The Impact of Transformative Agreements in the Global Transition Germany‘s Project DEAL

29.11.2019 Bibliotecas y Archivos del CSIC por la Ciencia Abierta: presente y futuro Madrid | 28-29 noviembre 2019 Kai Geschuhn | Max Planck Digital Library THE RATIONALE FOR THE OA TRANSITION … and the origins of Projekt DEAL.

2 Origins of Projekt DEAL

3 10 years after the Berlin Declaration: What have we accomplished? Open access to peer-reviewed journal literature described in the Budapest, Bethesda and Berlin Declarations of 2002/3

The author(s) and right holder(s) of such contributions grant(s) to all users a free, irrevocable, worldwide, right of access to, and a license to copy, use, distribute, transmit and display the work publicly and to make and distribute derivative works, in any digital medium for any responsible purpose, subject to proper attribution of authorship

4 Still today 82% of new research is published behind subscription paywalls

 Still today 82% of new research is published behind subscription paywalls

5 Authors want their journals

“64% of respondents indicated they would be happy to see the traditional subscription-based publication model replaced entirely by an open access system….

Some 70% of faculty stated “If the traditional subscription-based publication model is replaced entirely by an open access model, I would be happy to see the same publishers stay involved in the open access model”

https://sr.ithaka.org/publications/2018-us-faculty-survey/

6 Expectation of scholars in the 21st century

doi:10.1126/science.aaf5664 7 Financial leverage for an orderly transition

Current cost per article via subscriptions Current global subscription spending € 7.6 bn

Global # 2m subscription scholary market articles 7.6 bn/2m

8 http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-0026-C274-7 Open Access 2020 Initiative

More than 140 signatories of the OA2020 Expression of Interest in the Large Scale Implementation of Open Access to Scholarly Journals, representing over 6000 individual institutions from all continents of the world, have stated the following objectives:

 Transform a majority of today’s scholarly journals from subscription to OA publishing in accordance with community- specific publication preferences. At the same time, we continue to support new and improved forms of OA publishing.

 Pursue this transformation process by converting resources currently spent on journal subscriptions into funds to support sustainable OA business models. Accordingly, we intend to re- organize the underlying cash flows, to establish transparency with regard to costs and potential savings, and to adopt mechanisms to avoid undue publication barriers

https://oa2020.org/mission/ 9 9 Validated and supported by the global research community FINAL STATEMENT 14th Berlin Open Access Conference

We are all committed to authors retaining their copyrights, We are all committed to complete and immediate open access, We are all committed to accelerating the progress of open access through transformative agreements that are temporary and transitional, with a shift to full open access within a very few years. These agreements should, at least initially, be cost-neutral, with the expectation that economic adjustments will follow as the markets transform.

Publishers are expected to work with all members of the global research community to effect complete and immediate open access according to this statement.

10 Projekt DEAL

 Negotiating with the world's three largest publishers  To bring about a change in  DEAL agreements aim to move from the current subscription based business model to a model in which all scholarly content is published immediately Open Access …while authors retaining their copyrights … and in which institutions support and fund publishing services of their affiliated academic authors instead.

11 Projekt DEAL setup

All German science organizations collaborate in the German Alliance of Science Organizations who initiated Projekt DEAL in 2014 targeting the “big three” , Wiley, Springer Nature. Objectives of Projekt DEAL

 Immediate open access for current research articles published by authors at German institutions in the publisher’s journals  Permanent full-text access to the publisher’s complete journal portfolio  Fair and reasonable pricing and a simple and future-oriented model based on the number of articles published

12 Milestones

2015 2016 2017

Setup of the Start of Start of negotiating team, negotiations with negotiations with leadership: Elsevier Springer Nature German Rector‘s and Wiley Conference Mandating by German institutions Data collection and modelling

13 Milestones

2018 2019 2020

> 200 sites in 19 January - Expected start of Germany without First DEAL the Springer Elsevier access agreement with Nature DEAL Wiley signed

22 August – Memorandum with Springer Nature signed

14 Groundbreaking Transformative Agreement Wiley and Project DEAL partner to enhance the future of scholarly research and publishing in Germany

15. January 2019 Achievments

- All in agreement - OA for ~ 12.000 articles/ year from German institutions - Permanent access to full Wiley portfolio at ~ 800 German institutions (eligible to sign up) - Agreement costs in the range of Germany’s former supscription spend for Wiley

https://www.projekt-deal.de/faq-wiley-contract/ 15 DEAL OPERATIONS How the agreement is being implemented

16 Contractual setup and payment schemes

„DEAL‐“ MAIN CONTRACT MPDL Services Publisher Publisher bills MPDL GmbH Services MPDL Services bills institutions

PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT

~ 800 eligible German

Autor institutions 17 DEAL consortium operations: creating two disjoint transaction spheres

Institutions DEAL operations layer Publisher

Hybrid publishing € €

Room for creativity and incremental € € € € € Read access with archival rights adjustment in the transition from subscriptions to OA Contractual service payment payment schedule schedule PAR fee & APCs

Gold OA publishing

€

All DEAL operations are based on an “all-in” approach and depart from standard consortial “opt-in” practices.

18 Organizing the DEAL money flows: (a) publisher facing transactions

Institutions DEAL operations layer Publisher

Hybrid publishing Hybrid publishing € € Annual PAR invoice (pre-payment) Room for creativity and incremental € € € € € Read access with archival rights adjustment in the True article count (balancing the transition from subscriptions to OA Contractualannual account; pay as we publish) service payment payment schedule schedule PAR fee & APCs APC invoicing (based on true article count 20%Gold discount) OA publishing

€

All DEAL operations are based on an “all-in” approach and depart from standard consortial “opt-in” practices.

19 Organizing the DEAL money flows: (b) institution facing transactions

Institutions DEAL operations layer Publisher

Hybrid publishing € € Financial commitment based on 2017 subscription spend Room for creativity Roomand incremental for creativity € € € € € Read access with archival rights andadjustment incremental in the Additional PAR invoicingadjustmenttransition per from in the Contractual calendar year (+ service fee)transitionsubscriptions from to OA subscriptionsservice payment to OA payment schedule serviceschedule payment PAR fee & APCs schedule Gold APC invoicing per article and Gold OA publishing per institution €

All DEAL operations are based on an “all-in” approach and depart from standard consortial “opt-in” practices.

20 Organizing the DEAL money flows: (b) internal cost allocation

Institutions DEAL operations layer Publisher

Hybrid publishing € € a) Invoice 1 (based on previous subscription spend): mandatoryRoom for creativity Roomand incremental for creativity € € € € € Read access with archival rights andadjustment incremental in the b) Invoice 2 (based on publicationsadjustmenttransition from in the Contractual and PAR + service fee): voluntarytransitionsubscriptions from to OA subscriptionsservice payment to OA payment schedule serviceschedule payment PAR fee & APCs schedule c) Invoice 3 (ongoing Gold APC Gold OA publishing invoicing per published articles) €

New funding line by our national funder to ease the transition for the research intensive institutions

21 Publishing with DEAL

„DEAL‐“ MPDL Services Publisher GmbH

3. „Dashboard“ Publisher puts article 4. informations in a Institutions check Dashboard/ eligibility Approval system

1. Article submis 5. sion 2. Open Access Article Publication with CC‐ acceptance License ~ 800 eligible German

Author institutions 22 IMPACT of the transformative agreement strategy

23 IMPACT of transformative agreements: towards a 100% open access for Germany and your institutional publishing output

Elsevier Springer Wiley Taylor & Francis ACS RSC IEEE NPG OUP LWW PLOS BMC Sage AIP IOP APS MDPI CUP Hindawi Frontiers Other

24 Impact on a country level: Hungary

25 Local IMPACT: MPDL Transformative Agreement roadmap Our goal: 100% of Max Planck Society authored papers published open access

2017 Max Planck article output by publisher Subscription publisher OA publisher others Transformative agreement negotiated

By negotiating transformative agreements with even just the top 20 publishers with whom our authors publish we can already secure open access for over 80% of our outputs.

26 Increasing global adoption of Transformative Agreements in open access strategies

https://esac-initiative.org/about/transformative-agreements/agreement-registry/

27 TOWARDS DEFAULT OPEN ACCESS

Transformative agreements work towards a substantial improvement of the current publishing system. - Full and immediate Open Access - Authors retain copyright - No additional costs for hybrid Open Access is a key prerequisite for

28 Thanks!

Any questions? You can find me at [email protected]

29