.3 Foreign 153 12 327 32 259 54 000 25 289 17 156 17 463 55 451 63 717 91.8 31 758 27 319 29 689 60 962 107 470 70.9 78 500 74 647 94 418 69 037 55 281 122 025 6 092 87 755 74.9 41511 22 744 71 419 32 305 53 478 46 922 18 876 77 253 64 285 28 675 151 953 46 803 65.6 41 172 37.6 204 000 31 513 61 393 279 000 62 294 34 761 38 605 13 377 235 894 66.5 57 595 358 501 20 56773636 99 300 62.6 47 968 168 000 5 809 32 817 56.7 9 327 15 778 28 562000 35 40 150 29 552 26 260 59 701 14 821 27 904 13 747 84 968 17 530 183 851 16 020 33 944 30 991 270 739 38 737 13 627 59 868 42 275 68.4 10 362 24 921 13 534 21 137 54 231 27 927 16 571 107 571 17 511 7 869 54.7 38 800 18 301 52 600 44.7 83.7 207 458 24 602 32 744 56 430 67 178 83.2 111 543111 72 952 135 211 52 109 89 939 59.3 123 156 145 802 29 652 143 174 836 11 145 814 51 423 209 417 43 309 256 725 61 148 78 722 144 793 257 058 59 880 108 808 40.0 186 911 246 702 59.3 138 837 9 844 d d f d d f d f d d d d d d f d f d d d d d d 650 40 007 13 880 15 087 24 700 33 800 84.7 18 116 33 398 16 051 30 004 57 720 000111 53.2 20 872 32 671 17 108 29 136 41 606 92 545 55.9 Foreign Total Assets SalesEmployment and equipment 30 586 c aceuticals/chemicals 20 297 ting & publishing& ting 81517 40218 7 086 7 237338 43 ransport and storage 20 840 elecommunications 90 657 elecommunications 17 474 Motor vehiclesMotor Diversified 47 480 92 520 40 989 57 426 79 376 157 579 324 413 57.4

Diversified 19 339 Food & beverages& Food waterand gas Electricity, Diversified 32 809 33 065 81 024 23 151 55 821 58 039 34 704 65 609 30 529 155 634 40.8 Media gas and waterElectricity, 33 990 Electrical & electronic equipment 35 26 930 Pharmaceuticals 18 160 39 Electrical & electronic equipmentelectronic & Electrical 29 416 34 070 27 598 28 992 157 661 188 643 88.4 Motor vehiclesMotor 29 901 45 415 25 304 Pharmaceuticals 20 295 (Millions of dollars and number employees) ates Telecommunications States gas and water Electricity, 17 966 Hong Kong, China United Kingdom/ Netherlands Petroleum expl./ref./distr.Spain 73 492 Switzerland Germany United Kingdom/ Netherlands Telecommunications 48 122 77 011 14 NetherlandsKingdomUnited Retailwaterand gas Electricity, 08019 83924 19 967 3 829 6 30815410 23613 71.4 Germany Canada Prin Switzerland Machinery Germany Switzerland PharmaceuticalsCanada 22 794 T Germany Chemicals Germany T h Inc United States h AG Germany T h f Group Germany j h h Networks Annex table A.I.1. The world’s top 100 non-financial TNCs, ranked by foreign assets, 2001 top 100 non-financial TNCs, ranked by foreign assets, A.I.1. The world’s Annex table a Motor Corporation Japan Motor vehicles 68 400 Corporation Home economy Industry b assets TNI assets

b 1 13 1 15 VodafoneKingdom United Telecommunications 187 792 234 83 15 36 2 7 4 73 24Electric General 42 BP Universal Vivendi States United FranceKingdom United equipmentelectronic & Electrical 180 031 495 210 Diversified 39 914expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 125 913 152 000 310 000 207 111 141 158 39.0 141 225 175 389 91 120 90 500 150 110 80.5 6 39 3 30 Exxonmobil Corporation United States Petroleum expl./ref./distr. 89 426 5 82 - - Deutsche Telekom 789 85 87 48 38 5 85 6CompanyMotor Ford 84 46Motors General Royal Dutch/Shell Group States United States United vehicles Motor vehicles Motor 81 169 276 543 52 983 75 379 162 412 323 969 188 919 45 256 354 431 177 260 148 000 38.4 365 000 29.8 11 18 15 23 Suez Francewaterand gas Electricity, 69 345 79 280 29 919 37 975 128 750 188 050 78.2 1617 57 38 13 14 93 52Corp. ChevronTexaco Hutchison Whampoa Limited States United expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 44 943 77 572 57 673 104 409 35 569 67 569 55.3 15 51 12 23 Volkswagen 23 65 11 57 IBMStates United 51 59equipmentelectronic & Electrical - 32 800 - 88 313 Pinault-Printemps Redoute SA 50 651 France Retail 18 285 3637 6 70 32 - 66 - Nissan Motor Co LtdSA Lafarge Japan Francevehicles Motor materials Construction 24 382 24 906 54 113 26 493 29 078 10 537 47 091 12 280 37 417 73 940 82 892 89.7 42 58 35 3150 Bayer AG 28 - - Transco National Grid Germany Pharm 12 47 8 80 Toyot 181920 1121 44 86 17 20 29 23 1126 18 43 News Corporation 77LtdCo Motor Honda 75 E.On 430 Nestlé SA 31 3632 9133 69 74 53Group ENI 40 Japan Australia - 20 22 40 87 - 48YPF SA Repsol FranceDe Electricité 56 Sony Corporation SA Aventis 4546 Italy 27vehicles Motor France 26 Spain Japan 5752 - 33SASaint-Gobain De Compagnie France 6855 - BHP Billiton Group France57 43 2 35 257 59 42waterand gas Electricity, expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 52 056 Pfizer Inc 49expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 30 40 088 2 55 955 26 Thomson Corporation Australia 28 141 Pharmaceuticals Alcatel 29 935 59 000 120 124materials Construction 27 028 55 584 120 600 12 468 19 437 45 575 36 502 62.8 43 861 13 752 38 066States United 39 135 26 570 19 961 26 368 162 491quarrying& Mining 16 455 28 478 27.0 35 452 19 091 France 27 245 47.0 130 000 19 898 173 329 71.7 equipmentand Machinery 17 356 32 382 15 786 22 729 68 191 99 314 63.9 1314 63 52 10 9 47Spa Fiat 55 SA Telefonica Italyvehicles Motor 48 749 89 264 24 860 52 002 103 565 198 764 51.5 2425 3 35 24 37 49 3 Unilever ABB 38 24 63 50Corporation AES States United gas and water Electricity, 23 902 22 81 61 86 Group RWE 10 21 19 62 TotalFinaElf France Petroleum expl./ref./distr. 70 030 272829 60 7 45 2134 25 45 5135 BMW AG 10 95 41 Electronics Philips 97 Carrefour SA39 28 16 91 5 93Stores Wal-Mart AG DaimlerChrysler 34 Netherlands 47 1848 Roche Group 49 France 10 55 90StatesUnited Germany/ 27States United 53 95 10054 19 62 67vehicles Diageo Plc Motor 9456 72 Conoco Inc. Philip Morris Companies 55 12 41 69 Retail Retail 79 Motorola Inc - Utilities Company Texas - Nortel 25 795 183 765 United Kingdom United States United 43 556 United St 29 342 Food & beverages 26 324expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 83 451 35 485 217 799 19 383 303 000 000383 1 19 731 23.2 40 54 33 37 BASF AG 43 29 70 53 GlaxoSmithkline Plc United Kingdom 44 33 53 14Ahold NV Royal 41 96 64 96AG Deutsche Post Ranking in 2001: 2000: ForeignTNI assets Foreign 188 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives b TNI 36 116 24.5 52 689 49.4 81 425 67.7 10 000 24.8 101 800 38.9 250 309 4.6 f f f h f f Total Foreign Total (Percent) 22 442 47 870 85 198 58.1 20 092 45 226 26 147 44 992 38 341 86 200 68.9 54.2 32 589 48 826 140 417 43.5 33 004 50 645 17 352 59 358 67 190 10 012 50231 1 600 (concluded) a k i i i d i f e Foreign 258 4 955 8 47275027 56135 69.4 38 488 12 800 11 646 11 5 157 6 12229123 02729 86.2 40 776 22 417 19 040 12 566 83416 40 23860531 3 699 2 057 43 381 24 449 3 699 25 501 102 000 6 129 17 011 57 204 13 50917819 18 322 44.1 26 815 40 319 19 282 44 414 6 366 52 26320019 12 672 47 463 175 000 19 825 15 116 24 726 142 984 35 515 99.9 204 000 72 031 267 196 16 080 42.9 30 441 72.7 74.6 27 805 44.1 79 000 17 985 26 161 15 508 42.8 16 480 19 870 27 557 42 400 27 963 52 600 35 470 81.9 44 007 57 71636915 16 403 7 803 23 296 74.5 3 589 613 11 47 71641313 6 036 27 700 16 285 7 560 78 100 31 53783810 25.4 71 426 55.4 41.8 170 795170 2 541 d k d d f d d d d d d d d d d d d cent. Assets Sales Employment 64528216 4 390 6 73044917 51925 70.4 536 37 158 5 808 26 363 37 000 100 000 28.2 15 59415 10819 1 362 4 05457417 53521 65.6 10 949 10 286 Foreign Total f 2000/01 sales. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). the partial (total) assets was applied to total assets to calculate the total foreign assets. In all cases the foreign assets. to calculate the total assets was applied to total assets (total) the partial hree ratios: foreign assets to total assets, foreign sales to total sales and foreign employment to total employment. assets, foreign sales to total to total hree ratios: foreign assets and waterand 9 73075422 4 961 c allic mineral productsmineral allic 01615 09716 7 454 8 17061344 36247 92.9 beverages 42911 15 146 9 950 12 972 88 285 100 560 80.0 al and metal products metal and al 14 018 31 565 15 436 33 782 88 221 193 516 45.2 elecommunications 10 159 elecommunicationselecommunications 9 900 9 74216034 24 130 2 066 17 461 02714 250 11 00075 19.6 Motor vehicles 15 928 Pharmaceuticalsproducts metal and Metal 10 750 9 96635528 7 85985922 50072 000129 41.9 Media Pharmaceuticals 12 762 Diversified 17 342 Pharmaceuticals 10 891 Paper 9 (Millions of dollars and number employees) ngdom Telecommunications 16 659 23 States Pharmaceuticals Kingdom Telecommunications 16 744 Kingdom Kingdom Sweden FranceMexico Motor vehicles 15 444 Construction materialsFrance 12 goods Luxury 10 208 21 115 8 907 10 963 34 095 53 795 64.3 United States CanadaSweden T T United StatesUnited equipmentelectronic & Electrical 17 007 32 584 26 393 United KingdomSwitzerland Mining & quarryingFinland Non-met 15 848 ofRepublic Korea, France Paperequipmentelectronic & Electrical 56111 20 304 Food & 10 009 22 528 13 471 21 017 18 214 42 512 41511 12 111 50.3 29 221 44 275 78.1 United States Germany Met f h j f Corporation Home economy Industry b Annex table A.I.1. The world’s top 100 non-financial TNCs, ranked by foreign assets, 2001 top 100 non-financial TNCs, ranked by foreign assets, A.I.1. The world’s Annex table assets TNI assets

b : University database. UNCTAD/Erasmus resulting figures have been sent for confirmation to the companies. All data are based on the companies' annual reports unless otherwise stated. annual reports are based on the companies' All data TNI is the abbreviation for "transnationality index". The transnationlity index calculated as average of following t Industrial Classification as used by the United States Standard follows the United States Industry classification for companies to foreign assets In these cases the ratio of partial foreign assets. reported only partial In a number of cases companies Foreign sales are based on the origin of unless otherwise stated. survey. as a response to an UNCTAD were derived from the company Data employment. to total asets and total calculated by applying the ratio of foreign assets Foreign employment data Europe. for outside Data Foreign sales are based on customer location. Sales calculated by summing the half year result for 2001 and 50% o In 2001 the company changed year-end from June to December. America. North for outside Data : foreign investors may hold a minority share of more than 10 per In some companies, TNCs only. The list includes non-financial a b c d e f g h i j k Note Source 82 23 - - Nokia Finland Telecommunications 12 592 75 17 54 22 Enso Oy Stora 6465 88 22 96 69 90 28Corporation Mitsubishi AB Volvo Japanvehicles Motor 16 556 61 087 15 821 100 553 18 779 44 034 28.5 59 326263 47 77 3166 2767 Coca-Cola Company68 - 78 2569 7470 37 36 - 26 78 Cable & Wireless Plc MMO2 62 76 8 - 78 - Anglo American 98 Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. United States Matsushita Japan - 54 - Singtel Ltd. Renault SA 79 Du Pont (E.I.) De NemoursKi United 8081 49 4383 3084 Food & beverages 67States United 85 19 - 76 39 United 8 64equipmentelectronic & Electrical Corporation McDonald's 40 - - Cemex S.A. 68 15 712 Bertelsmann 92 Singapore9192 21 - 63 Pharmaceuticals/chemicals 17 058 Elsevier WPP Group Plc Reed 56 LG Electronics Inc. 94States United 3495 41 100 - 31 15 536 58 5 - - Telecommunications Plc British American Amerada Hess CorporationTobacco 100 Germany Communications Verizon Restaurants -Kingdom United KingdomUnited Netherlands/ SA Moët-Hennessy Louis Vuitton LVMH printing United and Kingdom Publishing United States United Statesservices Business 30912 Media Tobacco 12 75525514 Petroleum expl./ref./distr. 22 535 4 853 T 8 535 6 607 99811 10 721 14 87050025 14 368 251 023 27 85360034 395 000 30 265 10 355 12 755 77.8 59.2 43 690 21 028 50 487 83411 17 015 87.4 48 426 80 296 63.5 8990 46 92 39 739697 1 8198 PlcTinto Rio 79 Merck & Co 99 99 50 93 - - - 60 - - Alcoa 99 - Bell Canada Enterprises Mirant Corp. Ericsson LM AustraliaKingdom/ United quarrying& Mining United States United States 10 852 19 616 6 052 gas 10 438 Electricity, 26 384 36 141 62.1 73 66 50 61 Dow Chemical Company United States Pharmaceuticals/chemicals 14 508 6061 61 1 44 58 - Hewlett-Packard -71 NTL Incorporated 4 - - United States Holcim AG Telecommunications 16 815 87 9 83 25 Pearson Plc United 72 947677 4278 67 98 89 14 & Co Mitsui Ltd - 56 52 95 -Ltd Hitachi 86 9Power Scottish Astrazeneca Plc 16 Japan 75 17 Danone Groupe SA Kingdom United United Japantrade Wholesale waterand gas Electricity, equipmentelectronic 186& 13 Electrical 26923 12 769 14 733 70 412 4 520 50 013 14 130 25 553 9 050 60 753 96 174 6 349 72 849 6 308 75815 321 517 49.0 21.4 58 73 46 60 Procter & Gamble 88 84 59 70 Johnson & United States 74 71 - - Thyssenkrupp AG 93 80 - - Abbott Laboratories United 100 89 - - International Paper Company United States Ranking in 2001: Ranking in 2000: ForeignTNI assets Foreign ANNEX A 189 /... b 7 9.6 55.5 91.0 53.4 17.1 31.2 30.7 70.4 81.8 60.2 32.5 TNI f f tal (Per cent) 11 777 11 45511 51.7 21 535 65.6 73 682 36.4 16 500 79.9 70 00014 337 75.0 63.4 33 230 55.2 13 12013 669 88.4 7.0 38 483 4.3 28 619 26 384 41.1 10 706 37.4 110 000110 60.3 a g f g f g g g f g g g f f f g 5516 91 958 12.2 14955 26 000 2 2129 413 7 354629 62 733 11 55.5 6 691 50734 2 495 3 774 16000 3 174 32.4 6 827 Total Foreign To 46 250 5 480 46 425 22.8 37 155 23 953 e d d d d d d d 919 4 385 7 142786 14 661 3 283 4 507 16223 23.5 362 2 651 359 17 681 4 006 25 724 22.2 Sales Employment 1 362 4 054574 17 2 433 4 364450 15 f 042 854 932 6 869 7 641 403 2 027 3 521222 10 233 23 400 5 800 32300 .. 4 164 17.4 470 332 1 059 1 523 203 743 2 384 3 460 26 697 304 10 009 22 528 21 017 42 512 50.3 4 115 5 363 4 9517 798 2 9707 166 1 109 6 297 4 737412 10 4 504 3 223 4 184 10429 4 399 18231 70.4 2 046 1 852 1 852 47998 4 379 48046 99.3 988 3 2902 136 1 911 2 290 2 379 4 017 4 686 78.9 Total Foreign 16 253 565 2 933 800 26 100 55 281 6 092 415 11 57 542 53 478 19 801 77 253 65.6 41 692 25 112 10 446 .. 3 751 ... f f h f, h h h h h h h h h h h c Assets 129 2 559 362 433920 12 989 2 870 6 454 857 1 302457 11 1 686 3 344 2 198 3 754 2 259 4 480 53.1 1 225 1,584 3 Foreign

expl./ref./distr. 2 154 6 244 471 1 655 1 182 3 427 , gas and water 1 559 6 798 93 3 205 36 4 085 8.9 c beverages & beverages& 1 549 2 693 1 & beverages& 1 118 828 1 1 205 1 889 8 664585 15 ransport and storage 4 674 DiversifiedPaper 3 694 4 3 463 Electrical & electronic equipment 2 983 Diversified 1 409 2 Diversified 4 080 beverages& Food 1 229 4 282 949 1 660 7 920 Petroleum expl./ref./distr. 7 877 37 933 5 Diversified 4 715 Diversified 40 Non-metalic mineral productsmineral Non-metalic 12 645 16 282 4 390 6 730 17 449 25 519 Diversified 4 184 China Diversified 2 (Millions of dollars and number employees) Africa Media 979 1 economy Industry Kong, China enezuela Petroleum expl./ref./distr. 7 964 Korea, Republic of Electrical & electronic equipment 561 11 20 SingaporeKorea, Republic ofChina Electrical & electronic equipment 2 800 Hotels 9 DiversifiedMexico 2 788Hong Kong, China Food 4 928 9 145storageand Transport 16165 350 1 170 7 950 39.2 Mexico Telecommunications 2 323 10137 Singapore Hong Kong, China SingaporeSingapore Diversified 1,422 6 332 Malaysia Malaysia Diversified Hong Kong, China Singapore Telecommunications 15 594 19 108 Philippines Food & Argentina Petroleum Mexico Hong Kong, China h l Berhad i d. Singapore T f . Mexico Food f k Annex table A.I.2. The top 50 non-financial TNCs from developing economies, ranked by foreign assets, 2001 A.I.2. The top 50 non-financial TNCs from developing economies, ranked by foreign assets, Annex table Corporation Home b 5 41 Petróleos De Venezuela V 67 42 Petronas - Petroliam Nasional 45 Development Co., Ltd.World New China Kong, Hong 8 4 Neptune Orient Lines Lt 1 12 Hutchison Whampoa Ltd. 2 11 Singtel Ltd. 34 9 22 Cemex S.A. LG Electronics Inc. 9 16 Citic Pacific Ltd. 11 28 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Korea, Republic ofequipmentelectronic & Electrical 3 840 19 26 China National Chemicals, Imp. & Exp. Corp. 20 18African Breweries Plc South Africa South beverages& Food 2 785 32 32 Gerdau S.A. Metalurgica Brazil and metal products Metal 1 488 1214 2 Guangdong Investment Ltd. 10 Sappi Ltd.1718 13 Ltd. City Developments 44 Samsung Corporation 21 34 Hong América Móvil 2425 49 Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Taiwan 27 1 Province of China Taiwan 28 Ltd. First Pacific Company Electrical & electronic equipment 20 Acer Inc. 2 033 47 PoscoAfrica South ChinaKong, Hong 38equipmentelectronic & Electrical 6 Orient Overseas International Ltd. 2 007 Province of China Taiwan equipment electronic & Electrical Korea, Republic of products and metal Metal 589 1 164 18 1 378497 10 1 949 13 5Ltd.Asia Shangri-La Hong Kong, China Hotels and motels 3 606 4 565 458 560 13 033 15 46 Hyundai Motor Company26 Korea, Republic of 50 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobrasvehicles Motor Brazil 3 21039 33 216 15 Gruma S.A. De C.V expl./ref./distr. Petroleum 6 943 33 199 1 715 36 864 0 848 24 549 1 790 16 8 Flextronics International Ltd. 35 19 Barloworld Ltd.Africa South 10 14 Jardine Matheson Holdings Ltd. 3334 39CorporationMicroelectronics United 36 40 Keppel Corporation Ltd. 21 Fraser & Neave Ltd. Province of China Taiwan equipmentelectronic & Electrical 1 462 9 140 966 2 081 1 007 8 543 24. 37 25 Sime Darby Berhad 3031 48Holdings CLP 17 Panamco Hong Kong, China Electricity 29 33 San Miguel Corporation 22 31 Perez Companc 40 27 Naspers Ltd. South 23 3 Ltd. Guangzhou Investment Company Hong Kong, Foreign Ranking by assets TNI 190 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives b TNI 18.4 44.4 46.9 75.9 24.9 tal (Per cent) 15 20071 000 33.8 28.3 26 745 33.3 16 373 30.4 a g g g g 3588 21 448 1096 4 870 15681 26.6 683 5 983 8 085 Total Foreign To e Sales Employment 2 690 306 829 5 611 3 1713 585 1 480 8 084 Total Foreign h c Assets 839 2 606 336 1 687 2 138 9 408 Foreign Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). the partial (total) assets was applied to total assets to calculate the total foreign to calculate the total was applied to total assets assets (total) the partial hree ratios: foreign assets to total assets, foreign sales to total sales and foreign foreign sales to total assets, to total hree ratios: foreign assets

c al and metal productsmetal and al 828 3 041 824 2 233 4 457 Food & beverages 738 2 443 883 Petroleum expl./ref./distr.Petroleum 969 6 432 1 118 3 577 754 8 367 Hotels 740 (Millions of dollars and number employees) Africa Telecommunications economy Industry Mexico Diversified961 585 1 635 Malaysia Malaysia Diversified 959 Mexico Met Chile Chile Cv Mexico Annex table A.I.2. The top 50 non-financial TNCs from developing economies, ranked by foreign assets, 2001 A.I.2. The top 50 non-financial TNCs from developing economies, ranked by foreign assets, Annex table Corporation Home b : University database. UNCTAD/Erasmus assets. In all cases, the resulting figures have been sent for confirmation to companies. All data is based on the companies' annual reports unless otherwise stated. is based on the companies' annual reports All data TNI is the abbreviation for "transnationality index". The transnationlity index calculated as average of following t Industrial Classification as used by the United States Standard Industry classification for companies follows the United States to In these cases the ratio of partial foreign assets In a number of cases companies reported only partial foreign assets. Foreign sales are based on the origin of sales. In a number cases companies reported only by destination. survey. as a response to an UNCTAD was derived from the company Data employment. asets to total calculated by applying the ratio of foreign assets and total Foreign employment data assets. to the balance total and total assets foreign assets Foreign assets are calculated by applying the ratio of partial Asia. East and South for outside Data Rica, Nicaragua and Guatemala. Mexico, Costa for outside Data Asia. for outside Data employment to total employment. employment to total a b c d e f g h i k l Source 4950 36 Grupo Bimbo SA De 37 Advanced Semiconductor Engineering Inc. Province of China Taiwan Electrical & electronic equipment 732 3 038 271 4142 43 Copec - Compania De Petroleos 7 Savia SA De CV 4446 38 Johnnic Holdings Ltd.4748 24Ltd.Holdings Eagle Great 23Inc.Electronics Delta 29 Genting Berhad South ChinaKong, Hong Chinaof Province Taiwan equipmentelectronic & Electrical services Business 774 1 510 487 781 1 273 5 883 3 721 480 11 177 343 1 613 2 656 43 30 Amsteel Corporation Berhad 45 35 Grupo Imsa Ranking by assets TNI Foreign ANNEX A 191 b 182 2 987 19.9 172.9 1 313 1 762 77.7 14 892.0 13 000 140 000 35.0 d e ranked by foreign assets, 2001 ranked by foreign assets, 491.2 .. a Assets Sales Employment TNI e 15.2 9.7 8.8 1.6 - 10.6 - 5.3 - 1.9 373.2 1 350.1 525.2 1 209.4 1 252 13 409 30.3 272.0 2 357.0 8.0 775.0 - 15 071 4.2 reign sales to total sales and foreign employment to total employment. reign sales to total Industry Foreign Total ForeignTotal Foreign Total (Per cent) product and refractoryand product 65.0 120.0 39.0 64.0 1 889 2 921 59.9

ransport 41.4 187.0 299.0 383.4 49 2 952 33.9 Chemicals 16.6 462.5 245.6 489.9 Pharmaceuticals 55.9 496.5 43.5 309.6 884 5 007 14.3 Petroleum and natural gas 95.9pharmaceuticals 3 243.2 819.2 3 850.0 69.3 776 357.2 15 218 134.3 9.8 303.5 790 6 885 25.0 (Millions of dollars and number employees) HungaryRomania T Petroleum and natural gas 28.0 3 151.0 303.0 2 423.0 149 77 630 4.5 Croatia Energy HungaryHungary Clay c Plc. Hungary c Ltd. Hungary Corporation Home country b Annex table A.I.3. The top 25 non-financial TNCs from Central and Eastern Europe, Annex table UNCTAD survey of top TNCs in Central and Eastern Europe. survey of top UNCTAD Based on survey responses. assets, fo to total The transnationality index (TNI) is calculated as the average of following three ratios: foreign assets 2000 data. Including export sales by the parent firm. not revealed by the firm; estimates have been made using secondary sources of information. Data Change from 2000 (in per cent) 1 10 Lukoil Oil Co. Russian Federation Petroleum and natural gas 5 830.0 15 859.0 8 771.0 45 5 25 Pliva Group Elektroprivreda d.d. Hrvatska Croatia Pharmaceuticals 281.1 967.6 477.3 632.2 2 900 7 208 48.3 6789 2 7 6 Primorsk Shipping Co. 15 Gorenje Group Krka d.d. Far Eastern Shipping Co. Russian Federation Russian Federation Transport Slovenia Transport Slovenia 267.3 Domestic appliances 123.0 437.9 Pharmaceuticals 377.0 231.5 114.9 101.0 486.1 145.7 318.0 1 305 475.4 190.8 233 2 629 661.3 476.6 5 608 63.2 670 235.4 22.8 8 186 296.0 42.6 595 3 520 45.5 23 4 1 Novoship Co. Latvian Shipping Co. Latvia Russian Federation Transport Transport 998.9 1 133.6 302.3 .. 392.1 85 6 976 55.5 Ranking by a b c d e Source: 11 20 MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas 2021222324 1325 23Airlines d.d. Croatia 9 Merkur d.d. 8 16 Budimex Capital Group 18ASGrupp BLRT Iskraemeco d.d. Kombinát Vegyi Tiszai Croatia Poland Slovenia Estonia Slovenia Transportation Construction Trade Shipbuildingmachinery Electrical 26.3 23.8 328.4 19.0 372.6 90.4 86.5 22.6 141.8 50.4 26.1 32.8 83.7 610.063 397.9 115.0 1 076 31.5 977 44.8 267 1 189 83.8 436.7 26.1 114 2 35.0 1 521 21.0 89 3 415 2 824 36.4 6.7 171819 17 12 24 d.d. Intereuropa Lek d.d. Petrom SA National Oil Co. Slovenia Slovenia Trade Pharmaceuticals 28.1 34.0 332.4 200.0 219.7 25.0 281.2 163.0 252 662 2 663 2 230 32.0 20.7 1516 19 11 Richter Gedeon Ltd. Airlines Ltd. Malév Hungarian 101213 2114 14 Mercator d.d. 22 Podravka Group 3 Petrol Group Zalakerámia Rt. Slovenia Croatia Slovenia trade Retail Food and beverages/ Petroleum and natural gas 66.9 112.7 478.4 868.5 80.0 53.0 1 122.8 1 171.5 24 1 279 13 692 1 572 8.9 7.5

Foreign TNI assets Averages 192 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives a countries economies Total a lows in 1999-2000 and 2001, respectively. In the absence of actual data, lows in 1999-2000 and 2001, respectively. countries economies Total a 12.5 36.1 48.8 0.8 11.4 2.5 2.3 21.3 6.7 countries economies Total 2001 1999-2000 (annual average) 2001 a Value in billion dollarsValue Percentage distribution (Billions of dollars and percentage distribution) (Billions of dollars and percentage 0.4 - 0.4 0.5 - 0.5 - - - 0.1 - 0.1 Annex table A.I.4. Inward FDI flows, by industry, 1999-2001 A.I.4. Inward FDI flows, by industry, Annex table 22.2 17.8 40.9 55.9 13.0 69.4 2.1 8.9 3.3 10.2 7.6 9.6 60.1 8.1 68.3 45.3 1.7 47.2 5.8 4.0 5.5 8.2 1.0 6.5 217.2 61.8 280.5 91.4 56.0 148.8 734.2 21.0 113.2 30.8 849.7 22.6 357.4 16.6 99.1 459.4 33.0 20.5 71.0 56.3 68.5 64.9 58.4 63.3 1 034.2 200.9 1 239.9 550.5 169.8 725.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 countries economies Total Developed Developing Developed Developing Developed Developing Developed Developing UNCTAD, FDI database. UNCTAD, Data cover 50 countries for which data are available for 1999, 2000 and 2001. They account for 94 % and 89 of world inward f are available for 1999, 2000 and 2001. cover 50 countries for which data Data were used in some countries. For other notes, please see figure I.4. approval data Includes countries in Central and Eastern Europe. a Source: Notes: Agriculture, hunting, forestry and fishingand forestry hunting, Agriculture, Mining, quarrying and petroleumprimaryUnspecified Food, beverages and tobacco clothing and leatherTextiles, and wood productsWood Publishing, printing and reproduction 0.3 of recorded mediaCoke, petroleum products and nuclear fuelChemicals and chemical productsRubber and plastic products 21.2productsmineral Non-metallic 1.1Metal and metal products 1.4Machinery and equipmentElectrical and electronic equipment 16.2instrumentsPrecision 36.1 38.3 7.5Motor vehicles and other transport equipment 0.7 5.4manufacturingOther 0.4secondaryUnspecified 5.9 55.5 32.6 0.3 3.9waterand gas 0.5 Electricity, 36.4 1.6 12.4Construction 17.0 1.3 1.2Trade 2.3 7.0 4.8 5.1 0.4 11.7restaurantsand Hotels 39.2 7.1 1.7 storage and communicationsTransport, - 1.8 67.6 39.7 6.4 13.4 4.8Finance 2.8 32.9Business activities - 0.2 0.2 19.9Health and social services 0.5 9.5 - 0.0 social and personal service activitiesCommunity, 13.3 - 2.5 0.2 2.0 5.4 48.7servicesOther 6.3 1.5 2.6 1.3tertiaryUnspecified 8.6 5.1 15.0 - 1.5 0.2 7.6 41.6 126.2 8.0 0.5 5.5 8.1 - 0.4 12.6 3.7 8.1 2.5 2.0 - 0.3 16.8 0.1 - 15.9 3.7 7.0 3.5 3.1 10.7 - 15.8 1.9 6.7 22.9 0.7 143.0 2.4 2.4 - 0.2 1.3 4.7 31.2 0.5 9.5 9.7 2.7 7.9 0.1 0.5 6.1 3.1 17.3 - 0.2 0.1 0.2 26.5 10.1 1.3 3.6 2.5 2.5 2.0 0.6 52.9 0.2 2.9 - 0.4 3.9 0.1 14.6 213.2 8.5 13.7 1.0 1.6 2.4 0.8 54.4 3.6 4.2 3.8 0.2 0.8 5.4 6.9 0.2 5.1 0.5 1.9 20.1 284.8 0.1 0.6 3.2 0.2 33.8 0.3 0.5 - 0.3 3.2 9.3 0.1 74.2 1.3 3.6 4.4 0.5 1.4 247.1 26.3 1.5 0.3 16.3 0.9 4.7 0.1 0.1 - 0.2 2.7 71.5 0.3 6.8 15.2 1.6 24.4 2.2 309.3 3.9 0.2 113.8 12.2 4.3 12.4 7.0 2.4 0.8 0.1 1.5 0.4 2.0 4.9 0.4 1.1 - - 1.5 - 0.2 3.4 0.1 27.1 31.2 1.2 5.2 0.5 111.0 2.7 0.4 1.4 1.1 16.9 7.9 - - 0.1 1.6 0.4 2.3 1.5 2.3 130.7 4.9 0.4 11.50.1 0.2 0.1 33.6 12.9 2.2 4.8 1.2 28.9 2.0 1.3 4.4 - 0.9 0.5 1.1 40.9 140.3 0.7 4.8 1.2 0.1 0.6 20.6 2.8 - 0.3 0.1 1.3 0.3 - 9.6 2.1 0.5 3.7 2.4 2.0 0.2 2.1 0.8 0.3 27.5 - 5.3 37.3 16.8 0.1 - 6.8 2.0 - 1.2 1.2 2.5 19.9 - 0.1 11.8 0.5 1.0 0.8 12.1 0.9 0.4 10.2 8.1 2.5 24.9 0.1 0.4 0.4 0.9 5.8 20.7 0.1 4.0 1.6 2.1 0.4 2.4 - 20.2 0.8 1.7 1.0 - 0.4 2.5 9.9 4.9 0.4 18.0 1.6 17.0 0.1 0.7 19.3 1.3 6.1 7.6 0.9 0.6 5.6 0.1 2.2 0.1 1.2 5.1 0.9 1999-2000 (annual average) Primary Secondary Private buying and selling of property Tertiary Unspecified Total Sector/industry ANNEX A 193 /... a 75 89 869086 93 83 60 80 66 44 74 69 5492 30 6438 45 52 2723 50 37 48 56 25 24 38 43 29 14 30 51 26 16 22 50 20 18 35 21 131 130 131127 125 124 121 125 125 119 124 122 2 115 116 116 101 47 39 27 20 10 740 7 58 13 14 55 59 34 32 31 Annex table A.I.5. Inward FDI Performance Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table EconomyAlbaniaAlgeriaAngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustria 1988-1990 1989-1991 1990-1992 1991-1993 1992-1994 .. 101 1993-1995 106 36 1994-1996 1995-1997 .. 15 99 .. 1996-1998 32 77 42 1997-1999 1998-2000 24 1999-2001 .. 113 77 80 30 44 116 37 27 27 82 49 7 129 45 74 22 82 56 12 130 114 51 29 79 55 7 124 102 48 35 87 55 119 18 99 56 49 114 50 18 79 59 69 112 61 9 22 90 109 99 40 19 2 104 101 88 40 19 95 3 67 42 38 91 2 AzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgium and LuxembourgBeninBoliviaBotswanaBrazilBrunei Darussalam 8Bulgaria ..Burkina Faso 66 104CameroonCanada 23Chile 6China .. 101 .. 107Colombia 103Congo 16 4Congo, Dem. Rep. 24 46Costa Rica 132 9Côte d’Ivoire 106 125 .. .. 78 93CroatiaCyprus .. 114 47 5 41Czech Republic 3 98 125Denmark 115 9 124Dominican Republic 35 .. 89 98 111Ecuador 117Egypt 10 .. 70 40 39 44 7 4El Salvador 127 107 122 94Estonia 14 110 55 116 84 118 18 93Ethiopia 80 135Finland 136 103 16 45 37 126 France 51 26 17 .. 115 10 112 62Gabon 126 114 24 .. 28 65Gambia 65 21 93 27 120 86Georgia 139 53 89Germany 28 50 34 30 119 18 42 43Ghana 46 .. 117 54 102 30Greece 25 72 103 .. 89 72 124 31 21 4 84 138 14 52 89 31 51 105 113 18 36 130 .. 99 7 40 33 99 39 1 101 127 26 12 84 69 65 26 41 69 .. 1 88 28 43 63 95 92 23 133 33 48 95 38 100 97 30 9 .. 9 39 4 48 2 20 .. 87 71 87 13 99 54 31 94 66 77 49 56 64 1 102 114 90 21 134 65 94 112 34 39 111 11 32 59 36 47 7 100 83 3 97 66 2 .. 38 63 3 6 50 84 87 47 51 136 100 44 85 67 1 14 120 119 57 77 48 30 16 29 52 29 14 95 112 117 75 79 36 33 89 4 37 1 44 .. 95 132 56 133 40 43 89 96 120 10 119 14 39 92 54 66 20 121 30 19 115 34 22 72 67 43 43 31 104 42 1 133 8 137 .. 52 116 64 117 33 84 59 66 87 15 38 61 121 128 40 30 15 27 77 115 56 63 118 139 119 10 40 62 122 45 119 82 67 72 84 36 15 11 126 61 68 37 43 127 32 82 140 121 31 50 14 71 53 99 70 72 39 20 82 82 47 51 22 140 28 95 30 89 65 14 71 105 57 80 19 31 43 80 87 59 49 140 15 22 98 73 35 16 86 106 62 88 12 81 103 54 11 140 26 80 102 25 83 104 79 9 117 95 140 110 18 55 106 26 76 121 139 90 49 16 38 120 62 89 12 63 113 77 194 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives /... (continued) a 120 121 111 111 114 62 57 7021 6824 17 61 23 23 55 33 24 33 23 67 15 26 107 1679 10 91 106 12 109 11 114 13 116 122 125 128 114 101 89 41 34 37 24 17 9 8 106 129 130 135 135 115 129 133 Annex table A.I.5. Inward FDI Performance Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table EconomyGuatemalaGuinea 1988-1990 1989-1991 1990-1992 22 1991-1993 1992-1994 60 1993-1995 1994-1996 57 1995-1997 1996-1998 60 1997-1999 64 1998-2000 1999-2001 69 63 76 75 108 93 124 106 123 113 93 92 96 99 GuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIcelandIndiaIndonesiaIran, Islamic Rep.IrelandIsraelItaly 3Jamaica 58Japan 31Jordan 81Kazakhstan 112 63 14Kenya 33Korea, Republic of 85 36Kuwait 54 82Kyrgyzstan 98 116Latvia 25 17Lebanon 59 1 81Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 46 56 104 82Lithuania 103 129 25Madagascar 64 75 16 15Malawi 105 35 108 ..Malaysia 76 1 46 110Mali 88 116 57 126 69Malta 12 74 79Mexico 105 77 8 124 102Moldova, Republic of 8 .. 25 91 .. 136Mongolia 113 60 1 59 131 97Morocco 74 94 68Mozambique .. 117 8 91 108 94 134Myanmar 73 15 14 25 135 ..Namibia .. 111 80 89 60 123Nepal 88 65 1Netherlands 88 95 123 .. 41 92 13 104 132 99New Zealand .. 130 4 66Nicaragua 135 12 107 8 129 35 .. 24Niger 132 .. 86 57 102 21Nigeria 92 102 106 38 128 111 2 130Norway 117 113 105 .. 20 62 .. 131 3Oman 88 73 104 15 126 62 51 10 132 107Pakistan 96 30 92 108 123 128 17 81 52 134 57 44 125 100 109 113 133 5 13 36 79 42 134 105 13 94 134 72 80 59 4 137 12 13 77 6 41 97 17 136 133 47 135 110 133 120 53 34 32 125 96 71 120 118 52 89 21 27 124 113 31 102 126 13 8 17 68 136 99 100 60 10 13 131 46 56 32 3 80 136 114 133 23 7 125 123 114 49 32 111 43 73 80 29 58 98 122 72 32 116 44 79 38 15 66 20 134 110 23 21 57 110 132 137 48 63 80 114 10 136 21 44 127 2 5 117 130 111 64 8 128 123 39 26 34 85 100 49 119 131 69 40 35 19 35 82 55 40 21 112 13 54 107 138 47 135 45 129 11 45 53 68 3 124 127 100 137 127 9 5 120 97 22 22 28 58 45 81 74 55 17 76 28 45 118 11 35 56 108 42 138 54 130 126 53 138 39 64 68 115 51 132 128 11 91 4 16 53 11 33 72 9 36 122 75 128 60 31 36 135 105 73 28 37 13 109 116 53 131 41 77 92 12 78 27 77 4 65 21 37 12 32 38 7 121 134 118 23 54 83 73 99 67 132 27 49 23 61 118 77 70 19 63 27 121 19 16 10 18 51 96 85 94 34 76 48 33 41 96 83 84 25 34 61 127 19 10 17 32 67 112 51 60 29 73 97 25 60 86 70 58 53 130 122 27 37 49 79 5 18 62 76 109 68 25 90 132 65 69 70 123 72 70 34 5 48 68 24 118 130 46 59 55 123 85 58 34 127 44 57 126 121 81 129 69 83 ANNEX A 195 (concluded) a 4780 65 85 78 73 85 86 87 69 90 52 59 6333 68 50 82 74 88 71 93 78 93 74 76 140 138 138 81 134 139 140 95 96 84 87 68 57 35 36 Annex table A.I.5. Inward FDI Performance Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table UNCTAD. Covering 140 economies. Three-year moving average. a Source: Note: EconomyPanamaPapua New GuineaParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatar 1988-1990Romania 1989-1991Russian Federation 2Rwanda 1990-1992Saudi Arabia 1991-1993 116Senegal 1992-1994Sierra Leone 55Singapore 1993-1995 2Slovakia 28 1994-1996Slovenia 29 91 1995-1997South Africa .. 100Spain 12 50 1996-1998Sri Lanka 6 46 1997-1999 110Sudan .. 1998-2000 31Suriname 96 83 93Sweden 1999-2001 .. 61 11 43Switzerland 47 23Syrian Arab Republic 67 90 49 Province of ChinaTaiwan .. 105 35 73 1Tajikistan 120 81 76TFYR Macedonia 108 19 53 .. 23Thailand .. 75 25 43 86Togo 109 67 and TobagoTrinidad 48 24 109 76 68 1 62Tunisia 51 109 19 98 33Turkey 52 117 109 .. 47Uganda .. 85 73 103 37 9 29Ukraine 50 21 58 109 26United Arab Emirates 91 70 101 119 67 22 50 ..United Kingdom 2 118 113 132 68 46TanzaniaUnited Republic of 20 71 115United States 44 .. 83 37 67 85 108 38Uruguay 5 19 75 118 22 107 98 66 17Uzbekistan 42 87 24 131 138 .. 11Venezuela 95 5 73 67 15 65 92 NamViet 90 42 70 69 84 107Yemen .. 53 58 52 120 117 15 131 84 7Zambia 9 55 19 127 70 86 107 137 137 34 40Zimbabwe 104 11 72 112 .. 20 4 61 90 .. 61 104 76 90 46 83 106 90 129 52 53 39 137 29 97 17 101 111 140 105 71 55 26 45 114 18 70 41 5 122 64 10 56 71 .. 110 2 .. 91 95 .. 129 88 103 47 69 134 37 81 62 53 33 100 128 36 101 98 105 46 41 74 45 78 72 61 46 35 83 8 115 104 75 107 78 134 64 113 78 6 133 .. 90 61 3 26 94 42 52 5 95 81 108 25 20 79 112 101 78 59 46 88 20 87 59 85 50 76 74 45 17 111 105 93 54 101 115 135 85 86 131 123 83 103 71 4 118 93 38 108 3 74 52 129 94 85 9 29 18 43 57 75 58 100 109 75 82 12 108 94 42 62 104 32 116 92 121 92 70 128 106 5 79 102 101 71 133 125 86 122 91 44 97 64 8 28 78 91 103 18 49 6 118 49 47 128 78 92 6 100 66 126 96 102 87 113 48 135 117 74 108 84 2 94 117 75 98 97 72 71 109 91 14 29 6 110 51 54 102 5 76 111 91 96 65 87 81 3 104 86 63 112 94 110 41 115 98 2 66 78 103 93 16 56 6 106 4 119 75 97 54 7 83 62 105 60 102 110 3 97 74 26 103 126 57 96 13 60 98 111 16 63 137 73 6 11 60 41 110 42 6 81 48 106 66 122 6 139 99 32 136 97 42 29 65 22 107 48 7 44 88 115 41 123 58 139 136 8 96 31 30 82 63 27 40 103 61 113 112 58 24 45 139 11 98 39 58 108 78 28 107 28 64 139 88 20 84 56 100 79 28 138 77 71 36 39 137 124 50 64 196 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.6. Inward FDI Performance Index, by region, 1988-1990, 1993-1995, 1998-2000 and 1999-2001a

Region 1988-1990 1993-1995 1998-2000 1999-2001

World 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Developed countries 1.03 0.76 0.99 1.00 Western Europe 1.33 1.11 1.62 1.77 European Union 1.33 1.12 1.63 1.80 Other Western Europe 1.33 0.95 1.37 1.29 North America 1.13 0.77 0.86 0.78 Other developed countries 0.29 0.20 0.12 0.12 Developing countries 0.99 1.98 1.04 1.01 Africa 0.80 1.11 0.52 0.67 North Africa 0.85 1.05 0.39 0.47 Other Africa 0.76 1.15 0.62 0.82 Latin America and the Caribbean 0.90 1.62 1.42 1.41 South America 0.74 1.21 1.33 1.31 Other Latin America and the Caribbean 1.26 2.57 1.60 1.59 Asia 1.06 2.30 0.92 0.87 West Asia 0.27 0.36 0.14 0.11 Central Asia .. 2.93 1.53 1.63 South, East and South-East Asia 1.31 2.70 1.08 1.02 East and South-East Asia 1.74 3.22 1.30 1.22 South Asia 0.11 0.41 0.16 0.16 The Pacific 4.49 4.22 0.75 0.58 Central and Eastern Europe 1.02b 1.31 1.01 0.99

Source: UNCTAD. a Three-year average. b 1992-1994. As most of the countries in this region did not exist in their present form before 1992, the period for the index is adjusted. ANNEX A 197 3 4 /... 021 304 008 .009 .008 0.007 0.010 6 0.043 2 0.005 23 0.016 24 0.170 Inward .05 0.006 .43 0.230 .23 0.015 .06 0.007 .29 0.172 .06 0.007 6.61 0.342 0.09 0.008 0.38 0.024 0.97 0.053 0.50 0.029 FDI stock 8 0.05 0.006 2 0.03 0.006 6 1.18 0.064 1 0.06 0.007

65 1.87 0.100 0.001 -0.03 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.004 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.001 0.01 0.004 0.000 0.00 0.004 0.004 0.06 0.007 0.112 5.87 0. 0.001 0.02 0.005 0.0070.003 0.03 0.005 0.10 0 0.000 0.01 0.004 0.001 0.010.001 0.004 0.03 0.005 8 0.026 0.37 0.023 0.11 0.006 0.03 0.002 0.06 0.11 0.006 0 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.00 0.21 0.011 0 0.06 0.0030.65 0.036 0.12 0.32 0. 0.03 0.001 0.02 0.005 0.30 0.01 0.02 0.001 0.09 0 0.340 5.80 0.319 0.0280.217 0.43 0.023 5.67 0.311 4 0.017 1.28 0.070 0 0.001 0.15 0.00 0.004 0.14 0.007 0. 0.027 1.66 0.091 0.001 0.04 0.00 0.057 2.20 0.121 0.3410.007 2.52 0.138 0.27 0.015 3 0.7 0.002 0.29 0.016 0 0.049 1.18 0.0 0.000 0.02 0.00 0.002 0.06 0.003 0.0 0.057 0.57 0.031 3. 1 0.126 2.94 0.161 3.23 0.169 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.50 0.027 0.4 0.43 0.023 0.01 0.000 0.13 0.01 0.001 0.03 electronics and Exports in 0.00 0.000 0.02 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.01 0.000 0.03 0.01 0.000 0.03 0.01 0.000 0.03 0.002 0.08 0.01 0.000 0.03 0.02 0.001 0.06 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.05 0.003 0.09 0.005 0.00 0.000 0.03 0.001 0.02 0.09 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.000 4.26 0.233 2.03 0.01 0.001 Imports of parts/

0.353 6.22 0.045 0.51 0.222 3.97 0.035 0.30 0.014 0.02 0.085 0.08 0.024 0.054 0.49 0.002 0.02 0.041 1.04 0.130 0.12 0.713 6.22 0.009 0.04 0.401 0.90 0.025 0.01 0.019 0.03 0.107 1.05 urces automobiles services 0.73 0.082 68.8 0.557 0.00 - 60.5 0.402 0.00 0.000 As of 0.358 76.0 0.692 0.01 0.001 0.060 78.5 0.738 0.05 0.005 total Compo-of % % of % of % of 0.68 0.106 57.5 0.346 0.09 0.010 0.45 0.069 64.0 0.467 0.14 0.015 in the natural 1999 December 20011999-2001 Average Students Exports of accessories of

.. 0.64 0.100 69.3 0.566 0.28 0.031 .. 0.23 0.032 59.5 0.383 0.03 0.003 .. 1.29 0.207 62.5 0.439 0.00 0.000 .. 0.11 0.013 60.5 0.402 0.00 0.000 .. 1.52 0.245 62.3 0.436 2.40 0.267 .. 0.55 0.085 57.5 0.346 0.26 0.029 - - 0.01 0.000 0.03 0.006 .. 2.22 0.361 70.3 0.585 0.00 0.000 - - 0.19 0.011 0.09 0. .. 0.06 0.005 50.5 0.215 0.82 0.091 - - 0.01 0.001 0.14 0.011 .. 1.86 0.301 78.5 0.738 0.70 0.077 .. 1.15 0.185 88.3 0.921 0.24 0.027 - - .. .. 0.06 0.007 .. 1.00 0.159 59.8 0.389 0.01 0.001 .. 0.57.. 0.089 60.5 0.32 0.402 0.047 0.00 .. 0.000 - .. - 0.00 0.000 0.02 0.001 0.02 0.005 0.065 1.34 0.215 80.0 0.766 0.01 0.001 penditures tertiary level Country risk reso penditures tertiary level R&D 2.46 0.647 2.54 0.413 83.8 0.837 3.18 0.20 0.052 2.72 0.443 74.0 0.654 0.01 0.001 0.76 0.200 3.80 0.620 75.0 0.673 0.05 0.005 3.29 0.867 5.23 0.856 88.3 0.921 0.40 0.33 0.086 2.74 0.446 .. .. 0.01 0.002 0.24 0.063 2.11 0.343 58.8 0.370 0.77 0.57 0.150 3.16 0.515 72.3 0.622 0.13 1.30 0.342 2.47 0.402 75.8 0.688 0.22 2.09 0.550 3.58 0.584 87.3 0.903 0.49 0.090.19 0.024 0.050 2.01 3.71 0.326 0.605 60.8 68.8 0.407 0.557 0.29 0.32 0.032 0.035 2.20 0.577 1.96 0.318 73.5 0.645 0.01 1.81 0.477 3.19 0.521 86.5 0.888 0.37 1.51 0.397 4.52 0.739 81.5 0.794 3.61 0.29 0.077 3.10 0.506 66.3 0.510 0.07 0.008 of GDP 0-1 lation 0-1 rating 0-1 total 0-1Total 0-1 total 0-1 total 0-1

0.006 .. .. 0.12 0.015 50.3 0.211 0.02 0.003 - - .. .. 0.01 0.004 0.162 2.17 0.571 3.42 0.558 81.0 0.785 2.00 0.094 0.67 0.176 3.97 0.649 74.0 0.654 0.32 0.059 0.45 0.118 4.38 0.715 64.8 0.482 0.058 0.54 0.143 3.00 0.489 76.3 0.697 1.17 0.305 1.820.029 0.479 0.92 3.96 0.240 0.646 0.58 84.8 0.091 0.856 74.3 6.43 0.660 1.73 0.192 0.064 0.98 0.257 3.55 0.579 75.0 0.673 0.08 0.053 0.24 0.062 1.91 0.309 68.5 0.551 0.23 0.036 0.77 0.202 1.46 0.236 62.5 0.439 0.97 0.087 1.09 0.287 3.67 0.599 61.3 0.417 0.17 0.264 1.96 0.516 3.39 0.552 87.9 0.914 1.88 0.209 2.3 396.1 0.010 .. 514.1 0.014 .. 839.7 0.027 430.1 0.011 .. .. 290.8 0.006 .. 423.2 0.011 ..678.3 0.021 .. 918.2 0.030714.9 .. 0.022 513.7 0.014 .. 587.0 0.017 305.1 0.045 .. 143.0 0.154 332.5 0.123 432.9 0.242 258.4 0.082 825.0 0.142 698.7 0.137 527.3 0.130 574.2 0.363 .. 235.0 0.196 .. 710.8 0.214 502.5 0.014 956.8 0.031 .. 270.8 0.005 .. 672.8 0.020 643.8 0.019 588.4 0.017 .. 140.4 0.000 373.1 .. 0.009 .. 4 359.5 2 580.5 1 674.4 1 644.3 8 062.4 1 805.4 3 129.1 0.115 0.25 1 526.0 1 073.8 2 406.4 6 998.3 Commercial 0.001 292.6 0.091 898.5 Mobile phones energy use ex Per Per As a % As a a As a As a As 1000 1000 of 0.244 219.05 0.301 54.00 0.070 0.219 104.53 0.143 93.26 0.121 1.2 0.025 4.54 0.006 3.03 0.004 .. .. 0.19 0.051 0.08 0.009 1.5 0.028 182.89 0.251 131.11 0.170 65.6 0.354 31.00 0.042 103.27 0.133 1 63.9 0.344 24.92 0.034 16.56 0.021 ...... 0.09 0.010 44.1 0.224 10.43 0.014 6.42 0.008 22.8 0.096 530.96 0.731 560.10 0.725 18.0 0.067 41.73 0.057 32.88 0.042 45.3 0.231 16.93 0.023 31.42 0.040 87.6 0.486 357.57 0.492 370.24 0.479 3 14.7 0.047 3.70 0.005 0.27 0.000 28.5 0.130 6.46 0.008 10.20 0.013 32.7 0.15519.2 220.26 0.074 0.303 166.90 238.49 0.229 0.309 58.97 0.076 83.9 0.464 7.38 0.010 24.58 0.032 44.1 0.224 371.59 0.511 224.62 0.291 33.816.3 0.162 0.056 98.25 88.34 0.135 0.121 45.24 24.14 0.058 0.031 27.1 0.121 88.12 0.121 106.94 0.138 85.4 0.473 5.51 0.007 3.43 0.004 36.6 0.179 103.21 0.142 61.16 0.079 82.0 0.45364.7 248.30 0.348 0.341 268.12 308.70 0.369 0.399 9 6.86 0.009 24.4 0.105 111.67 0.153 70.11 23.3 0.098 149.01 0.205 4.56 0.006 14.1 0.04327.5 3.78 0.124 0.005 8.32 2.43 0.011 0.003 9.91 0.013 17.7 0.065 61.78 0.085 71.82 0.093 0.626 27.6 0.124 577.43 0.795 488.09 0.632 0.013 22.4 0.093 140.07 0.192 35.55 0.046 0.650 32.8 0.156 610.50 0.840 517.91 0.670 4 0.044 37.6 0.185 57.28 0.078 2.82 0.003 0.656 40.3 0.201 549.89 0.757 710.86 0.920 6 0.205 10.7 0.023 215.04 0.296 160.84 0.208 0.042 52.60.615 0.276 44.1 351.76 0.224 0.484 108.01 677.35 0.140 0.932 2 294.15 0.381 0.314 46.2 0.237 635.74 0.875 333.95 0.432 0.143 67.4 0.365 374.01 0.515 428.89 0.555 3 0.857 42.1 0.212 707.21 0.974 621.21 0.804 3 0.668 49.4 0.256 470.78 0.648 698.79 0.904 3 0.416 54.3 0.2850.654 381.42 87.2 0.525 0.484 117.60 628.20 0.1520.415 0.865 .. 612.01 .. 0.792 .. .. 251.67 .. 0.346 301.17 .. 0.390 5 2.20 0.546 20.7 0.083 519.61 0.715 452.17 0.585 5 0.087 53.2 0.279 84.14 0.115 120.54 0.156 ...... 0.40 688.9 907.4 416.5 209.5 332.8 184.7 852.2 177.7 322.5 0.006 312.6 0.006 618.7 0.014 102.0 0.000 606.6 0.014 202.7 0.003 1 894.5 0.022 608.1 0.014 643.1 0.015 852.5 0.021 517.3 0.011 332.0 0.006 364.3 0.007 984.7 0.024 729.2 0.100 164.4 0.305 226.4 0.031 771.9 0.101 595.9 0.124 983.7 0.052 320.2 0.034 364.3 0.035 087.9 0.055 728.5 0.320 137.1 0.029 181.1 0.085 1 GDP per capita Total exports Telephone mainlines mainlines Telephone exports Total capita per GDP 5 281.2 22 824.6 19 915.1 0.174 113.3 0.000 16.4 0.057 0.36 0.000 1.13 0.573 23 0.555 15 Score Score As % Score inhabi- Score inhabi- Score Per Score As % Score popu- Score site risk Score world Score world Score world Score world Score 3.4 0.628 4.3 0.683 4.3 0.682 2 Real GDP growthGDP Real Average 1991-20011999-2001 Average

Annex table A.I.7. Raw data and scores for the variables included in the UNCTAD Inward FDI Potential Index, 1999-2001 and scores for the variables included in UNCTAD A.I.7. Raw data Annex table Gambia 3.5 0.635 Ghana 4.2 0.676 Costa Rica 5.1 0.726978.0 3 0.107 47.4 Côte d’Ivoire EthiopiaFranceGabon 5.3 0.739 2.0 2.6 0.545 0.579 3 Georgia -2.5 0.277 568.0 Germany 1.5 0.515 23 Greece 2.5 0.576 11 Algeria 2.3 0.561 1 702.4 Albania 5.4 0.748 1 Economy % 0-1 Dollars 0-1 ofGDP 0-1 tants 0-1 tants 0-1 capita 0-1 Cameroon 2.8 0.590 Burkina Faso CongoCongo, Dem. Rep. -4.3 1.4 0.512 Croatia 2.7 0.585 4 251.1 0.114 Czech Republic 1.9 0.536 Dominican Republic 6.3 0.798 2 388.6 0.063 43.3 El Salvador EstoniaFinland 1.6 0.522 3.7 3 0.643 23 AngolaArgentina 3.1 2.9 0.610 0.598 7 531.3 Azerbaijan -3.0 0.247 BulgariaCanadaChileChinaColombia -0.7 0.386 1 617.1 3.5 0.631 5.9 2.5 9.7 22 0.777 0.576 1.000 4 1 Cyprus 4.2 0.675 498.6 11 Denmark 2.6 0.578 31 EcuadorEgypt 1.5 0.514 4.7 1 0.704 1 ArmeniaAustria 1.6 0.520 2.2 0.554 24 BahamasBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgium and LuxembourgBenin 2.5 2.4 5.0Brunei Darussalam 4.2 0.568 15 0.720 0.677 0.0 11 0.428 2.2 4.9 1 0.714 Australia 4.1 0.666 BoliviaBotswanaBrazil 5.4 3.7 0.743 0.646 2.9 3 257.7 0.597 3 198 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives 6 0 04 /... 007 d) 5 0.006 2 0.005 4 0.006 2 0.056 2 0.010 Inward 76 0.094 84 0.098 76 0.043 06 0.007 .01 0.004 .03 0.006 .51 0.030 .39 0.024 .35 0.022 .08 - 1.84 0.098

0 0.87 0.048 3 0.01 0.004 04 0.17 0.013 .200 4.04 0.211 .016 0.44 0.026 .. 0.02 0.005 - 0.01 0.004 0.003 0.02 0.005 0.000 0.01 0.0 0.006 0.03 0.00 0.004 0.0 0.0010.000 0.01 0.004 0.00 0.004 0.000 0.00 0.004 0.004 0.340.001 0.021 0.04 0.006 0.008 0.06 0. 0.0110.001 0.13 0.010 0.020.001 0.005 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.00 0.004 0.005 0.11 0.010 0.066 0.32 0.02 0.002 0.02 0.005 0.000 0.00 0.004 0.08 0.004 0.0 0.02 0.001 0.0 0.33 0.018 1.0 0.08 0.004 0.04 0.006 0.12 0.007 0.1 0.05 0.003 0. services FDI stock 9 1.96 0.107 0.59 0.034 0 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.004 2 2.81 0.154 7.14 0.369 1 0.89 0.049 0 1 4.48 0.246 0. 211 0.91 0.05 0.001 0.07 0.0 0.235 0.88 0.048 1. 0.002 0.100.001 0.006 0.08 0 0.004 0 0.094 1.21 0.067 0.181 3.65 0 0.019 1.18 0.065 0 0.001 0.06 0.00 0.051 0.45 0.025 0 electronics and Exports in 0.01 0.000 0.05 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.05 0.003 0.11 0.14 0.008 0.30 0 0.20 0.011 1.20 1.81 0.09 0.00 0.000 0.04 0.00 0.002 .. 0.03 0.002 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.09 0.07 0.005 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.01 0.001 0.14 0.04 0.00 0.002 0.000 0.20 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.000 0.000 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.003 0.09 0.24 0.013 0.01 0.001 0.03 0.00 0.000 0.00 4.79 0.26 0.02 0.001 3.86 0. 0.01 0.000 2.07 0.113 3.99 0.219 1. 0.24 0.013 3.85 0.21 0.02 0.001 0.04 0.002 Imports of parts/

0.079 0.02 0.249 4.30 0.220 0.03 0.002 0.02 0.014 1.72 0.603 0.34 0.304 3.31 0.006 0.01 0.018 0.94 natural 0.00 0.000 0.14 0.015 3.12 0.346 0.08 0.008

0.753 1.48 0.164 0.523 0.00 0.000 0.473 0.03 0.003 Country risk resources automobiles 61.0 0.411 0.03 0.003 59.5 0.383 0.01 0.001 60.0 0.393 0.00 0.000 61.8 0.426 0.05 0.005 As of total Compo-of % % of % of % of 3.31 0.540 74.0 0.654 0.13 0.014 in the Students Exports of accessories of

.... 3.59 5.30 0.585 0.868 56.8 73.8 0.333 0.650 0.01 1.44 0.001 0.160 - - 0.00 0.000 -0 .... 0.40 0.060 0.70 57.3 0.109 0.342 81.8 3.07 0.800 0.341 1.19 0.133 .. 1.41 0.226 70.3 0.585 0.11 0.012 .. 2.19 0.356 71.0 0.598 0.05 0.005 ...... 0.99.. 0.04 0.158.. 0.85 0.001 71.8 0.56 0.135 59.0 0.613 0.30 0.088 62.0 0.374 0.14 0.044 76.3 0.430 0.03 0.015 0.697 .. 0.02 0.004 0.02 0.002 .... 0.002 - 0.00 0.18 - 0.000 0.025 56.0 0.04 0.318 0.002 0.02 0.05 0.003 0.007 .. 1.27 0.203 64.8 0.482 0.01 0.001 .. 0.10 0.012 57.3 0.342 0.00 0.000 - - 0.01 0.001 0.00 0.004 0.952 4.19 0.685 67.8 0.538 0.08 0.009 R&D 0.19 0.051 2.83 0.460 .. .. 0.01 0.001 0.00 0.000 1.50 0.242 77.8 0.725 0.00 0.000 0.29 0.077 2.28 0.370 72.0 0.617 0.71 0.43 0.113 2.02 0.327 70.8 0.594 2.24 0.40 0.104 2.17 0.352 76.0 0.692 1.34 0.149 0.15 0.038 1.21 0.194 57.8 0.351 0.00 0.000 1.13 0.296 2.14 0.348 63.8 0.464 1.21 0.318 4.33 0.709 88.8 0.931 0.12 2.02 0.531 3.10 0.505 87.0 0.897 2.74 0.07 0.017 1.17 0.187 56.3 0.323 2.51 0.279 0.49 0.127 1.02 0.162 69.3 0.566 0.35 0.090 3.03 0.493 71.5 0.607 0.01 0.001 1.23 0.323 0.64 0.100 65.3 0.492 0.29 0.032 2.33 0.613 3.47 0.566 77.3 0.716 0.06 0.44 0.117 1.63 0.263 83.3 0.828 0.16 0.041 0.80 0.127 70.3 0.585 0.02 0.003 of GDP 0-1 lation 0-1 rating 0-1 total 0-1Total 0-1 total 0-1 total 0-1

0.1490.370 2.57 0.20 0.677 0.051 6.11 1.78 1.000 0.289 79.3 84.0 0.841 1.98 0.055 0.40 0.104 3.82 0.624 76.0 0.692 0.02 0.108 1.04 0.273 3.09 0.503 81.8 0.800 1.12 0.125 0.180 1.11 0.2920.219 4.37 1.70 0.714 80.3 0.446 0.772 4.30 0.703 92.3 0.996 5.43 0.153 2.96 0.779 3.15 0.513 84.3 0.847 1.10 0.123 0.090 0.75 0.198 3.05 0.497 76.0 0.692 0.16 use expenditures tertiary level use expenditures tertiary level 511.6 0.014 .. .. 0.15 0.020 540.2 0.015 713.0 0.022 363.2403.3 0.009 0.010583.3 .. 343.3 .. 0.017 0.008 .. .. 463.9 0.012 .. 688.6 0.021 895.1 0.029 490.1 0.013 468.9 0.013 .. 263.0 0.005 .. 224.6818.1 0.042 0.103 .. .. 172.0 0.078 465.6 0.090 559.8 0.055 002.0 0.072 786.3 0.140 .. 784.2123.8 0.140 0.115 3.62 488.2 0.052 .. 044.4 0.035 .. 739.3 0.177 710.9 0.060 839.7 0.450 500.0 0.091 501.0 0.014 708.7 0.022 .. 264.1 0.005 .. 626.8 0.019 4 003.3 9 755.2 2 131.0 0.077 .. .. 1 573.7 2 953.0 4 808.1 5 836.5 4 103.3 2 475.6 Commercial 3.38 0.004 Average 1999-2001 Average 1999 December 20011999-2001 Average Per Per As a % As a a As a As As a 1000 1000 of Telephone mainlines Mobile phones energy mainlines Telephone 26.8 0.120 10.40 0.014 8.04 0.010 43.3 0.219 466.80 0.642 568.07 0.735 12.0 0.031 197.85 0.272 203.13 0.263 1 40.2 0.20128.1 77.11 0.128 0.106 105.92 2.60 0.145 0.003 93.8 7.19 0.524 0.009 521.91 2 0.718 248.24 0.321 2 26.8 0.120 3.59 0.004 1.80 0.002 ...... 0.17 0.024 57.8 0.351 0.00 0.000 - - 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.004 29.8 0.138 124.71 0.171 146.18 0.189 1 28.127.3 0.128 0.123 3.40 4.52 0.004 0.006 5.08 4.11 0.006 0.005 ...... 37.7 .. 0.186 0.18 .. 30.82 0.046 0.21 0.042 .. 0.029 18.88 67.0 0.024 0.03 0.000 54.5 0.287 89.34 0.123 79.64 0.103 3 58.0 0.308 48.43 0.066 53.69 0.069 ...... 2.82 0.460 64.3 37.6 0.185 476.50 0.656 660.61 0.855 3 43.5 0.220 195.41 0.269 156.09 0.202 1 31.116.5 0.14644.6 0.05722.8 0.227 4.26 0.096 5.76 64.06 0.005 12.13 0.007 0.088 3.88 0.016 0.27 40.10 0.005 0.000 0.052 0.49 0.000 39.5 0.197 31.94 0.043 19.86 0.025 24.5 0.106 150.36 0.207 18.42 0.024 1 73.1 0.399 154.56 0.212 144.74 0.187 13.0 0.036 32.02 0.044 3.89 0.005 40.1 0.200 45.79 0.063 24.18 0.031 25.096.6 0.109 0.540 4.05 82.03 0.005 0.112 5.17 45.38 0.006 0.059 ...... 0.11 1.07 0.013 0.171 65.8 0.501 0.01 0.001 - - 0.01 0.001 0.01 0.005 19.3 0.075 59.42 0.081 67.18 0.087 120.9 0.687 199.27 0.274 221.44 0.286 2 0.470 53.5 0.281 241.29 0.332 284.07 0.368 0.082 45.1 0.230 315.32 0.434 161.61 0.209 0.030 48.6 0.251 110.580.078 0.152 44.8 17.12 0.228 0.022 303.72 2 0.418 185.80 0.240 0.006 50.6 0.263 138.00 0.190 27.89 0.036 0.0020.008 15.3 55.0 0.050 0.290 1.86 4.23 0.002 0.005 0.20 1.59 0.000 0.002 ...... 0.06 0.004 0.531 27.4 0.123 469.15 0.646 701.66 0.908 0.378 34.8 0.1681.000 485.94 44.6 0.669 0.227 457.78 667.56 0.592 0.919 729.70 0.945 0.029 26.1 0.116 47.73 0.065 86.14 0.111 0.703 95.0 0.531 458.99 0.632 609.62 0.789 3 0.966 10.4 0.021 579.87 0.798 520.94 0.674 0.045 42.8 0.216 112.53 0.154 87.52 0.113 1 0.665 64.3 0.346 615.12 0.847 621.63 0.805 4 0.010 12.3 0.032 9.06 0.012 6.97 0.009 0.807 36.7 0.179 674.69 0.929 735.48 0.952 11 0.650 140.1 0.803 583.00 0.802 772.56 1.000 2 0.132 58.2 0.309 374.85 0.516 322.57 0.417 162.5 366.6 830.2 399.2 149.8 232.6 410.4 712.0 340.4 0.007 221.7 0.003 252.7155.4 0.004 0.001 449.4 0.010 384.5 0.008 207.2267.9 0.003 0.005 229.1 0.004 689.8 0.016 458.3 0.010 922.6 0.023 381.9916.5 0.008 0.022 198.0 0.251 742.4 0.128 049.9 0.164 256.7 0.252 651.2 0.153 270.6 0.197 932.0 0.078 856.6 0.103 885.8 0.049 516.0 0.039 684.1 0.099 693.5 0.044 25 601.7 0.490 6 0.011 305.8 0.618 13 0.639 23 Score Score As % Score inhabi- Score inhabi- Score Per Score As % Score popu- Score site risk Score world Score world Score world Score world Score 5.4 0.748 9 3.3 0.624 1 Real GDP growth GDP per capita Total exports Total capita per GDP Real GDP growth Average 1991-2001

Annex table A.I.7. Raw data and scores for the variables included in the UNCTAD Inward FDI Potential Index, 1999-2001 (continue and scores for the variables included in UNCTAD A.I.7. Raw data Annex table Korea, Republic of KenyaKyrgyzstanLebanonLibyan Arab Jamahiriya 2.1 1.1 -1.6 0.548 0.329 4.1 280.8 0.005 0.668 4 Malta 4.5 0.691 9 MexicoMoldova, Republic of -7.0 3.1 0.612 5 KuwaitLithuania 8.5 0.929 17 -0.9 0.374 3 061.6 KazakhstanLatvia -1.9 0.314 1 196.4 Mali -0.2 0.412 2 949.1 4.3 0.680 New ZealandNigerNigeriaOman 3.2 2.9 2.4 0.595 0.570 3.9 178.1 394.0 0.655 7 Israel 4.5 0.692 18 011.0 0.493 ItalyJamaica 0.1 1.7 0.433 0.528 2 19 MadagascarMalawiMalaysia 2.9 0.597 3.7 6.1 0.642 0.787 3 Nicaragua 4.2 0.673 MongoliaMorocco 2.1 2.5 0.553 0.576Norway 1 143.7 Pakistan 3.4 0.629 3.5 36 0.634 411.0 0.009 16.4 0.057 22.35 0.030 Namibia 4.5 0.690 1 Iran, Islamic Rep. Ireland 8.3 0.914 JapanJordan 1.2 4.5 0.497 0.691 35 1 719.4 MozambiqueMyanmarNepalNetherlands 7.3 0.856 7.8 0.887 3.0 4.9Panama 0.606 24 0.714 3.5 0.630 3 Indonesia 3.2 0.617 India 6.1 0.786 Hong Kong, China 3.6 Haiti -0.0 0.424 462.0 Honduras 3.0 0.601 Iceland 3.4 0.628 29 Guatemala 4.1 0.666 1 Economy % 0-1 Dollars 0-1 ofGDP 0-1 tants 0-1 tants 0-1 capita 0-1 GuineaGuyana 4.4 4.5 0.687 0.693 Hungary 2.8 0.590 4 902.3 ANNEX A 199 4 05 12 ore .005 .005 0.014 ) 4 0.006 44 0.027 57 0.033 31 0.020 07 0.007 03 0.006 38 0.125 45 0.027 Inward .17 0.013 .45 0.078 .11 0.010 0.03 0.006 0.08 0.008 0.05 0.006 3 0.47 0.028 4 0.45 0.027

099 1.85 0.098 .100 1.41 0.076 .018 0.81 0.045 .. 0.00 0.004 0.001 0.03 0.006 0.002 0.02 0.0 0.074 0.46 0.028 0.006 0.17 0.0 0.000 0.01 0.004 0.001 0.02 0.005 0.000 -0.01 0.003 0.000 0.02 0.005 0.000 0.04 0.006 0.003 0.02 0.005 0.001 0.01 0 84 0.430 7.66 0.396 .04 0.002 0.03 0.005 0.19 0.010 0.19 0.28 0.015 0 0.72 0.039 0. 0.09 0.005 0. 3.82 0.210 2. 0.07 0.004 0.0 1.43 0.079 1 0.11 0.006 0 0.36 0.020 0. services FDI stock 0 0.10 0.006 0.03 0.005 7 0.70 0.038 0.30 0.020 01 0.04 0.002 0.11 0.010 0.000 0.02 0.001 0.01 0.00 0.108 0.96 0.053 0. 0.027 1.82 0 0.025 1.200.002 0.066 0.27 0. 0.015 0. 1.000 18.22 1.000 19.48 1.000 0.030 0.60 0.03 0.005 0.08 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.004 0.015 0.17 0.009 0.012 0.33 0 0.207 1.80 0. 0.007 0.13 0.007 0.02 0.001 .. .. 0.00 0.000 0.01 electronics and Exports in 0.00 0.000 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.001 0.04 0.05 0.003 0.10 0.00 0.000 .. 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.01 0.0 0.00 0.000 0.01 0.13 0.00 0.01 0.000 0.00 0.01 0.000 0.01 0.00 0.000 0.05 0.27 0.015 0.01 0.000 0.03 1.20 0.066 1.35 2.49 0.136 0.60 0.033 0.04 0.002 3.23 0.177 0.02 0.001 1.32 0.072 0.11 0.006 18.28 1 0.05 0.003 Imports of parts/

0.040 1.97 0.442 6.58 0.360 7. 0.068 0.49 0.019 0.45 0.041 0.03 0.000 0.01 0.000 0 0.015 0.54 0.372 0.10 0.019 0.28 0.074 0.22 0.202 3.78 0.007 0.13 natural 0.43 0.047 0.35 0.039 8.25 0.916

.. 0.02 0.002 0.00 .. 0.00 0.000 0.00 0.426 0.17 0.019 telephone mainlines, mobile phones, commercial energy use, R&D Country risk resources automobilesCountry risk 62.5 0.439 0.00 0.000 60.8 0.407 0.05 0.005 As of d FDI stock). 0.247 70.8 0.594 1.34 0.149 Nations Statistics Division, DESA and COMTRADE database (exports of natural and COMTRADE database (exports Division, DESA Nations Statistics total Compo-of % % of % of % of 3.05 0.497 .. .. 0.09 0.010 - - .. .. 0.01 0.005 1.93 0.313 77.3 0.716 9.01 1.000 in the 1999 December 20011999-2001 Average Students Exports of accessories of

.. 0.85 0.135 63.0 0.449 0.00 0.000 .. 1.31 0.211 .. .. 0.07 0.008 .. 0.34 0.050 61.0 0.411 0.01 0.001 .. 0.06 0.004 57.5 0.346 0.00 .. 0.71 0.112 54.0 0.280 0.00 0.000 .. 0.93 0.148 69.5 0.570 0.45 0.050 - - 0.18 0.010 0.24 0.016 .. 0.97 0.155 65.3 0.492 0.43 0.048 - - 0.01 0.001 0.02 0.005 .. 0.13 0.017 53.5 0.271 0.09 0.010 .. 0.37 0.056 39.0 0.000 0.04 0.004 0.239 4.61 0.755 80.5 0.776 0.90 0.100 0.180 2.53 0.411 73.3 0.641 0.17 % Score popu- Score site risk Score world Score world Score world Score world Sc R&D GDP 0-1 lation 0-1 rating 0-1 total 0-1Total 0-1 total 0-1 total 0-1 0.18 0.048 0.61 0.096 71.5 0.607 0.08 0.022 2.96 0.482 68.8 0.557 0.37 0.041 0.14 0.035 0.60 0.094 73.5 0.645 0.44 0.116 1.90 0.308 72.8 0.632 0.10 0.01 1.87 0.492 3.45 0.562 83.5 0.832 3.98 0.21 0.056 3.03 0.493 70.0 0.579 0.14 0.016 0.72 0.190 4.08 0.666 75.3 0.679 0.48 0.053 2.64 0.695 2.14 0.347 92.5 1.000 0.61 2.670.26 0.702 0.067 4.78 2.75 0.782 0.448 79.0 74.3 0.748 0.660 3.78 0.01 0.420 0.001 1.01 0.264 4.91 0.803 69.5 0.570 0.18 0.048 0.36 0.053 57.0 0.336 0.01 0.001 3.80 1.000 3.90 0.637 84.3 0.847 0.61 0.068 0.62 0.163 1.61 0.260 68.8 0.557 0.66 0.01 0.003 0.21 0.029 66.3 0.510 0.02 0.002 1.89 0.497 2.73 0.444 89.3 0.940 1.82

0.151 2.09 0.550 5.30 0.867 81.5 0.794 0.48 0.053 0.040 0.10 0.026 3.12 0.509 73.8 0.650 0.36 0.038 0.63 0.166 1.55 0.250 48.5 0.178 0.17 0.103 0.95 0.249 3.11 0.507 66.8 0.520 0.37 0.089 0.73 0.192 3.79 0.618 78.3 0.735 0.14 0.088 0.33 0.087 2.82 0.459 66.8 0.520 3.35 0.057 0.39 0.102 1.82 0.294 64.3 0.473 0.19 0.021 0.120 1.48 0.388 4.01 0.655 78.8 0.744 0.07 se expenditures tertiary level 743.8 0.023 .. 495.6 0.014 818.1 0.026 456.5 0.012 .. 462.5 0.012 .. 202.7 0.002 .. 836.4 0.027 .. 321.2 0.007 139.9 0.038 447.2 0.243 953.1 0.147 373.1 0.086 721.1 0.138 107.2 0.307 169.9 0.155 526.6 0.207 226.7 0.119 0.68 555.2 0.093 897.8 0.222 506.4 0.014 .. 331.8 0.007 .. 548.0 0.016 949.6 0.031 425.9 0.011 505.6 0.014 .. 618.6 0.018 .. 4 052.0 1 191.0 1 138.6 2 824.9 2 448.2 2 049.1 0.073 .. .. 3 015.1 0.111 0.91 2 413.6 1 620.9 4 769.9 0.178 .. .. 3 254.4 Commercial 0.498 8 Per Per As a % As a a As a As As a 1000 1000 of Telephone mainlines Mobile phones energy u mainlines Telephone 0.130 280.32 0.386 178.96 0.231 2 1.0 0.025 2.74 0.003 8.47 0.011 .. .. 0.75 0.198 0.26 0.038 6.9 0.000 2.23 0.003 4.91 0.006 ...... 0.09 0.009 .. 61.1 0.326 12.35 0.017 1.73 0.002 ...... 0.21 0.030 61.8 21.5 0.088 51.92 0.071 144.88 0.187 37.4 0.184 101.91 0.140 4.71 0.006 1 42.3 0.213 249.34 0.343 63.38 0.082 .. .. 0.52 0.136 2.00 0.323 .. 64.0 0.344 92.60 0.127 70.90 0.092 15.5 0.052 69.64 0.095 47.13 0.061 32.1 0.151 9.32 0.012 11.66 0.015 44.4 0.226 99.44 0.136 19.46 0.025 26.9 0.120 281.79 0.388 224.70 0.291 52.0 0.272 40.40 0.055 90.74 0.117 30.7 0.143 426.71 0.587 635.49 0.823 58.8 0.312 228.88 0.315 109.94 0.142 6 34.6 0.167 66.22 0.091 2.10 0.002 12.8 0.036 11.79 0.016 1.50 0.002 24.2 0.104 107.25 0.147 216.16 0.280 31.6 0.149 174.86 0.240 114.77 0.148 42.2 0.213 223.91 0.308 23.14 0.030 4 57.2 0.303 171.35 0.236 111.00 0.143 ...... 1.08 0.173 42.0 0.211 19.08 0.026 3.76 0.005 27.9 0.126 8.38 0.011 8.00 0.010 41.6 0.209 137.15 0.188 72.33 0.093 57.2 0.303 389.64 0.536 562.69 0.728 32.5 0.154 19.23 0.026 20.70 0.027 30.2 0.140 21.32 0.029 22.33 0.029 69.5 0.377 302.99 0.417 241.97 0.313 3 28.4 0.129 117.84 0.162 188.14 0.243 2 0.002 75.4 0.413 35.45 0.048 0.18 0.000 0.359 51.2 0.267 562.18 0.774 763.43 0.988 0.004 15.0 0.049 4.52 0.006 6.19 0.008 0.0160.501 56.20.665 67.4 0.297 27.10.941 0.364 205.800.161 0.121 10.7 364.49 0.283 19.0 583.77 0.023 0.501 21.58 0.073 0.803 483.02 668.18 0.028 651.44 277.32 0.625 0.920 0.843 10 114.9 0.381 385.11 3 0.384 127.35 0.165 .. .. 0.89 0.142 82.5 0.813 2.28 0.253 - - .. .. 0.02 0 0.020 37.1 0.182 40.57 0.055 24.21 0.031 0.951 42.7 0.215 726.45 1.000 600.45 0.777 3 0.673 36.1 0.176 268.36 0.369 212.74 0.275 26 119.0 1.000 .. .. 1.53 0.399 29.0 0.133 422.40 0.581 525.94 0.681 0.725 45.1 0.230 724.11 0.997 696.80 0.902 5 0.008 53.4 0.280 32.05 0.044 9.83 0.012 0.0010.597 18.1 172.8 0.067 1.000 479.26 4.13 0.660 0.005 608.94 3.99 0.788 0.005 5 ...... 0.14 0.018 48.5 0.178 0.00 0.000 - - 0.01 0.000 0.00 0.004 150.4 297.4 228.0 260.1 617.5 539.9 576.8 434.7 775.9 695.6 0.016 289.7 0.005 980.5 0.024 261.9 0.004 1 451.1 0.010 362.0 0.007 236.8 0.004 465.0 0.010 319.3 0.006 572.7 0.013 486.3 0.011 354.8 0.035 053.0 0.026 753.1 0.045 906.9 0.050 067.2 0.054 130.7 0.056 659.9 0.070 223.5 0.114 28.5 043.7 0.301 879.0 0.159 815.8 0.130 660.6 0.043 730.0 0.045 981.5 0.052 558.6 0.261 699.1 0.099 869.2 0.076 Dollars 0-1GDP of 0-1tants 0-1tants 0-1 capita 0-1 of 0.681 1 0.434 1 0.768 13 0.626 252.5 0.596 24 0.639 34 0.719 839.4 0.872 24 0.851 395.5 0.254 1 0.169 154.8 Score Score% As Score inhabi- Score inhabi- Score Per Score As 2.7 0.586 4.0 0.660 5 3.2 0.615 18 2.4 0.568 2 5.8 7.5 Real GDP growth GDP per capita Total exports exports Total capita per GDP Real GDP growth Average 1991-20011999-2001 Average expenditures); UNESCO (students in the tertiary level); PRS Group/International country risk guide (country risk); United expenditures); UNESCO (students (inwar FDI database in services); UNCTAD and accessories of electronics automobiles exports of parts resources, imports UNCTAD, based on data from the World Bank and IMF (real GDP growth); UNCTAD (GDP per capita, exports); World Bank, WDI online ( World exports); per capita, (GDP growth); UNCTAD Bank and IMF (real GDP from the World based on data UNCTAD,

Tanzania 3.4 Annex table A.I.7. Raw data and scores for the variables included in the UNCTAD Inward FDI Potential Index, 1999-2001(concluded and scores for the variables included in UNCTAD A.I.7. Raw data Annex table Sources: Economy % 0-1 Papua New Guinea Paraguay 2.0 0.543 1 Taiwan Province of China Taiwan Thailand 3.2 0.617 1 Peru 4.3 0.683 2 Syrian Arab Republic 4.3 TajikistanTFYR Macedonia 0.1 -7.2 0.003 171.7 Togo 2.7 0.584 Tunisia 4.8 0.707 2 TurkeyUnited Republic of 3.2 0.617 2 Philippines 3.5 0.635 Poland 5.0 0.725 4 Portugal 2.9 0.595 11 Trinidad and Tobago and Trinidad UgandaUkraineUnited Arab Emirates United KingdomUnited StatesUruguay 7.0 2.9 -7.2 0.840 0.000 3.6 679.4 2.6 0.578 5 936.1 Uzbekistan 1.0 0.485 Qatar Sri Lanka 4.9 SudanSwitzerland 5.5 1.1 0.754 0.493 34 Venezuela 1.1 0.489 4 Romania 0.2 0.439 1 Rwanda 1.9 0.536 Spain 2.9 0.598 14 Sweden 2.4 0.568 26 Suriname 3.0 0.607 1 Viet NamViet 7.2 Yemen 5.9 0.777 Zambia 1.0 0.484 Russian Federation -2.9 Saudi Arabia 1.2 0.499 8 472.2 0.231 Slovenia 3.7 0.647 9 Zimbabwe 1.8 0.535 Senegal 4.3 0.680 Slovakia 3.3 0.619 3 South Africa Sierra LeoneSingapore -4.3 7.2 0.853 21 200 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives /... a 93 8918 89 207290 91 21 6671 83 83 24 68 71 79 81 23 68 74 78 22 64 7337 80 63 97 70 38 82 60 71 90 39 55 95 4138 47 103 41 37 40 104 42 103 35 39 38 35 36 36 127133 123 130 129 130 125 131129 126 118 118 127 106 119 118 122 115 137 137 137 136 135 131 67 65 59 66 62 59 65 Annex table A.I.8. Inward FDI Potential Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table AngolaArgentinaArmeniaAustraliaAustriaAzerbaijanBahamasBahrainBangladeshBelarusBelgium and LuxembourgBeninBolivia 59 75BotswanaBrazil .. 14Brunei Darussalam 10Bulgaria 19 .. 58 84Burkina Faso 28 105CameroonCanada 14 26 .. 10Chile 19 106China .. 53 .. 31 103Colombia 30Congo 127 28 111 13Congo, Dem. Rep. 32 81 9 122Costa Rica 20 48Côte d’Ivoire 113 .. .. 32 48 94 30Croatia 131 112Cyprus 10 30 .. 32 77 122Czech Republic 79 11 19 101Denmark 45 31Dominican Republic 28 .. 48 98 103 120 129 2 23Ecuador 29 11 109Egypt 41 .. 48 58 99 92 10 45El Salvador 107 18 50Estonia 132 116 111 134 32 73 33 114 50 69Ethiopia 26 96 2Finland 117 29 12 41 119 47 56 42 95France 118 11 43 66 .. 18 Gabon 131 131 110 135 47 .. 36 85Gambia 31 47 69 33 94 27 125Georgia 124 16 30 2 12Germany 47 53 110 46 71 90 68 10 52Ghana .. 137 135 116 69 46Greece 112 71 .. 35 80 33 102 55 71 28 116 131 67 16 111 30 12 2 43 49 71 60 90 11 56 73 114 121 139 132 .. 58 114 72 43 107 35 75 54 124 74 37 130 9 .. 28 65 111 14 30 7 15 41 48 117 50 132 139 60 80 2 67 119 59 63 105 50 9 .. 83 111 108 46 .. 117 36 86 37 54 4 28 113 9 88 15 31 91 135 40 124 134 16 139 7 52 63 86 59 106 34 55 66 66 2 105 112 48 76 85 9 47 106 76 .. 37 58 110 38 4 28 82 11 129 139 16 133 88 118 33 19 100 39 74 60 80 86 34 5 104 45 84 39 90 2 51 121 86 82 9 37 73 37 57 .. 128 14 28 132 139 79 100 16 4 110 126 21 34 100 39 105 77 58 55 34 41 74 5 40 83 95 2 39 80 8 51 132 125 57 100 138 115 31 .. 15 108 85 31 16 4 90 44 58 98 84 38 63 42 93 40 65 6 77 125 122 5 52 139 32 103 59 129 108 15 87 16 59 89 79 44 68 3 96 39 97 42 40 139 112 7 57 110 47 133 102 56 4 14 87 16 64 109 86 44 79 38 3 42 88 126 39 104 111 53 51 9 57 14 5 110 69 94 45 15 69 40 82 126 110 5 38 51 60 54 9 5 12 71 16 76 120 109 85 37 46 6 55 10 16 10 71 124 76 114 85 54 6 70 12 10 116 82 87 7 10 12 113 77 87 14 6 6 EconomyAlbaniaAlgeria 1988-1990 1989-1991 1990-1992 1991-1993 .. 1992-1994 53 1993-1995 1994-1996 1995-1997 .. 61 1996-1998 1997-1999 1998-2000 1999-2001 123 79 121 87 118 91 123 96 120 131 124 109 103 97 ANNEX A 201 /... (continued) a 15 11321 105 19 106 1998 11132 19 111 97 31 18 9631 34 17 97 32 34 93 32 29 83 29 28 32 33 101 99 94 90 94 96 107 104 106131 104 129 112 133 120 134 134 133 129 130 133 122 122 124 108 126 127 126 120121 113 120 117 121 114 119 114 123 115 113 112 108 108 108 105 102 103 102 100 101 Annex table A.I.8. Inward FDI Potential Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table EconomyGuatemalaGuineaGuyanaHaitiHondurasHong Kong, ChinaHungaryIceland 1988-1990India 1989-1991IndonesiaIran, Islamic Rep. 1990-1992 102Ireland 1991-1993Israel 1992-1994 17Italy 89 101 1993-1995Jamaica 100Japan 1994-1996 83 115Jordan 1995-1997Kazakhstan 17 101 90 47 1996-1998Kenya 51 108 Korea, Republic of 15 1997-1999 79 115Kuwait 42 1998-2000Kyrgyzstan 72 1999-2001 104 18Latvia 94 50 46Lebanon 24 15 132Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 96 44 27Lithuania 71 105 61Madagascar 16 18 89 20 63Malawi 51 12 24 133 ..Malaysia 17 65 97Mali 26 54 109 55Malta 62 97 84 18Mexico 13 70 20 63 49Moldova, Republic of 136 12 .. 29 46 18 69 ..Mongolia 99 51 115 31Morocco 51 94 85 74 89Mozambique .. 13 19 61 26 63 136Myanmar 99 49 12 28 49 ..Namibia .. 20 68 61 99 Nepal 1 30 53Netherlands 46 80 101 72 .. 95 88 38 20New Zealand .. 136 102 13 55 57 24 56Nicaragua 28 40 9 19 .. 68 75 106Niger .. 60 35Nigeria 30 104 44 45 93 60 91 65 36Norway 135 .. 122 13 19 56 112 43 54 .. 21Oman 56 71 107 22 40Pakistan 126 70 64 85 8 117 102 39 26 58 45 103 52 51 135 119 66 84 110 39 35 87 23 66 13 56 54 57 17 61 8 23 120 74 133 109 19 32 91 62 118 92 101 8 72 109 38 95 26 44 135 63 126 92 55 70 39 36 82 22 89 13 113 58 48 91 17 134 108 25 108 67 8 81 18 32 128 68 103 92 62 115 136 35 97 25 91 127 5 41 7 77 66 68 88 92 36 37 40 90 22 87 114 13 109 60 134 125 92 17 45 130 25 80 77 114 18 60 8 89 135 60 111 116 127 36 24 84 42 5 70 7 69 72 119 87 87 38 31 128 134 46 86 13 62 121 25 91 45 88 132 17 25 114 72 77 18 77 123 85 62 7 33 85 53 21 64 113 45 107 120 130 91 11 132 6 74 45 74 126 96 41 86 25 84 123 74 17 24 91 15 83 81 65 92 9 108 33 103 22 132 51 84 125 132 53 47 81 11 46 125 76 98 123 6 25 71 76 17 25 11 92 87 61 67 23 102 10 101 34 128 130 50 127 115 78 46 11 107 50 26 47 68 18 78 66 5 27 96 68 98 128 60 113 128 99 11 38 115 47 12 52 120 50 52 67 63 73 27 5 92 99 109 128 61 105 10 111 125 38 58 52 49 55 77 67 27 117 117 92 56 128 4 91 109 106 40 8 48 51 75 66 125 100 121 27 96 93 4 44 49 8 55 77 69 128 119 93 27 93 3 79 126 8 59 129 27 89 5 129 56 9 89 4 50 3 202 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives (concluded) a 61 58 6442 61 43 6915 30 66 15 30 14 30 14 29 94 14 95 15 101 100 97 95 123 122 120 119 117 119 34 36 36 37 3678 35 77 35 75 78 72 74 73 103 116 121 136 137 137 136 34 35 34 33 33 3282 33 80 34 78 65 70 69 65 61 Annex table A.I.8. Inward FDI Potential Index rankings, 1990-2001 Annex table UNCTAD. Three-year moving average. Covering 140 economies and based on 12 economic policy variables. Source: a Note: EconomyPanama Guinea New Papua ParaguayPeruPhilippinesPolandPortugalQatar 1988-1990Romania 77 1989-1991Russian FederationRwanda 1990-1992Saudi Arabia 1991-1993Senegal 54 1992-1994Sierra Leone 78 70Singapore 1993-1995Slovakia 76 1994-1996Slovenia 78 55 1995-1997South Africa .. 49 93Spain 39 67 1996-1998Sri Lanka 76 1997-1999Sudan 22 .. 1998-2000Suriname 83 31 67 113Sweden 1999-2001 .. 52 88 35 107 75SwitzerlandSyrian Arab Republic 93 78 22 Province of ChinaTaiwan .. 13 116 27 95 55Tajikistan 33 113 59TFYR Macedonia 75 36 73 .. 52Thailand .. 96 70Togo 16 13 130 and TobagoTrinidad 85 21 98 22 97 50Tunisia 74 133 25 33 57 70 34 Turkey 53 78 116 .. 43 117Uganda .. 72 11 135 17Ukraine 93 15 21 6United Arab Emirates 134 94 21 92 42 73 23 ..United Kingdom 35 56 114 67 83 57 118TanzaniaUnited Republic of 42 57 62United States .. 68 140 89 11 17Uruguay 13 97 137 27 115 94 6 25 44 40Uzbekistan 87 21 134 54 76 ..Venezuela 98 124 61 83 64 62 64 29 NamViet 140 90 78Yemen .. 10 20 138 64 111 88 23Zambia 95 7 29 42 40 136 62 81 104 22 7Zimbabwe 122 53 3 93 80 85 58 .. 64 72 29 140 61 .. 95 105 69 12 135 104 70 24 1 89 22 106 88 138 59 46 29 50 4 76 26 109 53 8 140 83 3 59 99 79 47 56 .. 57 118 24 116 .. 138 105 .. 43 37 14 24 101 82 137 124 21 1 83 29 44 86 106 65 48 73 27 3 41 140 12 84 125 110 63 110 98 54 119 45 27 48 3 138 100 106 82 .. 49 37 14 115 138 22 84 97 23 112 86 82 58 52 29 44 1 73 25 139 98 104 104 123 43 3 9 62 105 99 106 48 140 66 43 23 3 81 65 136 56 113 41 101 22 81 114 23 53 111 79 138 41 68 31 73 124 26 107 112 1 98 43 140 110 104 75 60 45 2 49 8 24 107 131 99 59 67 42 4 98 102 114 21 138 80 23 109 75 118 28 41 140 43 81 26 112 96 107 1 70 102 62 130 65 49 20 8 99 2 91 64 52 118 20 43 100 6 30 110 20 94 49 74 117 107 88 26 96 103 127 73 1 69 49 21 79 121 98 100 72 75 2 44 7 105 6 116 112 117 20 80 50 123 90 26 81 100 72 48 102 64 76 129 20 1 79 81 2 46 101 6 124 19 116 5 25 90 82 51 82 95 128 108 76 63 23 102 84 1 84 44 121 116 7 53 81 4 130 93 107 95 63 122 24 87 127 86 54 1 7 52 78 99 117 86 3 24 64 127 88 80 57 1 86 112 94 3 131 62 85 75 54 133 1 134 92 67 4 75 57 137 1 88 ANNEX A 203 /… l products l gas s s combined sion ng company s, nec ic chemicals, nec s, nec except radiotelephone except radiotelephone except radiotelephone Switzerland Chocolate and cocoa products SA France Steel works, blast furnaces, and rolling mills ties, necSA Nestle nonresidential buildings Gecina France Operators of nonresidential buildings except radiotelephone except radiotelephone Annex table A.I.9. Cross-border M&A deals with values of over $1 billion completed in 2002 A.I.9. Cross-border M&A Annex table Value 1 10.723Asts Networks Inc-Ent USA 4 8.35 8.0Australia AOL Europe, AOL 6 7.4 United States Niagara Mohawk Holdings Inc7 7.4 Energy Inc Westcoast 8 7.4 broadcasting stations Television Germany Innogy Holdings PLC United States 6.6PLC PowerGen 9 6.5SAHldg CropScience Aventis services Electric Sonera Corp (Finland) 6.2 Information retrieval services Canada FrancePLCOil Enterprise Kingdom United SAUniversal Vivendi services Electric FinlandKingdom United Natural gas transmission and distribution Pesticides and agricultural chemicals, necservices Electric France America Online IncKingdom United CorpEnergy Duke AG Bayer communications, Telephone Crude petroleum and natural gas National Grid Group PLC communications, Telephone United StatesStates United United KingdomAG Information retrieval service RWE services Electric PLCResources Shell Electric and other service AB Telia GermanyAGON E Kingdom United Medicinal chemicals and botanica Crude petroleum and natura Germany Sweden Germany Electric and other services combined communications, Telephone services Electric 11 4.6 Reemtsma Cigarettenfabrik GmbH Germany Cigarettes Group PLCTobacco Imperial United Kingdom Cigarettes 1012 5.613 Miller Brewing (Philip Morris)14 4.415 3.9 Castorama Dubois16 3.7 United States Motiva Enterprises LLC17 3.6Republic)(Czech Transgas 18 3.3 Malt beverages VEBA Oel AG (E.On AG)19 3.3PLCGroup Smurfit Jefferson 3.1 BCOM3 Group IncRepublic Czech 20 United States 3.0EnergiBirka NYA France21 Ireland Natural gas transmission and distribution E-Plus Mobilfunk GmbH (Otelo) Germany22 2.9refining Petroleum 23 2.8 Germany Pennzoil-Quaker State Co24 2.8AG Gas RWE Franco-Nevada Mining Corp Ltd25 2.8 Hardware stores(VIAG)AG Aluminium Petroleum refining VAW Converted paper and paperboard products, nec United States26 Canada 2.7Acquisitions MDP AssetsCo-Certain Motor Daewoo 27 Radiotelephone communications Sweden United States2.7Koreaof Republic Zomba Group Advertising agencies 2.6 Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies Germany SPP 2.6African Breweries PLC South Petroleum refiningSA Simco Gold oresIncAmerica Chef United KingdomGroup Investor Germanyservices Electric Ireland Beer and ale Primary production of aluminum Royal KPN NV Investor Group Natural gas and transmis States United Investors, nec BP PLC Kingfisher PLCStates United Business services, necStates United SAGroupe Publicis ASAHydro Norsk France39 Frozen special Slovakia Netherlands Netherlands Investor Shell Oil Co40 2.041 communications, Telephone Investors, nec Ben (Belgacom SA,TeleDanmark)Corp Fortum 42 France 2.0of Operators United Kingdom Netherlands Crude petroleum and natural gas 1.9 Newmont Mining Corp Norway Hardware stores Energy Partners Holdings Avon 1.9 United Kingdom Viesgo Radiotelephone communications United KingdomElectricity TXU-Eastern Petroleum refining Bertelsmann Music Group Inc Advertising agencies Electric services United States United StatesStates United fertilizers Nitrogenous Group Investor Petroleum refining Finland Gold ores Miscellaneous publishing United KingdomAG Deutsche Telekom Electric services Crude petroleum and natural gas Spain France Germany Aquila Inc(Utilicorp United) communications, Telephone Investors, nec services Electric United States Combination utilitie Electricity(EdF) London United Kingdom Electric services Ente Nazionale per l’Energia Italyservices Electric 282930 2.531 2.5 TXU Europe-Generation & Supply32 2.4 United Kingdom Zurich Scudder Investments Inc33 2.3 United California Bank, LA, CA Electric services34 2.2States United Americas Ltd Telecom 35 2.2 United States Aceralia36 2.1 Investment advice Normandy Mining Ltd37 2.0PLC Seeboard National commercial banks38 2.0 IBM Corp-Hard Disk Drive 2.0 Brazil Oil & Gas GmbH-Certain Veba 2.0 Shell & DEA Oil GmbHKingdom United Petrochemicals DSM Australia United States Crude petroleum and natural gas Computer storage devices Radiotelephone communications United Kingdom Germany SpainPLC PowerGen SAParibas BNP Gold oresservices Electric NetherlandsAG Deutsche Bank Petro-Canada Petroleum refining Industrial inorganic chemicals, nec Steel foundries, nec America Movil SA de CV France United Kingdom Germany Hitachi Ltd Electric services MexicoCorpIndustries Basic Saudi Canada Banks Banks Arabia Saudi Radiotelephone communications LE Group Plc Industrial inorgan CorpMining Newmont Crude petroleum and natural gas AG Deutsche Shell Japan Usinor States United United Kingdom Germany Electronic computers Gold ores services Electric Crude petroleum and natural gas Rankbillion) ($ company Acquired Host economy Industry of the acquired companycompany Acquiring Home economy Industry of the acquiri 204 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives nges gnostic m ng company f aluminum ervices combined s and space vehicles agents and managers s, nec Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies Malt beverages except cemeteries and printing except radiotelephone except radiotelephone substances s Specialty cleaning and polishing preparations is identical to the host economy, the ultimate parent is identical to the host economy, equity stake of more than 10%. equity stake Renault SA France Interbrew SA Belgium passenger car bodies Water supplyWater Utilities(UK)Ltd YTL Kingdom United supply Water except cemeteries except cemeteries substances Germany Malt beverages France Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies Nissan Motor Co Ltd Japan Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies Annex table A.I.9. Cross-border M&A deals with values of over $1 billion completed in 2002 (concluded) A.I.9. Cross-border M&A Annex table UNCTAD, cross-border M&A database. cross-border M&A UNCTAD, economy is different. Therefore, they are considered as cross-border M&As. The data cover deals involving the acquisition of an The data Therefore, they are considered as cross-border M&As. economy is different. Host and home economies represent the immediate partner economy of the transaction. Thus, for the M&A deals whose home economy Thus, for the M&A economy of the transaction. Host and home economies represent the immediate partner Value Source: Note: 43 1.8 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Japan Motor vehicles and 44 1.8PLC Water Wessex 51 1.6Kingdom United Brauerei Beck GmbH & Co 454647 1.748 1.7 Interbrew SA-Carling Business49 1.7Units(7) Siemens-Engineering 50 1.7SAChile Santander United Kingdom Banco 1.7 Haarmann & Reimer GmbH (Bayer) Germany Germany 1.6 Malt beveragesSA Renault LichtKraft-und Berliner Chileservices Engineering Chemicals and chemical preparations, nec Germany EQT Northern Europe Fund Banks Sweden Electric and other services combined Adolph Coors Co Investors, nec SARLHolding Demag Electricitaets Hamburgische Germany Luxembourg United States Electric and other s Malt beverages of holding companies, nec Offices Santiago Banco Chile Functions related to depository banking, nec 525354 1.655 1.5Assets Schmalbach-Lubeca-PET 56 1.5SAInternational Cedel Germany57 1.5SystemsAeronautical TRW 58 1.5CarrierMerchant-Car Hyundai 59 1.5 Italia-Real Estate Telecom 60 1.4(RAS)SpA Immobiliari Proprieta Kingdom Republic of Korea United Plastic bottles 1.4 Luxembourg Deep sea foreign transportation of freight Disputada de Las Condes61 Italy 1.4 Search, detection, and navigation equipmentPublishingPublish-Bis Vivendi 62 ItalyCorp TrizecHahn 1.3Corp Goodrich Security and commodity services, necGroup France Investor 63 1.3 ChileAG)AG(E.On Oel VEBA 64 Group RTL 1.365 Real estate agents and managers 1.3A/SAG Navision Boerse Deutsche 66 Operators of nonresidential buildings Periodicals: publishing, or publishing & printing Pegaso PCS SA de CV67 Germany 1.3Group Investor Canada68ores Copper 1.3States United (Glencore)Ltd Resources Norway Enex 69 1.2Inc(Unilever) DiverseyLever 70 1.2 Australia Guided missile GermanyPirelli-Real Stanley,Pirelli)Aegon(Morgan Aida Stanley, Banamex Morgan Afore 71 Amcor Ltd 1.2 Petroleum refining Mexico Cereol72 1.2 Land subdividers and developers, Italy NetherlandsHolding Kruidvat States United 73 Luxembourg 1.2 Investors, nec AurionGold Ltd74 1.1 Security and commodity excha DenmarkKingdom Bituminous coal and lignite surface mining United (Montedison)SpA Agora 75 Real estate 1.1 Building cleaning and maintenance services, nec broadcasting stationsAG Mexico Schmalbach-Lubeca Television Investor Professional Johnson Wax 1.1 Radiotelephone communications Grupo Financiero Bital SA76 1.1AG Xstrata ASPharma Nycomed 77Corp TrizecHahn Investors, nec Computer programming servicesState United Pannon GSM Rt78 Italy 1.1 Australia Netherlands79 Germany 1.1 Mexico Pension, health, and welfare funds Duiker Mining Ltd80 1.0 AustraliaPLCAmerican Anglo VHDB, DB Vida, VitaAG 1.0 Bertelsmann SA France Telefonica PLC BP (Montedison) Cerestar Drug stores and proprietary 1.0 Norway Setup paperboard boxes SA)SA(Guyomarc’h Canin Royal Metal cans Canada Microsoft CorpPLCProperty Green Investors, nec France Banks Switzerland Gold oresSABanamex Financiero Germany Grupo HungaryKingdom United Mexico oil mills, nec Vegetable Africa South preparations Pharmaceutical France Gold ores & Co Ltdo production AS Watson Primary Germany Land subdividers and developers, Dog, cat, and pet food Spain Life insurance Radiotelephone communications Bituminous coal and lignite surface mining Ireland Banks United States United Kingdom Newspapers: publishing, or publishing corn milling Wet AG Xstrata Hong Kong, China Petroleum refining stores Grocery software Prepackaged communications, Telephone Land subdividers and developers,Group Investor Mobile Communications Telenor Bunge Ltd NorwaySA Solvay Corp Ball SAHolding Masterfoods Asia Pacific Ltd Placer Dome Group Investor HSBC Holdings PLC communications, Switzerland Telephone AustraliaStates United Zurich Financial Services Grp Francealuminu of production Primary nec Investors, SwitzerlandInc Cargill States United Gold ores United Kingdom BelgiumStates United Banks Life insurance Dog, cat, and pet food Grain and field beans Kingdom United Investors, nec Metal cans Industrial organic chemicals, nec States United Grain and field beans 81 1.0Biosciences Amersham Sweden Biological products, except diagnosticPlc Amersham Kingdom United Biological products, except dia Rankbillion) ($ company Acquired Host economy Industry of the acquired companycompany Acquiring Home economy Industry of the acquiri ANNEX A 205 ents et position extérieure 2001, 15 May ents International Transactions Accounts Data, Transactions International ffice for National Statistics, Business Monitor for National Statistics, ffice (Millions of dollars and per cent) outflows and divestment in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, 1983-2002 the United Kingdom and States, and divestment in France, Germany, outflows a gross FDI Gross FDI Divestment gross FDI Gross FDI Divestment gross FDI Gross FDI Divestment gross FDI percentage of percentage of percentage of percentage of Divestment as Divestment as Divestment as Divestment as b France Germany United Kingdom United States Divestment b 2002; Deutsche Bundesbank, Zahlungsbilanzstatistik, February 2003, Statistisches Beiheft zum Monatsbericht 3; United Kingdom, O Bundesbank, Zahlungsbilanzstatistik, February 2003, Statistisches 2002; Deutsche MA4, Foreign Direct Investment 2001, February 2003; and United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. of Commerce, Bureau Economic Department MA4, Foreign Direct Investment 2001, February 2003; and United States 14 March 2003. www.bea.doc.gov, : based on Ministère de l'Economie, des Finances et l'Industrie/Banque France, Balance paiem FDI/TNC database, UNCTAD, (Net) FDI flows plus divestment. Excludes short-term intra-company loans. Annex table A.I.10. Gross FDI Annex table a b Source Year Gross FDI 19831984198519861987 ..1988 ..1989 ..1990 ..1991 ..1992 .. ..1993 .. 29 636 ..1994 .. 36 364 ..1995 25 296 ..1996 32 616 ..1997 25 642 4 504 .. ..1998 39 382 5 958 .. ..1999 46 843 5 563 .. ..2000 62 818 8 243 139 045 ..2001 9 886 189 961 15 ..2002 8 961 101 620 259 16 .. 11 .. 14 207 22 .. 12 189 .. 25 .. 14 457 .. 39 .. 18 806 .. 26 971 23 24 .. .. 22 474 23 .. 26 006 .. 9 .. 56 690 .. 8 8 372 .. 53 939 .. 19 51 344 5 278 .. .. 104 702 7 146 .. .. 907 110 17 641 .. 964 114 .. 3 135 .. 63 283 31 9 546 .. 15 877 .. 23 .. 1 461 .. 27 .. 65 171 31 .. .. 18 305 5 302 .. 6 17 739 19 15 7 733 .. 26 033 068 11 25 372 .. 32 199 17 294 1 57 43 562 31 309 16 409 29 1 008 37 206 6 576 122 816 34 047 1 631 61 586 6 734 35 164 2 251 837 8 514 17 948 2 140 201 451 233 371 5 807 4 309 6 268 19 66 118 24 868 37 14 007 5 911 21 8 176 26 20 5 692 22 665 52 724 26 12 5 647 3 13 14 38 36 168 20 41 16 21 188 13 54 554 16 31 536 11 89 610 24 027 23 31 98 555 27 229 848 112 55 663 11 43 940 45 991 907 11 172 629 107 635 18 491 .. 34 994 129 488 12 363 10 639 65 365 229 371 25 304 194 619 20 774 7 588 52 310 13 786 13 295 41 625 140 636 23 208 55 16 395 33 719 22 59 27 761 54 794 14 44 29 650 21 328 .. 26 18 28 26 659 31 29 24 22 47 26 42 24 15 41 .. 19 147 729 35 064 24 206 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.11. Germany, Japan and the United States: receipts of royalties and licence fees from affiliated firms, by country, 1985-2001 (Millions of dollars)

Germany Japan United States Intra-firm Intra-firm Intra-firm German Foreign Country Japanese Foreign Country United States Foreign Country parent affiliates as a parent affiliates as a parent affiliates in the as a Year firms only in Gernany TNCs whole firms only in Japan TNCs whole firms only United States TNCs whole

1985 464 83 .. 617 ...... 723 ...... 6 680 1986 597 122 .. 919 .. .. 617 906 5 994 180 .. 8 113 1987 698 146 .. 1 165 ...... 1 293 7 668 220 .. 10 174 1988 883 124 .. 1 265 ...... 1 637 9 238 256 .. 12 139 1989 1 122 106 .. 1 341 .. .. 1 034 2 016 10 612 349 12 800 13 818 1990 1 547 236 .. 1 987 ...... 2 479 12 867 383 .. 16 634 1991 1 515 345 .. 1 888 ...... 2 866 13 523 583 .. 17 819 1992 1 680 472 .. 2 072 .. .. 2 335 3 061 14 925 733 .. 20 841 1993 1 629 501 .. 2 058 ...... 3 861 14 936 752 .. 21 695 1994 1 720 496 .. 2 403 ...... 5 185 19 250 1 025 33 957 26 712 1995 2 231 617 .. 3 134 .. .. 3 919 6 005 21 399 1 460 .. 30 289 1996 2 457 655 .. 3 365 ...... 6 681 22 719 1 837 .. 32 470 1997 2 321 518 .. 3 222 ...... 7 303 23 091 1 374 .. 33 228 1998 2 652 750 .. 3 346 .. .. 5 499 7 388 24 362 1 951 .. 35 626 1999 2 321 629 .. 3 108 ...... 8 190 24 807 1 700 .. 36 902 2000 2 214 642 .. 2 884 ...... 10 227 24 585 2 231 .. 39 607 2001 2 404 745 .. 3 149 ...... 10 462 23 502 2 371 .. 38 668 2002 2 904 1 010 ......

Source: UNCTAD, based on WIR99; IMF, Balance of Payments Statistics CD-ROM (January 2003); Germany, Deutsche Bundesbank (various issues); Japan, METI, 2002 and United States, Department of Commerce, 2002. ANNEX A 207

Annex table A.I.12. Receipts of royalties and licence fees by affiliated firms and by country, Germany and the United States, 1998, 2000-2001 (Millions of dollars)

Germany United States Intra-firm Intra-firm German parent Foreign affiliates Country United States Foreign affiliates Country CountryRegion firms only Germany as a whole parent firms only in the United States as a whole 1998 TOTAL WORLD 1 707 748 3 346 24 362 1 951 35 626 Developed Countries 1 300 636 .. 20 993 2 037 26 853 European Union 482 267 .. 13 192 1 108 17 525 North America 601 284 .. 1 287 41 1 657 Japan 137 22 .. 3 200 220 5 776 Developing countries 353 51 .. 3 601 279 6 535 Africa 24 4 .. 185 25 311 Latin America and the Caribbean 99 14 .. 1 423 156 2 552 Asia and Pacific 230 .. .. 1 993 98 3 672 South, East and South-East Asia ...... 1 984 94 3 593 2000 TOTAL WORLD 2 194 640 2 884 24 585 2 231 39 607 Developed Countries 1 856 568 .. 18 293 1 803 28 931 European Union 597 201 .. 11 942 964 17 080 North America 677 100 .. 1 520 49 2 259 Japan 212 20 .. 3 416 331 7 120 Developing countries 224 36 .. 4 818 239 8 188 Africa 37 3 .. 190 - 393 Latin America and the Caribbean 104 18 .. 2 500 188 3 279 Asia and Pacific 83 15 .. 2 128 51 4 516 South, East and South-East Asia ...... 2 113 51 4 374 2001 TOTAL WORLD 2 290 666 3 149 23 502 2 371 38 668 Developed Countries 1 900 555 .. 17 318 1 872 28 214 European Union 549 134 .. 11 252 952 16 333 North America 803 116 .. 1 503 58 2 255 Japan 165 30 .. 3 173 248 6 972 Developing countries 251 86 .. 4 759 349 7 996 Africa 46 20 .. 212 - 327 Latin America and the Caribbean 98 21 .. 2 483 266 3 368 Asia and Pacific 108 45 .. 2 064 83 4 301 South, East and South-East Asia ...... 2 039 83 4 164

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. 208 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1948 Havana Charter for an International International Multilateral Binding Not ratified Trade Organization Conference on Trade and Employment

1948 Draft Statutes of the Arbitral Tribunal International Law Non- Non-binding Not adopted for Foreign Investment and of the Association governmental Foreign Investments Court

1949 International Code of Fair Treatment International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted for Foreign Investments of Commerce governmental

1957 Treaty Establishing the European European Economic Regional Binding Adopted Economic Community Community

1957 Agreement on Arab Economic Unity Council of Arab Regional Binding Adopted Economic Unity

1958 Convention on the Recognition and United Nations Multilateral Binding Adopted Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards

1959 Draft Convention on Investments Abs-Shawcross Non- Non-binding Not adopted Abroad Draft Convention Governmental

1961 Code of Liberalisation of OECD Regional Binding Adopted Capital Movements

1961 Code of Liberalisation of Current OECD Regional Binding Adopted Invisible Operations

1962 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Resolution 1803 (XVII): Permanent Sovereignty over Natural Resources

1963 Model Tax Convention on Income OECD Regional Model Adopted and on Capital

1965 Common Convention on Investments Customs and Regional Binding Adopted in the States of the Customs and Economic Union Economic Union of Central Africa of Central Africa

1965 Convention on the Settlement of World Bank Multilateral Binding Adopted Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States

1967 Revised Recommendation of the Council OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted Concerning Co-operation Between Member Countries on Anticompetitive Practices Affecting International Trade

1967 Draft Convention on the Protection OECD Regional Non-binding Not adopted of Foreign Property

1969 Agreement on Andean Subregional Andean Regional Binding Adopted Integration Common Market

1969 Agreement Establishing an Association European Community- Inter-regional Binding Adopted between the European Economic Malagasy States Community and the Malagasy States

1969 Agreement Establishing an Association European Community- Inter-regional Binding Adopted between the European Economic Tanzania, Uganda Community and the United Republic and Kenya of Tanzania, the Republic of Uganda and the Republic of Kenya

/... ANNEX A 209

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1970 Agreement on Investment and Free Arab Economic Unity Regional Binding Adopted Movement of Arab Capital among Arab Countries

1970 Decision No. 24 of the Commission of Andean Common Regional Binding Superseded the Cartagena Agreement: Common Market Regulations Governing Foreign Capital Movement, Trade Marks, Patents, Licences and Royalties

1971 Convention Establishing the Inter-Arab Inter-Arab Investment Regional Binding Adopted Investment Guarantee Corporation Guarantee Corporation

1972 Joint Convention on the Freedom of Central African Customs Regional Binding Adopted Movement of Persons and the Right of and Economic Union Establishment in the Central African

1972 Guidelines for International Investment International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted of Commerce Governmental

1973 Agreement on the Harmonisation of Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Fiscal Incentives to Industry

1973 Treaty Establishing the Caribbean Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Community

1974 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Resolution 3201 (S-VI): Declaration on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order and United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3202 (S-VI): Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order

1974 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Resolution 3281 (XXIX): Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States

1975 The Multinational Companies Code Customs and Economic Regional Binding Adopted in the UDEAC Union of Central Africa

1975 Charter of Trade Union Demands for International Non- Non-binding Adopted the Legislative Control of Multinational Confederation of Free Governmental Companies Trade Unions

1975 International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted Rules of Conciliation and Arbitration of Commerce Governmental

1976 Declaration on International Investment OECD Regional Binding/ Adopted and Multinational Enterprises non-bindingc

1976 Arbitration Rules of the United Nations United Nations Multilateral Model Adopted Commission on International Trade Law

1976 Agreement between the Government Germany- Bilateral Binding Adopted of the United States of America and United States the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany Relating to Mutual Cooperation Regarding Restrictive Business Practices

1977 ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles International Labour Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Concerning Multinational Enterprises Organization and Social Policy

/... 210 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1977 International Chamber of Commerce International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted Recommendations to Combat Extortion of Commerce Governmental and Bribery in Business transactions

1979 Draft International Agreement on United Nations Multilateral Binding Not adopted Illicit Payments

1979 United Nations Model Double Taxation United Nations Multilateral Model Adopted Convention between Developed and Developing Countries

1980 Cooperation Agreement between the ASEAN-EC Inter-regional Binding Adopted European Community and Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand member countries of the Association of South-East Asian Nations

1980 The Set of Multilaterally Agreed Equitable United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Principles and Rules for the Control of Restrictive Business Practices

1980 Guidelines Governing the Protection OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted of Privacy and Transborder Flows of Personal Data

1980 Unified Agreement for the Investment League of Arab States Regional Binding Adopted of Arab Capital in the Arab States

1980 Treaty Establishing the Latin American LAIA Regional Binding Adopted Integration Association (LAIA)

1981 International Code of Marketing of World Health Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Breast- milk Substitutes Organization

1981 Convention for the Protection of Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data

1981 Agreement on Promotion, Protection Islamic Conference Regional Binding Adopted and Guarantee of Investments among Member States of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference

1981 Treaty for the Establishment of the Preferential Trade Area Regional Binding Adopted Preferential Trade Area for Eastern for Eastern and Southern and Southern African States African States

1982 Community Investment Code of the CEPGL Regional Binding Adopted Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL)

1983 Draft United Nations Code of Conduct United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Not adopted on Transnational Corporations

1983 Treaty for the Establishment of the Economic Community Regional Binding Adopted Economic Community of Central of Central and African States African States

1985 Draft International Code of Conduct on United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Not adopted the Transfer of Technology

1985 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Resolution 39/248: Guidelines for Consumer Protection

/... ANNEX A 211

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1985 Convention Establishing the Multilateral World Bank Multilateral Binding Adopted Investment Guarantee Agency

1985 Declaration on Transborder Data Flows OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted

1987 Agreement for the Establishment of a Caribbean Common Regional Binding Adopted Regime for CARICOM Enterprises Market

1987 Revised Basic Agreement on ASEAN ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted Industrial Joint Ventures

1987 An Agreement Among the Governments ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted of Brunei Darussalam, the Republic of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Republic of the Philippines, the Republic of Singapore and the Kingdom of Thailand for the Promotion and Protection of Investments

1989 Fourth ACP-EEC Convention of Lomé African, Caribbean and Inter-regional Binding Adopted Pacific countries- European Commnuity

1989 Cooperation Agreement between the Arab States of the Gulf- Inter-regional Binding Adopted European Economic Community, of European Community the one part, and the countries parties to the Charter of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (the State of the United Arab Emirates, the State of Bahrain, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Sultanate of Oman, the State of Qatar and the State of Kuwait) of the other part

1990 Criteria for Sustainable Development United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Management: Towards Environmentally Sustainable Development

1990 Charter on a Regime of Multinational Preferential Trade Regional Binding Adopted Industrial Enterprises (MIEs) in the Area for Eastern and Preferential Trade Area for Eastern Southern African States and Southern African States

1984 Protocol A/P1/11/84 Relating to ECOWAS Regional Binding Adopted Community Enterprises and 1990 Supplementary Protocol A/Sp.2/5/90 on the Implementation of the Third Phase (Right of Establishment) of the Protocol on Free Movement of Persons, Right of Residence and Establishment

1991 Treaty Establishing the African African Economic Regional Binding Adopted Economic Community Community

1991 Decision 285 of the Commission of the Andean Community Regional Binding Adopted Cartagena Agreement: Rules and Regulations for Preventing or Correcting Distortions in Competition Caused by Practices that Restrict Free Trade Competition

1991 Decision 291 of the Commission of Andean Community Regional Binding Adopted the Cartagena Agreement: Common Code for the Treatment of Foreign Capital and on Trademarks, Patents, Licenses and Royalties

/... 212 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1991 Decision 292 of the Commission of the Andean Community Regional Binding Adopted Cartagena Agreement: Uniform Code on Andean Multinational Enterprises

1991 The Business Charter for Sustainable International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted Development: Principles for of Commerce Governmental Environmental Management

1992 Agreement on the European EC-EFTA Regional Binding Adopted Economic Area

1992 Guidelines on the Treatment of World Bank Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Foreign Direct Investment

1992 Articles of Agreement of the Islamic Islamic Conference Regional Binding Adopted Corporation for the Insurance of Investment and Export Credit

1992 North American Free Trade Agreement Canada, Mexico and Regional Binding Adopted the United States

1992 The CERES Principles CERES Non- Non-binding Adopted Governmental

1993 Framework Cooperation Agreement EC-Costa Rica, Inter-regional Binding Adopted between the European Economic El Salvador, Guatemala, Community and the Republics of Honduras, Nicaragua Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, and Panama Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama

1993 Permanent Court of Arbitration Optional Permanent Court Multilateral Binding Adopted Rules for Arbitrating Disputes between of Arbitration Two Parties of which only One is a State

1993 Revised Treaty of the Economic ECOWAS Regional Binding Adopted Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

1993 Framework Agreement for Cooperation EC-Andean Inter-regional Binding Adopted between the European Economic Community Community and the Cartagena Agreement and its Member Countries, namely the Republic of Bolivia, the Republic of Colombia, the Republic of Ecuador, the Republic of Peru and the Republic of Venezuela

1993 Treaty Establishing the Common Common Market Regional Binding Adopted Market for Eastern and for Eastern and Southern Africa Southern Africa

1994 Free Trade Agreement between Azerbaijan, Armenia, Regional Binding Adopted Azerbaijan, Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, Kazakhstan, the Russian Moldova, Kazakhstan, Federation, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, the Russian Federation, Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and the Kyrgyz Republic

1994 Free Trade Agreement between the Mexico-Bolivia Bilateral Binding Adopted United Mexican States and the Republic of Bolivia

1994 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico-Costa Rica Bilateral Binding Adopted Mexico and Costa Rica

/... ANNEX A 213

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1994 Treaty on Free Trade between the Colombia, Venezuela, Regional Binding Adopted Republic of Colombia, the Republic of Mexico Venezuela and the United Mexican States

1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing World Trade Multilateral Binding Adopted the World Trade Organization. Organization Annex 1A: Agreement on Trade- Related Investment Measures (1994)

1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Multilateral Binding Adopted World Trade Organization. Annex 1B: Organization General Agreement on Trade in Services

1994 Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Multilateral Binding Adopted World Trade Organization. Annex 1C: Organization Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994)

1994 Protocol of Colonia for the Reciprocal MERCOSUR Regional Binding Adopted Promotion and Protection of Investments in the MERCOSUR

1994 Protocol on Promotion and Protection MERCOSUR Regional Binding Adopted of Investments from States not Parties to MERCOSUR

1994 Agreement Among the Governments Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted of the Member States of the Caribbean Community for the Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion With Respect to Taxes on Income, Profits or Gains and Capital Gains and for the Encouragement of Regional Trade and Investment

1994 Recommendation of the OECD Council OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted on Bribery in International Business Transactions

1994 Free Trade Agreement of the Group Colombia, Mexico Regional Binding Adopted of Three and Venezuela

1994 APEC Non-Binding Investment Principles APEC Regional Non-binding Adopted

1994 Trade and Investment Agreement Australia-Mexico Bilateral Binding Adopted between the Government of Australia and the Government of the United Mexican States

1994 Energy Charter Treaty European Energy Regional Binding Adopted Charter Organisation

1995 Interregional Framework Cooperation EC- MERCOSUR Inter-regional Binding Adopted Agreement between the European Community and its Member States, of the one part, and the Southern Common Market and its Party States, of the other part

1995 ASEAN Framework Agreement ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted on Services

1995 Consumer Charter for Global Business Consumers International Non- Non-binding Adopted Governmental

/... 214 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1995 Pacific Basin Charter on International Pacific Basin Non- Non-binding Adopted Investments Economic Council Governmental

1995 Agreement between the Government of Canada- United States Bilateral Binding Adopted the United States of America and the Government of Canada regarding the Application of Their Competition and Deceptive Marketing Practice Laws

1995 Osaka Action Agenda on Implementation APEC Regional Non-binding Adopted of the Bogor Declaration

1996 Protocol to amend the 1987 Agreement ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted among ASEAN Member Countries for the Promotion and Protection of Investments

1996 Protocol on the Protection of MERCOSUR Regional Binding Adopted Competition of MERCOSUR

1996 Inter-American Convention Organization of Regional Binding Adopted Against Corruption American States

1996 Acuerdo de Complementación Chile-MERCOSUR Regional Binding Adopted Económica MERCOSUR-Chile

1996 Resolution 51/191. United Nations United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Declaration Against Corruption and General Assembly Bribery in International Commercial Transactions

1997 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico-Nicaragua Bilateral Binding Adopted Mexico and Nicaragua

1997 Fourth Protocol to the General WTO Multilateral Binding Adopted Agreement on Trade in Services (on Basic Telecommunications Services)

1997 Fifth Protocol to the General WTO Multilateral Binding Adopted Agreement on Trade in Services (on Financial Services)

1997 Protocol Amending the Treaty Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Establishing the Caribbean Community. Protocol II: Establishment, Services, Capital

1997 Draft NGO Charter on People’s Action Non- Non-binding Not adopted Transnational Corporations Network to Monitor Governmental Japanese TNCs

1997 United Nations General Assembly United Nations Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Resolution 52/87 on International General Assembly Cooperation against Corruption and Bribery in International Commercial Transactions

1997 Resolution (97) 24 on the Twenty Council of Europe Regional Non-binding Adopted Guiding Principles for the Fight Against Corruption

1997 OECD Convention on Combating OECD Regional Binding Adopted Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions

/... ANNEX A 215

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1991 Agreement between the Government of European Community- Bilateral Binding Adopted the United States of America and the United States Commission of the European Communities Regarding the Application of their Competition Laws and 1998 Agreement between the European Communities and the Government of the United States of America on the Application of Positive Comity Principles in the Enforcement of their Competition Laws

1998 Agreement Establishing the Free Trade Caribbean Community- Regional Binding Adopted Area between the Caribbean Community Dominican Republic and the Dominican Republic

1998 Free Trade Agreement between Chile-Mexico Bilateral Binding Adopted Chile and Mexico

1998 DECISION 439 of the Andean Andean Community Regional Binding Adopted Community: General Framework of Principles and Rules and for Liberalizing the Trade in Services in the Andean Community

1998 DECISION 40 of the Andean Community: Andean Community Regional Binding Adopted Approval of the Agreement Among Member Countries to Avoid Double Taxation and of the Standard Agreement for Executing Agreements on Double Taxation between Member Countries and Other States Outside the Subregion

1998 Protocol Amending the Treaty Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Establishing the Caribbean Community. Protocol III: Industrial Policy.

1998 Framework Agreement on the ASEAN ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted Investment Area

1998 Trade and Investment Cooperation Canada and Regional Binding Adopted Arrangement between Canada MERCOSUR and MERCOSUR

1998 Memorandum of Understanding on Canada and Central Regional Non-binding Adopted Trade and Investment between the American countries Governments Canada, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua

1998 OECD Council Recommendation on OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted Counteracting Harmful Tax Competition

1998 OECD Council Recommendation OECD Regional Non-binding Adopted Concerning Effective Action Against Hard Core Cartels

1998 Draft Multilateral Agreement OECD Regional Binding Not adopted on Investment

1998 ILO Declaration on Fundamental International Multilateral Non-binding Adopted Principles and Rights at Work Labour Office

1998 Draft International Agreement Consumer Unity Non- Non-binding Not adopted on Investment & Trust Society Governmental

/... 216 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1998 Towards a Citizens’ MAI: an Alternative Council of Canadians Non- Non-binding Adopted Approach to Developing a Global Governmental Investment Treaty Based on Citizen’s Rights and Democratic Control

1999 Resolution of the European Parliament European Parliament Regional Non-binding Adopted on European Union Standards for European Enterprises Operating in Developing Countries: towards a European Code of Conduct

1999 Criminal Law Convention on Corruption Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted

1999 OECD Principles of Corporate OECD Regional Non-binding Approved Governance

1999 Model Clauses for Use in Contracts International Chamber Model Non-binding Adopted Involving Transborder Data Flows of Commerce

1999 Core Standards World Development Non- Non-binding Not adopted Movement Governmental

1999 Rules and Recommendations on International Chamber Non- Non-binding Adopted Extortion and Bribery in International of Commerce Governmental Business Transactions (1999 Revised Version)

1999 Agreement on Customs Union and Kyrgyz Republic, the Regional Binding Adopted Single Economic Area between the Russian Federation, Kyrgyz Republic, the Russian the Republic of Belarus, Federation, the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Kazakhstan and the Republic of Tajikistan Republic of Tajikistan

1999 Civil Law Convention on Corruption Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted

1999 The Treaty Establishing the East East African Regional Binding Adopted African Community Community

1982 Agreement between the Government of Australia- Bilateral Binding Adopted the United States of America and the United States Government of Australia Relating to Cooperation on Antitrust Matters and 1999 Agreement between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Australia on Mutual Antitrust Enforcement Assistance

1999 Agreement between the Government Brazil-United States Bilateral Binding Adopted of the United States of America and the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil Regarding Cooperation Between Their Competition Authorities in the Enforcement of Their Competition Laws

1999 Agreement between the European Canada-Eurpean Union Bilateral Binding Adopted Communities and the Government of Canada Regarding the Application of their Competition Laws

1999 Agreement between the Government of Japan- Bilateral Binding Adopted the United States of America and the United States Government of Japan Concerning Cooperation on Anticompetitive Activities

/... ANNEX A 217

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (continued)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

1999 Free Trade Agreement between the Chile-Central Regional Binding Adopted Governments of Central America and the American countries Government of the Republic of Chile 1999 Short-Term Measures to Enhance ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted Asean Investment Climate 2000 Free Trade Agreement between Mexico, The Northern Triangle Regional Binding Adopted El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras 2000 Revised OECD Declaration on OECD Regional Binding/ Adopted International Investment and non-bindingc Multilateral Enterprises (including the Revised Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and commentaries) 2000 Revised United Nations Model United Nations Multilateral Model Adopted Taxation Convention between Developed and Developing Countries 2000 Agreement between New Zealand New Zealand- Bilateral Binding Adopted and Singapore on Closer Singapore Economic Partnership 2000 Protocol VIII of the Caribbean Community: Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Competition Policy, Consumer Protection, Dumping and Subsidies Amending the Treaty of Chaguaramas 2000 Revised Partnership Agreement between the African, Caribbean Regional Binding Adopted Members of the African, Caribbean and and the Pacific- Pacific Group of States of the One Part, European community and the European Community and Its Member States, of The Other Part 2001 European Convention on the Legal Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted Protection of Services Based on, or Consisting of, Conditional Access 2001 Additional Protocol to the Convention Council of Europe Regional Binding Adopted for the Protection of Individuals with Regard to Automatic Processing of Personal Data Regarding Supervisory Authorities and Transborder Data Flows 2001 Convention Establishing the European EFTA Regional Binding Adopted Free Trade Association (Amendment) 2001 Protocol to Amend the Framework ASEAN Regional Binding Adopted Agreement on the ASEAN Investment Area 2001 Revised Treaty of Chaguaramas Caribbean Community Regional Binding Adopted Establishing the Caribbean Community Including the CARICOM Single Market and Economy 2001 Free Trade Agreement between the Canada-Costa Rica Bilateral Binding Adopted Government of Canada and the Government of the Republic of Costa Rica 2002 Agreement between Japan and The Japan-Singapore Bilateral Binding Adopted Republic of Singapore for a New-Age Economic Partnership (JSEPA) 2002 Free Trade Agreement between the Panama-Central Regional Binding Adopted Central America and Panama American countries 2002 Treaty on Investment and trade in Costa Rica, El Salvador, Regional Binding Adopted Services between Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua and Nicaragua /... 218 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.13. Main international instrumentsa dealing with FDI, 1948-2003 (concluded)

Yearb Title Setting Level Form Status

2002 ASEAN-China Framework Agreement on ASEAN-China Bilateral Binding Adopted Comprehensive Economic Cooperation 2003 Free Trade Agreement between the Chile-Korea Bilateral Binding Adopted Government of the Republic of Chile and the Government of the Republic of Korea 2003 Singapore-Australia Free Trade Singapore-Australia Bilateral Binding Adopted Agreement (SAFTA) ACP - EU ACP - EU Inter-regional Under negotiation Algeria - United States Algeria - United States Bilateral Under negotiation Andean Community - Canada Andean Community - Canada Bilateral Under negotiation Andean Community - Mercosur Andean Community - Mercosur Inter-regional Under negotiation Andean Community - Panama FTA Andean Community - Panama Bilateral Under negotiation ASEAN - India ASEAN - India Bilateral Under negotiation ASEAN - Japan ASEAN - Japan Bilateral Under consultation Brazil - Russian Federation Brazil - Russian Federation Bilateral Under negotiation CACM - Canada Central American countries - Canada Bilateral Under negotiation CACM - United States Central American countries - United States Bilateral Under negotiation Canada - CARICOM Canada - CARICOM Bilateral Under negotiation Canada - Dominican Republic Canada - Dominican Republic Bilateral Under negotiation Canada - Singapore FTA Canada - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation CARICOM - EFTA CARICOM - EFTA Inter-regional Under negotiation CARICOM - EU CARICOM - EU Inter-regional Under negotiation Chile - EFTA FTA Chile - EFTA Bilateral Under negotiation Chile - Japan FTA Chile - Japan Bilateral Under consultation Chile - New Zealand Chile - New Zealand Bilateral Under negotiation China - Japan Japan - China Bilateral Under consultation Costa Rica - Panama Costa Rica - Panama Bilateral Under negotiation Ecuador - Mexico Ecuador -Mexico Bilateral Under negotiation EU - Mercosur EU - Mercosur Inter-regional Under negotiation Free Trade of the Americas (FTAA) Americas Regional Under negotiation India - Singapore FTA India - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation Japan - Republic of Korea FTA Japan - Korea FTA Bilateral Under consultation Japan - Malaysia Japan - Malaysia Bilateral Under consultation Japan - Mexico FTA Japan - Mexico Bilateral Under negotiation Japan - Thailand Japan - Thailand Bilateral Under consultation Jordan - Singapore FTA Jordan - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation Mexico - Panama FTA Mexico - Panama Bilateral Under negotiation Mexico - Peru FTA Mexico - Peru Bilateral Under negotiation Mexico - Singapore FTA Mexico - Singapore Bilateral Under negotiation Mexico - Trinidad and Tobago FTA Mexico - Trinidad and Tobago Bilateral Under negotiation Singapore - ASEAN - China FTA Singapore - ASEAN - China Pluraliteral Under negotiation Southern African Customs Union SACU Member countries - (SACU) - United States Agreement United States Bilateral Under negotiation Uruguay - United States FTA Uruguay - United States Bilateral Under negotiation

Source: UNCTAD. The instruments listed here are reproduced in whole or in part in UNCTAD, International Investment Instruments: A Compendium, vols. I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X and XI (United Nations publication, Sales Nos. E.96.II.A.9.10.11, E.00.II.D.13. 14, E.01.II.D.34, E.02.II.D.14, E.02.II.D.15, E.02.II.D.16, E.02.II.D. 21 and forthcoming). a Bilateral treaties for the promotion and protection of investment (BITs) and for the avoidance of double taxation (DTTs) are not included in this table. For a list of BITs, as of 1 January 2000, see Bilateral Investment Treaties, 1959-1999 (UNCTAD/DITE/IIA/2), available on the Internet: www.unctad.org/en/pub/poiteiiad2.en.htm. The most recent list of BITs and DTTs (as of 1 January 2003) is available on the Internet: www.unctad.org. The list of bilateral association, partnership and cooperation agreements signed by the European Community and/or the European Free Trade Association and third countries, and including investment provisions, is available in a separate table (Annex table A.I.14). b Dates given relate to original adoption. Subsequent revisions of instruments are not included, unless explicitly stated. c The OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises is a political undertaking supported by legally binding Decisions of the Council. The Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises are non-binding standards. ANNEX A 219

Annex table A.I.14. Bilateral association, cooperation, framework and partnership agreements including investment-related provisions, signed by the European Community, by the European Free Trade Association, by the United States and by Canada with third countries, as of July 2003

Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force

European Community and its member States Malta 5 December 1970 1 April 1971 Jordan 18 January 1977 1 January 1979 Syrian Arab Republic 18 January 1977 1 January 1978 China 21 May 1985 1 October 1985 Pakistan 23 July 1985 1 May 1986 Argentina 2 April 1990 1 November 1990 Uruguay 4 November 1991 1 January 1994 Hungary 16 December 1991 1 February 1994 Poland 19 September 1989a … Poland 16 December 1991 1 February 1994 San Marino 16 December 1991 Not yet in force Paraguay 3 February 1992 1 March 1992 Albania 11 May 1992 1 December 1992 Mongolia 16 June 1992 1 March 1993 Brazil 26 June 1992 1 November 1995 Macao 5 June 1992 Not yet in force Romania 22 October 1990a … Romania 1 February 1993 1 February 1995 Czechoslovakia 16 December 1991a … Czech Republic 4 October 1993 1 February 1995 Bulgaria 8 May 1990a … Bulgaria 8 March 1993 1 February 1995 Slovakia 4 October 1993 1 February 1993 India 23 June 1981a … India 20 December 1993 1 August 1994 Ukraine 14 June 1994 1 February 1998 Soviet Union 8 December 1989a Russian Federation 24 June 1994 1 December 1997 Sri Lanka 2 July 1975a Sri Lanka 18 July 1994 2nd quarter 1995 Republic of Moldova 28 November 1994 1 July 1998 Kazakhstan 23 January 1995 1 July 1999 Kyrgyzstan 9 February 1995 1 July 1999 Belarus 6 March 1995 Not yet in force Turkey 12 September 1963a 1 December 1964 Latvia 11 May 1992a 1 February 1993 Latvia 12 June 1995 1 February 1998 Lithuania 11 May 1992a 1 February 1993 Lithuania 12 June 1995 1 February 1998 Estonia 11 May 1992a 1 March 1993 Estonia 12 June 1995 1 February 1998 Tunisia 25 April 1976a 1 November 1978 Tunisia 17 July 1995 1 March 1998 Viet Nam 17 July 1995 1 June 1996 Israel 11 May 1975 1 July 1975 Israel 20 November 1995 1 June 2000 Nepal 20 November 1995 1 June 1996 Morocco 27 April 1976 1 November 1978 Morocco 26 February 1996 … Armenia 22 April 1996 1 July 1999 Azerbaijan 22 April 1996 1 July 1999 Georgia 22 April 1996 1 July 1999

/... 220 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.14. (continued)

Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force

Slovenia 5 April 1993 1 September 1993 Slovenia 10 June 1996 1 February 1999 Uzbekistan 21 June 1996 1 July 1999 Republic of Korea 28 October 1996 1 March 2000 Cambodia 29 April 1996 1 November 1999 Palestine Authority 24 February 1997 1 July 1997 Lao People’s Democratic Republic 29 April 1997 1 December 1997 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 29 April 1997 1 January 1998 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 9 April 2001 ... Yemen 25 November 1997 … Turkmenistan 25 May 1998 Not yet in force South Afirca 11 October 1999 Not yet in force Bangladesh 19 October 1978 1 December 1976 Bangladesh 22 May 2000 ... Mexico 8 December 1997 1 January 2000 Mexico 27 February 2001 1 March 2001 Egypt 18 January 1977 1 January 1979 Egypt 30 April 2001 Not yet in force Croatia 29 October 2001 … Algeria 26 April 1976 1 January 1978 Algeria 22 April 2002 … Lebanon 3 May 1977 1 November 1978 Lebanon 17 June 2002 Not yet in force Lebanond 17 June 2002 Not yet in force Chile 18 November 2002 … Chile 21 June 1996 1 February 1999

European Free Trade Association and its member States Turkey 10 December 1991 1 April 1992 Israel 17 September 1992 1 January 1992 Poland 10 December 1992 1 September 1993 Romania 10 December 1992 1 May 1993 Bulgaria 29 March 1993 1 July 1993 Hungary 29 March 1993 1 October 1993 Czech Republic 20 March 1992 1 July 1992c Slovakia 20 March 1992 1 July 1992c Slovenia 13 June 1995 1 September 1998 Estonia 7 December 1995 1 October 1997 Latvia 7 December 1995 1 June 1996 Lithuania 7 December 1995 1 January 1997 Morocco 19 June 1997 1 December 1999 Palestine Authority 30 November 1998 1 July 1999 Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of 19 June 2000 1 January 2001 Mexico 27 November 2000 … Croatia 21 June 2001 … Jordan 21 June 2001 ... Singapore 26 June 2002 … Chile 26 June 2003 ...

United States Philippines 11 June 1989 … Morocco 16 March 1995 … Israel 22 April 1985 1 September 1985 Taiwan Province of China 19 September 1994 … Indonesia 18 June 1996 … Central America 20 March 1998 … Andean Community 30 October 1998 …

/... ANNEX A 221

Annex table A.I.14. (concluded)

Country/territory/group of countries Date of signature Date of entry into force

Egypt 1 July 1999 1 July 1999 Egyptb 1 July 1999 1 July 1999 Ghana 26 February 1999 26 February 1999 South Africa 18 February 1999 18 February 1999 Turkey 29 September 1999 11 February 2000 Jordan 24 October 2000 24 October 2000 Nigeria 16 February 2000 16 February 2000 Viet Nam 13 July 2000 … Algeria 13 July 2001 … COMESA 1 October 2001 … West African Economic and Monetary Union 24 April 2002 … Bahrain 18 July 2002 … Sri Lanka 25 July 2002 … Brunei Darussalam 16 December 2002 … Thailand 23 October 2002 … Tunisia 2 October 2002 Chile 19 May 1998 … Chile 11 December 2002 … Singapore 24 June 2003 … Pakistan 25 June 2003 ...

Canada

ASEAN 28 July 1993 … Ukraine 24 October 1994 … Australia 15 November 1995 … Chile 5 December 1996 5 July 1997 Norway 3 December 1997 … Switzerland 9 December 1997 … Iceland 24 March 1998 … MERCOSUR 16 June 1998 … South Africa 24 September 1998 … Andean Community 31 May 1999 … Costa Rica 23 April 2001 1 November 2002

Source: UNCTAD. a No longer in force. b Investment Incentive Agreement between the Government of the United States and the Government of the Arab Republic of Egypt. c Signed with former CSFR on 20 March 1992. Protocols of the succession of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic were signed and entered into force on 19 April 1993 simultaneously. d Interim Agreement on Trade and Trade-related Matters between the European Community, of the One Part, and the Republic of Lebanon, of the Other Part. 222 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.I.15. Number of parent corporations and foreign affiliates, by region and economy, latest available year (Number)

Parent Foreign Parent Foreign corporations affiliates corporations affiliates based in located in a a based in located in Region/economy Year economy economy Region/economy Year economy a economy a b b Developed economies 49 048 105 830 Mozambique 2002 5 u 27 Namibia 2002 .. 7 Western Europe 39 715 77 415 Niger 2002 1 u 5 f b b Nigeria 2002 48 66 European Union 34 291 65 460 Rwanda 2002 .. 2 Austria 2001 935 2 607 c u d d Senegal 2002 6 42 Belgium/Luxembourg 1997 988 1 504 Seychelles 1998 - 30 Denmark 1998 9 356 2 305 e u f c, e Sierra Leone 2002 1 6 Finland 2001 900 2 030 Somalia 2002 1 u .. France 2000 1 922 9 473 g South Africa 1998 941 2 044 Germany 2000 8 522 13 826 Sudan 2002 2 u 4 Greece 2001 155 697 Swaziland 2002 12 61 Ireland 2001 39 h 1 225 i u j j Togo 2002 3 9 Italy 1999 1 017 1 843 Tunisia 2002 142 v 2 503 w Netherlands k 1998 1 608 3 132 c u l United Republic of Tanzania 2002 15 38 Portugal 2001 600 3 000 Uganda 2002 .. 34 Spain 1998 857 m 7 465 x n c Zambia 1999 2 1 179 Sweden 2002 4 260 4 656 Zimbabwe 1998 8 36 United Kingdom o 2002 3 132 13 828 b b b b Latin America and the Caribbean 2 022 45 383 Other Western Europe 5 424 11 955 Antigua and Barbuda 2002 .. 10 Gibraltar 2002 .. 21 Argentina 2002 .. 1 123 Iceland 2000 18 55 Aruba 2002 .. 29 Malta 2002 .. 1 000 p Bahamas 2002 .. 117 Norway 1998 900 5 105 Barbados 2002 .. 99 Switzerland 1995 4 506 5 774 Belize 2002 .. 7 b b Bermuda 2002 .. 240 North America 4 674 19 437 Bolivia 1996 .. 257 Canada 1999 1 439 3 725 c q r Brazil 1998 1 225 8 050 United States 2000 3 235 15 712 British Virgin Islands 2002 .. 129 b b Cayman Islands 2002 .. 283 Other developed countries 4 659 6 847 Chile 1998 478 y 3 173 z Australia 2001 682 2 352 Colombia 1995 302 2 220 Israel 2002 .. 30 s t Costa Rica 2002 .. 154 Japan 2002 3 760 3 359 Dominica 2002 .. 5 New Zealand 1998 217 1 106 Dominican Republic 2002 .. 113 b b Ecuador 2002 .. 165 Developing economies 13 936 517 611 El Salvador 2002 .. 310 b b Grenada 2002 .. 10 Africa 1 202 7 049 Guatemala 1985 .. 287 Algeria 2002 .. 14 f u Guyana 2002 4 56 Angola 2002 2 31 Haiti 2002 3 u 11 Benin 2002 .. 10 Honduras 2002 .. 49 Botswana 2002 .. 10 u Jamaica 1998 .. 177 Burkina Faso 2002 1 14 Mexico 2002 .. 25 708 Burundi 2002 .. 3 Netherlands Antilles 2002 .. 145 Cameroon 2002 .. 60 Nicaragua 2002 .. 34 Central African Republic 2002 .. 5 Panama 2002 .. 384 Chad 2002 .. 5 Paraguay 1995 .. 109 Congo 2002 .. 25 Peru 1997 10 aa 1 183 ab Côte d’Ivoire 2002 .. 120 St. Kitts and Nevis 2002 .. 5 Congo, Democratic Republic of the 2002 4 u 6 u Saint Lucia 2002 .. 19 Djibouti 2002 1 6 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2002 .. 10 Egypt 1999 .. 99 Suriname 2002 .. 10 Equatorial Guinea 2002 .. 3 ac u Trinidad and Tobago 1999 .. 65 Ethiopia 2002 4 14 Uruguay 2002 .. 164 ad Gabon 2002 .. 39 Venezuela 2002 .. 473 Gambia 2002 .. 5 Ghana 2002 .. 62 Asia 10 685 b 464 631 b Guinea 2002 .. 15 South, East and South-East Asia 9 934 b 445 272 b Guinea-Bissau 2002 .. 2 Afghanistan 2002 .. 4 Kenya 2002 .. 123 Bangladesh 2002 10 u 13 Lesotho 2002 .. 1 Bhutan 1997 .. 2 Liberia 2002 .. 11 Brunei Darussalam 2002 .. 16 Madagascar 2002 .. 28 Cambodia 1997 .. 598 ae Malawi 2002 .. 6 China 2002 350 af 363 885 ag Mali 2002 1 u 8 ah u Hong Kong, China 2001 948 9 132 Mauritania 2002 2 2 India 1995 187 ai 1 416 Mauritius 2002 .. 35 Indonesia 1995 313 2 241 aj Morocco 2002 .. 194 Lao People’s Democratic Rep. 1997 .. 669 ak ANNEX A 223

Annex table A.I.15. Number of parent corporations and foreign affiliates, by region and economy, latest available year (concluded) (Number)

Parent Foreign Parent Foreign corporations affiliates corporations affiliates based in located in based in located in Region/economy Year economy a economy a Region/economy Year economy a economy a

Macau 2001 .. 560 Kyrgzstan 1998 .. 4 004 ax Malaysia 1999 .. 15 567 al Uzbekistan 2002 .. 12 Maldives 2002 .. 1 The Pacific 27 b 548 b Mongolia 1998 .. 1 400 Fiji 2002 2 151 x Myanmar 2002 .. 6 Kiribati 2002 .. 1 Nepal 2002 1 u 6 New Caledonia 2002 .. 3 Pakistan 2001 59 am 582 Papua New Guinea 1998 .. 345 ay Philippines 1995 .. 14 802 an Samoa 2002 7 u 8 Republic of Korea 2002 7 460 ao 12 909 Solomon Islands 2002 7 u 16 Singapore 2002 .. 14 052 ap Tonga 2002 .. 5 Sri Lanka 1998 .. 305 aq Vanuatu 2002 11 u 19 Taiwan Province of China 2001 606 ar 2 841 Thailand 1998 .. 2 721 as Central and Eastern Europe 850 b 242 678 b Viet Nam 1996 .. 1 544 Albania 1995 .. 2 422 az Belarus 1994 .. 393 West Asia 751 b 11 672 b Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 .. 16 Bahrain 2002 .. 36 Bulgaria 2000 26 h 7 153 ba Cyprus 2002 .. 3 185 Croatia 1997 70 353 Iran 2002 .. 28 Czech Republic 1999 660 x 71 385 bb Jordan 2002 .. 13 Estonia 1999 .. 3 066 bc Kuwait 2002 .. 16 Hungary 2000 .. 26 645 bd Lebanon 2002 .. 58 Latvia 2002 .. 210 Oman 1995 92 at 351 at Lithuania 1999 16 ag 1 893 Qatar 2002 .. 16 Poland 2001 58 h 14 469 be Saudi Arabia 1989 .. 1 461 Republic of Moldova 2002 .. 2 402 bf Syrian Arab Republic 2002 .. 8 Romania 2002 20 h 89 911 bg Turkey 2002 653 6 311 Russian Federation 1994 .. 7 793 United Arab Emirates 2002 .. 185 Serbia and Montenegro 2002 .. 22 Yemen 2002 6 u 4 Slovakia 1997 .. 5 560 bh Slovenia 2000 .. 1 617 bi Central Asia - 7 687 b TFYR Macedonia 1999 .. 7 362 Armenia 1999 .. 1 604 au Ukraine 1999 .. 7 362 Azerbaijan 2002 .. 12 Georgia 1998 .. 190 av World 63 834 866 119 Kazakhstan 1999 .. 1 865 aw

Source: UNCTAD, based on national sources. a Represents the number of parent companies/foreign affiliates in the economy shown, as defined by that economy. Deviations from the definition adopted in the World Investment Report (see section on definitions and sources in the annex B) are noted below. The data for Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Aruba, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Barbados, Belize, Benin, Bermuda, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Gibraltar, Grenada, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Malta, Mauritania, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Netherlands Antilles, New Caledonia, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Panama, Qatar, Rwanda, Senegal, Serbia and Montenegro, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, St. Lucia, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Vincent and the Grenadines, Sudan, Suriname, Syria, TFYR Macedonia, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Western Samoa are from Who Owns Whom CD-Rom 2003 ( London, Dun & Bradstreet). Syria, Togo, Tonga, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, United Republic of Tanzania, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Venezuela and Western Samoa are from Who Owns Whom CD-Rom 2003 ( London, Dun & Bradstreet). b Includes data only for the countries shown below. c Majority-owned foreign affiliates. d Provisional figures by Banque Nationale de Belgique. e Directly and indirectly owned foreign affiliates (subsidiaries and associates), excluding branches. f As of 1999. g 2001; does not include the number of foreign-owned holding companies in Germany which, in turn, hold participating interests in Germany (indirect foreign participating interests). h As of 1994. i Refers to the number of foreign-owned affiliates in Ireland in manufacturing and services activities which receive assistance from the Investment and Development Authority (IDA). j Relates to parent companies and foreign affiliates industrial activities (based on Consiglio Nazionale dell’Economia e del Lavoro, “Italia Multinazionale, 2000, inward and outward FDI in the Italian industry in 1998 and 1999” April 2002. k Data for parent corporation, as of October 1993. Data for foreign affiliates refer to majority-owned affiliates and are taken from OECD. l 2000. m Includes those Spanish parent enterprises which are controlled, at the same time, by a direct investor. n Data provided by Sveriges Riksbank. Includes those Swedish parent companies which are controlled, at the same time, by a direct investor. o Data on the number of parent companies based in the United Kingdom, and the number of foreign affiliates in the United Kingdom are based on the register of companies held for inquiries on the United Kingdom FDI abroad, and FDI into the United Kingdom conducted by the Central Statistical Office. On that basis, the numbers are probably understated because of the lags in identifying investment in greenfield sites and because some companies with small presence in the United Kingdom and abroad have not yet been identified. p Refers to Norwegian non-financial joint-stock companies with foreign shareholders owning more than 10 per cent of total shares in 1998. q Represents a total of 2,466 non-bank parent companies in 2000 and 60 bank parent companies in 1994 with at least one foreign affiliate whose 224 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

assets, sales or net income exceeded $3 million, and 709 non-bank and bank parent companies in 1994 whose affiliate(s) had assets, sales and net income under $3 million. Each parent company represents a fully consolidated United States business enterprise, which may consist of a number of individual companies. r Represents a total of 9,368 non-bank affiliates in 2000 and 438 bank affiliates in 1997 whose assets, sales or net income exceeded $3 million, and 5,906 bank and non-bank affiliates in 1996 with assets, sales, net income less than or equal to $3 million. Each affiliate represents a fully consolidated United States business entreprise, which may consist of a number of individual companies. s Japanese firms with at least two foreign affiliates that have a more than 20 per cent equity share. Source: Toyokeizai, Kaigai Shinshutsu Kigyo Soran 2002 (Tokyo: Toyokeizai Shinposha, 2002). t Number of foreign affiliates in late 2000. Source: Toyokeizai, Gaishikei Kigyo Soran 2001 (Tokyo: Toyokeizai Shimposha, 2001), The 35th Survey of Overseas Business Activities. u 2001. v 1999. w Provisional. x 1997. y Estimated by Comite de Inversiones Extranjeras. z Number of foreign companies registered under DL600. aa Less than 10. ab Out of this number, 811 are majority-owned foreign affiliates, while 159 affiliates have less than 10 per cent equity share. ac An equity stake of 25 per cent or more of the ordinary shares or voting power. ad Number of enterprises included in the Central Bank survey (all sectors). ae Number of projects approved, both domestic and foreign, since August 1994. af In 2002, 350 companies invested abroad. The accumulative number of companies that invested abroad was 6,960. ag As of 2000, Cumulative number of registered industrial enterprises with foreign capital. ah Number of regional headquarters as at 1 June 2002. ai As of 1991. aj As of 1996. ak Number of projects licensed since 1988 up to end 1997. al May 1999. Refers to companies with foreign equity stakes of 51 per cent and above. Of this, 3,787 are fully owned foreign affiliates. am 1998. an This figure refers to directly and indirectly owned foreign affiliates. ao As of 1999. Data refer to the number of investment projects abroad. ap Number of wholly owned foreign companies. aq Number of projects approved under section 17 of the BOI law which provides for incentives. ar Number of approved new investment projects abroad in 1998. as Data refer to the number of BOI-promoted companies which have been issued promotion certificates during the period 1960-1998, having at least 10 per cent of foreign equity participation. at As of May 1995. au Accumulated number of joint ventures and foreign enterprises registered as of 1 November 1999. av Number of cases of approved investments of more than 100,000 dollars registered during the period of January 1996 up to March 1998. aw Joint ventures and foreign firms operating in the country. ax Joint venture companies established in the economy. ay Number of applications received since 1993. az 1,532 joint ventures and 890 wholly-owned foreign affiliates. ba The number refers to registered investment projects between 1992 and 2000, Bulgarian Foreign Investment Agency, January 2002. bb Out of this number 53,775 are fully-owned foreign affiliates. Includes joint ventures. bc As of 15 March 1999. Only registered affiliates with the Estonian Commercial Register. bd Source: Hungary Statistics Office. be Cumulative number of companies with foreign capital share which participated in the statistical survey. bf Number of enterprises with foreign participation set up in Moldova as of 1 January 2002. bg Data refer to the cumulative number of companies with FDI as at end-December 2002. bh Includes joint ventures with local firms. bi Source: Bank of Slovenia.

Note: The data can vary significantly from preceding years, as data become available for countries that had not been covered before, as definitions change, or as older data are updated. ANNEX A 225

Annex table A.II.1. Asia and the Pacific: sources of FDI finance in selected economies, 1999-2002 (Millions of dollars)

1999 2000 Total Total FDI Other Reinvested FDI Other Reinvested Economy inflows Equity capitala earnings inflows Equity capital a earnings

Brunei Darusssalam 747 656 87 4 550 209 321 20 China 38 753 16 772 9 783 12 198 38 399 20 841 1 536 16 022 Indonesia -2 746 1 110 -3 856 .. -4 450 992 -5 442 .. Hong Kong (China) 24 581 4 315 8 126 12 140 61 939 32 955 9 695 19 289 Kazakhstan 1 587 316 1 093 178 1 283 272 536 474 Republic of Korea 9 333 8 889 444 .. 9 283 8 282 1 001 .. Taiwan Province of China 2 926 2 346 -69 649 4 928 4 493 -86 521 Malaysia 3 895 1 512 476 1 907 3 788 674 112 3 002 Philippines 1 734 1 145 219 370 1 354 1 024 504 -174 Singapore 12 825 7 951 1 252 3 622 5 389 1 342 -19 4 066 Thailand 6 149 6 139 10 .. 3 366 3 402 -36 .. Papua New Guinea 297 274 -1 24 96 74.6 -0.4 21.7

2001 2002 Total Total FDI Other Reinvested FDI Other Reinvested Economy inflows Equity capitala earnings inflows Equity capital a earnings

Brunei Darusssalam 527 218 287 22 684 351 332 .. China 44 241 27 361 2 199 14 681 52 700 ...... Indonesia -3 278 688 -3 966 .. -1 522 1 817 -3 339 .. Hong Kong (China) 23 776 7 717 3 705 12 354 13 718 ...... Kazakhstan 2 763 539 1 775 449 2 561 ...... Republic of Korea 3 528 3 189 339 .. 1 972 1 686 286 .. Taiwan Province of China 4 109 3 737 10 362 1 455 1 121 82 242 Malaysia 554 -854 -1 083 2 491 3 203 -204 -5 3 413 Philippines 1 537 628 421 488 494 945 -571 120 Singapore 10 916 9800b 1 117 .. 6 102 7 661b -1 559 .. Thailand 3 820 2 626 1 194 .. 735 307 427 .. Papua New Guinea 63 45.3 -0.6 17.8 ......

Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database. a Mainly consists of intra-company loans. b Includes reinvested earnings. 226 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.II.2. Asia and the Pacific: rates of returna on FDI, selected economies, 1999-2001 (Per cent)

Region/economy 1999 2000 2001

World average 7.1 6.8 5.5 Developed countries average 7.4 7.1 5.7 Developing economies average 4.6 4.3 4.2 Azerbaijan 0.1 9.3 8.6 China 5.6 6.2 5.8 Hong Kong (China) 13.6 12.5 11.5 Indonesia 5.5 5.7 5.4 Kazakhstan 3.2 9.6 9.0 Republic of Korea 3.0 3.1 3.3 Malaysia 11.5 14.1 11.2 Pakistan 3.4 6.1 7.0 Papua New Guinea 13.6 10.1 10.1 Philippines 3.6 9.5 8.8

Source: UNCTAD. a The estimated rates of return were calculated based on direct investment income divided by the average FDI stock between the beginning and end of a particular year. The data for 2002 were not yet available. ANNEX A 227 /... sectors that facilitates regional production network and division of labour leading to opportunities for exploitation of economies of scale in production and synergies functions in the region of origin and greater involvement in the regional integration process TNCs to establish for foreign investment could influence specific production activity in host location fishery and mining manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, sectors can be expected service the regional market investment decision in favour of the region. Greater information provisions, transparency and investment facilitation measures could contribute to this TNCs plan their and commitments may help investment in the region Better utilization of regional location complementation that facilitates regional production network and division of labour leading to opportunities for exploiting economies of scale in production and synergies functions, including specialization of activities along value chain arrangement • Better utilization of regional location complementation • Greater market access and enlargement • Consolidation and rationalization of production • Improve corporate competitiveness • Localization of production, influenced by the 40% rules • The liberalization programme and opening up of • More corporate investment in services incidental to the • location to manufacture TNCs may invest in efficient •TNCs Lower transaction cost could influence • Greater certainty from binding liberalization schedules • Greater market access and enlargement • Consolidation and rationalization of production • Improving corporate competitiveness • Market seeking (trade-led investment and regional market- oriented) seeking (cost Efficiency reduction and export-oriented) opening up of resource sectors) Resource seeking (through opening up of resource sectors for FDI) Market seeking (regional production networks and investment) seeking Efficiency • Resource seeking (due to • Market seeking • seeking Efficiency • Resource seeking • Production network • • • • • Effects on types of FDI (the regional Effects instrument may lead to an increase in the following types of FDI) on intra- Trade measures Trade Investment measures expeditious customs clearance green lane) (AFTA Elimination of tariff and non-tariff barriers Elimination of tariff facilitation measures Trade - harmonization of customs procedures, - products standard and conformance - mutual recognition arrangement Rules of origin 40% regional content Grant national treatment Open up of industries/liberalization Sectors covered: manufacturing, agriculture, forestry, mining, and services incidental to these five fishery, sectors Transparency Investment facilitation and promotion of the region for FDI Investment protection Reduce or eliminate investment impediments ASEAN as an investment region Joint promotion of regime that facilitates and promotes FDI facilitation measures such as simplification of customs procedures and mutual recognition arrangements • by 2010 Establish a FTA • barriers and non-tariff Progressive elimination of tariffs • Progressive liberalization of trade in services • Establishment of an open and competitive investment • trade and investment Establishment of effective • Other investment measures (currently being negotiated) • • • • • • • • • • • Annex table A.II.3. Asia and the Pacific: possible effects of selected regional agreements on FDI of selected regional agreements Asia and the Pacific: possible effects A.II.3. Annex table Increase ASEAN’s competitiveness as a production base Increase intra-regional trade Promote FDI Deepen regional economic cooperation and regional integration realize a competitive and To attractive area for FDI Increase FDI Support regional integration process Strengthen and enhance economic, trade and investment cooperation Progressively liberalize and promote trade, services and investment Facilitate more effective economic ASEAN integration of the newer Member States and bridge the development gap • • • • • • • • • • b a ASEAN Investment Area(AIA) Agreement signed in 1992 and established on 1 January 2002 Agreement signed in 1998 and established (for the manufacturing sector first) on 1 January 2003. ASEAN-China Comprehensive Economic Cooperationc (ASEAN-China FTA) Agreement signed in to be 2002 and the FTA realized within 10 years. Name/dateArea Trade ASEAN Free (AFTA) Objectives Key elements regional and from outside the region on corporate strategies Effects 228 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives Potential influence on regional market oriented investment strategies Greater opportunities for investment and trade- investment related activities Localization of production to meet local content rules. TNCs may invest in a more efficient location As such and probably also in a host country with large market size as well labour supply. Opportunities for trade-led investment in: - and clothing Textiles - Drugs and pharmaceuticals - and jewellery Gems - Horticultural and floricultural products - Processed food - Automotive industry and parts - tea and coffee Rubber, - Coconut and spices Localization of production, influenced by the need to observe the 50% rules of origin Opportunities for trade-investment related activities in servicing a larger market • • • • • • Nam. The Agreement was supported by further trade facilitation The Nam. and Viet Nam. and Viet am. SAARC represents the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation. Asian the South SAARC represents uru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Vanuatu Tuvalu, Tonga, uru, Niue, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tariff jumping Tariff Market seeking Resource seeking seeking Efficiency Market seeking Resource seeking seeking Efficiency Market seeking Resource seeking seeking Efficiency • • • • • • • • • • Effects on types of FDI (the regional Effects instrument may lead to an increase in the following types of FDI) on intra- Exchanging concessions and granting preferential trading arrangements one area procedures and practices trade and investment tourism visa issuance Duty free and unrestricted market access (almost all Australia and New Zealand products) to General economic, commercial and technical cooperation Rules of origin • • • • • reductions on preferential basis and non-tariff Tariff • facilitation measures Trade • assistance and cooperation arrangements Technical • Rules of origin • Six priority areas, of which trade and investment is • facilitation through harmonization of customs Trade • Exchange of information on standard • Strengthening of banking arrangements to facilitate • Promotion of transport and communication facilities • Promote mobility of business people by facilitating Zealand, Cook Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Na Zealand, Cook Islands, Federated States Economic, commercial and technical ooperation Australia and New Zealand offer duty free and unrestricted or concessional access for virtually all products originating from the developing Forum Island Countries Free Trade Area (SAFTA) Free Trade economic cooperation for rapid economic development mutual assistance • • •Asian As a transition to South • promote mutual trade and To • Create an enabling environment • Accelerate social progress • Promote active collaboration and e Annex table A.II.3. Asia and the Pacific: possible effects of selected regional agreements on FDI (concluded) of selected regional agreements Asia and the Pacific: possible effects A.II.3. Annex table f : UNCTAD. d Members of AFTA: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Thailand and Viet Philippines, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, AFTA: Members of and conformance. such as mutual recognition, standards arrangements N Thailand and Viet Philippines, Singapore, AIA: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Members of Thailand Philippines, Singapore, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, ACFTA: Members of and Sri Lanka. Pakistan India, Maldives, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Arrangement (SAPTA): Trading Members of SAARC Preferential Thailand. Sri Lanka and Members of BIMSTEC: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Australia, New Members of SPARTECA: Samoa. Western a b c d e f Source Agreement signed on April 1993 and in 11 operation in 1995. Currently studying in moving towards an FTA. Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) Started in June 1997. Proposal has been made to FTA. to move from PTA South Pacific Regional and Economic Trade Cooperation Agreement (SPARTECA) Signed on 14 July 1980 and for most came into effect Forum Island Countries on 1 January 1981. Name/dateSAARC Preferential Arrangement Trading (SAPTA) Objectives Key elements regional and from outside the region on corporate strategies Effects ANNEX A 229 Estimated employment in effect tries +150 ountries +500-700 hennai) ...... telecoms and wireless technology Austria +50-100 production of car spare parts) .. +80 phones and other consumer electronics ..headquarter for CEE +1 600 (by 2006) ..centre for Eastern Europe .. +60-80 +100 R&D centre .. +32. Supplier to Opel Polska and Magyar Suzuki capacity Product assembly and regional sales network (from 9 to 5)radios Car .. -200 Location ˜y2foreign2—ffili—tes2in2rung—ryD2PHHPEtune2PHHQ treatment Tatabánya New capacity Annex table A.II.4. Selected cases of expansion and reduction of production capacities A.II.4. Selected cases of expansion Annex table Producing and Trade Ltd.Trade Producing and Automotive Százhalombattacapacity New Supplier of car seats .. +150 Flextronics International Kft.International Flextronics ElectronicsGE Hungary Rt.Central and Eastern Europe Kft.IBM Magyarországi Kft.Zalaegerszeg Sárvár/ Automotivecapacitiesof Expansion Electronics Electronics Budaörs In part, mobile phone production Nagykanizsa ..AGPhoenix Mecano Vácheadquarters Regional Expansion of capacities Precision engineeringregional GM's/Daewoo's Lighting bulb production .. Kecskemét100 +2 Zenon Systems Manufacturing and Services Ltd. .. New .. Water +100 .. +377 UNCTAD, based on ITDH 2002 and other reports. UNCTAD, a a a a No specific date is available. a a Source: May 2002August 2002November 2002February 2003 Artesyn Kft.February 2003 Robert Bosch Kft. Audi Hungária Motor Kft.December 2002December 2002 Robert Bosch Elektronika Kft.September 2002 Bosch Rexroth Kft. Elcoteq Magyarország Kft.2002-2003 Electrolux Lehel Kft. Electronic Data Systems Electronics Automotive Electronics Electronics Electronics Electronics Electronics White goods Hatvan Györ Pécs Miskolc Tatabánya Eger Budapest Jászberény Relocation to Hungarycapacitiesof Expansion Relocation to Hungary Relocation to Hungary Expansion of capacities Relocation to Hungarycapacity New capacity New electronics Car engine 8-cylinder electronics Car Power supplies manufacturing for .. Refrigerator production Regional service centreelectronics Car ..Germany Austria, Spain Germany .. .. +250 .. +400 +500 +330 +110 +250 +400 January 2003January Alcoa-Köfém Kft. Aluminium SzékesfehérvárHungaryto Relocation European regional computer centre 38 other European coun May 2002December 2002June 2002 Magyar Suzuki Rt. Küpper Hungaria Ltd. Ortech Europe Ltd.May 2003 MetallurgyApril 2003 Automotive2002November July 2002 Automotive2002October SEWS Magyarország Kft. (Sumitomo) Rt.Tea Sara Lee Kávé és May 2002 Saubermacher Pannónia Kft.supplier Automotive TiszaújvárosJanuary 2002 Esztergom TDK Elektronika Kft. Sunarrow Hungary Kft.March 20032002-2003 Mór Seat Europe Car Parts Toyo Kisbér Recycling Hungary Kft. Visteon Food and beveragescapacity New Hungary Kft. Visteon Expansion of capacities Budapest Electronics Electronicscapacity New capacity New Nagykanizsa Automotive supplierassembly Car capacitiesof Expansion supplier Automotive Metalworking and foundry (for the Komárom Székesfehérvár Rétságcentre Regional Székesfehérvár Filtered tea production for exports .. Car spare parts Partial relocation from Hungarycapacity New .. Partial relocation from Hungary .. Manufacturing of starters Production and management .. .. India (C .. Supplier to Nokia Product development centre +150 ...... Ukraine +300 .. +120 (2004) -200 +30 May 2002June 2002 Flextronics International Kft.February 2002HaiHon Foxconn 2002November Rt.Hungary GE Opel Southeast Európa Kft./ GM Daewoo ElectronicsJanuary 20032002December Electronics Jabil Circuit Kft.A. Kenwood Electronics Bretagne S. Sárvár Electronics Electronics Komárom Székesfehérvár Relocation from Hungary Electronics Budapestcapacity New Consolidation of global production X-box production .. Tiszaújváros Relocation to Hungary Spare parts for computers, mobile China .. GE Lighting's regional headquarters .. -1 000 United Kingdom +500 (2004) +600 October 2002October 2003 GE Capital Kft.2002October 2002-2003 IBM Storage Products Kft.services Financial Electronics Budapest2002December April 2003 SzékesfehérvárFebruary 2003 Salamander Hungaria Kft.Hungaryto Relocation Samsung Magyar Elektromechanikai Rt.Hungaryfrom Relocation Samsung Magyar Elektromechanikai Rt. Electronics Electronics Footwear Regional call centredrivedisk Hard Göd Jászfényszaru Bonyhád Expansion of production other European countries Relocation to Hungary China +400-450 factoryof Closure production Television Cathode ray tube production Shoes .. other European c -3 700 .. .. -560 January 20032003January May 20032002-2003 Philips Magyarország Kft.Kft.Magyarország Philips Philips Magyarország Kft. Electronics Electronics Electronics Székesfehérvár Szombathely Györ Relocation to HungaryHungaryfrom Relocation Cathode ray tube televisions Cathode ray tube monitors Expansion of capacities France China .. 330 -500 .. +1 170 Date announcedDate affiliate Foreign IndustryHungary in actionof Type concerned Activity involvedlocation Other Hungary 230 World Investment Report 2003 FDI Policies for Development: National and International Perspectives

Annex table A.II.5. Developed countries: components of FDI flows in selected countries, 2001-2002 (Millions of dollars)

Outflows Inflows Reinvested Other Reinvested Other Country Total Equity earnings capitala Total Equity earnings capitala

France 2001 92 974 54 472 6 604 31 899 55 190 20 659 2 180 32 351 2002 62 544 27 530 6 968 28 046 51 503 29 887 2 496 19 120

Germany 2001 42 078 55 139 - 2 899 - 10 161 33 917 26 925 - 3 222 10 215 2002 24 535 44 065 - - 19 529 38 035 25 397 - 3 388 16 026

Japan 2001 38 333 27 295 6 958 4 084 6 243 4 908 1 546 - 215 2002 31 482 22 926 8 231 325 9 326 - 5 830 1 505 13 651

Luxembourg 2002 154 072 116 627 408 37 036 125 660 111 218 2 403 12 038

Norway 2001 - 1 272 575 300 - 2 148 2 212 1 314 - 382 1 280 2002 3 810 5 202 338 - 1 730 615 869 - 430 176

Sweden 2001 6 594 5 625 2 016 - 1 046 11 780 9 168 - 589 3 205 2002 10 869 10 475 5 690 - 5 299 11 081 9 079 992 1 007

Switzerland 2001 17 300 13 500 2 700 1 100 8 900 9 000 900 - 1 000 2002 11 800 8 800 4 200 - 1 200 9 300 2 400 3 300 3 600

United Kingdom 2001 68 037 25 949 35 482 6 606 61 958 29 158 6 973 25 827 2002 39 703 20 375 44 048 - 24 720 24 945 14 724 15 405 - 5 185

United States 2001 127 800 49 800 - 1 500 81 700 130 800 107 700 - 19 700 42 800 2002 123 500 27 300 14 500 79 700 30 100 57 600 10 200 - 37 700

Source: UNCTAD, based on national sources. a Mainly intra-company loans. Note: Up to 2001, data for the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union (BLEU) were reported by the National Bank of Belgium. Data on Luxembourg are not available separately before 2002.