Education in Latvia's Transition: the Challenge of Management
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The Baltic Republics
FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1994 Finnish Defence Studies is published under the auspices of the National Defence College, and the contributions reflect the fields of research and teaching of the College. Finnish Defence Studies will occasionally feature documentation on Finnish Security Policy. Views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily imply endorsement by the National Defence College. Editor: Kalevi Ruhala Editorial Assistant: Matti Hongisto Editorial Board: Chairman Prof. Mikko Viitasalo, National Defence College Dr. Pauli Järvenpää, Ministry of Defence Col. Antti Numminen, General Headquarters Dr., Lt.Col. (ret.) Pekka Visuri, Finnish Institute of International Affairs Dr. Matti Vuorio, Scientific Committee for National Defence Published by NATIONAL DEFENCE COLLEGE P.O. Box 266 FIN - 00171 Helsinki FINLAND FINNISH DEFENCE STUDIES 6 THE BALTIC REPUBLICS A Strategic Survey Erkki Nordberg National Defence College Helsinki 1992 ISBN 951-25-0709-9 ISSN 0788-5571 © Copyright 1994: National Defence College All rights reserved Painatuskeskus Oy Pasilan pikapaino Helsinki 1994 Preface Until the end of the First World War, the Baltic region was understood as a geographical area comprising the coastal strip of the Baltic Sea from the Gulf of Danzig to the Gulf of Finland. In the years between the two World Wars the concept became more political in nature: after Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania obtained their independence in 1918 the region gradually became understood as the geographical entity made up of these three republics. Although the Baltic region is geographically fairly homogeneous, each of the newly restored republics possesses unique geographical and strategic features. -
Dobeles Novada Ziņas
2021. gada 11. maijā 9. lappuse DOBELES NOVADA ZIŅAS Dobeles novadaMAIJĀ dome 2021. gada 7. aprīļa ārkārtas sēdē nolēma: Iesniegt projekta «Digitālā mu projektu konkursam «Valsts jumu 12 222,50 EUR (tai skaitā Dobeles Tūrisma un informāci- ekskursija pa Dobeles Livonijas kultūrkapitāla fonda 2021. gada pievienotās vērtības nodoklis), jas centra budžeta finansējums ordeņa pils kompleksu «Senās mērķprogramma «KULTŪREL- kur Valsts kultūrkapitāla fon- 744,50 EUR. pils teikas stāsta…»» iesniegu- PA»», nosakot kopējo finansē- da finansējums 11 479 EUR un Dobeles novada dome 2021. gada 29. aprīļa sēdē nolēma: 1. Apstiprināt zemes ierī- pagastā četros atsevišķos īpašu- da komitejai bezatlīdzības lieto- 26. pārdot atklātā izsolē 31. apstiprināt Dobeles no- cības projektu nekustamo īpa- mos; šanā uz laiku ne ilgāk kā uz 10 ga- nekustamos īpašumus: dzīvok- vada pašvaldības autoceļu un to šumu Zaļā iela 70 un Zaļā iela 13. atļaut sadalīt nekusta- diem, sākot ar līguma parakstī- li Nr. 50 Priežu ielā 30, Gardenē, posmu sarakstus ar autoceļu uz- 72 Dobelē sadalīšanai un robežu mo īpašumu «Sudmaļi» Jaunbēr- šanas dienu, nekustamā īpašu- Auru pagastā, 59,9 m² platībā, turēšanas klasēm vasaras sezonai pārkārtošanai; zes pagastā divos atsevišķos īpa- ma Brīvības iela 3 Dobelē sastā- zemesgabalu «Jaunzemnieki 144» (no 16. aprīļa līdz 15. oktobrim) 2. apstiprināt zemes ierīcī- šumos; vā esošās 1. stāva telpas 8.5 m2 Auru pagastā 0,058 ha platībā, ze- un ziemas sezonai (no 16. oktob- bas projektu nekustamā īpašuma 14. atļaut sadalīt nekusta- platībā, 2. stāva telpas 166.5 m2 mesgabalu «Galiņi» Bikstu pagas- ra līdz 15. aprīlim); Skolas ielā 13, Dobelē, zemes vie- mo īpašumu «Gudži» Auru pa- platībā un telpu Nr. -
Contributions to the Knowledge of Latvian Coleoptera. 8
80 Contributions to the Knowledge of Latvian Coleoptera. 8 Contributions to the Knowledge of Latvian Coleoptera. 8. 1 DMITRY TELNOV , ANDRIS BUKEJS , JĀNIS GAILIS , MĀRTI ŅŠ KALNI ŅŠ, ALEXANDER NAPOLOV , UĢIS PITER ĀNS , KRISTAPS VILKS 1 – Corresponding author: Stopi ņu novads, D ārza iela 10, LV-2130, Dzidri ņas, Latvia; e-mail: [email protected] TELNOV D., BUKEJS A., GAILIS J., KALNI ŅŠ M., NAPOLOV A., PITER ĀNS U., VILKS K., 2010. CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF LATVIAN COLEOPTERA. 8. - Latvijas Entomologs , 48: 80-91. Abstract: This paper contains information on 10 new and 144 little known and protected beetle species in Latvia, collected between 1939 and 2009. Key words: Coleoptera, fauna, Latvia, little-known species. Introduction List of Species Current publication is a result of studies Carabidae on Latvian Coleoptera made by Latvian Carabus clathratus clathratus LINNAEUS , 1761 coleopterists in 1939-2009. The aim of the Latgale: Dvietes paliene (flood-lands) PNT, current publication is to improve our knowledge Putnu sala, 22.04.2009 (3) flood-lands of River on fauna and ecology of beetles in the Baltic Dviete, leg. M.Kalni ņš. region, with special accent made on poorly known, rare or protected species. Carabus coriaceus coriaceus LINNAEUS , 1758 Ten new and 144 little known or protected Kurzeme: Dundaga parish, Sl ītere NP, Kolka, species of Coleoptera collected are recorded for 03.07.2009 (1) dry coastal pine forest, observed Latvia. New faunal information on 11 by K.Vilks. particularly protected Coleopteran species is given. Particular species are new to the whole * Dolichus halensis (SCHALLER , 1783) Fennoscandian region or / and Baltic States (i.e. -
Path Dependency and Landscape Biographies in Latgale, Latvia: a Comparative Analysis
Europ. Countrys. · 3· 2010 · p. 151-168 DOI: 10.2478/v10091-010-0011-7 European Countryside MENDELU PATH DEPENDENCY AND LANDSCAPE BIOGRAPHIES IN LATGALE, LATVIA: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS Anita Zarina1 Received 30 September 2010; Accepted 15 October 2010 Abstract: This paper focuses on the path dependency of landscapes in Latgale, Latvia from the present perspective at the regional and local scale. During the last centuries Latvia’s landscapes have passed through radical changes, which were driven by political events. Each new political era discarded the ideas of the previous era and subsequently reorganized the land(scape) according to the new views. At the regional level the role of history is significant in analyzing landscapes while at the local level the main force is people, often themselves not knowing the history of the place but putting the existing path dependency into practise or disregarding it. The biographies of two former villages are discussed: one which is nearly deserted but filled with forgotten or neglected cultural heritage values and the other – alive and interwoven with some old (almost forgotten) cultural practises. Path dependency in landscapes is relevant only regarding the attachment of people to a place and the experience on which their further desires are based. Key words: Landscape biographies, landscape change, Latgale, path dependency Rezumējums: Raksta pamatā ir pēctecīguma (path dependence) izpausmes Latgales ainavā reģionālā un lokālā mērogā no šodienas skatupunkta. Pēdējo gadsimtu laikā Latvijā ir notikušas dramatiskas ainavas pārmaiņas, to galvenie rosinātāji – politisko varu maiņas. Katra jaunā politiskā ēra veidoja jaunas ainavas saskaņā ar tās ideoloģiju un idejām. Rakstā tiek diskutēts, ka reģionāla mēroga ainavas studijas ir cieši saistītas ar vēstures izpratni un tās lomu, kamēr lokālā mērogā galvenie ainavas veidotāji ir cilvēki un to darbības, kuri bieži vien pat neapzinās vietas/reģiona vēsturi, bet praktizē vai ignorē daudzas paražas vai telpiskās struktūras pēctecības ainavā. -
JSC “Latvian State Roads”
JSC “Latvian State Roads” Annual Report 2004 JSC “Latvian State Roads” Annual Report 2004 2 Contents State Joint Stock Company “Latvian State Roads” Today . 4 Structure of State Joint Stock Company “Latvian State Roads” . 7 Personnel . 10 Road Laboratory . 14 Latvian Road Museum . 15 International Co-operation . 17 Resolution of Auditor . 19 Balance . 20 Tax and Social Security Payments . 22 Review on Changes in Equities . 23 Calculation of Reserve Fund for Time Period from January 1 to October 25, 2004 (turnover cost method) . 24 Profit/Loss Calculation for the Period from October 25 to December 31, 2004 (categorised in columns according to period cost method) . 25 Latvian Road Network . 26 Latvian Road Map . 27 Latvian State Roads by District . 28 Latvian State Main Roads by District . 29 Latvian State 1st Class Roads by District . 30 Latvian State 2nd Class Roads by District . 31 3 Annual Report 2004 JSC “Latvian State Roads” Bridges on Latvian State Roads . 32 Location of Bridges on Latvian State Roads . .33 Average Annual Daily Traffic Intensity . 34 Vehicles Registered in Latvia . 36 Road Network Development . 37 Environmental Protection . 40 Road Routine Maintenance . 42 Expenditures for State Road Routine Maintenance in 2004 . 45 Executed Routine Maintenance Works on State Roads in 2004 by District and City . 48 Winter Road Maintenance . 51 Maintenance of State Main and 1st Class Roads in the Winter of 2004/2005 . 52 Road and Bridge Periodic Maintenance and Reconstruction . 53 Road Traffic Organisation . 61 State Road Financing . 66 Financing of Cohesion Fund Projects in the Road Sector . 68 Financing for Investment Project “Improvements in VIA BALTICA Route and West–East Corridor” . -
Interaction Between the Number of Visitors at Tourist Accommodation Establishments and the Economic Development in Latvia
Economics and Rural Development Vol. 8, No. 1, 2012 ISSN 1822-3346 INTERACTION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF VISITORS AT TOURIST ACCOMMODATION ESTABLISHMENTS AND THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN LATVIA Aina Muska1, Ligita Bite2 Latvia University of Agriculture, Latvia The research hypothesis: the economic development of a district affects the number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments outside Riga region. The research aim is to identify a correlation between the number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments and the economic development of a district in Latvia. The research was done using data broken down by statistical region and districts (a unit of administrative division of the territory of Latvia until the middle of 2009). The research showed that the majority (more than 60%) of visitors at Latvian tourist accommodation establishments were foreign tourists whose share at Riga tourist accommodation establishments accounted for more than 70%. Outside Riga region, more than 70% of visitors were local (Latvian) tourists, mostly business tourists. In the research period, more than half of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments concentrated in Riga region, while more than 10% – in Pieriga and Kurzeme regions. The share of visitors in the other regions did not exceed 6% of their total number. According to a cluster analysis, an explicit trend of monocentric economic development is specific to Latvia, resulting in significant differences between Riga, the capital city of Latvia, and the other districts of Latvia. The number of visitors at tourist accommodation establishments is higher in the clusters having a high (Riga) and medium (districts of Riga, Liepaja, Ventspils, and Daugavpils) level of economic development than in the clusters with a lower level of economic development (districts of Aluksne, Balvi, Dobele, Gulbene, Kraslava, Ludza, Preili, and Valka). -
Paskaidrojuma Raksts
APSTIPRIN ĀTS ar Dobeles novada domes 2013.gada xxx l ēmumu Nr.xxx II S ĒJUMS PASKAIDROJUMA RAKSTS Izstr ādātājs Dobeles novada pašvald ība Dobele 2013 Dobeles novada teritorijas pl ānojums 2013.-2025.gadam Paskaidrojuma raksts Projekts SATURS SA ĪSIN ĀJUMI UN SKAIDROJUMI ..................................................................................................... 4 IEVADS .................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. IZSTR ĀDES PRINCIPI UN NOSAC ĪJUMI...................................................................................... 8 1.1. Teritorijas pl ānojuma izstr ādes m ērķis ........................................................................8 1.2. Tiesiskais pamatojums .................................................................................................9 1.3. Vēsturisk ā pl ānošanas pieredze....................................................................................9 1.4. Instit ūciju nosac ījumi un pras ības..............................................................................34 1.5. Teritorijas pl ānojuma izstr ādē izmantotie materi āli...................................................34 1.6. Pras ības teritorijas pl ānojuma izstr ādei......................................................................35 1.7. Teritorijas pl ānojuma izstr ādes principi.....................................................................36 2. NOVADA TERITORIJAS PAŠREIZ ĒJĀS IZMANTOŠANAS RAKSTUROJUMS.................... -
Language Use in Latvian Radio and Television
UDK 811.174:004(094) Ma 714 THE SOROS FOUNDATION LATVIA This study has been prepared as part of the Centre for Public Policy PROVIDUS Public Policy Fellowship Program, which is financed by the Soros Foundation – Latvia, the Open Society Institute Justice Initiative Program (JI), and the Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative (LGI). The author takes full responsibility for accuracy of the data. The study is available in Latvian and English on the Internet: www.politika.lv or www.policy.lv Project consultant: Prof. Stephen Heyneman, University of Vanderbilt, USA ¢ Text, Signe Martißüne, Centre for Public Policy PROVIDUS, 2004 ¢ Translation, Lolita K¬aviña, 2004 ¢ Design, Nordik Publishing House, 2004 ISBN 9984–751–46–5 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY When Latvia regained independence, one of its major tasks was to strengthen the posi- tion of Latvian as its state language. Restrictions were placed on the use of languages other than Latvian in commercial and public broadcasting. The Law on Radio and Television limited the amount of time that commercial radio and television broadcasters could allocate to broadcasts in other languages to 25%.1 Hence, news and entertainment for those who speak Russian, Ukrainian, Polish, Lithuanian, Roma and English were limited to a maximum of 25% of the total airtime. Stations that wished to broadcast in those languages were required to reserve 75% of their airtime for programs in Latvian. On June 5, 2003, the Constitutional Court invalidated the provision of the law that restricted use of foreign languages in the programs of commercial broadcasters.2 It ruled that the language restrictions applied to commercial broadcasting organizations did not conform with Article 100 of the Constitution pertaining to freedom of expression, and that in a democratic society such restrictions were neither necessary nor appropriate. -
Law on Judicial Power
Disclaimer: The English language text below is provided by the State Language Centre for information only; it confers no rights and imposes no obligations separate from those conferred or imposed by the legislation formally adopted and published. Only the latter is authentic. The original Latvian text uses masculine pronouns in the singular. The State Language Centre uses the principle of gender-neutral language in its English translations. In addition, gender-specific Latvian nouns have been translated as gender-neutral terms, e.g. chairperson. Text consolidated by Valsts valodas centrs (State Language Centre) with amending laws of: 16 December 1993; 15 June 1994; 6 April 1995; 28 September 1995; 21 December 1995; 23 May 1996; 29 January 1997; 1 October 1997; 14 October 1998; 15 October 1998; 11 November 1999; 8 November 2001; 31 October 2002; 19 June 2003; 4 December 2003; 17 March 2005; 22 September 2005; 28 September 2005; 23 February 2006; 2 November 2006; 8 November 2007; 3 April 2008; 14 November 2008; 12 December 2008; 30 April 2009. If a whole or part of a section has been amended, the date of the amending law appears in square brackets at the end of the section. If a whole section, paragraph or clause has been deleted, the date of the deletion appears in square brackets beside the deleted section, paragraph or clause. The Supreme Council of the Republic of Latvia has adopted a Law: On Judicial Power Part I General Provisions Chapter I Judicial Power Section 1. Judicial Power (1) An independent judicial power exists in the Republic of Latvia, alongside the legislative and the executive power. -
Kulinārais Maršruts „Livonijas Garša“ Jēkaba Ceļš
Kulinārais maršruts „Livonijas garša“ Jēkaba ceļš Kurzemē un Zemgalē hercogs Jēkabs valdīja no 1642. Duke Jacob of the Duchy of Kurzeme līdz 1682. gadam, tajā laikā strauji attīstījās kuģu būve, and Zemgale was on the throne from parādījās pirmās manufaktūras un uzlabojās lauksaim- 1642 until 1862, and during that time niecības ražošanas apjomi. Kuģi eksportēja preces uz the duchy rapidly expanded ship buil- Eiropu, devās uz Tobago un Gambiju, dibināja tur kolo- ding operations, opened the first facto- nijas un veda uz Eiropu cukuru, kafiju un garšvielas. ries and improved agricultural output. Ja- Šajā periodā Latviju sasniedza kartupeļi, ko vietējie cob’s ships plied the seas to export goods, iedzīvotāji iemīļoja vien pēc pāris gadsimtiem. to establish colonies in Tobago and Gambia, and to bring sugar, coffee and spices back Kurzemes delikatese ir Usmas zuši, tos to Europe. This was the age when pota- gatavo zupās, cep un kūpina, sezo- toes first appeared in Latvia, though it took a nā gatavo arī vēja zivis, salakas un couple of centuries for them become beloved. reņģes, bet brētliņas, siļķes un laši pieejami visu gadu. No ru- A great delicacy in Kurzeme is lamprey from the dziem cep rupjmaizi, skābmaizi Usma River. It is served in soups, baked or smoked. vai sklandraušus, miežus vāra During the season, there will be dishes of garfish, skābputrā vai bukstiņputrā. smelt or Baltic herring, while sprats, herring and Suitu sievas piedāvā mācīties salmon are available year-round. Rye is used for gatavot tradicionālos ēdie- rye bread, sourdough bread or carrot buns, and nus. barley is used for various porridges. -
Svarane the Use of Inlay Technique in the Production of Medieval
X. TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF WEAPONRY THE USE OF INLAY TECHNIQUE The Use of inInlay the TechniqueProductionCouronian of andMilitaryMedieval Semigallian Equipment(12th to 14th Century)IN THE PRODUCTION OF MEDIEVAL COURONIAN AND SEMIGALLIAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT (12TH TO 14TH CENTURY) DAGNIJA DAGNIJA SVARĀNE DAGNIJA SVARĀNE Abstract The subject of this paper is the inlay technique, namely the hammering of fine silver to an iron object specially grooved for the purpose, and early medieval Semigallian and Couronian military equipment decorated in this technique. This includes sword hilts, strap dividers and mounts made by Baltic smiths, and a unique armour plate. The study of the inlay technique permits the former silver decoration on objects to be reconstructed. The ornate Couronian sword hilts provide grounds for hypothesising that there was a specialist weaponry workshop at Talsi hill-fort. Key words: inlay, silver, iron, sword hilts, strap mounts, armour plate. Introduction 19th and early 20th century. It is mentioned as early as 1842 by Friedrich Kruse (1842, Taf. 5:2) in a note on Inlay is used to adorn fine iron jewellery, using a wire, a sword found at Aizkraukle cemetery (Skrīveri par- strip or sheet of precious metal, usually silver, and is ish in Aizkraukle district), probably an imported piece. accomplished without soldering. The use of inlay for making iron spears and swords is Three techniques can be distinguished in inlay tech- mentioned in the notes to the figures in the catalogue nology. The first and the simplest of these is the ham- of the Tenth All-Russian Congress of Archaeologists. mering of a silver or coloured-metal wire into specially However, in 1896 there was no real understanding of made grooves. -
370230 Dobele-Mazā Meža Iela-Slimnīca-Dobele 09:15 09:37
Reiss Reisa Nr. Reisa nosaukums Izpildes dienas atiet pienāk (km) 370230 Dobele-Mazā Meža iela-Slimnīca-Dobele 09:15 09:37 11,40 1-5 370210 Dobele-Mazā Meža iela-Dobele 09:15 09:32 8,90 6-7 370232 Dobele-Slimnīca-Mazā Meža iela-Slimnīca-Dobele 12:15 12:41 13,10 1-5 (16.10.-31.03.) 370212 Dobele-Mazā Meža iela-Dobele 12:19 12:36 8,90 6-7 (16.10.-31.03.) 370234 Dobele-Mazā Meža iela-Dobele 19:40 19:55 8,90 1-7 370217 Dobele-Galenieki 05:30 05:47 10,20 1-5 370223 Dobele-Slimnīca-Galenieki 13:50 14:12 12,40 1-5 370222 Galenieki-Dobele 14:40 15:00 10,70 1-5 370225 Dobele-Galenieki 22:37 22:53 10,70 1-5 370224 Galenieki-Dobele 23:10 23:26 10,70 1-5 518501 Dobele-Zaļenieki 07:35 08:10 19,80 1-5 518502 Zaļenieki-Dobele 08:16 08:48 19,50 1-5 518513 Dobele-Zaļenieki 08:00 08:35 19,80 6 518516 Zaļenieki-Dobele 08:40 09:12 19,50 6 518511 Dobele-Zaļenieki 15:10 15:40 19,80 7 518514 Zaļenieki-Dobele 15:50 16:20 19,50 7 518503 Dobele-Zaļenieki 13:50 14:25 19,80 1-6 518510 Zaļenieki-Dobele 14:30 15:00 19,50 1-6 518509 Dobele-Zaļenieki 17:25 18:00 19,80 1-6 518512 Zaļenieki-Dobele 18:10 18:40 19,50 1-6 518601 Dobele-Bērze-Jaunbērze-Dobele 18:00 18:55 41,40 1-6 518715 Dobele-Biksti-Jaunpils 06:10 06:45 31,60 1-6 518716 Jaunpils-Biksti-Dobele 06:50 07:35 31,90 1-6 518711 Dobele-Biksti-Jaunpils 13:40 14:25 31,60 1-5 518710 Jaunpils-Līvi-Biksti Dobele 14:30 15:18 33,60 1-5 518709 Dobele-Biksti-Jaunpils 16:40 17:23 31,60 1-6 518708 Jaunpils-Biksti-Dobele 17:35 18:17 31,90 1-6 518719 Dobele-Biksti- Jaunpils 19:25 20:08 31,60 1-5 518718 Jaunpils-Biksti Dobele