Medical Aid During the Games

MEDICAL AID DURING THE GAMES.

he arrangements for providing medical aid at the various places for the competitions in athletics, swimming, rowing, cycling, fencing and horse riding were made by the special committees for each of these branches. For the fencing competitions, which were held in the lawn-tennis pavilion at the Östermalm Athletic Grounds, in the immediate neighbourhood of the Stadium, the provision was made that, in the case of help being required, those in charge could apply to the medical staff on duty at the Stadium, which would be in readiness, in the event of a severe case of illness or an accident occurring during the course of the competitions at the scene of the fencing in the lawn-tennis pavilion, to give assistance there too. For the horse riding competitions, which took place on July 16 and 17, after the conclusion of the competitions in athletics at the Stadium, the medical men and their staff who had been on duty at this place, stayed there until the conclusion of these events as well.

A. THE COMPETITIONS IN THE STADIUM. I. The organization of the medical staff. The following doctors, who had been chosen by the Committee for Athletics, attended for the purpose of giving any necessary medical aid at the competitions that took place at the Stadium from the 6:th to the 15:th July, and on July 16:th and 17:th, as well as during the fencing competitions:

832 FRIES, K. A. E., surgeon-lieutenant, Army Medical Corps Reserve; assistant physician at the Garrison Hospital, Stockholm; JOSEFSON, A. R., lecturer on internal diseases at the Carolean In- stitute; LEVIN, E. I., lecturer in bacteriology at the Carolean Institute; NICKLASSON, G. W., assistant physician at the Stockholm Union Infirmary; NYSTRÖM, E. G., lecturer in surgery at the Carolean Institute; WAHLSTEDT, A. J. G., surgeon-captain, attached to the Royal Field Telegraph Corps; assistant at the Public Medical Institution; ÅHMAN, C. G., surgeon-captain, Army Medical Corps Reserve; in practice at Gothenburg. The Queen Sophia Association placed trained members of the Stock- holm Volunteer Aid Corps at the disposal of the medical staff at the Stadium, for the purpose of rendering assistance there, and there were also present two Sisters from the Swedish Nursing “Red Cross” Asso- ciation, for the purpose of giving aid in the case of any of the public being attacked by illness. After application to the proper quarters, the doctors, nurses and members of the Voluntary Medical Aid Columns were granted permission to wear, while on duty during the Olympic Games, the white arm-band with the Geneva Cross, which is known throughout the civilized world. A little room on the ground floor of the Stadium, with direct communication with the stands and the principal entrance, was placed at the disposal of the doctors for the purpose of operations, the dressing of injured limbs, etc. There was direct Riks-telephone communication with this room. In addition to this, there were two rooms on the second floor, with an entrance from the staircase in the north-west tower, which were used as store-rooms for appliances which it was not necessary always to have at hand in the doctors’ room. These rooms were also intended to be used as reserve sick-rooms, and were used on one occasion, when a bed was made there for a boy-scout who had been attacked in the Stadium with acute gastritis and who was not able to return at once to the boy-scout camp in Djurgården Park. The Stille-Werner Co. Ltd. had placed all necessary medical and surgical appliances, and other articles for the care of the sick, at the disposal of the doctors on duty at the Stadium competitions. In this way, the operation-room at the Stadium, from the beginning of the Games, was so well furnished that, had there been any necessity, very serious cases could very well have been treated there. The Volunteer Aid Corps, the “Red Cross” and the Army Medical Department had sent blankets and other requisites for two beds, the necessary linen, bandages, ambulance litters and other appliances. The work of the medical staff at the Stadium during the competitions was organized in the following way. At the times when the competitions were going on, there were always present at least 2 doctors, 5 attendants and 2 sick-nurses. Of the doctors, one was always in the arena, as a rule in the vicinity of the place where such a competition was going on as gave reason to suppose that an acci-

53 Fifth Olympiad. 833 dent might happen to a competitor or an official. It was the duty of this doctor to be always at hand in the event of an accident, or a case of sickness of any kind, occurring among those present in the arena. The other doctors on duty were stationed either in the operation-room or on the balcony above, where two seats with a good view both of the arena and of the stands were always reserved for the doctors on duty. The nurses too, were on the same balcony, when they were not on duty in the operation-room, and two of the sick-attendants also had seats there. Another attendant was placed as an outlook on the balcony from which the flags of the winning nations were hoisted on the flag-staffs. If he observed anything that he thought required the attention of any of the medical staff, he communicated by telephone with the operation-room. One attendant was stationed at the gate admitting to the arena, in front of the west grand entrance. His task was to be at hand if his aid should be required by the doctor on duty in the arena. The remaining attendant had always to be either inside, or in the immediate neighbourhood of, the operation-room. All these attendants were instructed to pay very careful attention to everything that took place in the arena or in the stands, which could be easily seen from the spots where they were stationed. By this means, any accident or case of illness, not only among the competitors and officials, but also among the public, could easily be observed and reported with the least possible loss of time to that doctor that was nearest. At the same time, however, these attendants, especially those on the balcony, had to have their attention directed on the doctor or doctors that happened to be in the arena. These latter, by means of a specially arranged system of signalling could, in case of necessity, call one or two attendants either with or without a supply of bandages or an ambulance-litter.

II. Medical Aid given in the Stadium.

During the period when the competitions were going on in the Stadium, there were treated altogether by the medical staff on duty there, 149 cases, of which 132 were men and 17 women. From the following tables may be seen the nationality of these persons, the branches of athletics represented and the officials treated, together with the character of the complaints and injuries. Tables No 1 & 2 embrace the men; Nos. 3 & 4, the women, treated. The two cases of sunstroke which occurred during the Marathon race are not included in the tables, as both the men were taken direct to the Royal Seraphim Hospital and, consequently, were not treated at all at the Stadium. These two cases will be treated of later on. A few remarks may be made respecting a couple of the cases treated. During one of the football matches, a Danish player happened to fall and put his elbow out of joint. On examination it was found that the upper ends of both the ulna and the radius were displaced backwards and outwards (luxatio cubiti posterior et lateralis). The injured

834 Table I. Nationality of the Men Patients.

Branch of Athletics, or Office

Nation Total

Austria Canada Denmark Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Holland Hungary Italy Luxemburg Norway Russia Sweden Turkey U. S. A. Total

Table II. Complaints and bodily injuries of the Men Patients.

Branch of Athletics, or Office Name of the complaints and bodily injuries

Fainting (Syncope) Epilepsy (Epilepsia) Acute enlargement of the heart (Dilata- tio cordis acuta) Inflammation of the veins (Phlebitis) Bleeding at the nose (Epistaxis) Acute bronchitis(Bron- chitis acuta) Sore throat (Angina tonsillaris) Acute gastric catarrh (Gastritis acuta) Acute intestinal catarrh (Enteritis acuta) Carried forward

835 Branch of Athletics, or Office Name of the complaints and bodily injuries

Brought forward Toothache(Odontalgia) Acute inflammation of the joints (Arthroi- tis Hydrops) Sunburn (Erythema Solare) Shingles (Herpes zo- ster) Sore on the horny membrane of the eye (Ulcus comæ) Abscess (Abscessus) Boil (Carbunculus) Cyst on sebaceous gland (Atheroma in- fectum) Sting of insect (Morsus insect.) Fracture (fracturæ) of collar-bone (fr. cla- viculæ) Fracture of ribs (fr. costarum) Broken fibula(fr. fibulæ) Dislocation of elbow joint (Lux. cubiti) Dislocation of the collar-bone(Sublux.cla- vi culæ) Ankle sprain (Distor- sio pedis) Rupture of muscle) (Ruptura muscularis) Strain (Distorsio ten- dinum) Concussion of the brain (Commotio cerebri) Thrombus(Hämatoma) Contusion (Contusio) Bruise(Vulnera contusa Cut (Vulnera incisa) Graze (Vulnera trita, v. contusa) Foot-gall (Vulneratrita pedum) Foreign body (Corpus alienum) For. body in the eye (Corp. alien. oculi) Total 836 Table III. Nationality of the Women Patients.

Branch of Athletics, or Office

Nation Women from Women officials Gymnasts among the and Attendants Total public

Finland Sweden Total

Table IV. Complaints and injuries of the Women Patients.

Branch of Athletics, or Office Name of the complaints Women from Women Officials and injuries Gymnasts among the and Attendants Total public

Fainting (Syncope) Hysteria (Hysteria) Bleeding at the nose (Epistaxis) Toothache (Odontalgia) Wound caused by hat-pin (Vulnus) Contusion (Contusiones) Bruise (Vulnera contusa) Foreign body (Corpus alienum) Foreign body in the eye (Corpus alien. oculi) Total man was taken to the operation-room where the elbow was put into joint again, the patient being under the influence of ether. This was the first case that had to be treated in the operation-room, and it was, too, the only instance during the whole of the O[ympic Games, when it was found necessary to perform an operation while the patient was under the influence of an anaesthetic. During the Stadium week proper, between the 6 and 15 July, there was not a single serious accident in the Stadium. This very satisfactory state of things is to be ascribed, in no small degree, to the excellent arrangements made there, by means of which every measure had been taken on the part of the management in order to avoid accidents of any kind. A Russian officer, a competitor in the individual competition in prize-jumping, happened, after having cleared the obstacles very cleverly, to fall with his horse at the last one, the wide ditch. He was up in his saddle again at once, and rode out of the Stadium as if nothing serious had happened, but, as he went at a walk along the road outside the Stadium on the way to the saddling place, he was suddenly seen to fall from his saddle to the ground. He was carried to the operation room, where the doctors immediately took him in hand. On an examination, which was at once made, nothing else could be observed than a concussion of the brain, which, however,

837 was not of a very serious nature, so that, after suitable treatment, he regained consciousness in a comparatively short time. He complained, however, of great tenderness to pressure on the left side of the upper part of the abdomen (over regio hypochondrica sin.), and as this symptom seemed gradually to increase, it was suspected that there was some internal injury to one of the abdominal organs, probably the spleen. In order that a surgical operation might be performed in good time in the event of its being necessary, the injured man was conveyed in an ambulance carriage to the “Red Cross” Hospital where, during the next 24 hours, careful attention was paid to his case. The symptoms vanished by degrees, however, so that, after a stay of 2 days at the hospital, he was able to leave the establishment fully cured, without any operation having been required. The lists of the cases of illness treated as shown in tables Nos. 2 and 4, show a great diversity of internal and external complaints, with exterior injuries, most of them of a very slight description. Of the 5 cases of broken ribs that were treated, 3 of them were merely infractions of one or several ribs, without any break in the con- tinuity of the bone in question. The diagnosis was made supported by the intense tenderness to pressure experienced by the sufferers at a certain part of the ribs. It is, of course, self-evident that a number of cases of illness would occur during a period of 10 days amongst such a great number of people as the competitors and officials amounted to, and, as is shown by the above tables, the competitors and the other persons who had business of one kind or another inside the Stadium made very full use of the medical aid that could be had there, even for such affec- tions as had nothing to do with the competitions nor had arisen while the patients were inside the Stadium. On the other hand, it proved that the number of cases of illness or accidents amongst the very numerous public in the stands at the Stadium was far less than had been expected. Thus, among the public, there were only 7 cases of fainting, in spite of the intense heat that prevailed during the Stad- ium week. Care had been taken, however, that plenty of fresh water could easily be had in all the stands, while the scout-boys posted there, were always ready, active and obliging as they were, to fetch water whenever it was required.

III. The Marathon Race. The medical examination of the competitors in the Marathon race had taken place the day before the event came off. In every case, the competitor’s heart was examined most carefully and, if there was any possible reason for doing so, the examination was extended to other organs as well. Most of the Swedish doctors on duty at the Stadium took part in the examination. Many foreign doctors were also present, for longer or shorter periods, during the examination. Not one of the competitors was found to be in such a condition that his abstention from the race was considered necessary.

838 The most comprehensive measures of security were taken along the whole of the course, so that medical help could always be had close at hand, in the case of any accident or illness occurring amongst the competitors during this trying event. Medical stations were arranged at Sollentuna, Tureberg, Silfverdal, Stocksund and Söderbrunn. At each of these stations there was a physician with his assistant, and a group of from 2—5 men belonging to the Stockholm Volun- teer Aid Corps. At all of these stations, with the exception of that at Söderbrunn, there were arranged sick-rooms with beds; at Söderbrunn, which lies scarcely 1¼ mile from Stockholm, there was a sick-tent. At all the medical stations there were ambulance litters, bandages, instruments for giving injections, a motor-car, and stimulants, such as camphor, digalén, etc. At the control stations — Tureberg and Stocksund — and at Silfverdal and at the turn, steril- ized drinking water, and refreshments (tea, coffee, lemons and oranges) were provided for the competitors. At the turning point (in the neighbourhood of Sollentuna) there was a doctor with assistants, the station being provided with a motor-car, ambulance-litters, etc., as at the other medical stations. At 9 different places along the course there were patrols of boy-scouts, provided with flags for signalling and with drinking-flasks containing fresh water. Certain of these patrols had cyclists among their number. In the motor car carrying the leader of the competition there was a doctor, provided with an injection case, stimulants and bandages, etc. At the Stadium, on Mar- athon day, there were 6 doctors, of whom one was stationed at the entrance to the Stadium, two at the winning post, and three in the operation room or in the seats reserved for the medical men on the balcony over the western grand entrance. In addition to the sick- attendants usually on duty, there were 10 extra men (belonging to the Volunteer Aid Corps) posted at different places inside the Stad- ium. In all, there were 11 doctors, 7 medical assistants, 30 sick- attendants and 2 sick-nurses on duty on Marathon day, in the Stad- ium and along the course. To the best of our knowledge, there has never before been a Ma- rathon race so minutely arranged, nor with so many imaginable measures taken with such great care for the purpose of assisting the competitors who might be in need of help. But, in spite of all this the Marathon race of Stockholm, on July 14, 1912, was to cost a human life. All the competitors that passed the tape came in in perfect condition. But, on the other hand, a great number of the runners, while still on the course, had to be taken up by motor cars sent out from the medical stations. The sick-rooms arranged at these stations soon became crowded with men who had retired from the race, and who now, absolutely worn out, sought for rest and quiet. At the hill at Öfver-Järfva, a Portuguese athlete, Francesco Lazaro, on the return journey to the Stadium, had been seen to stagger as he ran, fall a couple of times, rise again and continue the race, only finally to fall and remain lying on the ground. Almost immediately after

839 this had happened, he was taken in hand by a Swedish physician, Dr C. R. Torell, who happened to be on the spot. A few minutes later, Dr G. Liljenroth, the physician on duty at the medical station at Silfverdal, came to the place, followed in a short time by Dr K. A. Fries, the medical man who was in the motor-car driven by the leader of the competition. The proper measures had at once been begun in order to restore Lazaro to consciousness, but without any result, and the matter was reported to the Stadium by means of the telephone. As the steps which were taken to recall the sick man to his senses, still seemed to be without result, he was placed in one of the motor cars at the disposal of the doctors and carried to the Royal Sera- phim Hospital, whither he was accompanied by Dr Fries. He arrived at the hospital about 5,30 p. m. On his arrival there he was still senseless, had violent attacks of cramp and convulsions of the whole body, and became delirious; his temperature was 4 1.2° Cent. (106° Fah.), and all the symptoms pointed to sunstroke. Dr Arnold Josefson, lecturer on internal medicine, who, during the summer, was temporarily chief physician at the clinical surgery of the hospital infirmary, went, as soon as the news of Lazaro’s illness reached him, to the hospital from the medical station at Stocksund where he had been on duty during the Marathon Race. As soon as he had examined the patient, Dr Jo- sefson saw that the case was a very serious one and that it would probably prove fatal. The treatment of the invalid was continued without a moment’s intermission, and with the greatest attention, but it was impossible to save Lazaros’ life, and he died at 6 a. m., the following day, July 15. The post-mortem examination was carried out by Dr Folke Henschen, experimenter pro tem., and the clinical diagnosis was fully confirmed by the examination. A Bohemian competitor who, it was stated, was found lying senseless on the road, was taken in a motor car to the medical station at Stocksund. On his arrival there he was found to be suffering from giddiness; his pulse was slow, and he complained of an insufferable headache. Continuous treatment with cold appliances gradually brought him to his senses, but Dr Josefson thought it wisest to take him to the Royal Seraphim Hospital, which he left the following day, however, quite restored. This was, most certainly, another case of sunstroke. Two other competitors in the Marathon race came to the medical station at Stocksund, complaining of a severe headache, both of them being among the youngest of the competitors. One of them, who was led to the station by a boy-scout, suffered somewhat from giddiness as well as from headache. There is a possibility that both of these cases, too, were sunstroke. A couple of days after the Marathon race, the 7 doctors who had been on duty at the Stadium competitions, sent in a document to the International Olympic Committee with reference to Lazaro’s death, stating that, if it is thought that the Marathon race in its present form ought to be retained on the programme of the Games in future Olym-

840 piads, it ought to be run during the coolest part of the day. The doctors on duty at the Games were of the unanimous opinion that the Marathon race, as an athletic feat, is not of such value as to counter- balance the risk that attends it.

B. THE CYCLING ROAD RACE ROUND LAKE MÄLAR. The medical examination of the competitors in the cycling race round Lake Mälar, took place on July 6 at midday, in one of the rooms of the Engelbrekt primary school, Valhallavägen. As, however, a number of the competitors were not present at the examination, Drs E. Levin and K. A. Fries went to the start at Liljeholmen and there examined those competitors who had not previously been seen by the doctors. An accident that could easily have been a most serious one, happened to a Swedish cyclist, K. J. Landsberg, who, immediately after starting, at 5 a. m. on July 7, came into a collision with a carelessly driven motor car and fell. He was at once carried back in the car to the starting place, where the examination that was at once made showed that he was suffering from a slight concussion of the brain and that he had also received several somewhat severe contusions. After the injured man had been temporarily bandaged and had been given an injection of morphine, he was taken in an ambulance carriage to St. Mary’s hospital, which he left a week afterwards, quite restored to health. After having completed the race, a number of the cyclists were treated at the doctor’s room in the Stadium for contusions and other slight injuries, got by falling or other accidents on the way. A report of these is given elsewhere together with that respecting the work of the doctors at the Stadium. Apart from these unimportant injuries, all the competitors that completed the course passed the tape in perfect condition. C. THE ROWING COMPETITIONS. The measures for giving medical aid at the rowing competitions of the Olympic Games were entrusted to Dr Gustaf Wigh, surgeon-captain, attached to the Royal Uppland Infantry. The competitors in the rowing matches were all young men, 18—24 years of age, well built and well developed. When half the period of training was over, the competitors in the Swedish teams were examined by Dr Wigh, when their condition in every respect was found satisfactory in the case of all but one man, who was discovered to have a somewhat irregular action of the heart, with the car- diacal murmurs not quite distinct. The same man was examined again after another fortnight’s training, and was then found to be plainly suffering from enlargement of the heart, with irregular action of the heart, and albumin in the urine. He was advised to leave off training at once and take a thorough rest, the result of which was, that after little more than a week, he was free from these symptoms and felt quite well again. 841 Dr. Wigh’s assistance was not once asked for by any of the foreign competitors in the rowing matches, neither did there occur anything during the matches themselves that necessitated his interference. Dr. Wigh points out that all the rowers, after ceasing rowing on reaching the winning post, showed signs of excessive exhaustion, some- times in a most alarming degree. All of the men, however re- covered from this in an astonishingly short time. Dr. Wigh considers it indisputable, however, that the presence of a medical man at rowing matches is most desirable, as there always exists a possibility of this exhaustion taking a dangerous form.

D. THE SWIMMING COMPETITIONS. The medical arrangements at the swimming competitions of the Olympic Games were in the hands of Drs. K. A. Fries, A. Franzén and N. Granér. A doctor’s room had been specially arranged as near to the swimming course as possible,and one medical man at least, and, as a rule, two, were constantly present at the Swimming Stadium when the competitions took place. Compared with the work of the physicians and the rest of the medical staff at the Stadium proper, the doctors at the swimming competitions had but little to do. The cases treated were few in number and of little interest. Narrow escapes from somewhat serious accidents were not wanting, however, so that the constant presence of the doctors at the swimming competitions need by no means be considered as an exaggerated measure of precaution.

842 STATISTICS, LIST OF OFFI= CIALS AND COMPETITORS. THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF TO-DAY. A SHORT REVIEW. he wave of interest in, and appreciation of, physical culture and hygiene which, towards the close of the 19:th century, swept over the whole of Europe, found a perfectly logical expression in the establishment of the modern Olympic Games. In nearly every country of the civilized world, clear-sighted patriots directed their endeavours towards the employment of physical exercises as a means of elevating the vitality and the capacity for work of the individual, and, thereby, of the entire nation. What, then, was more natural than that, after antiquarian zeal and study had shed their light on the classic Olympic Games and their influence on the culture of their times, the world should unite in a desire to revive these Games which, in all truth, form a worthy example of the steps that should be taken to train mankind to-day to manliness and strength. It is France and a Frenchman that have the honour of originating this thought. It was Baron Pierre de Coubertin who, in the spring of 1893, made the first proposal to re-establish the Olympic Games and, on his initiative, representatives of the athletic organizations of various countries assembled on the 16 July, 1894, in the Grand Hall of the Sorbonne University, in Paris. The meeting discussed the possibility of instituting the Games, and the greatest interest was displayed in every quarter. The International Olympic Committee was formed at this initial meeting, and was entrusted with the task of arranging Olympic Games at regular intervals, and at various places in the civilized world. It must be acknowledged, however, that the Anglo-Saxon race had specially and most thoroughly prepared the way for these modem Olympic Games, for, long before their establishment, the athletic life of England had been taken as the model on which most other nations fashioned theirs.

845 Classic soil was chosen as the scene of the first modern Olympiad — an honour legitimately demanded by the home of the classic Olympic Games. Athens, in 1896, saw the first Olympic meeting of the athletics of the modern world; four years later the turn came to Paris. The third was held in St. Louis, in 1904; the fourth in London, 1908 and the fifth in Stockholm, in 1912. In Greece, a wish arose to have the permanent home of the Games in that country, and, as an expression of that desire, a special Olympic Committee organized Olympic Games in Athens, in 1906, intended to be repeated every fourth year, i. e., between the official, International Games. The International Olympic Committee, however, insists on the Games taking place at the proper interval, at different places in the civilized world. The Olympiads hitherto held bear witness, by the interest they have excited among the athletes of the world and by the results hitherto attained, to the unheard-of, rapid development of the Inter- national athletic movement. Athens 1896. A great deal was done to publish to the world the holding of the first Modern Olympic Games in Athens in 1896, and quite a large number of competitors were entered — especially if judged by the then existing conditions, and the Games were, without doubt, the greatest athletic festival hitherto held in our times. The United States of America, especially, sent a very representative team which gained many brilliant victories, and Great Britain, too, was represented by some skilful athletes. France was victorious in the cycle races and in fencing; Germany easily won the gymnastic competition. Hungary’s wreaths were gained by clever swimmers, and the names of other countries, too, can be found in the list of winners. Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, each took a prize in the shooting competitions. Sweden was victorious in the high jump, and Denmark in the weight-lifting competitions, while Greece itself won a brilliant victory in the Marathon Race. The thoughts of carrying out the first modern Olympic Games on classic ground at Athens, was an exceedingly happy thought. It gave the Games a certain stamp, and the Greeks heartily appreciated the respect thus paid to their ancient glories, and showed an enthusiasm and an energy that were simply unique. Greece fulfilled with honour its task of arranging the first Modern Olympic Games. Paris 1900. The second Olympiad, in Paris, 1900, was somewhat quieter, for the French did not show all the interest in the Games that might have been expected. Not enough was done to attract the athletes of foreign nations to the competitions, and not so many were present as at Athens four years previously. A first class team from the U. S. A. took part in the Games however, and won nearly every competition. S:t Louis 1904. In consequence of the Olympic Games of 1904 taking place in one of the western states of the New World, the third Olympiad, too, did not enjoy the same international stamp as the Games of 1896,

846 as far as regards the number of competitors present, at least. Several European nations sent representatives, but most of the athletes taking part in the Games were from the U. S. A. It is stated that no less than 390 competitions were held, of which only 14 were won by others than representatives of the U. S. A. Athens 1906. At the Games of Paris and S:t Louis the mistake had been committed of holding the competitions through the course of an entire summer. In Athens, in 1906, on the other hand, they were given a very concentrated form, all the competitions taking place within the limit of 14 days, and an attempt had been made to so arrange the competitions that those wishing to do so could attend everyone of them, and so that, while a competition was going on in the Stadium, no other event should be held anywhere else. The rowing-, swimming-, shooting-, fencing-, lawn tennis-, and football competitions, however, had to be arranged at various places within and outside the city. The Athenian meeting of 1906 had that festive stamp which, among all the modern Games hitherto held, had marked none but those cele- brated at the capital of Greece; ten years before. It was estimated that, during the Games, the ordinary population of Athens was increased by 100,000 souls, the total number of foreigners being about 40,000. The Stadium, which can contain 50,000 spectators, was occupied to the last place, and outside the doors stood tens of thousands of persons, wishing, but unable, to obtain admission. These Games of Athens mark the beginning of the outburst of enthusiasm for the athletic movement which found such perfect expression in the Games of Lon- don, in 1908, and of Stockholm, in 1912. The order of merit in the field and track events, as decided by the number of prizes won at the Games of Athens, in 1906 was: U. S. A., 21; Sweden, 11; Great Britain, 9; Greece, 4; Hungary, 4; Australia, 2; Canada, 2; Germany 2; Belgium 1; Finland, 1; France 1. London 1908. The Fourth Olympiad, held in London in 1908, embraced 109 competitions, divided into two classes: “Summer Sports and Winter Sports”. These Games showed an enormous increase in the number of active competitors, no less than 2,666 athletes taking part in the various events; 2,184 in the summer competitions, and 482 in the winter sports, these numbers representing 22 nations. The best ten nations in the Fourth Olympiad were: Great Britain, 1311/6 ; U. S. A., 44 1/3 ; Sweden, 23 1/3; France, 16’/~; Canada, I 2’J3; Germany, 9½; Hungary 7 x/3; Norway, 8; Italy, 4; Belgium 6 points. It is now impossible to obtain complete lists of results of the preceding Olympiads, so that, for the sake of comparison, the following table of results obtained at previous Olympic Games in- cludes merely field and track events (pure athletics), and the competitions most nearly allied to them, and of which reliable lists of results still exist, while a second table is appended, giving the present Olympic Records.

847 Results obtained in the preceding Olympic Games in the so=called “Stadium=events”.

Competition Athens 1896 Paris 1900 S:t Louis 1904. London 1908. Athens 1906.

m. Flat Kraenzlein, U. S. A. Hahn, U. S. A. Burke, U. S. A. Jarvis, Hahn, Walker, South Afr. Hahn, U. S. A. Tewksbury, Hahn, Kerr, Canada Burke, U, S. A. Long, Hillman, Halswell, G. Britain Pilgrim, U. S. A. Flack, G. Britain Tysoe, G. Britain Lightbody, Sheppard, U. S. A. Pilgrim, Flack, Bennet, Lightbody, Sheppard, Lightbody Hurdle race m. Curtis, U. S. A. Kraenzlein, U. S. A. Schule, Smithson, Leavitt, m. Kraenzlein, Hillman, m. Tewksbury, Hillman, Bacon, U. S. A. Steeple-chase m. Orton, Lightbody Russel, G. Britain. Rimmer, G. Britain Marathon race Louis. Greece. Teato, France Hicks, U. S. A. Hayes, U. S. A. Sherring, Canada Broad jump Clark, U. S. A. Kraenzlein, U. S. A. Prinstein, Irons, Prinstein, U. S. A. High jump Clark, Baxter, Jones, Porter, Leahy, G. Britain Hop, step and jump Conolly, G. Britain Prinstein, Prinstein, Ahearne, G. Britain O’Connor, Standing broad jump Ewry, Ewry, Ewry, U. S. A. Ewry, U. S. A. high Ewry, Ewry, Ewry, Ewry, hop, step and jump Ewry, Ewry, Pole jump. Hoyt, U. S. A Baxter, Dvorak, Gilbert, U. S. A. Gonder, France Putting the weight Garret, Sheldon, Rose, Rose, Sheridan, U. S. A. Throwing the discus Garret, Baur, Hungary Sheridan, Sheridan, Sheridan, Greek style Jaervinen, Finland Throwing the hammer Flanagan, U. S. A. Flanagan, U. S. A. Flanagan, U. S. A. weight (56 lb) Desmarteau, Canada Weight lifting, one hand Elliot, G. Britain Osthoff, Steinbach, Austria two hands Jensen, Denmark Kakousis, Greece Toffalos, Greece Tug-of-War Milwaukee, U. S. A. Great Britain Germany Team race New York A. C., U. S. A. Great Britain 5 Engl. miles Flat Hawtrey, G. Britain Throwing the stone Georgantas, Greece Throwing javelin, held in middle Lemming, Sweden Lemming, Sweden free style Lemming, Pentathlon Mellander, Sweden Walking race 1,500 m. Bonbag, U. S. A.

848 54 Fifth Olympiad 849 OLYMPIC RECORDS.

Made at the Competition Holder Record Olympic Games of

Athletics. metres Flat D.F.Lippincott,U.S.A. Stockholm 1912. A. Hahn, U. S. A. St. Louis 1904. C. D. Reidpath, U.S.A. Stockholm 1912. J. E. Meredith,U.S.A. 1912. A. N. S. Jackson, Great Britain 1912. H. Kolehmainen, Fin- land 1912. H. Kolehmainen, Fin- land 1912. miles Race E. R. Voigt, Great Bri- tain London 1908. metres Flat H. Kolehmainen, Fin- land Stockholm 1908. Marathon Race K. K. Mc Arthur, Syd- Africa 1912. Hurdle Race meters F. C. Smithson, U.S.A. London 1908. Hurdle Race H. L. Hillman, U. S. A. St. Louis 1904. Hurdle Race H. L. Hillman, U. S. A. 1904. Walking Race met. G. E. Lamer, Great Britain London 1908. Walking Race G.H.Goulding, Canada Stockholm 1908. Walking Race miles G. E. Lamer, Great Britain London 1908. Running High Jump A.W. Richards, U.S.A. Stockholm 1912. Standing High Jump R. C. Ewry, U.S. A. Paris 1900. Running Broad Jump A.L. Gutterson, U.S.A. Stockholm 1912. Standing Broad Jump R. C. Ewry, U.S. A. St. Louis 1904. Hop, Step and Jump T. J. Ahearne, Great Britain London 1908. Pole Jump H. S. Babcock, U.S.A. Stockholm 1912. Throwing the Javelin, b. h. J. Saaristo, Finland 1912. Throwing the Javelin. r. & l. h. J. Saaristo, Finland 1912. Throwing the Discus, b. h. A. R. Taipale, Finland 1912. Throwing the Discus, r. & l. h. A. R. Taipale, Finland 1912. Putting the Weight, b. h P. Mc Donald, U. S. A. 1912. Putting the Weight, r. & l. h. Ralph W. Rose, U.S.A. 1912. Throwing the Hammer M. J. McGrath, U. S. A. 1912. 850 Made at the Competition Holder Record Olympic Games of

Relay Race, 400 metres, (4 x 100 m.) Germany Stockholm 1912. Relay Race, 1,600 metres, (4 x 400 m.) U. S. A. 1912. Relay Race, 1,600 metres, (200, 200, 400, 800 m.) U. S. A. London 1908.

Swimming. 100 metres, free style Duke P. Kahanamoku, U. S. A. Stockholm 1912. back stroke H. Hebner, U. S. A. 1912. breast stroke W. Bathe, Germany 1912. free style G.R. Hodgson, Canada 1912. breast stroke W. Bathe, Germany 1912. free style G.R. Hodgson, Canada 1912. Team Race, 800 metres, (4 x 200 m.) Australasia 1912. 100 metres, free style, ladies Fanny Durack, Austral- asia 1912. Team Race, 400 metres, ladies (4 x 100 m .) Great Britain 1912.

851 PRIZE=WINNERS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM, 1912.

Field and Track Athletics.

100 m. Flat. I. R. C. CRAIG U. S. A. II. A. MEYER U. S. A. III. D. F. LIPPINCOTT U. S. A.

200 m. Flat. I. R. C. CRAIG U. S. A. II. D. F. LIPPINCOTT U. S. A. III. W. R. APPLEGARTH Great Britain

400 m. Flat. I. C. D. REIDPATH U. S. A. II. H. BRAUN Germany III. E. F. J. LINDBERG U. S. A.

800 m. Flat. I. J. MEREDITH U. S. A. II. M. W. SHEPPARD U. S. A. III. I. N. DAVENPORT U. S. A.

1,500 m. Flat. I. A. N. S. JACKSON Great Britain II. A. R. KIVIAT U. S. A. III. N. S. TABER U. S. A.

5,000 m. Flat. I. H. KOLEHMAINEN Finland II. J. BOUIN France III. G. W. HUTSON Great Britain

10,000 m. Flat. I. H. KOLEHMAINEN Finland II. L. TEWANIMA U. S. A. III. A. STENROOS Finland

Marathon Race 40,200 m. I. K. K. MC ARTHUR South Africa II. C. W. GITSHAM South Africa III. G. STROBINO U. S. A.

852 Hurdle Race 110 m. I. F. W. KELLY U. S. A. II. J. WENDELL U. S. A. III. W. M. HAWKINS U. S. A.

Walking Race 10,000 m. I. G. H. GOULDING Canada II. E. J. WEBB Great Britain III. F. ALTIMANI Italy

Running High Jump. I. A. W. RICHARDS U. S. A. II. H. LIESCHE Germany III. G. L. HORINE U. S. A.

Standing High Jump.

I. PLATT ADAMS U. S. A. II. BEN ADAMS U. S. A. III. C. TSICLITIRAS Greece

Running Broad Jump. I. A. L. GUTTERSON U. S. A. II. C. D. BRICKER Canada III. G. ÅBERG Sweden

Standing Broad Jump. I. C. TSICLITIRAS Greece II. PLATT ADAMS U. S. A. III. BEN ADAMS U. S. A.

Hop, step and jump. I. G. LINDBLOM Sweden II. G. ÅBERG Sweden III. E. ALMLÖF Sweden Pole Jump.

I. H. S. BABCOCK U. S. A. II. FR. TH. NELSON U. S. A. II. M. S. WRIGHT U. S. A. III. F. D. MURPHY U. S. A. III. B. UGGLA Sweden III. W. HAPPENNY Canada Throwing the Javelin, best hand.

I. E. LEMMING Sweden II. J. J. SAARISTO Finland III. M. KOVÁCS Hungary Throwing the Javelin, right and left hand.

I. J. J. SAARISTO Finland II. W. SIIKANIEMI Finland III. U. PELTONEN Finland Throwing the Discus, best hand. I. A. R. TAIPALE Finland II. R. L. BYRD U. S. A. III. J. H. DUNCAN U. S. A.

853 Throwing the Discus, right and left hand.

I. A. R. TAIPALE Finland II. E. NIKLANDER Finland III. E. MAGNUSSON Sweden

Putting the Weight, best hand.

I. P. Mc DONALD U. S. A. Il. R. W. ROSE U. S. A. III. L. A. WHITNEY U. S. A.

Putting the Weight, right and left hand.

I. R. W. ROSE U. S. A. II. P. Mc DONALD U. S. A. III. E. NIKLANDER Finland Throwing the Hammer.

I. M. J. MCGRATH U. S. A. II. D. GILLIS Canada III. C. CH. CHILDS U. S. A. Pentathlon. points I. F. R. BIE Norway II. J. J. DONAHUE U. S. A. III. F. L. LUKEMAN Canada Decathlon. points. I. H. WIESLANDER Sweden 11. C. LOMBERG Sweden 111. G. HOLMÉR Sweden Relay Race 400 m. I. GREAT BRITAIN II. SWEDEN Relay Race 1,600 m. I. U. S. A. II. FRANCE III. GREAT BRITAIN

Team Race 3,000 m. I. U. S. A. points. II. SWEDEN III. GREAT BRITAIN

Tug-of-War. I. SWEDEN. II. GREAT BRITAIN. Cross-Country Race: 8,000 m., ind. comp. I. H. KOLEHMAINEN Finland II. HJ. AKDERSSON Sweden III. J. EKE Sweden Cross-Country Race: 8,000 m., team comp. I. SWEDEN points. II. FINLAND III. GREAT BRITAIN

854 Cycling Road Race round Lake Mälar. Individual Competition.

I. R. LEWIS South Africa II. F. H. GRUBB Great Britain III. C. O. SCHUTTE U. S. A. Team Competition.

I. SWEDEN II. GREAT BRITAIN III. U. S. A.

Fencing.

Ind. Competition with foils

I. N. NADI Italy II. P. SPECIALE Italy III. R. VERDERBER Austria

Épée team Competition. I. BELGIUM. II. GREAT BRITAIN. III. HOLLAND.

Ind. Épée Competition.

I. P. ANSPACH Belgium II. I. OSSIER Denmark III. P. LE HARDY DE BEAULIEU Belgium

Sabre Team Competition. I. HUNGARY. II. AUSTRIA. III. HOLLAND.

Ind. Sabre Competition.

I. J. FUCHS Hungary II. B. BÉKESSY Hungary III. E. MESZAROS Hungary

Football. I. GREAT BRITAIN. II. DENMARK. III. HOLLAND.

Gymnastics.

Team Competition I.

I. SWEDEN points. II. DENMARK III. NORWAY Team Competition II. I. ITALY points. II. HUNGARY III. GREAT BRITAIN

855 Team Competition 111 I. NORWAY points. II. FINLAND III. DENMARK

Ind. Competition.

I. A. BRAGLIA Italy points. II. L. SÉGURA France III. A. TUNESI Italy

Horse Riding Competitions.

Military, Team Competition. I. SWEDEN. II. GERMANY. III. U. S. A.

Military, Ind. Competition.

I. Lieutenant A. NORDLANDER Sweden II. Oberleutnant VON ROCHOW Germany III. Capitaine J. CARIOU France

Prize Riding.

I. Captain, Count C. BONDE Sweden II. Major G. A. BOLTENSTERN Sweden III. Lieutenant, Baron H. VON BLIXEN-FINECKE Sweden

Prize Jumping, Ind. Competition. I. Capitaine J. CARIOU France II. Oberleutnant VON KRÖCHER Germany III. Capitaine E. DE BLOMMAERT Belgium

Prize Jumping, Team Competition. I. SWEDEN. II. FRANCE. III. GERMANY.

Lawn Tennis.

Covered Courts. Gentlemen’s Singles. I. A. GOBERT France II. C. P. DIXON Great Britain III. A. F. WILDING Australasia

Ladies’ Singles.

I. E. M. HANNAM Great Britain II. T. G. S. CASTENSCHIOLD Denmark III. M. B. PARTON Great Britain

Gentlemen’s Doubles. I. A. GOBERT—M. GERMOT France II. G. SETTERWALL—G. KEMPE Sweden III. C. P. DIXON—A. E. BEAMISH Great Britain 856 Mixed Doubles. I. E. M. HANNAM—C. P. DIXON Great Britain II. F. H. AITCHISON—H. ROP.-BARKETT Great Britain III. S. FICK—G. SETTERWALL Sweden

Out-of-door Courts. Gentlemen's Singles. I. C. L. WINSLOW South Africa II. H. A. KITSON South Africa III. O. KREUZER Germany

Ladies’ Singles.

I. M. BROQUEDIS France II. D. KÖRING Germany III. M. BJURSTEDT Norway

Gentlemen’s Doubles.

I. H. A. KITSON—C. L. WINSLOW South Africa II. A. ZBORZIL—F. PIPES Austria III. A. CANET—M. MÉNY France

Mixed Doubles. I. D. KÖRING—H. SCHOMBURGK Germany II. S. FICK—G. SETTERWALL Sweden III. M. BROQUEDIS—A. CANET France

Modern Pentathlon. I. G. LILLIEHÖÖK Sweden II. G. ÅSBRINK Sweden III. G. DE LAVAL Sweden

Rowing. Eights, outriggers. I. LEANDER CLUB Great Britain II. NEW COLLEGE Great Britain Fours, outriggers. I. LUDWIGSHAFEN RUDER GES. Germany II. THAMES ROWING CLUB Great Britain Fours, inriggers. I. DENMARK. II. SWEDEN. Single Sculls. I. W. D. KINNEAR Great Britain II. P. VEIRMAN Belgium

Shooting. I. Army Rifle Shooting a. Team Competition. I. U. S. A. points. II. GREAT BRITAIN III. SWEDEN 857 b. Ind. Competition. I. P. R. COLAS France points. II. C. T. OSBURN U. S. A III. J. E. JACKSON U. S. A

c. Ind. Competition. I. A. PROKOPP Hungary points. II. C. F. OSBURN U. S. A. III. E. E. SKOGEN Norway

II. Shooting with any Rifle. d. Team Competition. I. SWEDEN points. II. NORWAY III. DENMARK

e. lnd. Competition. I. P. R. COLAS France points. II. J. L. MADSEN Denmark III. N. H. D. LARSEK Denmark

III. Miniature-Rifle Shooting. f. Team Competition. I. GREAT BRITAIN points. II. SWEDEN III. U. S. A.

g. Ind. Competition. I. F. S. HIRD U. S. A. points. II. W. MILNE Great Britain III. H. BURT Great Britain

h. Team Competition. I. SWEDEN points. II. GREAT BRITAIN III. U. S. A.

i. Ind. Competition. I. W. CARLBERG Sweden points. II. J. H. VON HOLST Sweden III. G. ERICSSON Sweden

IV. Revolver and Pistol Shooting. j. Team Competition. I U. S. A. points. II SWEDEN III. GREAT BRITAIN

k. Ind. Competition. I. A. P. LANE U. S. A. points. II. P. J. DOLFEN U. S. A. III. G. E. STEWARD Great Britain

858 l. Team Competition.

I. SWEDEN points. II. RUSSIA III. GREAT BRITAIN

m. Ind. Competition. points. I. A. P. LANE U. S. A. II. P. PALEN Sweden III. H. VON HOLST Sweden

V. Clay Bird Shooting. n. Team competition. I. U. S. A. points. II. GREAT BRITAIN III. GERMANY

o. Ind. Competition. points. I. J. R. GRAHAM U. S. A. II. A. GOELDEL Germany III. H. BLAU Russia

VI. Running Deer Shooting. p. Team Competition. points. I. SWEDEN II. U. S. A. III. FINLAND

q. Ind. Competition, single shots. points. I. A. SWAHN Sweden II. Å. LUNDEBERG Sweden III. N. TOIVONEN Finland r. Ind. Competition, double shots.

I. Å. LUNDEBERG Sweden points. II. E. BENEDICKS Sweden III. O. G. SWAHN Sweden

Swimming.

100 m. free style.

I. DUKE PAOA KAHANAMOKU U. S. A. II. C. HEALY Australasia III. K. HUSZAGH U. S. A. 100 m. back stroke.

I. H. HEBNER U. S. A. II. O. FAHR Germany III. P. KELLNER Germany 200 m. breast stroke.

I. W. BATHE Germany II. W. LÜTZOW Germany III. P. MALISH Germany 859 400 m. free style.

I. G. HODGSON Canada II. J. HATFIELD Great Britain III. H. HARDWICK Australasia

400 m. breast stroke.

I. W. BATHE Germany II. T. HENNING Sweden III. Y. COURTMAN Great Britain

1,500 m. free style.

I. G. HODGSON Canada II. J. HATFIELD Great Britain III. H. HARDWICK Australasia High Diving.

I. E. ADLERZ Sweden points. II. HJ. JOHANSSON Sweden III. J. JANSSON Sweden

Plain and Variety Diving.

I. E. ADLERZ Sweden points. II. A. ZÜRNER Germany III. G. BLOMGREN Sweden

Spring-board Diving.

I. P. GÜNTHER Germany points. II. H. LUBER Germany III. K. BEHRENS Germany

100 m. free style, for Ladies. I. FANNY DURACK Australasia II. WILHELMINA WYLIE Australasia III. JENNIE FLETCHER Great Britain

High Plain Diving, for Ladies.

I. GRETA JOHANSSON Sweden points. II. LISA REGNELL Sweden III. ISABELLE WHITE Great Britain

800 m. Team Race.

I. AUSTRALASIA II. U. S. A. III. GREAT BRITAIN

Water Polo. I. GREAT BRITAIN. II. SWEDEN. III. BELGIUM.

400 m. Team Race, for Ladies. I. GREAT BRITAIN II. GERMANY III. AUSTRIA 860 Wrestling.

Feather Weight. Finland I. KALLE KOSKELO Germany II. GEORG GERSTACKER Finland III. O. A. LASANEN Light Weight. Finland I. E. E. WÄRE Sweden II. C. H. MALMSTRÖM Finland III. E. MATIASSON Middle Weight A. Sweden I. C. E. JOHANSSON Russia II. M. KLEIN Finland III. A. ASIKAINEN

Middle Weight B. I. A. O. AHLGREN Sweden II. I. T. BOLING Finland III. B. VARGA Hungary Heavy Weight.

I. U. SAARELA Finland II. J. OLIN Finland III. S. M. JENSEN Denmark

Yacht Racing.

12-M. class.

I. MAGDA IX Norway II. ERNA-SIGNE Sweden III. HEATHERBELL Finland 10-M. class. I. KITTY Sweden II. NINA Finland III. GALLIA II Russia

8-M. class. I. TAUFIN Norway II. SANS ATOUT Sweden III. LUCKY GIRL Finland

6-M. class. I. MAC MICHE France II. NURDUG II Denmark III. KERSTIN Sweden

861 WINNERS OF THE OLYMPIC CHALLENGE PRIZES.

Competition Presented by Won by

Pentathlon H. M. the King of Sweden F. R. Bie, Norway Decathlon H. M. the Emperor of Russia H. Wieslander, Sweden Marathon Race H. M. the King of Greece K. K. Mc Arthur, South Africa Throwing the Discus, best hand M:me G. de Montgomery A. R. Taipale, Finland Fencing, team comp.,Épée The British Fencers Belgium Sabre The City of Buda-Pesth Hungary Football The Football Association Great Britain Gymnastics, ind. competition The City of Prague G. A. Braglia, Italy Military H. M. the Emperor of Germany Sweden Prize Riding H. M. the Emperor of Austria Count C. Bonde, Sweden Prize Jumping, ind. comp. Count Géza Andrássy Captain J. Cariou, France team comp. H. M. the King of Italy Sweden Horse Riding Comps. The Swedish Cavalry Sweden Modern Pentathlon Baron P. de Coubertin G. Lilliehöök, Sweden Rowing, eights Count Brunetta d’Usseaux Great Britain Clay Bird Shooting, ind. competition Lord Westbury J. R. Graham, United States Swimming, 1,500 metres Count Brunetta d’Usseaux G. Hodgson, Canada Ladies’ High Diving Countess de Casa Miranda Greta Johansson, Sweden Wrestling, heavy weight The Gold & Silversmiths C:o U. Saarela, Finland Yacht Racing,6-metre classThe French Government G. Thubé and G. Fitau, France

LIST OF COMPETITORS WHO WON THREE I:ST PRIZES.

Name Nation Competition

H. KOLEHMAINEN Finland 5,000 m. Flat. 10,000 m. Flat. Cross Country Race, 8,000 m. W. CARLBERG Sweden Miniature-Rifle Shooting, team competition, 25 metres. Miniature-Rifle Shooting, ind. competition, 25 metres. Revolver and Pistol Shooting, team competition, 30 metres. A. P. LANE U.S.A. Revolver and Pistol Shooting, team competition, 50 metres. Revolver and Pistol Shooting, ind, competititon, 50 metres. Revolver and Pistol Shooting, ind. competition, 30 metres.

862 LIST OF COMPETITORS, WHO WON TWO I:ST PRIZES.

Name Nation Competition

R. C. CRAIG U. S. A. 100 m. Flat. 200 C. D. REIDPATH 400 m. Flat. Relay Race 1,600 m. J. MEREDITH 800 m. Flat. Relay Race 1,600 m. J. R. GRAHAM Clay Bird Shooting, team competition. ind.

A. NORDLANDER Sweden Horse Riding Competitions, Military, team competition. Horse Riding Competitions, Military, ind. competition. E. ADLERZ High Diving. Plain and Variety Diving. A. SWAHN Running Deer Shooting, team comp. , ind. comp., single shots. ÅKE LUNDEBERG Running Deer Shooting, team comp. ind. comp., double shots. A. GOBERT France Lawn Tennis (covered courts) Gentle- men’s Singles. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Gentle- men’s Doubles. P. R. COLAS Army Rifle Shooting, ind. competition 600 m. Shooting with any Rifle, ind. competition 300 m. P. ANSPACH Belgium Fencing, Épée team competition. Ind. Épée competition. G. HODGSON Canada Swimming, 400 m. free style. 1,500 A. R. TAIPALE Finland Throwing the Discus, best hand. , right & left hand. G. A. BRAGLIA Italy Gymnastics, Team Competition II. ind. competition. Mrs. E. M. HANNAM Great Britain Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Ladies’ Singles. Lawn Tennis (covered courts) Mixed Doubles. C. L. WINSLOW South Africa Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Gent- lemen’s Singles. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Gent- lemen’s Doubles. J. FUCHS Hungary Fencing, Sabre team competition. Ind. Sabre competition.

863 OFFICIAL CALCULATION OF POINTS. (1:st prize = 3 points; 2:nd prize = 2 points; 3:rd prize = 1 point.

Number Number Number Number Number Number Total of times of times Total Nation of of 1:st of 2:nd of 3:rd number placed placed of points prizes prizes prizes of prize fourth* fifth* placings

Sweden U. S. A. Great Britain Finland Germany France Denmark Norway South Africa Hungary Canada Italy Australasia Belgium Russia Austria Greece Holland Bohemia Luxemburg

* In such competitions where it was possible to place 4 or 5 men or a team.

CALCULATION OF POINTS FOR THE CONCOURS D’ART.

1st 2nd Nation Points prize prize

Italy U. S. A. Switzerland Germany France

864 COMPARISON BETWEEN THE SWEDISH OFFICIAL CALCULATION OF POINTS (1:st prize 3 points; 2:nd prize 2 points; 3:rd prize 1 point)

AND THE “ENGLISH” METHOD OF CALCULATING POINTS. (1:st prize 5 points; 2:nd prize 3 points; 3:rd prize 1 point)

1:st prizes 2:nd prizes 3:rd prizes Total Points

Accord. Accord. Nation Total Points Points Total Points Points Points Total to to 3 5 2 3 1 princ. princ. 3, 2, 1 5, 3, 1

Sweden

U. S. A.

Great Britain

Finland

Germany

France

Denmark

Norway

South Africa

Hungary Canada

Italy

Australasia

Belgium

Russia

Austria

Greece

Holland

55 Fifth Olympiad. 865 LIST OF THE PRIZES WON BY THE DIFFERENT NA- TIONS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM, 1912.

SWEDEN.

24 1:st prizes, 72 points: Field and Track Athletics: Hop, Step and Jump. Throwing the Javelin, best hand. Decathlon. Cross-country Race, team competition. Tug-of-War. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar, team competition. Gymnastics, team competition according to the Swedish system. Horse Riding Competitions, Military, team competition. ind. Prize Riding. Prize Jumping, team comp. Modem Pentathlon. Shooting with any rifle, team competition. Miniature Rifle, team competition, 25 metres. ind. , 25 Revolver and Pistol, team comp., 30 metres. Running Deer Comp., team competition. ind. comp., single shots. , double Swimming: Plain Diving. Plain and Variety Diving. Plain Diving, Ladies. Wrestling, Middle weight A. Yacht Racing, 10-metre class.

24 2:nd prizes 48 points: Field and Track Athletics: Hop, Step and Jump. Decathlon. Relay race 400 metres. Team race, 3,000 metres. Cross-country race, ind. competition. Horse Riding Competitions, Prize Riding. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Gentlemen’s Doubles. (out-of-door courts), Mixed Doubles. Modern Pentathlon. Rowing, Fours, inriggers. Shooting with Miniature Rifle, team comp., 50 metres. 866 Shooting with Miniature Rifle, ind. comp., 25 metres. Revolver and Pistol, team 50 ind. 30 Running Deer Comp., ind. comp., single shots. double Swimming; 400 metres breast stroke. Plain Diving. Ladies. Water Polo. Wrestling, Light weight. , Middle weight A. Yacht Racing, 12-metre class. 8- 16 3:rd prizes, 16 points: Field and Track Athletics: Running Broad Jump. Hop, Step and Jump. Throwing the Discus, right and left hand. Decathlon. Cross-country Race, ind. competition. Horse Riding Competitions, Prize Riding. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Mixed Doubles. Modern Pentathlon. Shooting with Army Rifle, team competition. Miniature Rifle, ind competition, 25 metres. Revolver and Pistol, ind. comp., 30 metres. Running Deer Comp., ind. comp., double shots. Swimming: Plain Diving. Plain and Variety Diving. Wrestling, Light weight. Yacht Racing, 6-metre class. Total 136 points.

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 23 1:st prizes, 69 points: Field and Track Athletics: 100 metres flat. 200 400 800 Hurdle race, 110 metres. Running High Jump. Standing Running Broad Jump. Pole Jump. Putting the weight, best hand. , right and left hand. Throwing the Hammer. Relay Race, 1,600 metres. Team Race, 3,000

867 Shooting with Army Rifle, team competition. Miniature Rifle, ind. comp. 50 metres. Revolver and Pistol, team comp., 50 m. , ind. 50 , 30 Clay Bird Competition, team competition. ind. Swimming: 100 metres Free style. 100 Back stroke.

18 2:nd prizes, 36 points: Field and Track Athletics: 100 metres flat. 200 800 1,500 10,000 Hurdle race, 110 metres. Standing High Jump. Standing Broad Jump. Pole Jump. Throwing the Discus, b. h. Putting the weight, best hand. , right and left hand. Pentathlon. Shooting with Army Rifle, ind. comp., 600 metres. 300 Revolver and Pistol, ind. comp., 50 metres. Running Deer Comp., team competition. Swimming, 800 metres team race.

19 3:rd prizes, 19 points: Field and Track Athletics: 100 metres flat. 400 800 1,500 Marathon Race. Hurdle race, 110 metres. Running High Jump. Standing Broad Jump. Pole Jump. Throwing the Discus, b. h. Putting the Weight, b. h. Throwing the Hammer. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar, ind. competition. , team Horse Riding competitions, Military, team competition. Shooting with Army Rifle, ind. competition, 600 metres. Miniature rifle, team comp., 50 metres. , , 25 Swimming, 100 metres free style. Total 124 points. 868 GREAT BRITAIN. 10 1:st prizes, 30 points: Field and Track Athletics: 1,500 metres flat. Relay race 400 metres. Football. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Ladies’ Singles, ( ), Mixed Doubles. Rowing, Eights. Single Sculls. Shooting with Miniature Rifle, team comp, 50 metres. Swimming: Water Polo. 400 metres team race, ladies.

15 2:nd prizes, 30 points Field and Track Athletics: Walking race 10,000 metres. Tug-of-War. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar, ind. competition. team Fencing: Épée team competition. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Gentlemen’s Singles. ( ), Mixed Doubles. Rowing, Eights. Fours, outriggers. Shooting with Army Rifle, team competition. Miniature Rifle, ind. comp., 50 metres. team 25 Clay Bird Competition, team competition. Swimming: 400 metres free style. 1,500

16 3:rd prizes, 16 points: Field and Track Athletics: 200 metres flat. 5,000 Relay race 1,600 metres. Team race 3,000 Cross-country Race, team competition. Gymnastics, team comp. according to special regulations. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Ladies’ Singles. ( ), Gentlemen’s Doubles. Shooting with Miniature Rifle, ind. comp., 50 metres. Revolver and Pistol, team comp., 50 m. , ind. 50 , team 30 Swimming, 400 metres breast stroke. 100 free style, ladies. Plain Diving, ladies. 800 metres, team race. Total 76 points.

FINLAND. 9 1:st prizes, 27 points: Field and Track Athletics: 5,000 metres flat. 10,000

869 Field and Track Athletics: Throwing the Javelin, right and left hand. Throwing the Discus, b. h. , right and left hand. Cross-country Race, ind. competition. Wrestling, Feather weight. , Light , Heavy 8 2:nd prizes, 16 points: Field and Track Athletics: Throwing the Javelin, b. h. , right and left hand. Throwing the Discus, right and left hand. Cross-country Race, team competition. Gymnastics, team competition, with free choice of movements and apparatus. Wrestling, Middle weight B. , Heavy weight. Yacht Racing, 10-metre class.

9 3:rd prizes, 9 points: Field and Track Athletics: 10,000 metres flat. Throwing the Javelin, right and left hand. Putting the Weight, right and left hand. Shooting: Running Deer Competition, team competition. ind. Wrestling, Feather weight. , Middle weight A. single shots. Yacht Racing, 12-metre class. 8- Total 52 points.

GERMANY. 5 1:st prizes, 15 points: Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Mixed Doubles. Rowing, Fours, outriggers. Swimming, 200 metres breast stroke. , 400 , Spring-board Plain Diving. 13 2:nd prizes, 26 points: Field and Track Athletics: 400 metres flat. Running High Jump. Horse Riding Competitions, Military, team competition. , , ind. , Prize Jumping, ind. comp. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Ladies’ Singles. 870 Shooting: Clay Bird Competition, ind. competition. Swimming, 100 metres back stroke. , 200 breast stroke. , Plain and Variety Diving. , Spring-board Diving. , 400 metres team race, ladies. Wrestling, Feather weight. 6 3:rd prizes, 6 points: Horse Riding competitions, Prize Jumping, team race. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts), Gentlemen’s Singles. Shooting: Clay Bird Competition, team competition. Swimming, 100 metres back stroke. , 200 metres breast stroke. , Spring-board Diving. Total 47 points. FRANCE. 7 1:st prizes, 21 points: Horse Riding Competitions, Prize Jumping, ind. competition. Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Gentlemen’s Singles. ( ), Doubles. (out-of-door courts), Ladies’ Singles. Shooting with Army Rifle, ind. competition, 600 metres. any rifle, Yacht Racing, 6-metre class. 4 2:nd prizes, 8 points: Field and Track Athletics: 5,000 metres flat. Relay race 1,600 metres, Gymnastics, ind. competition. Horse Riding Competition. Prize Jumping, team competition. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Horse Riding competition, Military, ind. competition. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts), Gentlemen’s Doubles. ( ), Mixed Doubles. Total 32 points. DENMARK. 1 1:st prize, 3 points: Rowing, Fours, inriggers. 6 2:nd prizes, 12 points: Football. Fencing: Épée ind. competition. Gymnastics, team competition according to Swedish system. Lawn Tennis (covered courts) Ladies’ Singles. Shooting with any rifle, ind. competition. Yacht Racing, 6-metre class. 4 3:rd prizes, 4 points: Wrestling, Heavy weight. Gymnastics, team competition, with free choice of movements and apparatus. Shooting with any rifle, team competition. , ind. Total 19 points. NORWAY. 4 1:st prizes, 12 points: Field and Track Athletics: Pentathlon. Gymnastics, team competition, with free choice of movements and apparatus.

871 Yacht Racing, 12-metre class. 8- 1 2:nd prize, 2 points: Shooting with any rifle, team competition. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Gymnastics, team competition according to Swedish system. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Ladies’ Singles. Shooting with Army Rifle, ind. competition, 300 metres. Total 17 points.

HUNGARY. 3 1:st prizes, 9 points: Fencing: Sabre team competition. ind. Shooting with Army Rifle, ind. competition, 300 metres. 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Fencing: Sabre ind. competition. Gymnastics, team competition according to special regulations. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Field and Track Athletics: Throwing the Javelin, best hand. Fencing: Sabre ind. competition. Wrestling, Middle weight B. Total 16 points. SOUTH AFRICA. 4 1:st prizes, 12 points: Field and Track Athletics: Marathon Race. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar, ind. competition. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts), Gentlemen’s Singles. ( ), Doubles. 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Field and Track Athletics: Marathon Race. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Singles. Total 16 points.

CANADA. 3 1:st prizes, 9 points: Field and Track Athletics: Walking race, 10,000 metres. Swimming, 400 metres free style. , 1,500 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Field and Track Athletics: Running Broad Jump. Throwing the Hammer. 1 3:rd prize, 1 point: Field and Track Athletics: Pentathlon. Total 14 points.

ITALY. 3 1:st prizes, 9 points: Fencing: Ind. competition with foils. Gymnastics, team competition according to special regulations. ind. competition. 1 2:nd prize, 2 points: Fencing: Ind. competition with foils. 2 3:rd prizes, 2 points: Field and Track Athletics: Walking rac 10,000 metres. Gymnastics, ind. competition. Total 13 points.

AUSTRALASIA. 2 1:st. prizes, 6 points: Swimming: 100 metres free style, ladies. 800 team race. 872 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Swimming: 100 metres free style. 100 ladies. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Lawn Tennis (covered courts), Gentlemen’s Singles. Swimming: 400 metres free style. 1,500 Total 13 points.

BELGIUM. 2 1:st prizes, 6 points: Fencing: Épée team competition. ind. 1 2:nd prize, 2 points: Rowing: Single Sculls. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Fencing: Épée ind. competition. Horse Riding competitions, Prize Jumping, ind. competition. Water Polo. Total 11 points.

RUSSIA. 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Shooting with Revolver and Pistol, team comp., 30 metres. Wrestling, Middle weight A. 2 3:rd prizes, 2 points: Shooting: Clay Bird Competition, ind. competition. Yacht Racing, 10-metre class. Total 6 points.

AUSTRIA. 2 2:nd prizes, 4 points: Fencing: Sabre team competition. Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts), Gentlemen’s Doubles. 2 3:rd prizes, 2 points: Fencing: Ind. competition with foils. Swimming: 400 metres team race, ladies. Total 6 points.

GREECE. 1 1:st prize, 3 points: Field and Track Athletics; Standing Broad Jump. 1 3:rd prize, 1 point: Field and Track Athletics: Standing High Jump. Total 4 points.

HOLLAND. 3 3:rd prizes, 3 points: Fencing: Épée team competition. Sabre Football. Total 3 points.

873 TABLE SHOWING THE N:R OF PRIZES WON BY THE NATIONS IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF ATHLETICS.

Horse Lawn Modern Gym- Yacht Athletics Cycling Fencing Football nastics Riding Tennis Pent- Rowing Shooting Swimming Wrestling athlon Racing Total Nation points

N:r of prizes Sweden Points N:r of prizes U. S. A. Points N:r of prizes Great Britain Points N:r of prizes Finland Points N:r of prizes Germany Points N:r of prizes France Points N:r of prizes Denmark Points N:r of prizes Norway Points N:r of prizes Hungary Points N:r of prizes South Africa Points N:r of prizes Canada Points N:r of prizes Italy Points N:r of prizes Australasia Points N:r of prizes Belgium Points N:r of prizes Russia Points N:r of prizes Austria Points N:r of prizes Greece Points N:r of prizes Holland Points

874 875 LIST OF DIPLOMAS OF MERIT AWARDED AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES 1912.

Athletics. 100 m. Flat. BELOTE, F. V U. S. A. DREW, H. P. PATCHING, G. H. South Africa

200 m. Flat: RAU, R. Germany REIDPATH, C. D. U. S. A. YOUNG, D. B,

400 m. Flat: HAFF, C. B. U. S. A. MEREDITH, J. E.

800 m. Flat: BRAUN, H. Germany BROCK. G. M. Canada CALDWELL, D. U. S. A.

1,500 m. Flat: JONES, J. P. U. S. A. WIDE, E. Sweden

5,000 m. Flat: BERNA, T. L. U. S. A. BONHAG, G. V. CARLSSON, M. Sweden DECOUTEAU, A. Canada

10,000 m. Flat: KEEPER, T. Canada

Hurdle Race: 110 m. CASE, J. R. U. S. A. NICHOLSON, J. P. POWELL, K. Great Britain

Walking Race 10,000 m. RASMUSSEN A. Denmark

876 Running High Jump: ERICKSON, E. R. U. S. A. GRUMPELT, H. J. JOHNSTONE J. O. KULLERSTRAND, K. Sweden THORPE, J. U. S. A.

Standing High Jump: BYRD, R. L. U. S. A. GOEHRING, L. MÖLLER, E, Sweden

Running Broad Jump: ALLEN, F. U. S. A. MERCER, E. WORTHINGTON, H.

Standing Broad Jump: GOEHRING, L. U. S. A. MALMSTEN G. Sweden MÖLLER, E.

Pole Jump: BELLAH, S. H. U. S. A.

Hop, Step and Jump: ADAMS, PLATT U. S. A. LARSÉN, E. Norway OHLSSON, HJ. Sweden WINNE, E. Norway

Pentathlon: BRUNDAGE, A. U. S. A. LUKEMAN, F. L. Canada MENAUL, J. A. U. S. A. WIESLANDER, H. Sweden

Decathlon: DONAHUE, J. J. U. S. A. HALT, K. Germany HOLMÉR, G. Sweden KUGELBERG, E. MERCER, E. L. R. U. S. A. WICKHOLM, W. Finland

Throwing the Javelin, best hand: HALME, J. Finland SIIKANIEMI, W. ÅBRINK, R. Sweden

Throwing the Javelin, right and left hand: HALSE, A. Norway JOHANSEN, D. V. LEMMING, E. Sweden NILSSON, O. ÅBRINK, R. 877 Throwing the Discus, best hand: MUCKS, A. M. U. S. A. NIKLANDER, E. Finland PHILBROOK, G. W. U. S. A. TRONNER, H. Austria

Throwing the Discus, right and left hand: DUNCAN, J. H. U. S. A. FLEETWOOD, F. Sweden LIND, C. J. MULLER, E. J. U. S. A. NILSSON, E. Sweden

Throwing the Hammer: CAREY, D. Great Britain JANZON, G. Sweden LIND C. J. LINDE, N. OHLSSON, C. R.

Putting the Weight, best hand: MUDIN, I. Hungary NIKLANDER, E. Finland NILSSON, E. Sweden PHILBROOK, G. W. U. S. A.

Putting the Weight, right and left hand: AHO, P. Finland NILSSON, E. Sweden WHITNEY. L. A. U. S. A.

Cross-Country Race 8,000 m.: HELLAWELL, H. H. U. S. A. JOHANSSON, F. W. Finland KYRÖNEN, J. W. LARSSON, B. Sweden RICHARDSON, L. South Africa SUNDQVIST, J. Sweden Marathon Race: ANDERSSON, C. Sweden BOISSIÈRE France DAHLBERG, HJ. Sweden DUFFY, J. Canada ERXLEBEN, J. U. S. A. FABRE, E. Canada FORSHAW, J:r J. U. S. A. FORSYTH, W. C. H. Canada GALLAGHER, J:r J. J. U. S. A. GREEN, H. Great Britain JACOBSSON, S. Sweden KWIETON, F. Austria LLOYD, E. W. Great Britain LORD, F. LILLEY, T. H. U. S. A. LUNDBERG, I. Sweden DE MAR, C. H. U. S. A. PIGGOT, R. F. 878 SAKELLAROPOULOS, H. P. Greece SIMONSEN, A. Norway SMITH, H. U. S. A. SOCKALEXIS, A. TEWANIMA, L. TOWNSEND, A. Great Britain WESTBERG, J. Sweden

Cycling. ANDREASEN, B. M. Norway MEISSNER I. A. U. S. A. APSIT, A. Russia MERCREDY, R. J. R. Ireland BAIER, P. R. Germany MERLIN, E. A. England BECHT, J. U. S. A. MEYLAND-SMITH, O. Denmark BIRKER, R. Germany MILLER, J. Scotland BJÖRK, G. Sweden MORÉN, H. Sweden BROWN, F. R. Canada MÜLLER, I. Hungary CAPELLE, A. France MÄNNEL. O. Germany DAVEY, C. F. England NIELSEN, V. Denmark DOWNEY, A. Chili OLSEN, G. EKSTRÖM, A. Sweden PIKE, J. K. U. S. A. FRIEDEMANN, A. Chili RABE, W. Germany GANGET, R. France RACINE, J. France GAYLER H. H. England RAITA, A. Finland GIBBON, A. W. RAMES, B. Bohemia GUY, F. Ireland RAMMER, R. Austria HANSEN, A. L. Norway RATHMAN, O. Germany HANSEN, CH. Denmark REIDER, J. HELLENSTEINER, J. Austria REINVALD, J. F. Denmark HENRIKSEN, P. G. E. Norway SMIEL, H. Germany HENSZELY, J. Hungary STEINERT, J. U. S. A. HIGGINS, F. C. England STEVENSEN, J. Scotland HILL, CH. Scotland STEVENSON, D. M. JONES, S. L. England THOMSON, R. KANKONEN, J. W. Finland TILKANEN, V. O. Finland KARLSSON, W. Sweden TORRES, J. P. Chili KOCH, M. Germany VÄRE, F. A. H. Finland KOFLER, A. Austria WACHA, A. Austria KOLLER, C. V. Chili WALKER, J. Ireland KOPSKY, J. G. U. S. A. WALKER, M. KRAMER, R. Austria WARSOW, G. Germany LEMNITZ, F. Germany WATSON, G. Canada LÜTHJE, C. WILSON, J. Scotland MAZUR, G. Hungary ZILKER, J. Austria

Fencing. Épée Team Competition: SWEDEN. Ind. competition with foils: ALAJMO, E. Italy BÉKESSY, B. Hungary BERTI, L. MONTGOMERIE R. Great Britain SELIGMAN, E. Ind. Épée competition: BOIN, V. Belgium HOLT, M. Great Britain SELIGMANN, E. SÖRENSEN, E. Sweden TOM, L. Belgium 879 Ind. Sabre competition: ANDRÉEFF, W. Russia FÖLDES, D. Hungary NADI, N. Italy SCHENKER, Z. Hungary TOTH, P. Hungary WERKNER, L.

Gymnastics. lndividual competition: GIORGIO, ZAMPORI Italy GUIDO, BONI GUIDO, ROMANO LALU, MARCEL France PIETRO, BIANCHI Italy TORRES, MARCUS France

Display: RUSSIA.

Lawn Tennis (covered courts): BOSTRÖM, W. Sweden GRÖNFORS, T. LARSEN, E. Denmark LEFFLER, H. Sweden LOWE, F. G. Great Britain MÖLLER, F. Sweden NYLÉN, C. O.

Lawn Tennis (out-of-door courts): INGERSLEV, V. Denmark HEYDEN, A. M. Germany SAUMAROKOFF-ELSTON, Count M. Russia TAPSCOTT, L. E. South Africa THAYSSEN, A. Denmark WENNERGREN, C. Sweden ZEMLA, L. Bohemia

Modern Pentathlon.

BERNHARDT, E. Austria GRÖNHAGEN, Å. E. Sweden MANNSTRÖM, B. K. A. PATTON J:r, G. S. U. S. A. STRANNE, J. S. M. Sweden

Rowing. Eights: Fours, outriggers: AUSTRALASIA. DENMARK. CANADA. NORWAY. GERMANY.

Single Sculls: BUTLER, E. B. Canada 880 Shooting.

Comp. a) SOUTH AFRICA:

Comp. b) BRIGGS, A. L. U. S. A. BURDETTE, C. L. BURR, H. G. Great Britain FULTON, A. G. JERNSTRÖM, V. Sweden OMMUNDSEN, H. Great Britain PLATER, P. E. WALLENBERG, C. Sweden

Comp. c) BARTLETT, H. T. U. S. A. FLODSTRÖM, C. E. Sweden FULTON. A. G. Great Britain HARVEY, G. H. South Africa LEVIDIS, N. M. Greece ROMANDER, N. Sweden VELEZ, R. Hungary WALDAINE, P. DE Russia

Comp. d) FRANCE.

Comp. e) BJÖRKMAN, T. Sweden HELGERUD, A. Norway JOHANSSON, G. H. Sweden LARSSON, B. SKATTEBOE, G. G. Norway

Comp. g) BOSTRÖM, E. Sweden v. HOLST, H. KEMP, F. W. Great Britain LESSIMORE, L. E. LEUSHNER, W. F. U.S. A. MURRAY, R. C. Great Britain PIMM, W. J.

Comp. i) GYLLENKROK, A. Sweden MURRAY, R. C. Great Britain PEPÉ J.

Comp. j) RUSSIA.

Comp. k) BOSTRÖM, E. . . . Sweden DE LAVAL, G.... POULTER, H. O. Great Britain

Comp. m) CARLBERG, E. Sweden DIETZ, J. A. U. S. A. DE LAVAL, G. Sweden ROEDDER, H. U. S. A. TÖRNMARK, C. J. Sweden TÖRÖK, A., Graf Hungary WINANS, W. U. S. A.

Comp. o) METAXAS, A. Greece PREUSS, A. Germany ROBINSON, HUMBY H. Great Britain SCHNITT, G. A. Finland v. ZEDLITZ UND LEIPE, Freih. Germany 56 Fifth Olympiad. 881 Comp. q) CEDERSTRÖM, F. Sweden EKMAN, J. E. ELBOGEN, H. Austria LARSSON, K. A. Sweden LEUSHNER, W. F. U. S. A. LINDSKOG, S. A. Sweden MICHEL, A. Austria

Comp. r) LINDEWALD, E. V. Sweden SÖKJER-PETERSÉN, E.

Swimming. 100 m., free style: BOARDMAN, L. Australasia BRETTING, K. Germany MC GILLIVRAY, P. U. S. A. LONGWORTH W. Australasia RAMME, W. Germany

100 m., back stroke: BARONYI, A. Hungary GROSS, O. Germany

200 m., breast stroke : COURTMAN, P Great Britain JULIN, H. Sweden

400 m., free style: HEALY, C. Australasia VON LAS-TORRES, B. Hungary

400 m., breast stroke: MALISCH, P. Germany

1,500 m., free style : ANDERSSON, W. Sweden

High, Plain Diving: ARO, T. N. Finland BRANDSTEN, E. M Sweden CRONDAHL, V. G. RUNSTRÖM, A. W.

Plain and Variety Diving: ARBIN, H. Sweden CARLSON, ALVIN JOHANSSON, HJ. YVON, G. Great Britain

Spring-board Diving: GAIDZICK, G. W. U. S. A. JANSSON, J. Sweden POTT, H. E. Great Britain ZIMMERMAN, P. M. Canada ZÜRNER, A. Germany 882 100 m., free style, ladies: CURWEN, DAISY Great Britain ROSENBERG, GRETE Germany SPEIRS, ANNIE Great Britain

High Plain Diving for ladies: ANDERSSON, ELSA Sweden ANDERSSON, SELMA EKLUND, ELLA LARSSON, TORA REGNELL, ELSA

800 m., Team Race: GERMANY.

Water Polo: AUSTRIA.

Wrestling. Feather Weight: HAAGPANEN, LAURI Finland LEIVONEN, KALLE LEMUSWIRTA, JALMAR WILHELM ÖBERG, ERIK Sweden

Light Weight: BALEJ, JAN Bohemia KAPLUR, OSCAR Russia KOLEHMAINEN, TATU Finland LUND, CARL ERIK Sweden NILSSON, JOHAN THEODOR RADVANY, Ödon Hungary WIKSTRÖM, VOLMAR Finland

Middle Weight A: JOKINEN, AUGUST Finland SINT, JAN Holland ÅBERG, KARL KONRAD Finland

Middle Weight B: RAJALA, AUGUST Finland

Yacht Racing.

8-m. class: “ÖRN” Finland

6-m. class : “SASS”

883 TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF STARTERS IN ALL THE COMPETITIONS OF THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1912.

C o m p e t i t i o n Total

Athletics: 100 metres Flat 200 400 800 1,500 5,000 10,000 Marathon Race Hurdle Race, 110 metres Walking Race, 10,000 metres Running High Jump Standing Running Broad Jump Standing Hop, Step and Jump Pole Jump Throwing the Javelin, best hand right & left hand Throwing the Discus, best hand right & left hand Putting the Weight, best hand right & left hand Throwing the Hammer Pentathlon Decathlon Relay Race 400 metres 1,600 Team Race 3,000 metres Cross-country race 8,000 metres Tug-of-War Cycling: Fencing: Foils Épée Team Competition Individual Épée Competition Sabre Team Competition Individual Sabre Competition Football: Gymnastics: Team Competition I. Team Competition II Team Competition III Individual Competition Displays. Horse Riding Competitions: Military Prize Riding Prize Jumping, Individual Team Lawn Tennis: Gentlemen’s Singles (covered courts) Ladies’ Gentlemen’s Doubles Mixed Gentlemen’s Singles (out-of-door courts) Ladies’ Gentlemen’s Doubles Mixed Carried forward Competition Total

Brought forward Modern Pentathlon Rowing: (crews) Eights, outriggers Fours Fours inriggers Single Sculls Rowing: (boats) Eights, outriggers Fours, Fours, inriggers Single sculls

Shooting: boats Team Competition a) Individual Competition b) Individual Competition c) Team Competition d) Individual Competition e) Team Competition f) Individual Competition g) Team Competition h) Individual Competition i) Team Competition j) Individual Competition k) Team Competition l) Individual Competition m) Team Competition n) Individual Competition 0) Team Competition p) Individual Competition q) Individual Competition r) Swimming: 100 metres free style 100 back stroke 200 breast stroke 400 free style 400 breast stroke 1,500 free style High Diving Plain and Variety Diving Spring-Board Diving 100 metres free style, Ladies High Diving, Ladies 800 metres Team Race Water Polo 400 metres Team Race, Ladies Wrestling: Feather Weight Light Weight Middle Weight A. Middle Weight B. Heavy Weight Yacht Racing: (crews) 12 metres class 10 8 6 Yacht Racing: (yachts) 12 metres class 10 8 6 yachts

Total TABLE OF DIPLOMAS OF MERIT AWARDED AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF 1912.

Modern Gymna- Lawn Swim- Yacht Athletics Cycling Fencing Pen- Rowing Shooting Wrestling Total stics Tennis tathlon ming Racing

Australasia Austria Belgium Bohemia Canada Chili Denmark Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Holland Hungary Italy Norway Russia South Africa Sweden U. S. A. NUMBER OF ATHLETES ACTUALLY COMPETING IN THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF ATHLETICS.

Gym- Horse Lawn Modern Yacht Nation Athletics Cycling Fencing Football nastics Riding Tennis Pentath- Rowing Shooting Swimming Wrestling Racing Total lon

Australasia Austria Belgium Bohemia Canada Chili Denmark Egypt Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Holland Hungary Italy Japan Luxemburg Norway Portugal Russia Servia South Africa Sweden Switzerland Turkey U. S. A. Totals TABLE SHOWING PROPORTION BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF ENTRIES AND THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF ATHLETES COMPETING.

Number of Actual number Number of Actual number Branch of Athletics competitors of Athletes entries for all the of starters in all entered competing competitions*) the competitions

Athletics Cycling Fencing Football Gymnastics Horse Riding Lawn Tennis Modern Pentathlon Rowing Shooting Swimming Wrestling Yacht Racing Total *) The difference between Columns 2 and 5 is caused by the fact that in many cases, the same man was entered for two or more events. LIST OF COMPETITORS IN THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM, 1912.

Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Aaltonen, A. O. Finland Swimming m. breast stroke, m. Aamdes, O. A. Norway Athletics High jump. Aas, L. T. Fencing Foils; team Épée; ind. épée. Aas, R. Football Aas, Th. V. Yacht Racing met. class. Abraham, A. Germany Athletics Decathlon. Abrahams, S. S. Great Brit. Broad. Jump. Abrahamsen, I. Norway Gymnastics Team Competition III. Achun, A. Russia Ind. comp. Adám, Aladar Hungary Swimming Water Polo. Adam, Alex Adam, D, Luxemburg Gymnastics Team Competition II. III. Adam, J. Germany Fencing Team, sabre. Adams, B. W U. S. A. Athletics High jump; broad jump. Adams, H. Shooting a. b. c. e. Adams, P. Athletics High jump: broad jump; hop, step and jump. Adler, M. Austria Swimming m. free style. Ladies. m.team.swim.race. Adlerberg, H.von Russia Yacht Racing -met. class. Adlercreutz, N. Sweden Horse Riding Comp. Military; Prize jumping; individ. Adlerz, E. W. Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving. Adlerz, M. E. High (plain) diving; ladies. Aejmelaens, C. B. E. Russia Modern Pentathlon Aelter, J. Belgium Athletics metres flat; metres flat. Eights; outriggers. Rowing Ahlberg, G. Sweden Marathon Race. Athletics Ahlgren, A. Middle weight B. Wrestling Ahlgren, A. O. -met. class. Ahnger, A. Finland Yacht Racing Aho, P. Athletics Putting weight, b. h. and r. & l. h. Aitchison, F. H. Great Britain Lawn Tennis(covered Ladies’ Singles; Mixed courts) Doubles. Football Akimow, A. Russia Foils; team sabre; ind. Fencing Alajmo, E. Italy sabre. Cycling Road Race round Cycling Alancourt, G. France Lake Mälar. b. c. k. m. Alegria, F. Chili Shooting Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Doubles. Alenitzyn, A. Russia door courts) 891 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Alexander, G. R. Great Britain Fencing Ind. épée; foils. Alfthan, M. Finland Yacht Racing -met. class. Allen, F. H. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump. Allert, E. A. E. Denmark Rowing Fours, inriggers. Almlöf, E. Sweden Athletics Hop, step and jump. Almquist, A. A. Russia Modern Pentathlon Almqvist, A. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Alsleben, A. Russia Athletics Decathlon. Altimani, F. Italy Walking Race. Amberger, G. Germany met. flat; team race met. Ames, G. Great Britain Fencing Ind. épée. Amphlett, E. M. Foils; team épée; ind. épée. Amundgén, E. Sweden Rowing Eights; outriggers. Amundsen, A. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Andersen, A. P. Denmark Wrestling Middle Weight A. Andersen, A. S. Gymnastics Team competition III; ind. camp. Andersen, G. Norway Football Andersen, Hj. N. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Andersen, J. Norway Athletics Cross-country Race. Andersen, J. Gymnastics Team competition I. Andersen, N. Denmark Shooting a. d. Andersen, S. Norway Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving. Anderson, A.E.D. Great Britain Athletics met. flat; met. flat. Anderson, A. L. Sweden Tug-of-War. Anderson, G.R.L. Great Britain Hurdle race. Andersson, C. Sweden Marathon Race. Andersson, C. A. Swimming Water Polo. Anderson, C. G. Wrestling Feather Weight. Andersson, E. H. Swimming High (plain) diving; Ladies. Andersson, E. L. U. S. A. Shooting g. i. Andersson, C. E. Sweden Swimming met. free style. Andersson, Hj. Athletics Cross-country Race. Andersson, J. Germany Wrestling Feather Weight. Andersson, J. H. Sweden Middle Weight B. Andersson, K. E. Swimming Water Polo. Andersson, L. R. U. S. A. Athletics met. flat. Andersson, N. G. Sweden Swimming m. breast stroke.

Andersson, O. M. Wrestling Middle Weight A. Andersson, R. Swimming met. free style; plain and variety diving; water polo. Andersson, S. A. M. High (plain) diving; Ladies. Andersson, W. met, free style water polo. Andreassen, B. Norway Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar.

892 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

André, G. I. France Athletics Hurdle race, high jump broad jump; Penta- thlon; Decathlon. Andreef, Wladi- mir Russia Fencing Team, sabre; ind. sabre. Andreas, J. Austria Football Andstén, C. Finland Yacht Racing -met. class. Andstén, J. Angell, B. Norway Lawn Tennis (out-of- door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Anker, J. Yacht Racing -met. class. Ankondinoff, A. Russia Wrestling Feather Weight. Ansén, K. A. Sweden Football Anspach, H. Belgium Fencing Foils; team épée; ind. épée team sabre; ind. sabre. Anspach, P. Foils; team épée; ind. épée; team sabre; ind. sabre. Antal, J. Hungary Athletics met. flat. Antonopoulos, A. Greece Wrestling Middle Weight A. Apelqvist, E.O.E. Sweden Swimming Spring-board diving. Appelgren, J. Football Applegarth, W. Great Britain Athletics met. flat; met. flat; relay race m. Apsit, A. Russia Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar. Aradi, L. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Arbin, H. Sweden Swimming Plain and variety diving. d’Arcy, V. H. A. Great Britain Athletics met. flat; met. flat; relay race m. Arenholt, J. Denmark Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles; door courts) Doubles. Armgarth, G. Sweden Fencing Foils; team sabre. Amaud, H. A. France Athletics met. flat; team race m.; cross -country race. Arnesen, K. Norway Wrestling Feather Weight. Amheim, E. Sweden Lawn Tennis (cove- Ladies’ Singles, red and out-of-door Mixed Doubles. courts) Arnheiter, A. Germany Rowing Fours; outriggers. Aro, T. N. Finland Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving. Arpe, O. Italy Wrestling Middle Weight B. Arsenieff, B. Russia Fencing Ind. sabre. Arvidsson, P.O. Sweden Shooting c. e. p. q. r. Ashington, H. S. Great Britain Athletics Hurdle race; broad jump; hop, step and jump. Asikainen, A. Finland Wrestling Middle Weight A. Assimacopoulo, A. Greece Swimming m. free style. d’ Astafort. France Horse Riding comp. Military; prize riding; prize jumping, ind. & team. Atkinson, C. Great Britain Swimming m. breast stroke. Auba, J. C. France Athletics High jump.

893 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Aust, O. Sweden Yacht Racing -met. class. Autonen, J. U. Finland Shooting e. Awksentjeff, P. Russia Swimming m. free style;

Ayde, A. Athletics Walking race.

Baasch, U. Pole jump; Relay race met. Baastad, E. F. Norway Football Babcock, H. S. U. S. A. Athletics Pole jump; Pentathlon. Babel, R. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Bacher, E. Finland Shooting n. o. Backenius, E. I. Wrestling Heavy Weight. Bacon, E. H. Great Britain Middle Weight A. Bacon, S. V. A. Baden, H Denmark Athletics Cross country race. Baiardo, David Italy Swimming met. free style,

Baier, Rudolf Germany Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar. Bailey, H. P. Great Britain Football Bajan, A. Hungary Rowing Eights, outriggers. Bajmakoff, G. Russia Swimming m. breast stroke,

Baker, B. H. Great Britain Athletics High jump. Baker, P. J. m. flat; m. flat. Balej, J. Bohemia Wrestling Light Weight. Banikas, G. Greece Athletics Pole jump. Barath, L. von Hungary Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles; door courts) Doubles. Barbesino, L. Italy Football Barkoff, D. de Russia Shooting p. r. Barl, Karl Austria Wrestling Middle Weight B. Baronyi, András Hungary Athletics Broad jump. Baronyi, Andreas Swimming m. back stroke. Athletics Tug-of-War. Barret, E. Great Britain Wrestling Heavy Weight. Barrett, H. F. Athletics Marathon Race. Barrier, A. France Wrestling Middle Weight A. Barta, Zdenek Bohemia Fencing Ind. épée; team sabre. Bartholomae, F. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Bartholomae, W. Bartlett, H. T. U. S. A. Shooting b. c. e. Bathe, Walter Germany Swimming m. breast stroke,

Battersby, T. S. Great Britain m. free style;

team race. Baumann, G. Russia Wrestling Light Weight. Baumann, H. Athletics m. flat. Beale, J. G. Great Britain Marathon race. Beasley, H. B. Canada m. flat:

Relay race met. Beamish, E. A. Great Britain Lawn Tennis (covered Gentlemen’s Singles, courts) Doubles. 894 Name Nation Branch of Athletics. Competition

Beaufort, J. D. H. de Holland Fencing Team épée; ind. épée; Becht, John U. S. A. Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar. Beckman, A. M. Sweden Wrestling Feather Weight. Behm, Charles Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II. III. Behrens, K. Germany Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving; Spring-board diving. Békessy, Béla Hungary Fencing Foils; ind. épée; ind. sabre. Beleznay, Ladis- laus Swimming m. free style; water polo; m. team race. Belinsky, B. de Russia Shooting b. c. e. Bellah, S. H. U. S. A. Athletics Pole jump. Belloni, Gino Italy Fencing Foils, team sabre. Belote, F. V. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat; High jump; Relay race met. Belvselvsky, E. Russia Yacht Racing -m. class. Benckert, C. Sweden Lawn Tennis (cov- Gentlemen’s Singles. ered & out-of-door Doubles. courts) Benedicks, E. Shooting 0. q. r. Benfratello, J. Italy Fencing Foils, team sabre, ind. sabre. Bengtsson, G. Sweden Football Bengtsson, O. Bentham, Isaac Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Beranek, J. Bohemia Wrestling Feather Weight. Berardo, F. Italy Football Beresford, J. Great Britain Rowing Fours, outriggers. Bergh, K. Sweden Athletics High jump; broad jump Bergman, A. Tug-of- War. Bergman, P. H. Yacht Racing m. class. Bergman, Åke Swimming m. back stroke. Bergqvist, A. Th. Wrestling Middle Weight A. Football Bergqvist, Erik Swimming m. free style; water polo. Bergsland, Hans Norway Fencing Team épée; ind. épée. Bergstedt, R. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Bergström, E. Football Bergström, K. J. Yacht Racing -m. class. Bergström, O. L. Bergvall, T. Athletics Marathon race. Berkes, Jozsef Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Berna, T. S. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat; m. team race; cross-country race. Modern Pentathlon Bernhardt, Edm. Austria Shooting k. m. Bernstorff, E. Germany n. 0. Berntsen, Oluf Denmark Fencing Foils, team épée; ind. épée; ind. sabre.

895 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Berré, Marcel Belgium Fencing Foils; ind. épée; team sabre. Berry, A. Great Britain Football Bertelsen, N. Norway Yacht Racing -m. class. Berth, P. L. L. Denmark Football Berthelsen, J. O. H. Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre, ind. sabre. Berti, Lázló Hungary Foils, team sabre, ind. sabre. Bertilsson, P. D. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Bertrain, Gabr Russia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Bes, Louis France Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar. Betts, A. E. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Beulque, P. L. France Swimming Water Polo. Beyer, Hans A. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Betzén, G. Sweden Athletics Broad jump. Bianchi, Pietro Italy Gymnastics Team competition II; Ind. competition. Bie, F. R. Norway Athletics Hurdle race, broad jump, Pentathlon, Decathlon. Billings, C. W U. S. A. Shooting n. o. Binaschi, A. Italy Football Binner, Walther Germany Swimming m. free style. Biró, Gyda Hungary Football Birch, Halvor Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Birker, Robert Germany Cycling Cycling Road race round Lake Mälar. Bisgaard, E. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Bjerke, O. G. Norway Shooting c. Björk, E. G. Sweden Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Björklund, E. Swimming m. free style; ladies. Björklund, H. Norway Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles, door courts) Doubles. Björklund, H. Sweden Wrestling Light Weight. Björkman, C. Shooting a. d. e. Björkman, T. a. b. c. e. Björksten, W. Finland Yacht racing m. class. Björn, E. Sweden Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Björnson, H. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Björnstad, J. Rowing Eights, outriggers; Fours, inriggers. Björnstad, O. Fours, inriggers. Bjömström Finland Yacht Racing m. class. Bjurstedt, M. Norway Lawn Tennis (out-of- Ladies’ Singles; Mixed door courts) Doubles. Blaha, A. Austria Football Black, A. W. Great Britain Shooting o. Blake, John P. Fencing Team épée, ind. épée. Blakeney, H.E.H. Athletics m. flat; hurdle race. Blanchard, V. S. U. S. A. Hurdle race. Blanchy, F. J. France Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles. door courts)

896 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Blau, H. Russia Shooting 0. p. q. Blau, H. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Blijenburgh, W. P. H. van Holland Fencing Team épée, ind. épée, team sabre. Blixen-Finecke, H. von Sweden Horse Riding com- Prize riding. petition Blom, O. Holland Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles. door courts) Blomgren, Gust. Sweden Swimming Plain and variety diving. Blommaert, E. de Belgium Horse Riding comp. Military, prize jumping, ind. & team. Blomqvist, E. Sweden Shooting d. e. Blum, Zoltán Hungary Football Boardman, Leslie Australasia Swimming 100 m. free style; 800 m. team race. Bock, G. Germany Shooting k. l. Bodley, R. South Africa a. b. c. d. e. Bodnár, Sándor Hungary Football Bodneck, W. Russia Shooting Bodor, Ödön Hungary Athletics 400 & 800 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Team sabre; ind. sabre. Bogen, Albert Austria Fencing Bohm, C. Sweden Football a. b. c. d. e. Boigne, R. de France Shooting Boin, Victor Belgium Fencing Ind. épée. Water Polo. Boin, V. Swimming Marathon race. Boissière France Athletics h. i. k. m. Boivie, G. C. Sweden Shooting Throwing the discus, b.h. Bolander, G. Athletics Boltenstern, G. A. Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Bömches von a. b. c. e. Boor, E. R. Hungary Shooting Bonde, C. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Bonfadini , F. Italy Football High (plain) diving, Bonfanti, C. Swimming spring-board diving. Bonhag, G. V. U. S. A. Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 3,000 m. team race; cross country race. Gymnastics Team competition II; Boni, Guido Italy Ind. competition. Heavy Weight. Bonneveld, B. Holland Wrestling Bontmy, J. W. Football Gymnastics Team competition II; Bordang, Andre Luxemburg III. Boreischa, P. Russia Football Cycling Cycling road race round Borissow, F. Lake Mälar. . Team épée, ind. épée. Bos, A. P. AZ Holland Fencing Cycling Cycling road race round Bosch, Fr. Russia Lake Mälar. Bosch, H. Germany Football Bossche, G. van Rowing Fours, outriggers. den Belgium g. j. k. m. Boström, E. Sweden Shooting 57 Fifth Olympiad. 897 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Boström, W. Sweden Lawn Tennis (cove- Gentlemen’s Singles, red & out-of-door Doubles. courts) Bothén, B. Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Bothén, Björn Bouffechoux, J. France Wrestling Light Weight. Bough, S. Ch. Norway Shooting b. Bouin, J. France Athletics 5,000 m. flat; cross country race. Boullery, J. 100 m. flat. Bouman J:r, P. Holland Football Bourne, R. C. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Boutoussoff, W. P. Russia Football Bouvy, N. J. J. Holland Bowman, W. L. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Boyd, P. E. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Braglia, Alberto Italy Gymnastics Team competition II, ind. camp. Brambeck, N. F. Sweden Fencing Team sabre. Brandes, F. W. Rowing Fours, inriggers. Brandsten, E. M. Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving; spring-board diving. Brandstetter, J. Austria Football Branting, Georg Sweden Fencing Ind. épée. Brasche Russia Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Braun, H. Germany Athletics 400 m. flat; 800 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Braunsteiner, K. Austria Football Brauer, Th. Sweden Athletics High jump. Brebner, R. G. Great Britain Football Brecke, A. B. Norway Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Breckinridge, S. D. U. S. A. Fencing Foils; team épée: ind. épée. Bredakolff, J. G. van Holland Football Breed, George H. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, team épée; ind. épée. Brekke, S. Norway Football Brenner, B. Finland Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Bretting, Kurt Germany Swimming 100 m. free style; 800 m. team race. Breunig, M. Football Bricker, C. D.. Canada Athletics Broad jump; hop, step and jump. Brickley, C. U. S. A. Hop, step and jump. Bridge, R. Great Britain Walking race. Briggs, A. L. U. S. A. Shooting a. b. c. e. Borbas, Gaspar Hungary Football Broberg, G. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Brock, G. M. Canada Athletics 800 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Brodd, E. A. Sweden Swimming Spring-board diving. Brodi, Sandor Hungary Football Brodtkorb, B. Norway Athletics High jump; broad jump.

898 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Broeske, M. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Brookfield, E. W. Hamilton Great Britain Fencing Team sabre; ind. sabre. Broquedis, M. France Lawn Tennis (out-of- Ladies’ singles; Mixed door courts) doubles. Brown, Fr. R. Canada Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Bruhn-Möller, W. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers; Fours, inriggers. Brulé, Georges France Modem Pentathlon Brundage, A. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the discus b. h.; Pentathlon; Decathlon. Brunkman, C. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers; Fours, inriggers. Brunkman, G. Eights, outriggers. Brusewitz, E. Lawn Tennis (out-of- Ladies’ Singles. door courts) Brustad, Georg Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Bruun, C. H. Shooting Brülle, Wilhelm Germany Gymnastics Team competition II III. Bråthe, J. Norway Shooting c. e. Buchfelder, H. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Buchfelder, R. Buchwald, C. Denmark Football Buder, J. E. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II III. Buerkner Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Bugbee, Ch. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Bukse, J. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar Burdekin, B. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Burdette, C. L. U. S. A. Shooting a. b. c. e. Burdick, J. W. Athletics High Jump. Burger, K. Germany Football Burgess, E. R. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Burkowitz, H. Germany Athletics 400 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Burn, T. C. Great Britain Football Burr, H. G. Shooting a. b. Burt, H. g. i. Burton, R. Athletics 800 m. flat. Butler, E. B. Canada Rowing Single Sculls. Butt, J. H. Great Britain Shooting n. o. Butterworth, H. Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Byl, Ch. van der Ind. épée; ind. sabre. Byrd, R. L. U. S. A. Athletics High jump, broad jump, throwing the discus b. h., r. & l. h. Bäuerle, O. Germany Hop, step and jump; Pentathlon. Börjesson, E. Sweden Football Börjesson, J. Bökman, O. Shooting o. Böling, I. Th. Finland Wrestling Middle Weight B. Bönninghausen, H. von Germany Athletics. Hurd race. 899 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Böysen, Trygve Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Böös, Gunnar M. Sweden Fencing Foils.

Cabal, R. France Wrestling Light Weight. Caby, A. Swimming 1,500 m. free style; water polo. Caldwell, D. U. S. A. Athletics 800 m. flat. Calvi, G. Italy 800 m. flat; 1,500 m. flat. Cambas, P. A. Greece Fencing Ind. épée. Campana, A. France Athletics Broad jump. Campelli, P. Italy Football Canet, A. H. France Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles: door courts) Doubles. Mixed Capelle, A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Carcereri, Z. Italy Wrestling Middle weight A. Carey, D. Great Britain Athletics Throwing the hammer. Caridia, G. A. Lawn Tennis (cove Gentlemen’s Singles; red courts) Doubles. Cariou, J. France Horse Riding comp. Military, prize riding, prize jumping, ind. & team. Carlberg, C. E. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Shooting f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. Carlberg, E. Modem Pentathlon Carlberg, W. Shooting f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. Carlén, G. Athletics Cross country race. Carlson, A. Swimming Plain and variety diving. Carlsson, C. Football Carlsson, Greta Swimming 100 m. free style; ladies; 400 m. team race, ladies. Carr,, G. Great Britain Rowing Fours, outriggers. Carroll, T. Athletics High jump; hop, step and jump. Case, J. R. U. S. A. Hurdle Race. Casparsson, E. G. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Military, prize jumping, ind. Castella, S. A. Denmark Football Castenschiold, S. Lawn Tennis (cover- Ladies’ Singles; ed courts) Mixed Doubles. Castex, H. de France Shooting m. n. 0. Castorina, Carlo Italy Fencing Foils. Cate, C. H. Holland Football Caulle, J. France Athletics 800 m. flat. Cavallini, F. Italy Fencing Foils; team sabre; ind. sabre. Cederberg, H. E. Finland Swimming 200 m. breast stroke. Cederschiöld, H. Sweden Shooting k. m. Cederschiöld, M. Lawn Tennis (cover- Ladies’ Singles; ed courts) Mixed Doubles. Cederström, A. F. T. Shooting q. Chaffe, W. Great Britain Athletics Tug-of-War. Chambopoulos Greece Fencing Ind. épée; team épée. Champion, M. Australasia Swimming 400 m. free style; 1,500 800 team race.

900 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Charlet, O. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Childs, C. C. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the hammer. Chisholm, G. A. Hurdle race. Chkileff, Alex. Russia Fencing Team sabre; ind. sabre. Choultz, A. Athletics Broad jump: Decathlon. Christensen, C. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Christensen, J. Denmark Athletics Marathon race. Christensen, J. H. Wrestling Middle weight B. Christensen, Sö- ren P. Gymnastics Team competition I. Christiansen, E. Norway Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Christiansen, H. Christiansen, L. Athletics Cross country race. Christoffersen, H. J. Denmark Football Chromoff, N. A. Russia Ciai, Mariano Italy Wrestling Feather weight. Cimera, R. Austria Football Cipera, Josef Bohemia Fencing Team sabre. Clason, H. A. A. Sweden Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Clemenz, J. Norway Football Clemmensen, E. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Clilverd, R. E. Great Britain Modem Pentathlon Cockings, P. H. Wrestling Feather weight. Colbachini, D. Italy Athletics Hurdle race. Collan, E. J. Finland Shooting n. o. Colas, P. R. France a. b. c. d. e. Collin, K. G. A. Sweden Swimming 1,500 m. free style. Connes, E. France Water Polo. Convert, P. Belgium Horse Riding comp. Military, prize jumping, team. Cooke, C. L. U. S. A. Athletics 200 m. flat; relay race 400 m. Cooke, Stenson Great Britain Fencing Ind. foils; ind. épée. Corble, A. H. Team sabre; ind. sabre. Corkery, J. J. Canada Athletics Marathon race. Comeliussen, T. Norway Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Correa, Fem. Portugal Fencing Ind. épée. Corsar, George Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Cortesao, A. Z. Portugal Athletics 400 m. flat: 800 m. flat. Comett, G. Th. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Costa, Antoine France Gymnastics Ind. comp. Cottrill, W. Great Britain Athletics 1,500 m. flat; team race 3,000 m.; cross country race. Cotzias, C. Greece Fencing Team épée; ind. épée. Courbet, F. Belgium Swimming 200 m. breast stroke; 4oo water polo. Courtman, P. Great Britain 200 m. breast stroke; 4oo Courtney, J. I. U. S. A. Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; relay race 400 m. Covre, A. Italy Wrestling Light weight. Cowhig, W. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II; ind. comp. 901 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Coyle, F. J. U. S. A. Athletics Pole jump. Craig, R. C. 100 m. flat,; 200 m. flat. Crawshay, R. O. Great Britain Fencing Team sabre. Crequi-Montfort , de France Shooting l. m. n. o. Crondahl, V. G. Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving. Cross, Sidney Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Csejthe, Z. Je- lenffy-Töth v. Hungary Shooting b. c. e. k. Curwen, Daisy Great Britain Swimming 100 m. free style; ladies. Cuzna, H. Austria Rowing Fours, outriggers. Cvetko, R. Fencing Foils, team sabre.

Dahl, J. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. Dahl, N. Norway Cross-country race. Dahlberg, Hj. Sweden Marathon race. Dahlbäck, H. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Fours, inriggers. Dahlin, J. Athletics 400 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Dahll, O. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Dahlström, E. Sweden Football Dalberg, A. Th. Wrestling Middle weight A. Danild, F. Denmark Athletics Cross-country race. Danitch, W. Russia Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Daranyi, A. von. Hungary Shooting C. Davenport, I. N. U. S. A. Athletics 400 m. flat; 800 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Davey, C. F. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Davidoff, G. de. Russia Shooting a. b. c. e. Davidsen, O. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Davies, R. F. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Davies, W. R. Canada 0. Davids, A. Germany Fencing Foils. Dawson, P. M. Great Britain Team épée, ind. épée, foils. Dawe, L. S. Football Decoin, H. France Swimming Water Polo. Decoteau, A. Canada Athletics 5,000 m. flat. Degnes, O. C. Norway Shooting a. b. Dehn, W. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Deichler, E. Chili Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping; ind. Delaby, M. F. L. France Athletics 100 m. flat; hurdle race. Deloch Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. and, team. Delloye, F. Belgium Athletics 1,500 m. flat. 200 m. breast stroke: Demjan, O. Hungary Swimming 4oo Demarchi, C. Italy Football Denver, H. P. C. Denmark Shooting e. f. 100 m. free style. Derbyshire, J. H. Great Britain Swimming Foils, ind. sabre, team Dereani, F. Austria Fencing sabre. 200 & 400 m. flat; Déván, I. Hungary Athletics relay race 1,600 m. Devecchi, B. Italy Football 902 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Diana, D. Italy Fencing Foils. Dickason, H. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Dietz, J. A. U. S. A. Shooting j. k. l. m. Dines, J. Great Britain Football Dixon, C. P. Lawn Tennis (cover- Gentlemen’s Singles, ed courts) Doubles, Mixed Doubles. H. I. H. Grand Due Dmitry Russia Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. & team. Dobrjansky, A. de Shooting b. c. e. g. i. p. q. Dodds, J. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Dolfen, P. J. U. S. A. Shooting j. k. m. Domenichelli, G. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Domonkos, G. Hungary Football Donahue, J. J. U. S. A. Athletics Pentathlon, Decathlon. Donners, H. Belgium Swimming Water Polo. Fencing Team épée, team sabre. Holland Doorman, J. Modem Pentathlon Dorizas, M. Greece Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h.; putting the weight, b.h. Dormald, L. G. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Doyle, B. J. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Dowler, J. Athletics Tug-of-War. Downey, V. A. Chili Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Drescher, L. Denmark Football Dressel, Vally Germany Swimming 100 m free style, ladies; 400 m team race, ladies. Drew, H. P. U. S. A. Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat Drubina, I. Hungary Walking race. Drury, H. J. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition. II. Dubourdieu, V. France Rowing Fours, outriggers. Due, P. Norway Football Duffy, J. Canada Athletics Marathon race. Dukes, G. B. U. S. A. Pole jump. Dulnig, J. Austria Shooting b. c. Dumbill, T. H Great Britain Athletics Walking race. Dumrauf, A. Germany Wrestling Light weight. Duncan, J. H. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h. and r. & l. h. Duncan, R. C. Great Britain 100 m. flat, 200 m. flat. Dunay, B. Hungary Fencing Foils, ind. sabre. Durack, Fanny Australasia Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies. Durant, A. P. Belgium Water Polo. Shooting j. k. l. Durant, H. Great Britain Modem Pentathlon Dybeck, G. W. Sweden Shooting r. Dyrberg, J. A. Denmark Football

Eck, W. M. Holland Edman, J. V. Sweden Athletics Tug-of- War. Edmundson, C. U. S. A. 400 m. flat, 800 m. flat. Edström, E. M. Sweden Swimming High(plain)diving; ladies. Eggebrecht, F. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Ehmreich, P. Austria Athletics Broad jump. 903 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Eichhorn, C. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Eilenbrecht, P. Holland Wrestling Light weight. Eitel, P. Chili Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; hurdle race. Ekberg, G. M. Sweden Football Ekberg, R. Athletics 100 m. flat; broad jump. Ekblad, K. E. E. Gymnastics Team competition I. Eke, J. Athletics 10,000 m. flat; cross country race. Ekholm, K. V. Finland Gymnastics Team comp. III; ind. comp. Ekimoff, M. Russia Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Eklund, E. D. Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving; ladies. Eklund, E. R. Plain and variety diving, spring-board diving. Ekman, J. E. Shooting n. 0. q. r. Ekman, K. S. Wrestling Middle weight B. Ekman, L. Athletics High jump. Ekroth, H. A. Football Ekstrand, G. Swimming High (plain) diving. Ekström, A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Ekwall, H. K. Chili Shooting b. c. k. m. Elbogen, H. Austria p. q. r. Elichagaray, F. France Rowing Fours, inriggers; outriggers. Elizarof, A. Russia Athletics 800 m. flat; 1,500 m. flat. Eller J:r, J. J. U. S. A. Hurdle race; Pentathlon. Endrerud, H. Norway Football Enell, K. H. A. Sweden Fencing Ind. épée. Engebretsen, E. Norway Gymnastics Team comp. I. Engebretsen, K. Football Engelmann, W. Germany Gymnastics Team comp. II. III. Swimming High (plain) diving, Engelsen, A. Norway Gymnastics Team comp III. Engelstad, O. Team comp. I. Enright, H. B. U. S. A. Athletics High jump. Erckrath, I. de Bary Germany Fencing Ind. épée, team épée, team sabre. Erickson, E. R. U. S. A. Athletics High jump. Ericksson, G. L. Sweden Shooting g. i. k. Ericksson, H. Athletics Pentathlon. Ericsson, F. Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Ericsson, S. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Eriksen, B. G. Norway Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, Eriksen, E. Rowing Fours, outriggers. Eriksen, I. Denmark Gymnastics Team comp. I. Eriksen, J. Th. Wrestling Middle weight B. Eriksen, M. Norway Gymnastics Team comp. I. Erikson, A. Sweden Rowing Fours, outriggers. Eriksson, H. A. Shooting 0. Eriksson, M. a. b. d. e. Eriksson, T. J. Swimming High (plain) diving. Erxleben, J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Erödy, I. Hungary Gymnastics Team comp. II.

904 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Eskola, J. Finland Athletics Cross-country race. Espelund, J. Norway Shooting c. Estlander, E. Finland Yacht Racing 6 p.m. class. Eulenberg, J. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Everritt, A. F. G. Great Britain Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Eyrich, T. H. C. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers.

Fabre, E. Canada Athletics Marathon race. Fabritius, E. E. Finland Shooting Fagan, A. W. Great Britain Fencing Foils Fahr, O. Germany Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Failliot, P. France Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; Pentathlon; Decathlon; relay race 400 m.; relay race 1,600 m. Falch-Lund, E. Norway Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Falche, G. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Falk, E. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. Prize riding; prize jump- Falkenberg, I. C. Norway Horse Riding competition ing, ind. Farber, J. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Farkas, A. von. Hungary Shooting a. b. c. e. Farnest, N. Russia Wrestling Heavy weight. Farrel, E. L. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump; hop, step and jump. Faure, M. France Shooting l. m. Faworski, L. Russia Football Fazer, K. Finland Shooting n. o. Fegth, H. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers; fours, inriggers. Feilmann, F. E. Great Britain Fencing Team sabre. Feith, C. W. Holland Football Fekete, M. Hungary Fick, S. Sweden Lawn Tennis (covered Ladies’ Singles, & out-of-door courts) Mixed doubles. Fickeisen, O. Germany Rowing Fours, outriggers. Fickeisen, R. Filatoff, P. Russia Fencing Ind. sabre. Filippoff, A. Football Filippoff, S. P. Finne, S. Norway Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Finnerud, P. Athletics Cross-country race. Fischer, V. Austria Wrestling Light weight. Fischera, A. Football Fison, W. G. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Fitzgerald, E. J. U. S. A. Athletics 5,000 m. flat. Fitzhardinger, R. B. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Fixdal, N. Norway Athletics 1oo m. flat; broad jump; hop, step and jump; relay race 400 m. Fjästad, N. Sweden Pentathlon. Fleetwood, F. Throwing the discus b.h., r. & l. h. 100 m. flat; relay race Fleischer, F. Austria 400 m.

905 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Fleming, Ph. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Fletcher, F. U. S. A. Athletics High jump; broad jump. Fletcher, Jennie Great Britain Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies. Fleury, A. France Shooting n. 0. Flodström, C. E. Sweden c. Flotow, von Germany Horse Riding comp Prize riding. Flygare, B. E. Sweden Wrestling Light weight. Fock, B. Athletics 10,000 m. flat; team race 3,000 m.; cross country race. Fogelmark, R. Wrestling Middle weight B. Fonbaek, O. Norway Athletics Marathon race. Forgacs, F. Hungary 800 m. flat; 1,500 m. flat. Forsberg, F. W. Sweden Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Forshaw J:r, J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Forsman, O. E. Finland Rowing Fours, outriggers. Forsström, E. Gymnastics Team competition III. Forsyth, W. A. Canada Athletics Marathon race. Fortgens, G. Holland Football Foster, W. Great Britain Swimming 400 m. free style; 1,500 800 team race. Fothi, S. Hungary Athletics Throwing the discus b.h. Foti, S. Gymnastics Team competition II. Fournelle, P. Luxemburg Athletics Broad jump. Franck, A. Finland Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Francom, S. Great Britain Athletics Marathon race. Frandsen, R. P. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Frank, A. P. R. Sweden Wrestling Middle weight A. Franklin, B. W. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Frantzen, J. P. Luxemburg Team competition II; III. Franzl, V. Austria Athletics Broad jump; pole jump. Fraser, S. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Frederiksen, O. Denmark Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles. door courts) Fredriksson, E.A. Sweden Athletics Tug-of-war. Fregosi, C. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Freyer Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. & team. Friborg, E. Sweden Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Friedemann, A. Chili Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Friedmann, T. Hungary Swimming Water Polo. H. R. H. Prince Friedrich Karl Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. & team. Friesicke, R. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Frigast, P. Denmark Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles. door courts) Friis, R. Shooting a. b. Frisell, E. Sweden Athletics 800 m. flat. Frisell, Hj. Shooting n. 0. r. Fritz J:r, W. H. U. S. A. Athletics Pole Jump. Frydenlund, R. Norway Wrestling Light weight. Frydenlund, Th. 906 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Frykberg, N. Sweden Athletics 1,500 m. flat; team race 3,000 m. Frykman,G.W.A. Sweden Football Fuchs, G. E. Germany Fuchs, J. Hungary Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Fuchs, K. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered & out-of- Doubles. door courts) Fulton, A. G. Great Britain Shooting a. b. c. Fältström, C.E.D. Sweden Wrestling Middle weight A. Földes, D. Hungary Fencing Foils, team sabre, ind. sabre. Förderer, F. Germany Football

Gabrielson, A. Sweden Rowing Fours, inriggers. Gabrielson, Ch. Gagnet, R. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Gaidzik, G. W. U. S. A. Swimming High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving; spring-board diving. Gajeffsky, P. Russia Athletics 400 m. flat. Gale, B. R. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Gallager J:r, J. J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Gallon, T. H. Canada 400 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Gardini, R. Italy Wrestling Middle weight K. Gargano, A. Middle weight A. Gamier, Ch. France Rowing Fours, inriggers. Garp, Th. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Garton, A. S. Great Britain Rowing Eights outriggers. Gate, W. P. South Africa Fencing Ind. épée, foils, ind. sabre. Gayler, H. H. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Gelfort, G. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Gellert, I. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II, ind. competition. Gentil, P. France Shooting a. b. c. d. e. f. i. Georgiades, J. N. Greece Fencing Ind. épée. Gerde, O. Hungary Team sabre, ind. sabre. Gerhardt, P. C. U. S. A. Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Germot, M. France Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered courts) Doubles. Germs, J. E. C. van Holland Fencing Ind. épée. Gerlow, P. Denmark Shooting c. e. f. g. i. Gerstacker; G. Germany Wrestling Feather weight. Gerstmans, L. Belgium Heavy weight. Gibbon, A. W. J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Gignoux, J. E. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Gillan, J. A. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Gille, K. Sweden Athletics Pole jump. Gillespie, T. C. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers.

907 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Gillis, D. Canada Athletics Throwing the discus b. h.: throwing the hammer. Giongo, F. Italy 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat. Girsen, C. 0. Finland Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Gitareff, B. Russia Football Gitsham, C. W. South Africa Athletics Marathon race. Glad, Th. Norway Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Glaser, J. Germany Football Gleason, E. F. U.S. A. Shooting n. o. Glockauer, A. Germany Gymnastics Team competition IX, team competition III. Glommes, M. Norway Shooting a. c. Glover, E. Great Britain Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat; cross country race. Gobert, A. H. France Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Goeldel, A. Germany Shooting n. 0. Goeldel, H. n. 0. q. Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Great Britain Godfree, D. W. Modem Pentathlon Godfrey, G. A. South Africa Swimming 100 m. back stroke; 400 m. free style. Goehring, L. U. S. A. Athletics High jump; broad jump. Golling, F. Austria Fencing Foils, team sabre, ind. sabre. Gollini, A. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Gompogne, A. France Ind. competition. Gonder, F. Athletics Pole jump. Goodwin, J. M. Great Britain Shooting n. Goppold de Lobs- dorf, K. Bohemia Fencing Ind. épée. Goppold de Lobs- dorf J:r, V. Team épée; ind. épée. Goppold de Lobs- dorf S:r, V. Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre. Gore, A. W. Great Britain Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Gorodetzky, N. Russia Fencing Foils. Gould, A. E. Great Britain Wrestling Light weight. Goulding, G. H. Canada Athletics Walking race. Goworsky, P. Russia Fencing Ind. épée, team épée, foils. Graf, L. Hungary Rowing Eights, outriggers. Grandell, E. Sweden Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Granfelt, N. D. Gymnastics Team competition I. Graham, E. F. U.S. A. Horse Riding comp. Military. Graham, J. R. Shooting n. 0. Grantz, G. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers, fours, inriggers. Graubard, B. Austria Football Green, H. Great Britain Athletics Marathon race. Greifenfels, A. Guieber von Russia Fencing Team sabre, ind sabre. 908 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Gregoire, O. Belgium Swimming m. back stroke, water polo. Gregory, R. J. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Griez von Ronse, A. D. Austria Fencing Ind. épée. Griffiths, A. J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Griffiths, D. J. Shooting g. i. Grijseels J:r, J. Holland Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Grimmelmann, H. J. W. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Grineff, L. Russia Fencing Foils. Gripe, R. F. Sweden Yacht Racing m. class. Groot, H. F. de Holland Football Gross, K. Germany Wrestling Middle weight B. Gross, O. Swimming m. back stroke. Grosvenor, W. P. Great Britain Shooting n. 0. Grote Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Grubb, F. H. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Grubbe, T. Norway Football Grumpelt, H. J. U. S. A. Athletics High jump. Grundwald, L. Austria Football Grüner, W. Sweden Athletics Marathon race. Grünfors, T. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (covered & out-of- Gentlemen’s Doubles, door courts) Mixed doubles. Grönfors, Th. Yacht Racing -m. class. Fencing Ind. épée Grönhagen, Å. E. Modem Pentathlon Grönvall, N. R. J. Fencing Foils. Guldbrandsen, K. J. Norway Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Gullaksen, R. Wrestling Feather weight. Gumpel, M. Sweden Swimming Water Polo. Gundersen, A. Norway Wrestling Middle weight A. Gustafsson, E. Sweden Shooting b. Gustafsson, K. Athletics Marathon race. Gustafsson, K. Football Gustafsson, N. O. Gustafsson, P. A. Athletics Tug-of-War. Guttenstein, Mme Belgium Swimming m. free style. ladies. Gutterson, A. L. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump. Guttman, D. Sweden Marathon race. Guy, F. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Gylche, V. E. Denmark Athletics Walking race. Gyllenkrook, A. Sweden Shooting i. m. Günther, P. Germany Swimming Spring-board diving. Göbel, M. J. Holland Football Götke, K. C. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers.

Haapanen, L. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Hack, K. Austria Athletics Marathon race. Hackberg, W. Sweden Throwing the hammer; Decathlon.

909 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Hæggström , N. I. Sweden Modem Pentathlon Hære, G. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers; fours, inriggers. Haff, C. B. U. S. A. Athletics 400 m. flat. Hagander, S. Sweden Throwing the javelin, r. & l. h. Hagberg, E. Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Haglund, A. M. Finland Rowing Single Sculls. Haglund, K. Sweden Athletics 800 m. flat. Haglund, N. E. Swimming 400 m. free style. Hagström, E. D. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Hahne, H. Russia Athletics 200 m. flat. Haintz, J. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered courts) Haislund, J. M. Denmark Shooting a. d. e. Haley, E. W. Great Britain Athletics 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat. Halik, K.. Bohemia Wrestling Light weight. Hall, F. U. S. A. Shooting n. 0. Hall, Sh. Fencing Foils,team épée, ind. épée. Hallberg, G. Sweden Athletics High jump. Halldorsson, J. Iceland 100 m. flat. Halme, J. Finland Hop, step and jump; throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Halmos, G. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Halpin, T. J. U. S. A. Athletics 800 m. flat. Halse, A. Norway Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Halt, K. Germany Throwing the javelin, b. h.; Putting the weight, b. h.; Pentathlon; De- cathlon; relay race 400 m. Hammersley, K. Chili 100 m. flat; high jump. Hammond, G. M. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Hammond, W. K. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Hamrén, O. B. E. Sweden Swimming 200 m. breast stroke. Hannam, E. M. Great Britain Lawn Tennis Ladies’ Singles, Mixed (covered courts) doubles. Hanney, E. T. Football Hansen, A. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III, ind. competition. Hansen, A. H. Norway Team competition I. Hansen, A. L. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Hansen, A. M. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Hansen, C. Ch. Wrestling Feather weight. Hansen, C. H. Ch. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Hansen, Ch. M. Gymnastics Team competition III. Hansen, Fr. O. Wrestling Light weight. Hansen, H. Football Hansen, H. Wrestling Middle weight A. Hansen, H. Norway Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Hansen, H. Tr. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I.

910 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Hansen, J. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Hansen, J. Ch. Rowing Fours, inriggers. Hansen, R. Gymnastics Team competition I. Hansen, S. P. Football Hansen, V. G. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (covered & out-of- Gentlemen’s Doubles. door courts) Hanson, L. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II, ind. competition. Hansson, L. Sweden Swimming 200 m. breast stroke, water polo. Hansson, S. 200 m. breast stroke. Happenny, W. Canada Athletics Pole jump. Haraldsen, P. Norway Football Hardwick, H. H. Australasia Swimming 100 m. free style, 400 m. free style, 1,500 m. free style, 800 m. team race. Hardy de Beau- lieu, P. Belgium Fencing Ind. épée, team sabre. Hare, A. Great Britain Athletics 1,500 m. flat; 3,000 m. team race. Haresnape, H. N. Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Harju, E. Finland Athletics 1,500 m. flat; team race 3,000 m.; cross-country race. Hartman, P. R. Denmark Rowing Fours, inriggers. Hartvall, E. Finland Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Hartzell, C. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Harvey, G. H. South Africa Shooting a. b. c. d. e. Hassanein, A. M. Egypt Fencing Foils, ind. épée. Hatfield, J. G. Great Britain Swimming 400 m. free style; 1,500 m. free style; 800 m. team race. Hauenstein, H. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Hauler, L. Hungary Shooting a. b. c. e. g. Hauptmanns, J. Germany Wrestling Heavy weight. Hawkins, M. W. U. S. A. Athletics Hurdle race. Hay, Ebba Sweden Lawn Tennis Mixed Doubles. (covered courts) Hayes, W. E., Great Britain Wrestling Light weight. Healy, C. Australasia Swimming 100 m. free style; 400 m. free style; 800 m. team race. Hebner, H. J. U. S. A. 100 m. free style; 100 m. back stroke; 800 m. team race. Heckel, B. Germany Wrestling Light weight. Hedegaard, H. C. Denmark Swimming 400 m. free style; 1,500 m. free style. Hedlund, O. F. U. S. A. Athletics 1,500 m. flat. Hedman, O. E. Sweden Football Hegner, E. Hungary Swimming Water Polo. Heikilä, W. Finland Athletics Cross country race. Heiland, H. W. U. S. A. 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Heinrich, A. Austria Rowing Single Sculls. Helgerud, A. Norway Shooting b. c. d. e. 911 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Hellawell, H. H. U. S. A. Athletics 10,000 m. flat; cross country race. Hellensteiner, J. Austria Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Hellgren, E. Sweden Athletics Cross-country race. Hellmich, O. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Hellström, C. L. Sweden Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Hemmerling, M. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Hempel, W. Germany Football Hendrickx, O. J. Belgium Swimming Water Polo. Hendrickson,J.H. U. S. A. Shooting n. o. Henderson, W. E. Great Britain Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h. Henley, E. J. 400 m. flat; 800 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Hennet, R. Belgium Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre. Henning, Th. Sweden Swimming 200 -m. breast stroke; 400 m. breast stroke. Henriksen, P. G. Norway Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Henriksson, V. Finland Rowing Fours, outriggers. Henriques, E. Sweden Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Henry, G. V. U. S. A. Horse Riding comp. Military, prize riding, prize jumping, team. Hentges, Fr. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III; ind. competition. Hentges, P. Team competition II; team competition III; ind. competition. Henzsely, J. Hungary Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Herczeg, I. Gymnastics Team competition II. Herlofson, C. Norway Football Herlofson, H. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Hermann, M. Germany Athletics I00 m. flat; 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat; relay race 400 m.; relay race 1,600 m. Herschend, S. Denmark Yacht Racing G-m. class. Herschmann, O. Austria Fencing Team sabre. Herseth, M. Norway Rowing Fours, inriggers. Hestdal, M. Wrestling Feather weight. Hetmar, V. E. R. Denmark Heuet, G. France Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat. Heyden, H. C. F. Cl. van. Holland Football Heyden, L. M. Germany Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Heyman, B. Sweden Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Hibbins, F. N. Great Britain Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat; cross country race. Higgins, F. C. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. 912 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Hill, A. E. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Hill, Ch. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Hill, G. N. Australia Athletics m. flat;

Hird, F. S. U. S. A. Shooting b. c. e. f. g. h. i. Hirsch, J. Germany Football Hjorth, C. H. R. Sweden Fencing Foils. Hlavay, G. Hungary Football Hoare, G. R. Great Britain Hodgetts, S. Gymnastics Team competition II, ind. comp. Hodgson, G. R. Canada Swimming m. free style;

Hoffman, H. Germany Shooting k. l. Hoffman, J. Belgium Swimming Water polo. Hoffman, K. Germany Rowing Single Sculls. Hoflund, J. A. Sweden Shooting c. Hohenau, von Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. and Hohenlohe, E., team. Prince Austria Fencing Ind. sabre. Hohenthal, V. G. von Russia Modern Pentathlon Hol, P. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Holden, H. W. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat. Hollstein, E. Germany Football Holm, E. Finland Shooting d. e. Holm, M. Wrestling Middle weight A. Holmberg, C. A. Denmark Athletics Cross-country race. Holmberg, T. O. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Holmér, G. Athletics Pentathlon, Decathlon. Holmer, S. E. Swimming High (plain) diving. Holmström, A. Lawn Tennis Ladies’ Singles; (covered & out-of- Mixed doubles door courts) Holmström, G. V. Finland Football Holopainen, J. Holst, J. H. von Sweden Shooting g. h. i. l. m. Holt, M. D. V. Great Britain Fencing Team épée, ind. épée. Holter, R. D. Norway Rowing Fours, inriggers. Honzatko, B. Bohemia Athletics Marathon race; Decath- lon. Horine, G. L. U. S. A. High jump. Horn, J. B. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Horn af Åminne, H. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Military. Horsfall, E. D. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Horvay, A. Hungary Athletics High jump. Houtkooper, M. Holland Football Hovdenak, O. Norway Athletics Cross-country race. Howard, J. A. Canada m. flat, m. flat, relay race m. Huber, R. W. Finland Shooting n. o. Hulford, F. H. Great Britain Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Hullden V. Finland Yacht Racing -m. class. Humby, H. R. Great Britain Shooting n. o. 58 Fifth Olympiad. 913 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Athletics Tug-of-War. Great Britain Humphreys, Fr. Wrestling Heavy weight. Humphreys. T. Athletics m. flat, cross country race. Hunter, W. L. Broad jump. Husby, O. Norway Shooting a. e. Hussak, L. Austria Football Huszagh, K. U. S. A. Swimming m. free style, m. team race. Hutcheson, R. B. Canada Shooting o. Hutson, E. W. Great Britain Athletics m. flat, m. team race. Huttunen, H. Finland Shooting d. e. k. Hyks, B. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Hylander, A. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Hynes, M. St. Great Britain Athletics Tug-of-War. Hyvärinen, E. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Hyvärinen, M. III. Hårleman, C. Sweden Athletics Pole jump. Höie, T. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers. Hök, Å. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping. Höyer, Cl. Norway Rowing Fours, inriggers.

Swimming High (plain) diving. Finland Ilmoniemi, T. Gymnastics Team competition III.

Broad jump, throwing the Ingebrigtsen, O. Norway Athletics javelin, b. h. Ingerslev, V. Denmark Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Indriksson, A. Russia Athletics m. flat. Innocent, G. Great Britain Swimming m. breast stroke,

Irons, F. C. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump. Isberg, P. Sweden Yacht Racing m. class.

Jaakonaho, J. Finland Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Jack, F. Germany Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre. Jackson, A. N. S. Great Britain Athletics m. flat. Jackson, J. E. U. S. A. Shooting a. b. c. Jacobs, D. H. Great Britain Athletics m. flat, m. flat, relay race Jacobsen, O. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I: Jacobson, Skotte Sweden Athletics m. flat, m. flat, hop, step and jump, Decathlon. Jacobsson, Sigge Marathon race. Jahn, W. Germany m. flat. Jakovleff, A. de Russia Fencing Foils. Jand, E. Austria Rowing Fours, outriggers. Janda, F. Bohemia Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., Putting the weight, b.h. Jankovich, I. Hungary m. flat, m. flat, relay race

914 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Janse, A. J. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Jansson, K. E. Finland Ind. competition. Jansson, K. J. E. Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving, spring-board diving. Janzon, C. Athletics Throwing the hammer. Jaubert, Ch. France Shooting l. m. n. o. r. Javurek, J. Bohemia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre. Jebe, Ch. Norway Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Jeffreys, C. A. South Africa Shooting a. b. c. e. Jeney, S. Hungary Rowing Eights, outriggers. Jensen, C. C. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III, ind. comp. Jensen, C. J. Athletics Cross country race. Jensen, E. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Jensen, J. Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Jensen, J. K. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Jensen, O. A. Norway Shooting a. b. Jensen, O. Denmark Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Jensen, S. Norway Football Jensen, S. A. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Jensen, S. M. Wrestling Heavy weight. Jensen, T. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Jensen, W. Denmark I. Jernström, V. Sweden Shooting a. b. c. e. Jesinghaus, W. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II. III. Jilewitch, W. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Jiranek, L. Bohemia Athletics m. flat. Jirsak, J. Pole jump. Jong, A. E. W. de Holland Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre. Jongh, H. de Ind. épée, team sabre, ind. sabre. Johansen, D. V. Norway Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. and r. & l. h. Johansen, H. Football Johansen, Hj. P. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Johanson, A. Sweden Rowing Fours, inriggers. Johansson, A. Swimming High (plain) diving. Johansson, C. H. Shooting a. b. d. e. Johansson, Cl. E. Wrestling Middle weight A. Johansson, E. Football Johansson, E. A. Shooting g. Johansson, Fr. R. Wrestling Middle weight A. Johansson, F. W. Finland Athletics m. flat; team race m.; cross-country race. Johansson, Greta Sweden Swimming m. free style, ladies; high(plain)diving, ladies; m. team race, ladies. Johansson, G. M. High(plain)diving, ladies. Johansson, H. A. Wrestling Feather weight. Johansson, Hj. Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving, water polo. 915 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Johnsen, B. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Johnsen, J. H. Swimming m. free style; back stroke; free style;

Johnson, F. Sweden Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Johnson, L. France Shooting a. d. e. f. i. k. Johnson, T. Sweden Rowing Fours, inriggers. Johnstone, A. E. South Africa Shooting b. c. e. Johnstone, J. O. U. S. A. Athletics High jump. Jokinen, A. Finland Wrestling Middle weight A. Jones, J. P. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat; m. flat; team race m.; cross-country race. Jones, P. H. Great Britain Shooting k. Jones, S. L. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Jonsson, E. Sweden Shooting c. Jonsson, G. Athletics Throwing the hammer. Jonsson, G. A. Shooting c. d. e. Jonsson, J. Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Jonsson, K. Athletics Tug-of- War. Jonsson, M. Wrestling Light weight. Jonsson, R. Shooting b. e. i. Jonsson, Sonja Swimming m. free style, ladies; m. team race, ladies. Jordan, K. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; III. Jordell, J. O. Norway Shooting c. g. Judkins, A. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Julin, H. Sweden m. free style; m. breast stroke; water polo. Jurgens, E. Holland Shooting o. Just, J. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Juslén, P. Finland Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Jnstén, B. Jäger, A. Germany Football Järvi, T. M. Finland Swimming m. free style, ladies. Järvinen, W. Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h. Jöhncke, A. Sweden Fencing Foils, team sabre. Jölver, K. A. W. Denmark Modern Pentathlon Jörgensen, E. Football Jörgensen, H. Rowing Fours, outriggers. Jörgensen, P. P. Gymnastics Team competition III. Jörgensen, S. Norway III.

Kache, A. de Russia Shooting k. l. m. Kahanamoku, D. U. S. A. Swimming m. free style; m. team race. Kainuvaara, K. Finland Plain and variety diving. Kaiser, F. H. U. S. A. Athletics Walking race. Kalinine, C. de Russia Shooting b. c. d. e. Kallberg, A. Finland Athletics Marathon race. Kaltenbrunner, J. Austria Football 916 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Kanakuri, S. Japan Athletics Marathon race. Kander, G. S. V. Sweden Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Kangas, A. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Kanivé, N. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; III; ind. comp. Kankkonen, J. Finland Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kankovszky, A. von Hungary Swimming Water Polo. Kaplur, O. Russia Wrestling Light weight. Kapmal, A. Athletics Marathon race. Kari, Regina Finland Swimming m. free style, ladies. Karoly, J: Hungary Football Karpati, O. Athletics Marathon race. Karlsson, D. Sweden Wrestling Heavy weight. Karlsson, K. Feather weight. Karlsson, M. Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Karlsson, W. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Keely, E. J. South Africa Shooting a. c. d. e. Keeper, J. Canada Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Kehrling, B. von Hungary Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Keinänen, I. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Keiser, W. Russia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Kelemen, A. von Hungary Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Kellaway, H. G. Great Britain Athletics Marathon race. Kellner, Hanny Austria Swimming High (plain) diving, ladies. Kellner, P. m. free style, ladies; m. team race, ladies. Kellner, P. Germany m. back stroke. Kelly, F. W. U. S. A. Athletics Hurdle race. Kemp, F. W. Great Britain Shooting g. i. Kempe, C. Sweden Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (covered courts) Doubles, Mixed Doubles. Kempster, A. J. Great Britain Shooting j. k. l. Keene, A. V. Fencing Ind. sabre. Kenna, P. A. Horse Riding comp. Military, prize-jumping, ind. Kent, A. H. E. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Kenyery, A. Hungary Swimming m. free style,

m. team race. Kenyon, J. H. Canada Shooting o. Kereszetssy, J. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Kern, E. Germany Athletics m. flat; relay race m. Kertesz, V. Hungary Football Ketterer, E. Germany Athletics m. flat. Keyper, R. J. G. Denmark Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Kildal, K. Norway Prize jumping, ind. 917 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Kilman, G. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, team. Kingsford, P. E. Great Britain Athletics Broad jump. Kinnear, W. D. Rowing Single Sculls. Kipp, E. Germany Football Kippasto, A. Russia Wrestling Light weight. Kirby, A. G. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Kirk, J. W. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kirk, K. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Kirkebjerg, F. Horse Riding comp. Military. Kirkegaard, J. Gymnastics Team competition I. Kitson, H. A. South Africa Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Kiviat, A. R. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat, team race m. Kivenheimo, V. Hj. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Kjems, A. N. Denmark I. Klein, M. Russia Wrestling Middle weight A. Klein, N. F. H. Sweden Shooting o. Klem, Th. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Klerck, C. G. Sweden Fencing Ind. sabre, team sabre. Klika, M. Bohemia Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Klintberg, J. Sweden Athletics Cross-country race. Knepper, E. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Kniajevitsch, D. de Russia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Knight, A. E. Great Britain Football Knudsen, K. L. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Kobulszky, K. Hungary Athletics Throwing the discus,b.h., r. & l. h. Koch, M. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Koch Shooting n. 0. q. r. Kodl, J. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Koepke, A. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Koepke, C. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kofler, A. Austria Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kohn, R. Football Kokotowitsch, P. Wrestling Middle weight A. Kolehmainen, H. Finland Athletics m. flat, m. flat, team race m., cross-country race. Kolehmainen, T. m. flat, Marathon race. Kolehmainen, T. Wrestling Light weight. Kolho, L. Shooting e. Kolho, V. V. d. e. Koller, V. C. Chili Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kolling, J. C. Holland Fencing Ind. sabre. 918 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Kolomenkine, N. de Russia Shooting j. k. l. m. Konow, M. Norway Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Kopriva, F. Bohemia Wrestling Middle weight B. Kopsky, J. G. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Korody, K. Hungary Football Korponay, J. Gymnastics Team competition II; ind. comp. Korver, J. M. de Holland Football Koskelo, K. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Kouchnikoff, P. Russia Gymnastics Ind. competition. Kouskoff, D. de Shooting a. b. c. d. e. k. Kousnezoff, N. Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Kovacs, E. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Kovács, M. Hungary Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. r. & l. h., Throwing the discus, b. h. Kovacs, N. Broad jump. Kraft, C. A. Denmark Horse Riding comp. Military. Kragh-Christian- sen, E. Norway Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Kramer, R. Austria Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kramer, W. J. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat, cross- country race. Krebs, C. I. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Krefting, Kr. Norway Football Kreuzer, O. Germany Lawn Tennis (out-of- Gentlemen’s Singles. door courts) Krigsman, W. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Kriz, Fr. Bohemia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. Épée, team sabre. Krogh, O. T. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers. Krogius, A. Finland Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Krogmann, G. Germany Football Krojer, G. Austria Athletics Hop, step and jump, throwing the javelin, b. h., Pentathlon, relay race m. Krombholz, F. Rowing Fours, outriggers. Kruckenberg, C. W. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Kruklin, A. Russia Athletics m. flat, Marathon race. Krushel, A. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kröcher, von Germany Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Kröder, G. Austria Rowing Fours, outriggers. Kubrycht, B. Bohemia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kudloff, W. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. épée. Kugelberg, E. Sweden Athletics Pentathlon, Decathlon. Kuhn, E. A. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Kukkola, E. Finland Athletics Broad jump, throwing the javelin, b.h.; Pentathlon.

919 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Kulikoff, S. Russia Gymnastics Ind. competition. Kullberg, A. B. G. Sweden Team competition I. Kullerstrand, K. Athletics High jump. Kumfeldt, K. T. Swimming Water Polo. Kummer, N. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Kumpu, O. W. Finland Wrestling Middle weight, B. Kundert, Fr. Bohemia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Kunisch, G. Germany Swimming m. free style, m. team race. Kurpiel, L. Austria Football Kurz, A. Germany Wrestling Middle weight A. Kusik, M. Russia Rowing Single Sculls. Kusmitscheff, V. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Kwieton, F. Austria Athletics Marathon race. Kynin, N. Russia Football Kyrönen, W. Finland Athletics Cross-country race. Köring, Dora Germany Lawn Tennis Ladies’ Singles, (out-of-door courts) Mixed Doubles. Körner, R. Gymnastics Team competition II, III.

Labat, R. J. France Athletics High jump. Labik, V. Bohemia m. flat, m. flat, m. flat. Lagarde, C. France Throwing the discus, b.h., Putting the weight, b.h. Lager, G. Sweden Rowing Fours, outriggers. Lager, J. Lagerlöf, L. Shooting b. Laine, A. Finland Athletics High jump. Laitinen, O. A. Wrestling Light weight. Lalu, M. France Gymnastics Ind. competition. Lamby, N. S. Sweden Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Landberg, S.A.R. Gymnastics Team competition I. Landrock, H. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Landsberg, K. J. Sweden Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lane, A. P. U. S. A. Shooting j. k. l. m. Langford, Mary Great Britain Swimming m. free style, ladies, team race, ladies. Langaard, C. Norway Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (out-of-door courts) Doubles, Mixed Doubles. Lange, F. Germany Wrestling Middle weight B. Langkjær, S. Denmark Athletics High jump, Pentathlon, Decathlon. Langsam, M. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Lanners, E. II, III, ind. comp. Lardin, M. France Shooting a. c. f. Larimer, M. W. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team. épée. Larsen, A. Norway Yacht Racing 12-m. class.

920 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Larsen, C. O. L. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Larsen, E. Norway Athletics Hop, step and jump. Larsen, E. Denmark Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered courts) Mixed Doubles. Larsen, H. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Larsen, L. T. K. Denmark Shooting d. e. k. Larsen, N. H. D. a. c. d. e. k. Larsen, O. Norway Athletics m. flat ; m. flat. Larsen, P. Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Larsson, A. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h. Larsson, A. V. Swimming High (plain) diving, ladies. Larsson, B. Athletics m. flat; cross- country race. Larsson, B. Shooting a. d. e. Larsson, D. Athletics Tug-of-War. Larsson, E. V. Larsson, H. Wrestling Feather weight. Larsson, K. Shooting q. Lasanen, O. A. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Las-Torres, B.von Hungary Swimming m. free style; m. free style: 800 m. team race. Laufray, L. France Water Polo. Laursen, J. P. M. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Modern Pentathlon de Laval, C. P. G. Sweden Shooting m. de Laval, E. P. H. Modern Pentathlon de Laval, G. P. F. Shooting j. k. m. Lawrence Great Britain Horse Riding comp. Military. Laybourn, W. C. Denmark Modern Pentathlon Lazaro, F. Portugal Athletics Marathon race. Lear J:r, Ben U. S. A. Horse Riding comp. Military; prize jumping, team. de Lébédeff, T. Russia Shooting a. b. c. d. e. Lee, G. Great Britain Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Lefevre, M. L. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Leffler, H. Sweden Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered & out-of- door courts) Legat, M. Italy Athletics Broad jump; pole jump. Lehmann, E. Germany m. flat; m. flat. Lehmuswirta, J.W. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Leister, K. Germany Rowing Fours, outriggers. Leivonen, K. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Lelong, C. L. France Athletics m. flat; m. flat; m. flat; relay race m.; relay race m. Lemming, E. Sweden Throwing the javelin, b. h. & r. & l. h.; throwing the discus, r. & l. h.; throwing the hammer. 921 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Lemming, O. Sweden Athletics Pentathlon. Lemnitz, F. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lenzi, A. Italy Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h.; Putting the weight, b. h. Leone, P. Football Leparsky, F. Russia Fencing Foils. Lepère, A. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. de Lesche, P. Russia Shooting b. c. d. e. Lesieur, E. France Wrestling Light weight. de Lesser, E. C. Shooting n. o. Lessimore, E. J. Great Britain f. g. i. Leushner, W. F. U. S. A. f. g. h. i. p. q. r. Leviczky, K. Hungary Rowing Single Sculls. Levidis, N. Greece Shooting a. b. c. f. g. h. i. m. q. Levin, J. G. Hj. Sweden Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Levin, S. Athletics m. flat. Levison, E. Denmark Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée, team sabre, ind. sabre. Lewenhaupt, C. G. S. Sweden Modern Pentathlon Lewenhaupt, Ch. Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Lewenhaupt, G. Prize jumping, ind. & team. Lewin, J. Football Lewis, R. South Africa Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Libbey, W. U. S. A. Shooting p. Liberg, E. Norway d. e. Lichtenfels, J. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, ind. sabre, team sabre. Lie, A. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Lie, B. Shooting Lie, R. Gymnastics Team competition III. Liebing, O. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Liesche, H. Athletics High jump. Lieth, P. Russia Shooting o. q. Lietola, V. Finland Football Lieven, J. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lilley, T. H. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Lilliehöök, G. M. Sweden Modern Pentathlon Lind, C. Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h.; throwing the hammer. Lind, G. L. Finland Wrestling Middle weight B. Lind, K. G. Lindahl, A. Sweden Athletics Cross-country race. Lindberg, E. F. J. U. S. A. m flat; relay race m. Lindberg, K. Sweden m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. 922 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Lindberg, K. Finland Wrestling Middle weight B. Lindblom, G. Sweden Athletics Hop, step and jump. Lindblom, G. Th. Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. épée. Lindblom, K. Athletics m. flat. Linde, N. Throwing the discus, r. & l. h. throwing the hammer. Lindén, E. Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Lindewald, E. W. Shooting q. r. Lindfors, A. V. Finland Wrestling Heavy weight. Lindgren, V. Swimming m. breast stroke, m. breast stroke. Lindh, E. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Lindh, E. A. 10-m. class. Lindholm Russia Lindholm, A. Finland Athletics m. flat; team race m.; cross-country race. Lindholm, E. Sweden m. fiat; m. flat; in. flat; relay race m. Lindhlom, G.W.M. Fencing Ind. sabre. Lindholm, I. Athletics Hop, step and jump; Pentathlon. Lindnér, S. M. A. Football Lindpaintner, O. Germany Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Lindqvist, E. J. Sweden Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Lindroos, K.G.L. Finland Swimming m. breast stroke; m. breast stroke. Lindskog, S. A. Sweden Shooting q. r. Lindstrand, F. G. Wrestling Heavy weight. Lindström, K. H. Athletics Tug-of-War. Lippincott, D. F. U. S. A. m. flat; m. flat. Littlejohn, C.W.B. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Littlewort, H. C. Football Ljunggren, G. Sweden Athletics Broad jump. Lloyd, E. W. Great Britain Marathon race. Lloyd, L. Shooting c. Lodal, O. Denmark Athletics Marathon race. Loftes, A. H. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lofthus, H. Norway Wrestling Light weight. Logan, B. Great Britain Rowing Fours outriggers. Lomberg, C. Sweden Athletics Broad jump; Pentathlon; Decathlon. Lommatsch, E. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Londen, A. F. Finland Shooting n. p. q. Longworth, W. Australasia Swimming m. free style; m. free style. Lord, F. Great Britain Athletics Marathon race. Lorichs, H. L. Sweden Football Lotsy, D. N. Holland Lourasoff, V. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Lowe, A. H. Great Britain Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles.

923 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Lowe, F. G. Great Britain Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Loy, F. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Luber, H. Germany Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving, spring-board diving. Luck, Ch. J. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Ludinszky, L. Hungary Athletics High jump. von Luetcken Germany Horse Riding comp. Military. Luettich, H. J. Shooting o. Lukeman, F. L. Canada Athletics m. flat; hurdle race; broad jump; Penta- thlon; Decathlon; relay race m.; relay race, m. Lukk, K. Russia Walking race. Lund, C. E. Sweden Wrestling Light weight. Lund, K. E. Finland Football Lund, K. Fr. Gymnastics Team competition III. Lund, M. Norway Football Lund, T. Gymnastics Team competition III. Lundberg, H. T. Sweden Athletics Tug-of- War. Lundberg, I. Marathon race. Lundeberg, Å. Shooting n. o. p. q. r. Lundén, H. Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Lundgren, K. Swimming m. free style, ladies; m. team race, ladies. Lundqvist, C. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lundsten, F. Finland Wrestling Middle weight A. Lundström, K. Sweden Athletics m. flat; cross- country race. Lundvall, K.H.V. Swimming m. back stroke. Lunghi, E. Italy Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Lunzer, G. Hungary Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h. Lupton, W. T. Great Britain Wrestling Light weight. Luther, C. Sweden Athletics m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Lyman, G. Shooting q. r. Lyons, J. P. Canada Swimming High (plain) diving. Lyshon, W. J. U. S. A. Wrestling Feather weight. Lüthje, C. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lützow, W. Swimming m. breast stroke; m. breast stroke. Löffler, W. Fencing Foils. Löfgren, G. B. Finland Football Löfman, R. Sweden Shooting g. i. k. Lönn, K. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Lönnberg, E. Finland Rowing Fours, outriggers. Lönnberg, I. Sweden Athletics Marathon race. Lövold, A. Norway Wrestling Middle weight B. Löwenadler, F. Sweden Swimming m. breast stroke. Löwenstein, L. Russia Athletics m. flat.

924 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Maartmann, E. Norway Football Maartmann, R. Mc Aleenan J:r, A. U. S. A. Swimming High (plain) diving; spring-board diving. Mc Arthur, K. K. South Africa Athletics Marathon race. Mc Cleary, W. O. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Mc Clure, W. Great Britain Shooting c. k. m. Mc Clure, W. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Mc Connell, F. D. Canada m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Mc Curdy, W. M. U. S. A. m. flat; m. flat. Mc Dermott, M. Swimming m. breast stroke; m. breast stroke. Mc Donald, P. Athletics Putting the weight, b. h., r. & l. h. Mc Donell, W. N. Shooting b. g. h. i. p. Mc Gillivray, P. Swimming m. free style; m. team race. Mc Grath, M. J. Athletics Throwing the hammer. Mc Kune, W. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Mc Lean, R. G. Mc Laughlin, J. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Mc Mahon, D. F. Shooting o. Mc Villy, C. Australasia Rowing Single Sculls. Mc Whirter, D. Great Britain Football Macintosh, H. M. Athletics m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Mackenzie, G. Wrestling Feather weight. Macmillan, D. Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Madeira, L. C. U. S. A. m. flat. Madsen, A. S. Denmark Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Madsen, L. J. Shooting a. d. e. f. k. Madsen, V. M. Gymnastics Team competition III. Magnusson, E. Sweden Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h. Maguire, H. F. U. S. A. m. flat. Malfait, G. D. France m. flat; m. flat. Malisch, P. Germany Swimming m. breast stroke; m. breast stroke. Malm, B. T. Sweden Football Malm, K. O. R. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Malm, O. F. Football Malmqvist, V. A Denmark Malmsten, G. Sweden Athletics Broad jump. Malmström, Hj. Wrestling Light weight. Mangiante, G. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Mangiante, L. Mann, P. E. Great Britain Athletics m. flat. Manno, M. Hungary Rowing Eights, outriggers. Mannström, K. Sweden Modern Pentathlon Manos, P. Greece Fencing Team épée. Manuel, R. Austria Swimming Water polo. de Mar, C. H. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race.

925 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Maranda, A. Canada Athletics Broad jump; hop, step and jump. Marcault, J. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mariani, D. Italy Football le Marié, H. France Shooting o. Marini, V. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Marion, A. France Shooting b. d. e. Mark, O. Sweden Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Mark, P. S. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Markoff, W. A. Russia Football Markow, W. A. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Markus, E. Hungary Wrestling Light weight. Marsh, W. W. Great Britain Fencing Ind. sabre; team sabre. Martin, A. R. Martin, E. France Wrestling Middle weight B. Martin, W. C. U. S. A. Cycling cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Martin, W. W. Great Britain Football Martineau, S. Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Martinsen, P. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Marton, K. Hungary Wrestling Light weight. Martuscheff, L. Russia Fencing Ind. épée; team épée. Marty, L. C. France Gymnastics Ind. competition. Maseng, R. Norway Shooting b. g. de Mas Latrie, J. France Modern Pentathlon Massa, M. Italy Swimming m. free style; m. free style; m. free style. Mathiæ, H. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Mathiesen, P. A. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Mathiesen, S. W. Fencing Ind. épée; team épée. Matiason, E. Sweden Wrestling Light weight. Mattson, P. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Mattsson, R. Athletics High jump. Maunder, A. Great Britain Shooting n. o. Mavrogordato, T. M. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles; Mixed Doubles. Mavrommatis, F. Greece Shooting a. b. c. f. g. h. i. j. k. l. m. Mayer, R. Austria Rowing Fours, outriggers. Mayer, V. Swimming Water Polo. Mazur, G. Hungary Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mazzarocchi, S. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Mecredy, R. J. R. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Meert, M. H. France Athletics High jump. Meesit, A. Russia Wrestling Feather weight. Megherian, M. Turkey Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h.; Putting the weight, b. h., r. & l. h.; Pen- tathlon; Decathlon. Meienreis, W. Germany Fencing Ind. épée; team épée; team sabre.

926 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Meignant, A. France Rowing Fours, inriggers. Meissner, F. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Meister, G. France Swimming m. free style; water polo. Melin, D. E. Sweden Athletics Broad jump. Mellin, V. Wrestling Middle weight A. de Melnitsky, N. Russia Shooting j. k. l. m. q. Menaul, J. A. U. S. A. Athletics Pentathlon. Meny, M. France Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Mercer, E. L. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump; Pentathlon. Meredith, J. E. m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Meredith, L. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Merkle, J. Germany Wrestling Middle weight A. Mérillon, D. France Shooting b. c. Merlin, E. A. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Merz, R. Austria Football Messenger, A. W. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competititon II. Mestecky, Z. Bohemia Athletics m. flat. Meszaros, E. Hungary Fencing Ind. sabre; team sabre. Meszaros, J. Rowing Single Sculls. Metaxas, A. Greece Shooting m. o. Meulengracht- Madsen, H. Denmark Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Meyboom, H. Belgium Swimming m. free style; water polo. Meyer France Horse Riding comp. Military; prize jumping, ind. & team. Meyer, A. T. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Meyer, G. H. Germany Shooting l. m. Mezei, F. Hungary Athletics m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Michel, A. Austria Shooting p. q. Michiels, A. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mickler, G. Germany Athletics m. flat; team race m. Middelboe, N. Denmark Football Middleton, S. A. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Milano, G. Italy Football Milch, Klara Australasia Swimming m. free style, ladies, m. team race, ladies. Miller, J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mills, E. A. Athletics Tug-of-War. Milne, W. Shooting g. h. i. Miloschevitsch, D. Servia Athletics m. flat. Mirambeau, A. France Rowing Fours, outriggers. Mishima, Y. Japan Athletics m. flat; m. flat; m. flat. Miskey, A. Hungary Wrestling Middle weight A.

927 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Modig, B. Sweden Athletics m. flat. von Moers, Germany Horse Riding comp. Military, Prize-riding. Molijn, W. H. Holland Fencing Ind. épée. Molokanof, B. Russia Athletics Throwing the discus, r. & l. h. Monsen, O. Norway High jump. Montan, S. M. Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving. Montgomerie, R. C. L. Great Britain Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Montgomery, J. C. U. S. A. Horse Riding comp. Military, Prize riding, Prize jumping, team. de Montigny, F. Belgium Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Moore, B. Great Britain Swimming m. free style, ladies. Moore, J. M. U. S. A. Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Moore, W. C. Great Britain Athletics m. flat, team race m. Morberger, R. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Mordovine, A. Russia Fencing Foils, team épée, ind. sabre, team sabre. Morelli., V. Italy Football Morén, H. H. S. Sweden Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mourlon, R. France Athletics m. flat, m. relay race. Morville, C. V. Denmark Football Moss, C. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Mostras, S. D. Greece Shooting a. c. Motte, A. France Athletics Broad jump. Mucks, A. M. U. S. A. Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h. Mudin, I. Hungary Putting the weight, b. h. Mugridge, A. R. Great Britain Tug-of-War. Muller, E. J. U. S. A. Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h. Munro, A. Great Britain Tug-of-war. von Mura, A. T. Hungary Shooting g. i. k. m. Murphy, F. D. U. S. A. Athletics Pole jump. Murphy, W. E. G. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Murray, R. C. Great Britain Shooting f. g. i. Murray, W. Australasia Athletics Walking race. Mustonen, R. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Müller, Alois Austria Football Müller, F. A. Chili Athletics m. flat. Müller, I. Hungary Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. von Müller, O. Germany Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Münich, C. Austria Fencing Ind. sabre. Myrberg, H. Sweden Football Myyrä, J. Finland Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. Måhl, H. Sweden High jump. Månsson, G. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Männel, O. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar.

928 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Möbius, E. A. Denmark Gymnastics Ind. competition. Möller, C. M. A. Rowing Fours, inriggers. Möller, E. Sweden Athletics High jump, broad jump. Möller, F. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered and out- Doubles. of-door-courts) Möller, G. Athletics m. flat, m. flat, m. flat. Möller, H. Throwing the discus, b.h. Möller, I. m. flat, m. flat, relay race m.

Nadi, N. Italy Fencing Foils, ind. sabre, team sabre. Nagel, O. W. D. Denmark Wrestling Middle weight B. Nardus, L. Holland Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Nauman, F. J. T. Sweden Swimming Water Polo. Naumann, A. Germany Fencing Ind. épée. Nazarof, D. Russia Athletics m. flat, m. flat, team race m. Neklepaieff, N. Throwing the javelin, b.h. Nelson, F. F. U. S. A. Pole jump. Nepokoupnoi, B. Russia Modern Pentathlon Nerich, N. T. U. S. A. Swimming m. free style. Neser, J. Germany Wrestling Heavy weight. Neubauer, L. Austria Football Nicholson, J. P. U. S. A. Athletics Hurdle race. Nicol, G. Great Britain m. flat, relay race m. Nicolsky, M. Russia m.flat, m.flat. Nielsen, A. P. Denmark Shooting e. k. Nielsen, F. e. f. g. k. Nielsen, L. F. C. Gymnastics Team competition III. Nielsen, N. C. O. Football Nielsen, N. P. Nielsen, S. E. Nielsen, S. P. Shooting k. Nielsen, V. C. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Nielsen, V. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Nieminen, W. Finland Gymnastics Ind. competition. Nikitin, G. M. Russia Football Niklander, E. Finland Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h., putting the weight, b. h., r. & l. h. Nilsson, C. Sweden Marathon race. Nilsson, Dagmar Swimming High (plain) diving, ladies. Nilsson, E. Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h., putting the weight, b. h., r. & l. h., Pentathlon, Decathlon. Nilsson, E. H. W. Wrestling Middle weight B. Nilsson, G. Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., r. & l. h. Nilsson, I. T. Wrestling Light weight. Nilsson, K. O. V. Football

59 Fifth Olympiad. 929 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Nilsson, M. Sweden Athletics Pole jump. Nilsson, O. Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h.; throwing the discus b. h. Nilsson, P. E. A. Gymnastics Team competition I. Niska, A. J. Finland Football di Nola, U. Italy Fencing Foils, team sabre. Noll, O. Austria Football Fencing Team épée. Norby, H. C. Norway Modern Pentathlon Nordén, G. Sweden Athletics Hop, step and jump. Nordenström, S. A. M. Fencing Ind. sabre, team sabre. Nordenswan, A. Shooting f. g. i. Nordlander, A. Horse Riding comp. Military. Nordström, H. Athletics m. flat, cross country race. Nordström, R. H. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Nordvik, H. Norway Shooting a. b. Norelius, B. R. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Norling, A. I. Norling, L. D. I. Norman, A. C. C. South Africa Athletics Marathon race, walking race. Normann, Aagot Norway Swimming m. free style, ladies. Notaris, S. Greece Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Nuytens, L. Belgium Rowing Fours, outriggers. Nyberg, H. Sweden Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Nyberg, H. Shooting Nyholm, J. W. Finland Rowing Fours, outriggers. Nylén, C. O. Sweden Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Doubles, (covered & out-of- Mixed Doubles. door courts) Nylund, E. Finland Rowing Fours, outriggers. Nylund, S. T. Sweden Swimming Spring-board diving. Nyman, A. M. Finland High (plain) diving. Nyman, G. R. Shooting d. e. Nyström, J. F. Sweden g. k Nyström, T. E. b. c. Nys, L. P. Belgium Swimming Water Polo. Nyyssönen, A. H. Finland Football

Oberholzer, H. A. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Oberle, E. Germany Football Ochs, J. Belgium Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Odelberg, E. A. Sweden Shooting g. i. Oehler, P. Germany Wrestling Middle weight B. von Oesterley Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Ohlsson, B. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b.h. Ohlsson, E. Shooting b. c. Ohlsson, Hj. Athletics Hop, step and jump. Ohlsson, P. Broad jump, hop, step and jump. Ohlsson, R. Throwing the hammer. Ohlsson, T. m. flat, team race m.

930 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Ohrling, A. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Ohsol-Berné A. Russia Putting the weight, b. h. Oler, J:r, W. M. U. S. A. High jump. Olin, J. F. Finland Wrestling Heavy weight. Olsen, C. T. Norway Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Olsen, E. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Olsen, F. Norway I. Olsen, G. Athletics High jump. Olsen, H. Denmark Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre. Olsen, H. C. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Olsen, H. G. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Olsen, O. Norway Athletics Marathon race. Olsen, O. Denmark Shooting d. e. Olsen, O. Gymnastics Team competition III. Olsen, O. A. Football Olsen, S. L. Gymnastics Team competition III. Olsen, T. Norway Wrestling Light weight. Olsson, S. Sweden Middle weight A. Olstad F. Norway Rowing Fours, inriggers. Olstad, O. Gymnastics Team competition I. Ommundsen, H. Great Britain Shooting a. b. Onody, J. Hungary Swimming Water Polo. Opdahl, J. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Opdahl, N. III. Orlando, A. Italy Athletics m.flat, m.flat. Orosz, D. Hungary Wrestling Light weight. Osburn, C. T. U. S. A. Shooting a. b. c. e. f. g. i. Osiier, I. Denmark Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre. Otto, Louise Germany Swimming m. free style, ladies. m. team race, ladies. Ouwersky, A. Russia Football Owen, E. Great Britain Athletics m. flat, team race m. Paaske, C. Norway Modern Pentathlon Pagani, A. Italy Athletics Hurdle race, high jump, broad jump, Pentath- lon, Decathlon. Pahner, H. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Pajzs, P. Hungary Fencing Foils, ind. sabre. Palén, P. Sweden Shooting k. l. m. Palgen, M. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Palma, L. E. Chili Athletics m. flat. Palmer, C. Great Britain Shooting n. o. Palmer, W. J. Athletics Walking race. de Panteleymo- noff, G. Russia Shooting k. l. m. Wrestling Heavy weight. Paoli, R. L. France Athletics Putting the weight, b. h. Papazian, V. Turkey m. flat, m. flat.

931 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Sir W. L. Parker, Bt. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Parker, T. C. Australasia Parnell, E. L. Great Britain Shooting a. b. c. Parton, M. Lawn Tennis Ladies’ Singles, (covered courts) Mixed Doubles. Paseman, R. Germany Athletics Broad jump, pole jump. Paszthy, E. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II, ind. comp. Pataki, M. Football Patching, G. H. South Africa Athletics m. flat. m. flat, m. flat. Paternelli, P. Austria Shooting p. q. Patou, J, Belgium Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Patterson, A. Great Britain Athletics m. flat. Patterson, N. J. U. S. A. m. flat. Patterson, R. South Africa Shooting a. b, c. d. e. Patton, J:r G. S. U. S. A. Modern Pentathlon Pauen, C. Germany Paulsen, E. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Pautex, L. France Athletics Marathon race; Payer, Imre. Hungary Football Pawlow, P. W. Russia Yacht Racing -m class. Pawlowitch, P. Wrestling Feather weight. Peacock, W. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Pedersen, A. Norway Athletics m. flat, m. flat Pedersen, C. Gymnastics Team competition I. Pedersen, C. J. Denmark III, ind. comp. Pedersen, H. E. Team competition I. Pedersen, I. Norway Football Pedersen, J. Athletics m. flat, m. flat, m. flat. Pedersen, K. Football Pedersen, N. Denmark Athletics Walking race. Pedersen, O. Gymnastics Team competition I. Pedersen, P. Norway I. Pedersen, P. L. Denmark I. Pedersen, V. Athletics m. flat, cross -country race. Pédery, A. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Peinaud, P. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Pekkalainen, A. Finland Yacht Racing -m. class. Pelander, G. U. Wrestling Heavy weight. Pelkonen, A. Gymnastics Team competition III. Pell, T. R. U. S. A. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door-courts) Pelletier, M. Luxemburg Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., Putting the weight, b. h. Peltonen, U. Finland Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Penc, V. Bohemia m. flat, Marathon race. Pepé, J. Great Britain Shooting f. g. h. i. Pepper, E. E. Gymnastics Team competition II. 932 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Percy, L. France Shooting a. b. c. d. e. Pereira, A. Portugal Wrestling Feather weight. Perk, A. C. Holland Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Pernaja, I. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Personne, C. B. Sweden Fencing Foils, ind. sabre, team sabre. Persson, A. W. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Persson, E. P. L. Wrestling Feather weight. Person, J. Germany Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Persson, K. P. Sweden Football Persson, M. Athletics m. flat, m. flat. Persson, N. Yacht Racing -m. class. Persson, T. Athletics m. flat, m. flat, relay race m. Pertel, B. Russia Shooting 0. Pesteriff, S. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Petersen, A. C. Denmark Football Petersen, C. E. O. Gymnastics Team competition III. Petersen, C. F. Rowing Fours, inriggers. Petersen, H. Gymnastics Team competition I. Petersen, N. III, ind. comp. Peterson, P. M. Norway Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Petroff, E. Russia Athletics m. flat. Pettersen, B. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Pettersson, F. G. Sweden Football Pettersson, J. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Fencing Ind. épée. Petropoulus, G. Greece Shooting l. Pfeiffer, J. Bohemia Fencing Foils, ind. épée team épée team sabre. Phelps, R. E. Great Britain Wrestling Light weight. Philbrook, G. W. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h., Putting the weight, b.h., Decathlon. Pietrasanta F. Italy Fencing Foils, ind. sabre, team sabre. Piggott, R. F. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Pihkala, L. Finland m. flat. Pike, J. R. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Pikker, A. Russia Wrestling Middle weight B. Pimm, W. E. Great Britain Shooting f. g. h. i. Pinchard, G. E. 0. Pipes, F. Austria Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles, (out-of-door courts) Doubles. Pitman, F. A. H. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Pjetursson, S. Iceland Wrestling Middle weight B. Plaskuda, H. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. épée team épée team sabre. Plater, P. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Platon, H. F. S. Norway Fencing Ind. épée team épée

933 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Pleckhoff, M. Russia Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping,ind.&team. Pletincx, J. Belgium Swimming Water Polo. Podgornoff, N. Russia Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Pohlis, J. Wrestling Middle weight A. Poix, G. France Rowing Fours, inriggers. Pongracz, J. Hungary Wrestling Feather weight. Pontenani, A. Italy Fencing Ind. sabre. Ponurski, W. Austria Athletics 200 m. flat, 400 m. flat. Porter, C. H. A. Great Britain 5,000 m. flat, team race 3,000 m. van Post, A. Zo. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, ind. épée team épée ind. sabre. de Potékine, W. Russia Shooting g. Pott, H. E. Great Britain Swimming Spring-board diving. Potts, E. W. Gymnastics Team competition II. Potts, R. H. II, ind. comp. Poulenard, C. A. France Athletics 200 m. flat, 400 m. flat, 800 m. flat, relay race 1,600 m. Poulter, H. O. Great Britain Shooting j. k. l. Poulter, S. H. Australasia Athletics Marathon race. Povey, R. South Africa 100 m. flat, 200 m. flat. Powell, K. Great Britain Hurdle race. Praem, J. V. T. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Pratneek, J. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Preuss, A. Germany Shooting n. o. q. r. Prihoda, S. Hungary a. c. e. Pritchard, E. M. U. S. A. Athletics Hurdle race. Prokopp, A. Hungary Shooting c. Prouvost, G. France Swimming Water Polo. Psycha, P. Greece 100 m. back stroke. Puhm, J. Austria Fencing Foils, ind. sabre, team sabre. Pukkila, T. V. Finland Wrestling Light weight. Puschnitsky Russia Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Putnam, H. N. U. S. A. Athletics 800 m. flat, 1,500 m. flat.

Quinn, P. Great Britain Putting the weight, b. h.

Rabe, W. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Racine, J. France Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Rács, V. Hungary Athletics 100 m. flat, relay race 400 m. Radcliffe-Nash, E. Great Britain Horse Riding comp. Military, Prize jumping, ind. Radmilovic, P. Swimming 100 m. free style, water polo. Radoczy, K. Hungary Athletics 800 m. flat. Radvany, Ö. Wrestling Light weight. Raita, A. A. Finland Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Rajala, A. Wrestling Middle weight R.

934 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Rames, B. Bohemia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Ramme, W. Germany Swimming 100 m. free style. Rammer, R. Austria Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Rapin, F.. France Athletics 100 m. flat Rasmussen, A. Denmark Walking race, Rasmussen, S. Cross-country race. Rasso, N. Russia Marathon race. Rath, E. Austria cross -country race. Rathmann, O. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Rau, R. Athletics 100 m. flat, 200 in. flat, relay race 400 m. Rauch, K. Austria 100 m. flat, 200 m. flat, relay race 400 m. Rauss, H. Wrestling Feather weight. Rayner, H. M. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, team épée. de Rechke, O. Russia Shooting b. c. e. Rechner, V. Bohemia Fencing Foils, ind. épée. Reese, H. H. Germany Football Refsum, T. Norway Shooting b. e. Regaud, A. France g. k. Regaud, J. f. Regnell, Elsa Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving, ladies. Regnell, Lisa High (plain) diving, ladies. Reichelt, R. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Reichenbach, K. Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Reid, J. Great Britain Shooting a. b. Reidpath, C. D. U. S. A. Athletics 200 m. flat, 400 m. flat, relay race I,600 m. Reilin, K. H. L. Finland Shooting q. Reilly, J. H. U. S. A. Swimming 100 in. free style, 400 Reimann, E. Russia Athletics Marathon race. Reimsfeld, E. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Reinholt, H. Norway Football Reinvald, J. F. Denmark Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Relssner, H. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Rémi, K.. Hungary Renz, E. U. S. A. Athletics Walking race. Réti, J. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Retschury, H. Austria Football Retzer, J:r, G. W. U. S. A. Wrestling Feather weight. Reuschle, J. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II, III. Révesz, B. Hungary Football Reynolds, J. J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Reyntiens, G. Belgium Horse Riding comp. Military, Prize jumping. ind. Rhys, N. R. Great Britain Wrestling Middle weight A. Rice, R. G. Athletics 100 m. flat, 200 m. flat.

935 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Richard, A. France Rowing Fours, inriggers. Richards, A. W. U. S. A. Athletics High jump. Richardson, L. South Africa 10,000 m. flat; cross -country race. Richardson, W. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Richter, E. Russia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Richter, K. W. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Richter, R. Bohemia Athletics Walking race. Riddy, C. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Rieder, J. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Rigal, G. France Swimming 100 m. free style; water polo. Rillon, R. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. de Rimscha, F. Russia Football Ripszam J:r, H. Hungary Athletics Walking race; Marathon race. Ritter, M. Germany Swimming 100 m. free style; 400 m. free style; team race 800 m. Robach R. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. von Rochow Germany Horse Riding comp. Military; prize riding. Rode, L. S. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Rodier, J. France Swimming Water Polo. Rodionow, A. Russia Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Rodzianko, A. Horse Riding comp. Prize jump., ind. & team. Roedder, H. U. S. A. Shooting k. m. Rolot, G. J. B. France Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat; relay race 400 m. Rom, F. Belgium Fencing Foils; team épée; ind. épée. Romander, N. Sweden Shooting c. Romano, G. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II; ind. comp. Roper-Barrett, H. Great Britain Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles; Mixed Doubles. Rose, R. W. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h; Putting the weight, b. h., r. & 1. h.; throwing the hammer. von Rosen, H. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, team. von Rosen, P. R. C. Fencing Ind. épée; team épée. Rosén, S. A. A, Gymnastics Team competition I. Rosenberg, F. Norway Shooting o. Rosenberg, Grete Germany Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies; team race 400 m., ladies. Rosenberger,J.M, U. S. A. Athletics 400 m. flat. Rosenblad, C. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize riding. Rosencrantz, F, Prize jumping, team. Rosenqvist, E. E. Finland Shooting p. q.

936 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Rosenswärd, H. Sweden Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Ross, C. M. Australasia Athletics 400 m. flat. Ross, G. J. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Ross-Boden, H. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. van Rossem, G. Holland Fencing Ind. épée, team épée; ind. sabre, team sabre. Rosty, P. Hungary Ind. épée. Rosvall, T. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers; fours, inriggers. Roth, H. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Rought, C. G. Great Britain Rowing Fours, outriggers. von Roummel, C. Russia Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Rovsing, L. Denmark Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Rucks, A. Russia Athletics 1,500 m. flat. Ruff, W. Great Britain Wrestling Light weight. Ruffel, C. H. Athletics 1,500 m. flat; 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat; cross-country race. Ruggero, F. Italy Marathon race. Rumbold, C. Hungary Football Runeborg, G. A. I. Sweden Swimming Water Polo. Runge, K. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Runström, A. W. Sweden Swimming High (plain) diving, spring-board diving. Rusten, A. Norway 200 m. breast stroke. Ryan, M. J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Ryberg, I. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Rydman, A. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Rydström, R. R. Sweden Wrestling Light weight. Ryrie, J. A Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers, Röhr, O. Germany Athletics High jump; Decathlon. Rönström, G. Sweden Decathlon. Röpnack, H. Germany Football

Saarela, U. E. M. Finland Wrestling Heavy weight. Saaristo, J. J. Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Saastamoinen, E. Gymnastics Team competition III. Sælen, F. Norway Sæther, Ole Shooting b. d. e. Sætherhaug, M. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Sæter, Olof Shooting d. e. Saintongey, R. P. France Rowing Fours, outriggers. Sakellaropoulos, H. P. Greece Athletics Marathon race. Sakiritch, G. Russia Fencing Ind. sabre, team sabre. Salila, J. K. Finland Wrestling Middle weight B. Salinas, S. R. Chili Athletics Walking race. Salm-Hoogstrae- ten, L. Austria Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Salmon, C. J. M. Belgium Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre.

937 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Salonen, J. A. Finland Wrestling Light weight. Salovaara, A. Gymnastics Team competition III. Salvi, P. Italy Team competition II. Sammallahti, H. Finland Team competition III. Samoilow, W. Russia Fencing Foils. Sanchez, R. A. Chili Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat. Sandberg, A. Sweden Wrestling Heavy weight. Sandberg, E. Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Sandberg, G. Football Sandberg, H. Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Sandelin, E. Finland 12-m. class. Sandelin, T. 6-m. class. Sanders, S. C. Great Britain Football Sandon, F. Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Sandor, J. Hungary Wrestling Light weight. Sandoz, E. France Shooting l. m. Santesson, S. Sweden Athletics Pole jump. von Sarbogard, G. M. Hungary Shooting a. b. c. e. Sardi, C. Italy Football de Sarnawsky, W. Russia Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, Sartori, A. France Shooting b. c. e. Sauer, A. E. U. S. A. Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, ind. sabre. Sauerhöfer, L. Germany Wrestling Light weight. Saunte, C. H. Denmark Horse Riding comp. Military; prize riding. Savniki, T. Hungary Athletics 1,500 m. flat. Savorini, L. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Sayre, R. H. U. S. A. Shooting k. l. m. Scalogne, D. Holland Fencing Ind. sabre; team sabre. Scarlatos, C. Greece Shooting j. k. l. m. Schachlitz, W. Austria Swimming Water Polo. von Schaesberg- Thannheim, R. Germany Horse Riding comp. Military. Scharer, F. Austria Wrestling Feather weight. Schartau, F. A. Sweden Shooting m. Schejbal, B. Bohemia Fencing Team sabre. Schenk, F. U. S. A. Ind. épée, team épée, Schenker, Z. Hungary Foils; ind. sabre; team sabre. de Schesterikoff, G. Russia Shooting j. k. m. Schiele, O. Germany Swimming 100 m. back stroke; 400 m. free style; 800 m. team race. Schirmer, Ö. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Schjöth, O. Rowing Fours, outriggers. Schlosser, I. Hungary Football Schmal J:r, A. Austria Shooting k. m. Schnitt, G. A. Finland n. o. Schomaker, J. Russia Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Schomburgk, H. Germany Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles; Mixed Doubles. Schrader, H. Germany Fencing Ind. épée.

938 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Schryver, F. Australasia Swimming 200 m. breast stroke; 400 m. breast stroke. Schuh, F. Austria 400 m. free style; 1,500 m. free style; water polo. Schultz, H. K. Denmark Shooting a. b. c. e. Schultze, E. Germany Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Schurrer, R. France Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Schutte, C. O. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Schwartz, S. Athletics Walking race. Schwarz, A. Russia High jump. Schwarz, F. Germany Fencing Ind. épée, team épée,; ind. sabre, team sabre. Schwarz, R. Russia Athletics 100 m. flat. Schwedrewitz, N. Throwing the javelin, b. h. Schybergson, L. Finland Football Schäfter, J. Austria Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h.; putting the weight, b. h.; De- cathlon. Schön, E. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre. Scott, H. L. U. S. A. Athletics 5,000 m. flat; 10,000 m. flat; team race 3,000 m.; cross-country race. Scott, H. S. L. Great Britain Horse Riding comp. Military; prize jumping, ind. Scott, W., U. S. A. Athletics 10,000 m. flat; cross -country race. Sears, H. E. Shooting j. k. m. Sebek, J. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Sebestyén, B. Hungary Football Sedgewick, J. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Seebass, A. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Seedhouse, C. N. Great Britain Athletics 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Ségura, L. France Gymnastics Ind. competition. Seidelin-Nielsen, I. L. Denmark Football Seigner France Horse Riding comp. Military; prize riding; prize jumping, team. Selenius, G.. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Seligman, E. Great Britain Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Selikhoff, A. Russia Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. & team. Setterberg, C. L.. Sweden Fencing Foils. Setterwall, G. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered & out-of- Gentlemen’s Doubles; door courts) Mixed Doubles. Sewell, J. Great Britain Athletics Tug-of-War.

939 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Seweroff, A. Russia Wrestling Middle weight A. Sharpe, I. G. Great Britain Football Sheff-Sochaczew- ski, O. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Shepherd, J. Great Britain Athletics Tug-of-War. Sheppard, M. W. U. S. A. 400 m. flat; 800 m. flat; 1,500 m. flat; relay race 1,600 m. Sherman, B. F. Athletics Throwing the hammer. von Siengalewicz Z. Austria Swimming 400 m. breast stroke. von Siegel, E. Germany Athletics 1,500 m. flat; team race 3000 m. Siikaniemi, W. Finland Throwing the javelin, b. h,, r. & l. h. Silén, J. Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Silfverskiöld, N. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Silfverstolpe, L. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered courts) Silfverstrand, C. Gymnastics Team competition I. Simmons, C. Great Britain Team competition II; ind. comp. Simon, L. Luxemburg Team competition II; team competition III. Simonsen, A. G. Norway Athletics Marathon race. Simonsen, M. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers; Single Sculls. Sinclair, A. Canada Eights, outriggers. Sint, J. Holland Wrestling Middle weight A. Sirola, H. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Sivertsen, S. Norway Sjursen, R. Sjöberg, G. G. Sweden Swimming Plain and variety diving. Sjöberg, R. Athletics High jump; pole jump. Sjöqvist, F. H. Yacht Racing 8-m. class. Sjöqvist, J. A. Skatteboe, G. G. Norway Shooting b. d. e. Skilton, E. Great Britain a. b. Skjerven, H. N. Norway c. Skog, N. J. Sweden e. Skogen, E. E. Norway c. e. Skou, P. Football de Skrotsky, B. Russia Shooting p. q. r. Slavik, F. Bohemia Athletics Marathon race. Sluis, J. van der Holland Football Smebye, S. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Smedberg, S. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Smedmark, R. Sweden Athletics 100 m. flat, 200 m. flat; high jump. Smiel, H. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Smirnoff, L. Russia Football Smirnoff, M. Smith, A. A. South Africa Shooting a. c. d. e. Smith, C. S. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Smith, H. J. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race.

940 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Smith, M. O. Denmark Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Smith, T. Norway Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Sockalexis, A. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Soinio, E. A. Finland Football Soinio, K. E. Sokoloff, P. P. Russia Solberg, O. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers; fours, in riggers. Soldatencow, A. Russia Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Solymar, K. Hungary Athletics Hurdle race. Somers, J. P. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Sommerfeldt, E. Norway Rowing Eights, outriggers. Somogzi, R. Hungary Wrestling Middle weight A. Sonne, H. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Sorge, E. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Sotaaen, H. Norway Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Soumarokoff- Elston, M. Russia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Sourek, J. Bohemia Rowing Single Sculls. Southern, A. G. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Soutter, J. T. Athletics 400 m. flat; 800 m. flat; relay race I,600 m. Sparre, P. L. Sweden Fencing Ind. épée, team épée, Speciale, P. Italy Foils, team sabre. Speirs, Annie Great Britain Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies; 400 m. team race, ladies. Sperling, A. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Speroni, C. Italy Athletics Marathon race. Spies, R. C. Germany Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Spotts, R. L. U. S. A. Shooting n. o. Sprout, W. A. a. b. c. e. f. g. h. i. Staats, A. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Stabell, A. Norway Shooting o. Stahnke, M. Germany Rowing Single Sculls. Staib, F. Norway Yacht Racing 12-m. class. Stamper, H. Great Britain Football Steer, Irene Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies; 400 m. team race, ladies. Stefenson, J. H. Sweden High (plain) diving; plain and variety diving. Steffan, M. M. Germany Fencing Ind. sabre. Stein, C. Wrestling Feather weight. Steinback, E. Austria Shooting p. q. Steinert, J. U. S. A. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Stenborg, K. Sweden Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat; 400 m. flat.

941 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Stenbäck, R. Finland Yacht Racing 6-m. class. Stenroos, A. Athletics 10,000 m. flat; team race 3,000 m.; cross-country race. Stejskal, J. Austria Wrestling Light weight. Steputat, W. Germany Middle weight A. Stevenson, D. M. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Stevenson, J. Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Stewart, C. E. Shooting j. k. l. Stewart, W. A. Australasia Athletics 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Stibolt, N. Norway Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Sticker, L.. Austria Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies. de Stieglitz, P. Russia Athletics 100 m. flat. Stiemspetz, G. E. Sweden Shooting k. Stiemspetz, Y. Gymnastics Team competition I. Stindt, Hermine Germany Swimming 100 m. free style, ladies; 400 m. team race, ladies. Stokes, A. J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Stradi, P. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Fencing Team sabre. Stranne, J. S. Sweden Modern Pentathlon Strauch Russia Yacht Racing 10-m. class. Strid, K. Sweden Athletics Tug-of-War. Stridfeldt, P. A. Shooting c. Strobino, G. U. S. A. Athletics Marathon race. Stromp, A. Portugal 100 m. flat; 200 m. flat. Ström, E. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. af Ström, O. Sweden Horse Riding comp. Prize riding, Studnicka, J. Austria Football Styles, W. K. Great Britain Shooting g. h. i. Stöhr, G. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. sabre. Sund, C. J. Sweden Shooting b. Sunde, A. T. Norway a. b. c. e. g. Sundholm, K. Sweden Rowing Fours, outriggers. Sundman, G. I. Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Sundqvist. J. Athletics Cross-country race. Suni, L. O. Finland Swimming High (plain) diving: plain and variety diving. Suomela, K. U. Gymnastics Team competition III. Sustera, M. Bohemia Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h. Suttner, A. Austria Fencing Foils, ind. épée; team sabre. Swahn, A. Sweden Shooting n. o. p. q. r. Swahn, O. G. o. p. q. r. Swann, S. E. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Swatosh, J. Austria Football Svendel, A. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Svendsen, C. V. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition III. Svendsen, H. Swimming 100 m. back stroke. Svensson, C. E. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Svensson, C.O.H. Football Svensson, G. Wrestling Light weight.

942 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Svensson, H. Sweden Athletics Pole jump. Svensson, H. Football Svensson, I. S. Svensson, K. J. Gymnastics Team competition I. Svorcik, O. Bohemia Fencing Team sabre. Syrjäläinen, M. A. Finland Football Syson, A. E. Great Britain Fencing Ind. sabre. Syttine, L. Russia Shooting o. Szalai, P. Hungary Athletics m. flat; broad jump; relay race m. Szalay, J. Gymnastics Ind. competition. Szantho, A. Wrestling Light weight. Szebeny, A. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Szebeny, G. Szebeny, N. Szebeny, S. Szentgrothy, L. Swimming m. back stroke. Szerelemhegyi,E. Athletics m. flat; m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Szobota, F. m. flat; relay race m. Szoszki, A. Wrestling Feather weight. Szury, K. Football Szüts, F. Gymnastics Team competition II. Sällström, R. H. Sweden Yacht Racing -m. class. Sökjer-Petersen, E. Shooting q. r. Sörensen, A. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Sörensen, E. F. Sweden Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Sörensson, J. Gymnastics Team competition I. Sörvik, L. Rowing Eights, outriggers.

Taber, N. S. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat. Taipale, A. R. Finland Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h. Tait, J. L. Canada m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Tallberg, B. Finland Yacht Racing -m. class. Tallberg, G. Tamm, S. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. Tamminen, A. F. Finland Gymnastics Ind. competition. von Tangen, G. Norway Fencing Foils, team épée, ind épée, Tanner, L. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Tanner, L. A. Football Tanttu, A. R. Wrestling Light weight. Tapscott, L. E. South Africa Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (out-of-door courts) Tartakover, T. Australasia Swimming m. free style; m. free style. Tauson, H. C. Denmark Shooting e. Taylor, A. W. Great Britain Wrestling Feather weight. Taylor, G. B. Canada Rowing Eights, outriggers. Taylor, H. Great Britain Swimming m. free style; m. free style; m. team race. Tekusch, F. Austria Football

943 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Tekusch, H. Austria Football Teppert, K. Hungary Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Terawain, H. Russia Football Ternström, J. Sweden Athletics Cross-country race. Tery, O. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Tewanima, L. U. S. A. Athletics flat; Marathon race. Texier, R. France Shooting n. o. Thau, M. H. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Thaulow, G. Norway Yacht Racing -m. class. Thayssen, A. Denmark Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Theander, B. D. Sweden Swimming m. free style. Cycling Cycling road race round Theiszenberger, I. Hungary Lake Mälar. Theophilakis, A. Greece Shooting a. b. c. j. k. m. Theophilakis, J. a. b.c. f.g.h.i.j.k.l.m.q. Theophilas, J. a. b. c. f. g. h. i. Thiel, A. Sweden Yacht Racing m. class. Thiel, O. Germany Football Thielemann, L. Norway Shooting b. c. Thomas, R. B. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat. Thomaturge, L. France Rowing Fours, outriggers. Thommes, J. P. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III; ind. comp. Thompson, R. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Thomsen, S. B. Denmark Yacht Racing -m. class. Thomson, H. Germany Fencing Ind. épée; ind. sabre, Thomson, J. Foils. Thorborg, S. F. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Thorpe, J. U. S. A. Athletics High jump; broad jump; Pentathlon; Decathlon. Thorstensen, M. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Thubé, A. France Yacht Racing -m. class. Thubé, G. Thubé, J. Thufason, A. M. Denmark Football Thulin, Vera Sweden Swimming m. free style, ladies; high (plain) diving, ladies. Thymann, P. Denmark Rowing Fours, outriggers. Tickell, E. J. Great Britain Shooting k. Tiiri, W. E. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. de Tillo, A. Russia Shooting a. b. c. d. e. Tilkanen, W. O. Finland Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Timofeew, A. Russia Fencing Ind. sabre; team sabre. Tintera, V.. Bohemia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Tirkkonen, T. A. Finland Wrestling Middle weight A. Tirkkonen, P. E. Light weight. Tison, A. France Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h.; putting the weight, h. h.

944 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Titt, W. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Tjäder, E. Sweden Swimming Spring-board diving. Toivonen, N. Finland Shooting e. p. q. Tom, L. Belgium Fencing Team sabre. Tomaschevitsch, D. Servia Athletics Marathon race. Tomaselli, A. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Tonini, A. Athletics High jump; broad jump. Torell, E. K. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Torén, C. A. O. Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Torkilsen, T. Norway Gymnastics Team competition I. Torres, M. France Ind. competition. Torres, P. J. Chili Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Torstensen, G. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Torstensen J:r, T. Toth, P. Hungary Fencing Foils, ind. sabre, team sabre. Toth, S. Football Totuschek, A. Austria Wrestling Middle weight A. Townsend, A. Great Britain Athletics Marathon race. Trampler, R. Austria Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team sabre. de Trannoy, G. Belgium Horse Riding comp. Military, prize riding; prize jumping, team. Treble, A. L. Great Britain Athletics 5,000 m. flat. Trestler, J. Austria Wrestling Middle weight B. Triantaphillacos, D. Greece Athletics 100 m. flat. Triantaphillacos, T. Fencing Ind. épée, team épée. Tronner, H. Austria Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h. Tsiclitiras, C. Greece High jump; broad jump. Tucek, J. Bohemia Fencing Foils, ind. épée. Tuiskunen, H. H. Finland Shooting d. e. q. Tuli, G. Hungary Gymnastics Team competition II. Tunesi, A. Italy Team competition II; ind. competition. Tvedt, N. Norway Swimming High (plain) diving. Tvorsky, W. Bohemia Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Tonsager, E. Norway Rowing Fours, outriggers. Tonsager, H. Tommarck, C. I. Sweden Shooting k. m. Törnqvist, K. Football Törnros, G. Athletics Marathon race.

Uggla, B. Pole jump. Ugi, C. Germany Football Uhle, H. K. af Uhr, P. Sweden Athletics High jump. Ujlaky, R. Hungary Throwing the discus, b. h., r. & l. h. Upmal, A. Russia Marathon race. Urvikko, V. Finland Wrestling Light weight. Ussing, J. B. Denmark Modern Pentathlon 60 Fifth Olympiad. 945 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Vadgaard, K. M. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Vadon, G. Hungary Athletics Hop, step and jump. Valentin, G. France Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Valle, M. Italy Football Vanlaere, G. France Swimming Water Polo. Varga, B. Hungary Wrestling Middle weight B. Varley, F. E. Great Britain Shooting b. c. Vasko, K. Hungary Rowing Eights, outriggers. Vauhkonen, V. Finland Shooting d. e. Vavra; Z. Bohemia Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Veirman, P. Belgium Rowing Single Sculls. Velez, R. Hungary Shooting a. b. c. e. Verderber, R. Austria Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team sabre. Vernon, K. Great Britain Rowing Fours, outriggers. Versis Greece Fencing Team épée, ind. épée. Vetter, M. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Victal, J. Portugal Wrestling Middle weight A. Victor, J. A. South Africa Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Vietz, G. Germany m. flat; m. flat; team race m.; cross-country race. Vighals, P. Norway Shooting b. Vigurs, C. A. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Villemoes, P. Denmark Team competition I. Vinne, E. Norway Athletics Hop, step and jump. Visser, G. Belgium Rowing Fours, outriggers. Voeilmeke, A. U. S. A. Athletics Walking race. Vokoun, L. Bohemia Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Vos, J. Holland Football Voss, N. Norway Gymnastics Team competition III. Vygoda, B. Bohemia Athletics m. flat. Väänänen, T. Finland Shooting p. q. Wacha, A. Austria Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Wachtmeister, S. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers. van Waes, E. Belgium Fours, outriggers. Wagner, F. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Wagner, J. Switzerland Athletics Pentathlon. Wagner, J. Austria Swimming Water Polo. Wahl, H. Finland Yacht Racing -m. class. Wahlstedt, A. J. Sweden Shooting g. i. Waitzer, J. Germany Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h.; Pentathlon. de Waldaine, P. Russia Shooting a. b. c. d. e. Walden, H. A. Great Britain Football Waley, R. G. K. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Walker, J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Walker, J. D. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Walker, M. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. 946 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Walker, S. J. Great Britain Gymnastics Team competition II. Wallach, G. S. Athletics m. flat; cross -country race. Wallenberg, V. Sweden Shooting n. o. Wallenborg, C. b. c. Waller, E. Yacht Racing -m. class. Wallerius, E. Wallerius, H. Wallin, B. Swimming Water Polo. Walsh, M. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race’ round Lake Mälar. Wandolleck, B. Germany Shooting l. Wannag, E. Russia Athletics Throwing the discus, b.h.; putting the weight, b.h. Ward, H. K. Australasia Rowing Eights, outriggers. Wardener, I. Hungary Athletics High jump. Warsow, G. Germany Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Wasama, K. J. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Wastl, J. Austria Swimming m. breast stroke; m. breast stroke. Watercampf, C. Russia Fencing Ind. sabre. Watson, G. Canada Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Webb, E. J. Great Britain Athletics Walking race. Weber, A. Germany Football Weber, F. Austria Webster, G. H. Great Britain Swimming m. back stroke. Wedholm, J. E. Sweden m. free style; m. free style. Wegele, K. Germany Football Wegener, A. Rowing Eights, outriggers. Wehrer, A. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III; ind. competition. Weinacht, L. Germany Rowing Eights, outriggers. Weinzinger, F. Austria Athletics m. flat; relay race m. Wells, H. B. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Wells, J, A. Athletics m. flat; m. flat. Welz, E. Germany Throwing the discus, b. h. Wendelin, S. Hungary Swimming m. back stroke. Wendell, J. U. S. A. Athletics Hurdle race. Wenk, J. Hungary Swimming m. back stroke; water polo. Wennergren, C. Sweden Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (covered & out-of- Gentlemen’s Doubles. door courts) Wennerholm, O. Gymnastics Team competition I. Wens, G. Belgium Athletics m. flat. Wenseler, H. Germany m. flat; m. flat. Werkner, L. Hungary Fencing Team sabre, ind. sabre. Werner, A. F. A. Germany Football Werner, H. Sweden Fencing Ind. sabre, team sabre. Werner, H. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Wersäll, C. A. Sweden Team competition I. 947 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Wersäll, E. G. Sweden Modern Pentathlon Westberg, J. Athletics Marathon race. Westerlund, E. Finland Wrestling Middle weight A. Westermark, H. Sweden Yacht Racing -m. class. Westermark, N. Westling, K. Finland Wetter, H. M. Norway Swimming m. free style. Wetterstrand, E. Sweden Rowing Fours, outriggers. Weydahl, C. Norway Shooting c. de Weysse, D. Russia a. b. c. e. Wetzell, O. W. Finland Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving, spring-board diving. Whelan, G. South Africa Shooting c. d. e. Whitaker, G. Great Britain n. o. Whitaker, J. Gymnastics Team competition II; ind. competition. White, I. M. Swimming High (plain) diving, ladies. Whitney, L. A. U. S. A. Athletics Throwing the discus, b. h.; putting the weight, b. h., r. & l. h. Wiberg, B. A. R. Finland Football Wickholm, W. Athletics Hurdle race; Decathlon. Wicksell, R. Sweden Football Wickström, A. R. Finland Wide, E. Sweden Athletics m. flat; team race m. Wideröe-Aas, M. Norway Football Wieslander, H. Sweden Athletics Pentathlon; Decathlon. Wiggins, A. F. R. Great Britain Rowing Eights, outriggers. Wijnveldt, D. Holland Football Wikke, F. B. Denmark Athletics Pole jump. Wiklund, O. Finland Wrestling Middle weight B. Wikoff, G. M. U. S. A. Athletics m. flat. Wikström, O. A. Sweden Shooting e. Wikström, V. V. Finland Wrestling Feather weight. Wilding, A. F. Australasia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles. (covered courts) Wilhelmsohn, L. Russia Athletics m. flat. Wiljamaa, K. A. Finland Wrestling Heavy weight. Wilkens, W. Sweden Rowing Eights, outriggers; fours, inriggers. Wilker, H. Germany Fours, outriggers. Wilkinson, G. Great Britain Swimming Water Polo. Wilkman, O. Russia Modern Pentathlon Willems, G. Belgium Rowing Fours, outriggers. Willems, V. Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Willführ, P. Germany Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h.; throwing the discus, b. h.; putting the weight, b. h. Wilson, C. P. U. S. A. m. flat; m. flat; relay race m. Wilson, J. Great Britain Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. 948 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition

Wiman, D. L. Sweden Gymnastics Team competition I. Winans, W. U. S. A. Shooting k. l. m. p. q. r. Winslow, C. South Africa Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Winther, J. L. Denmark Gymnastics Team competition I. Wirtz, F. Luxemburg Team competition II; team competition III. de Wischniakoff, G. Russia Shooting b. c. Withol, R. Athletics m. flat. Wlassenko, W. Football de Wolf, N. Holland Wolfhagen, V. Denmark Wollert, C. Sweden Shooting n. o. Woodward, V. J. Great Britain Football Wooijeward, H. Holland Fencing Ind. épée, team sabre. Worm, E. Germany Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Woronkoff, N. Russia Swimming m. free style. Worpitzkij, W. Germany Football Worthington, H. T. U. S. A. Athletics Broad jump. de Woyloschni- koff, P. Russia Shooting j. k. l. m. Wright, E. G. D. Great Britain Football Wright, M. S. U. S. A. Athletics Pole jump. Wyolio, Y. W. Finland Gymnastics Ind. competition. Wyuts, J. Belgium Swimming m. free style. Wylie, W. Australasia m. free style, ladies. Wähämäki, K. Finland Gymnastics Team competition III. Wäre, E. E. Wrestling Light weight. Wäre, F. A. J. Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar.

Yakowleff, M. W. Russia Football Yanez, E. Chili Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Yates, W. G. Great Britain Athletics Walking race. Yorke, R. F. C. m. flat; m. flat. Young, D. B. U. S. A. m. flat; m. flat. Yvon, G. Great Britain Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving.

Zabeline, T. Russia Gymnastics Ind. competition. Zachar, E. Hungary Swimming Water Polo; m. team race. Zacharoff, J. Russia Athletics m. flat. Zagorsky, S. Horse Riding comp. Prize jumping, ind. Zahourek, B. Austria Swimming m. free style, ladies; m. team race, ladies. Zampori, G. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II; ind. competition. Zander, J. Sweden Athletics m. flat; team race m. Zannolini, U. Italy Gymnastics Team competition II. Zborzil, A. Austria Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. 949 Name Nation Branch of Athletics Competition von Zedlitz und Leipe Germany Shooting n. o. Zeilau, T. C. Denmark Modem Pentathlon Zeman, J. Bohemia Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Zemla, L. Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Zerling, P. Sweden Athletics m. flat, relay race m. Ziegler, H. Germany Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée. Zilker, J. Austria Cycling Cycling road race round Lake Mälar. Zimmerman, R. M. Canada Swimming Spring-board diving. Zouang, J. Luxemburg Gymnastics Team competition II; team competition III. Zorzi, A. Italy Team competition II. Zsigmondy, E. Hungary Lawn Tennis Gentlemen’s Singles; (out-of-door courts) Gentlemen’s Doubles. Zuffi, E. Italy Football Zulawsky, B. Hungary Fencing Foils, ind sabre. Zürner, A. Germany Swimming High (plain) diving, plain and variety diving, spring-board diving.

Åberg, A. Sweden Athletics Throwing the hammer. Åberg, G. Broad jump, hop, step and jump. Åberg, K. K. Finland Wrestling Middle weight A. Åbrink, R. Sweden Athletics Throwing the javelin, b. h., r. & l. h. Åkesson, B. V. Wrestling Feather weight. Åsbrink, K. G. Modern Pentathlon

Öberg, A. Athletics m. flat. Öberg, E. Wrestling Feather weight. Öhman, J. Finland Football Örtegren, R. Sweden Shooting b. f. g. Östenson, Ö. Norway d. e. Östrup, L. C. Denmark Fencing Foils, ind. épée, team épée, team sabre.

950 LIST OF THE LEADING ATHLETIC AND OTHER SPORTING ORGANIZATIONS REPRESENTED AT THE GAMES OF STOCKHOLM.

Name Address Nation

ATHLETICS. The Amateur Athletic Union of N. S. Wales Sports Club Australasia. Australasia. L:td, , Hunter Street, Sydney. New South Wales Amateur Athletic Box G. P. O., Sydney, Association. Victorian Amateur Athletic Asso- Amateur Sports Club, Collins ciation. Street, Melbourne, Vic. New Zealand Amateur Athletic Christchurch, New Zealand. Association. Tasmanian Amateur Athletic Asso- A. M. P. Society, Hobart, ciation. Tasmania. Österreichischer Leichtathletik Ver- , Hardtgasse, Austria. band. Vienna XIX. Ligue Belge d’Athlétisme. , Rue Lesbroussart, Belgium. Brussels. Ceská Athletická Amatérská Unie. , Panska Ulice, Prague II. Bohemia. Amateur Athletic Union of Canada. College Street, Toronto, Canada. Ontario. Federation Sportiva Nacional Chile. , Amunatégui, Santiago. Chili. Dansk Athletik-Forbund. , C. F. Gardes Allé, Denmark. Hellerup. Finlands Gymnastik- och Idrotts- , Köpmangatan, Finland. förbund. Helsingfors. Union des Sociétés Françaises de , Rue de Provence, Paris. France. Sports Athlétiques. Deutsche Sportbehörde für Athletik. , I, Ziegelstrasse, Germany. Berlin N Amateur Athletic Association. , John Street. Adelphi, Great Britain. London W. C. Union de Sociétés Helleniques , Rue de l’Université. Greece. d’Athlétisme et de Gymnastique. Athens. Nederlandsche Athletiek Unie. d, Kalfjeslaan, Holland. Amsterdam. Magyar Athletikai Szövetség. Centralstadthaus, Hungary. Buda-Pesth. Federazione Italiana Degli Sports Rome. Italy. Athletica. Fédération des Societes Luxem- Luxemburg. Luxemburg. bourgeoises de Sports Athlétiques. Norges Turn- og Idrætsforbund. S:t Olavsgate, Norway. Christiania. Sporting Club Portugal. Alameda do Lumiar, Portugal. Lisbon. Russischer Landesverband für leicht- , Alexandroffsky Prosp., Russia. Athletik. S:t Petersburg. Serbischer Leichtathletischer Ver- , Rue Svetogorska, Servia. band. Belgrade. 951 Name Address Nation

South African Amateur Athletic P. O. Box , South Africa. and Cycling Association. Johannesburg. Svenska Idrottsförbundet. , Drottninggatan, Sweden. Gothenburg. Amateur Athletic Union of the United , Warren Street, U. S. A. States. New York.

CYCLING. Österreichischer Radsport-Aus- Rennweg, Vienna III. Austria. schuss. Comité Sportif de la Ligue Vélo- , Avenue du Sud, Belgium. cipédique Belge. Antwerp. Ceská Ustredni Jednota Velocipe- Smichov, Prague. Bohemia. distu. Canadian Wheelsmen’s Association. , Rusholme Road, Canada. Toronto, Ontario. Dansk Cycle Union for Landevejs- , Jagtvejen, Copenhagen. Denmark. sport. Union Vélocipédique de France. , Boulevard Poissonnière, France. Paris. Deutscher Radfahrer Bund. Nürnbergerstrasse, Germany. Berlin. National Cyclists Union. Lonsdale Chambers, Chan- Great Britain. cery Lane, London E. C. Magyar Kerékpáros Szövetség. /b. sz. Lónyay-u. Hungary. Buda-Pesth IX. Norges Cykleforbund. Nitedal pr. Christiania. Norway. Union Vélocipédique Russe. Sadowaia, Russia. S:t Petersburg. South African Amateur Athletic P. O. Box , South Africa. and Cycling Association. Johannesburg. Svenska Velocipedförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden. National Cycling Union. West nd Street, U. S. A. New York.

FENCING. Österreichischer Fechterbund. , Hintere Zollamtstrasse, Austria. Vienna III. Fédération des Cercles d’Escrime , Rue Neuve S:t Pierre, Belgium. de Belgique. Ghent. Cesky Sermirsky Comitét. Prague. Bohemia. Dansk Fœgte Forbund. , Herluf Trollesgade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Deutscher Fechterbund. Offenbach a/M. Germany. Amateur Fencing Association. , Old Square, Lincoln’s Great Britain. Inn, London W. C. Nederlandsche Amateur Scherm- , Jansdam, Utreeht. Holland. bond. Federazione Italiana di Scherma. , Via Marsala, Rome. Italy. Norges Fegteforbund. Stendal pr. Christiania. Norway. 952 Name Address Nation

Centro Nacional de Esgrima. Salao de S. Carlos, Largo Portugal. do Picadeiro, Lisbon. South African Fencing Association. Govt. Laboratories, South Africa. Johannesburg. Svenska Fäktförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden. Amateur Fencers’ League of Ame- , Broadway, New York. U. S. A. rica.

FOOTBALL.

Österreichischer Fussball Verband. , Franzensbrückenstr., Austria. Vienna. Dansk Boldspil Union. , Reventlowsgade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Finska Bollförbundet. , Kaserngatan, Finland. Helsingfors. Deutscher Fussball Bund. , Neuer Graben, Germany. Dortmund. Football Association. , Russel Square, Great Britain. London W. C. Nederlandsche Voetbal Bond. , van Boetzelaerlaan, Holland. The Hague. Magyar Labdarugók Szövetség. , Akademia utca, Hungary. Buda-Pesth. Federazione Italiano Giuoco del , Corso Principe Oddone, Italy. Calcio. Turin. Norges Fotballforbund. Sofienlund, Sköien, pr Norway. Christiania. Union Russe de Football Asso- , Alexandroffsky Prosp., Russia. ciation. S:t Petersburg. Svenska Fotbollförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden.

GYMNASTICS.

Dansk Gymnastik Forbund. , Österbrogade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Finlands Gymnastik- och Idrotts- , Köpmangatan, Finland. förbund. Helsingfors. Union des Sociétés de Gymna- , Rue Reigner, Bordeaux. France. stique de France. Amateur Gymnastic Association. Hopeville», Lebanon Road, Great Britain. E. Croydon. Magyarországi Tesdezö Egyesületek Albrecht ut., Buda-Pesth. Hungary. Szövetége. Federazione Ginnastica Nazionale , Via delle Muratte, Rome. Italy. Italiana. Union des Sociétés Luxembour- Roodt. Luxemburg. geoises de Gymnastique. Norges Turn- og Idrætsforbund. , S:t Olavsgate, Norway. Christiania.

953 Name Address Nation

Union des Sociétés de Gymna- , Newski, S:t Petersburg. Russia. stique. Svenska Gymnastikförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden.

LAWN TENNIS. Lawn Tennis Association of Austral- Sydney, N. S. W. Australasia. asia. Österreichischer Lawn Tennis Ver- , Prinzen Allee, Austria. band. Vienna Ceská Lawn Tennisová Associace. , Václavské, Prague. Bohemia. Dansk Boldspil Union. , Reventlowsgade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Deutscher Lawn Tennis Bund. , Kaiserdamm, Berlin. Germany. Lawn Tennis Association. Queen Victoria Street, Great Britain. London E. C. Nederlandsche Lawn Tennis Bond. , Mauritskade, The Hague. Holland. Magyar Országos Lawn Tennis Margitszigeti-Sporttelep, Hungary. Szövetség. Buda-Pesth III. Norges Lawn Tennisforbund. , Oscarsgate, Norway. Christiania. Union Russe de Lawn Tennis. , Alexander Prosp., Russia. S:t Petersburg. South African Lawn Tennis Union. P. O. Box , South Africa. Johannesburg. Svenska Lawn Tennisförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden. United States National Lawn Tennis New York, N. Y. U. S. A. Association.

ROWING. New South Wales Rowing Asso- Sports Club, Hunter Street, Australasia. ciation. Sydney. Victorian Rowing Association. Melbourne, Victoria. Österreichischer Ruderverband. , Annagasse, Vienna I. Austria. Fédération Belge des Sociétés , Rue du Magistrat, Belgium. d’Aviron. Brussels. Cesky Veslarsky Svaz. c/o Zelenka & Zimmer, Bohemia. Hubernská ul., Prague. Canadian Association of Amateur , Melinda Street, Canada. Oarsmen. Toronto, Ontario. Dansk Forening for Rosport. , Christian den IX Gade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Finska Roddförbundet. , Kyrkogatan, Helsingfors. Finland. Fédération Française des Sociétés , Boulevard Lannes, France. d’Aviron. Paris. Deutscher Ruder Verband. , Dovenhof, Hamburg. Germany. Amateur Rowing Association. , Whitehall Court, Great Britain. London S. W. 954 Name Address Nation

Magyar Evezös-egyletek Országos Margitszigeti-Sporttelep, Hungary. Szövetsége. Buda-Pesth III. Norges Roforbund. c/o Consul Wettre, Norway. Christiania. Fédération Russe des Sociétés I , Alexander Prosp., Russia. d’Aviron. S:t Petersburg. Svenska Roddförbundet. Malmö. Sweden.

SHOOTING. Österreichischer Schützenbund. , Hörlgasse, Vienna IX. Austria. Dominion of Canada Trap Shooting Ottawa, Ontario. Canada. Association. Danske Skytters Private Forening , Jesper Brockmandsgade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Finska Jaktföreningen. , Gengatan, Helsingfors. Finland. Union des Sociétés de Tir de , Rue de Provence, Paris. France. France. Saint Hubert Club de France. , Rue de Clichy, Paris. National Rifle Association. Bisley Camp, Brookwood, Great Britain. Surrey. Clay Bird Shooting Association. , Aldersgate St., London E. C. Koninklijke Nederlandsche Jacht- Haarlem. Holland. vereeniging Nimrod. Det Frivillige Skyttevæsen. , Storgate, Christiania. Norway. Transvaal Rifle Association. Drill Hall, Johannesburg . South Africa. Natal Rifle Association. Durban, Natal. Skytteförbundens Öfverstyrelse. , Hamngatan, Stockholm. Sweden. Svenska Jägarförbundet. Stockholm. National Rifle Association of Ame- , Woodward Building, U. S. A. rica. Washington. United States Revolver Association. c/o Dr. Reginald H. Sayre, New York.

SWIMMING. New South Wales Amateur Swim- Sydney, N. S. W. Australasia. ming Association. New Zealand Amateur Swimming P. O. Box , Association. Christchurch, New Zealand. Verband der Österreichischen , Himmelpfortgasse, Austria. Schwimmvereine. Vienna I. Fédération Belge des Sociétés de , Chaussée de Ninove, Belgium. Natation. Brussels. Canadian Amateur Swimming Asso- c/o A. Murray Hannah, Canada. ciation. Montreal, P. Q. Dansk Svømme- & Livrednings- , Vester Voldgade, Denmark. Forbund. Copenhagen. Finska Simförbundet. , Lilla Robertsgatan, Finland. Helsingfors. 955 Name Address Nation

Union des Sociétés Françaises de , Rue de Provence, France. Sports Athlétiques. Paris. Deutscher Schwimmverband. , Mühlenstrasse, Berlin. Germany. Amateur Swimming Association. , Cautley Avenue, Clapham Great Britain. Common, London S. W. Magyar Uszó Szövetség. Központi Müegyetem, Hungary. Buda-Pesth I. Federazione Italiana di Nuoto. , Via Vittorio Emanuele, Italy. Florence. Norges Svömmerforbund. Bergen. Norway. South African Swimming Union. P. O. Box , Durban, South Africa. Natal. Svenska Simförbundet. Stockholm. Sweden. Amateur Athletic Union. , Warren Street, U. S. A. New York.

WRESTLING. Österreichischer Athleten-Union. , Auerspergstrasse, Austria. Vienna VIII. Cesky Ustredni Svaz Tezkoathle- Prague. Bohemia. ticky. Dansk Athlet Union. , Rörholmsgade, Denmark. Copenhagen. Finlands Gymnastik- och Idrotts- , Köpmangatan, Finland. förbund. Helsingfors. Fédération Française de Boxe et , Boulevard Poissonnière, France. de Lutte. Paris. Deutscher Reichsverband für , Rotebühl, Stuttgart. Germany. Schwerathletik. National Amateur Wrestling Asso- , Oakley Road, Southgate Great Britain. ciation. Road, London N. Nederlandsche Krachtsport Bond. , E Atjehstraat, Holland. Amsterdam. Magyar Athletikai Szövetség. Centralstadthaus, Buda-Pesth. Hungary. Federazione Atletica Italiana. Rome. Italy. Norges Turn- og Idrætsforbund. , St. Olavsgate, Norway. Christiania. Svenska Atletikförbundet. Malmö. Sweden. Amateur Athletic Union. , Warren Street, U. S. A. New York.

956 LIST OF THE FOREIGN OFFICIAL REPRESENTATIVES AND FUNCTIONARIES AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES OF STOCKHOLM.

AUSTRALASIA.

Alexander, W. B. Leader of Athletic Team. Cnnningham, C. S Leader of Rowing Team. Deloitte, Q. L. Member of International Jury for Rowing. Helsham, C. H. Leader of Rowing Team. Hill, A. C. W. Secretary of Australasian Olympic Committee. Leader of Swimming Team. Horniman, V. President of Australasian Olympic Delegation. Manager of Australasian Teams. Marks, E. S. Member of International Jury for Swimming. Middleton, W. J. Leader of Rowing Team. Thomson, A. Leader of Rowing Team. Verge, C. A. Medical Attendant. Watson, Alex. Leader of Swimming Team.

AUSTRIA.

Abeles, Ignaz, D:r Leader of Football Team. Bauer, Henry Leader of the Athletic and Wrestling Teams. Count von Colloredo- Mannsfeld, R. Member of International Olympic Com. Deutsch, Robert Leader of Athletic Team. Elbogen, H. Leader of Shooting Team. Graf, Felix Member of International Jury for Swimming. Leader of Swimming Team. Hecht, Hugo, M. D. Medical Attendant. Herschmann, Otto, D:r President of Austrian Olympic Com. Member of International Juries for Wrestling, Fencing and Modern Pentathlon. Manager of Austrian Teams. Kestler, Karl Leader of Football Team. Markones, F. X. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Leader of Wrestling Team. D:r Mayer Leader of Swimming Team. Meisl, Hugo Leader of Football Team. Pfeiffer, Hans Leader of Athletic Team. Schönecker, E. Leader of Athletic Team.

957 Major H. Tenner Leader of Fencing Team. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Wels, C. A. Vice-President of Austrian Olympic Com. Manager of the Austrian Teams. Prince Otto zu Windisch- Graetz Member of International Olympic Com. Wraschtil, Herman Leader of Athletic Team. Ziehrer, Wilh. Leader of Wrestling Team. Baron M. Zois Leader of Cycling Team.

BELGIUM.

Annoot, L. Member of the Honorary Presidentship for Rowing Team. Anspach, P. Leader of Fencing Team. Count E. d’Assche Representative for Lawn Tennis. Count Henry de Baillet- Latour Member of International Olympic Com. Berré, M. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Captain de Blommaert Leader of Horse Riding Team. Cnoops, C. Leader of Fencing Team. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Cohen, H. Leader of Swimming Team. Dupuich, A. Member of Belgian Olympic Com. Feyerick, A. Member of Belgian Olympic Com. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Grégoire, O. Member of Belgian Olympic Com. Van der Heyden, F. Member of Belgian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. Major Joostens Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding Competitions. Major O. Lefebure Vice-President of Belgian Olympic Com. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Baron de Laveleye President of Belgian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Football. D:r A. de Marneffe Leader of Rowing Team. Count J. d’Oultrement Leader of Athletic Team. Sarens, A. Leader of Fencing Team. Judge in Fencing Competitions.

BOHEMIA.

Balcar, Em. Vice-President of Bohemian Olympic Com. D:r J. Broft Functionary of Bohemian Olympic Com. Fehrer, Fr. Leader of Cycling Team. de Fuchs, Karel Functionary of Bohemian Olympic Com. Professor Jiri Guth President of Bohemian Olympic Com. Member of International Olympic Com. Herman, Gustav Leader of Rowing Team. 958 Just, Jar., Ph. D:r Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Kalva, Jar. Press Representative of Bohemian Olympic Com. Professor G. Karasek Functionary of -Bohemian Olympic Com. D:r P. Kostar Judge in Fencing Competitions. de Lobsdorf, Vilém G. Leader of Fencing Team. Matucka, I. Functionary of Bohemian Olympic Com. Pavlousek, V. Archivist of Bohemian Olympic Com. Pfeiffer, J. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Richter, R. Leader of Athletic and Cycling Teams. Roessler-Orovsky, J. General Secretary of Bohemian Olympic Com. Member. of Intern. Jury for Modem Pentathlon. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Chief Manager of Bohemian Teams. Rudl, Vàclav Vice-President of. Bohemian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Wrestling. Schejbal, J. Asst. Treasurer, Bohemian Olympic Com. Schindler, R. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Leader of Wrestling Team. Sebek, J. Muc. Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Sourek, L. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Zelenka, Jos. Treasurer, Bohemian Olympic Com.

CANADA.

Crow, Norton, H. Secretary, Canadian Olympic Com. Manager of Canadian Teams. Brigadier-General, Sir John Hanbury-Williams Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Merrik, James G., B. A. President of Canadian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Wright, Josef Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing.

CHILI.

Kähni, Don Maximo Manager of Chilian Teams. Maia, Don Jorje Member of Chilian Olympic Com. Lieut.-Col. Don Alfredo Schönmeyr Official Representative of Chilian Government. President of Chilian Delegation at the Games. Subercasseaux y Browne, Don Fernando Member of Chilian Olympic Com.

DENMARK.

Albany, William Rowing Team Functionary. Arboe, O. Rowing Team Functionary. Miss Signe Bentsen Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Captain H. Bondo Member of Intern. Jury for Wrestling and Modem Pentathlon. Brydegaard, Johan Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. 959 Bukh, Niels E. Team functionary for Gymnastics. Clod-Hansen, Abr. Judge in Gymnastic and Fencing Competitions. Mrs Emborg Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Captain Torben Grut Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Hansen, A. Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Lieut-Col. Fritz Hansen President of Danish Olympic Com. Lieut. Arne Höjme Leader of Athletic Team. Illeris, Nils Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Jensen, Oluf Leader of Rowing Team. Knudsen, K. A. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Knudsen, K. P. Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Kristensen, Vilhelm Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Köster, H. S. Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing. Larsen, Johs Team functionary for Athletics. Levison, Ejnar Leader of Fencing Team. D:r L. J. Madsen Leader of Shooting Team. Madsen, Povl Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Lieut.-Col. O. A. H. Moltke Member of Intern. Jury of Horse Riding Competitions. Mouritzen Team functionary for Football and Lawn Tennis. Captain T. F. H. Möl- gaard Team functionary for Gymnastics. Möller, Carl Team functionary for Cycling. Möller, H. C. V. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Gymnastics. Nathansen, J. L. Vice-President of Danish Olympic Com. Nielsen, A. R. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Lieut. I. Nyholm Secretary of Danish Olympic Com. Olesen, K. Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Miss Kamilla Poulsen Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Miss Praestgaard Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team Rasmussen, Moritz Team functionary for Athletics. Rasmussen, N. H., B. A. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. D:r E. A. J. Saugmann Team functionary for Rowing. V. V. J. Schiermer Team functionary for Gymnastics. Schmidt, Eugen Team functionary for Rowing. Steenberg Team functionary for Football and Lawn Tennis. Sylow, L. Leader of Football and Lawn Tennis Teams. Teilman, Kåre Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Toepfer, Georg Leader of Cycling Team. Vind, Rasmus Functionary of Gymnastic Display Team. Vogel-Jörgensen Team functionary for Football and Tennis. Östrup Team functionary for Football and Tennis.

EGYPT.

Bolanachi A. Ch. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. 960 FINLAND.

Aro Toivo Leader of Swimming Team. Björk, Werner Masseur attending Cycling Team. Miss Elli Björksten Leader of Women’s Gymnastic Team. Blomqvist, Johan Chief Masseur. Johansson, E. Leader of Wrestling Team. Koivistoinen, Janne Masseur attending Athletic Team. Koivistoinen, Yrjö Masseur attending Athletic Team. Liljander, Aame Masseur attending Wrestling Team. Liljefors, Axel Leader of Wrestling Team. Lindberg Carl Leader of Cycling Team. Lindstedt, Johan Judge in Wrestling Competition. Leader of Wrestling Team. Londen, Axel Member of Finnish Olympic Com. Leader of Shooting Team. Nylund, Emil Leader of Rowing Team. Pihkala, Lauri, B. A. Leader of Athletic Team. Schroeder, I. E. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Sivén, Elis Leader of Athletic Team. Soinio, Kaarlo Leader of Football Team. Stenberg, Ragnar, M. B. Leader of Athletic Team. Vartia Arvo, Ph. Mag. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Wasenius, Gösta Member of Finnish Olympic Com. Manager of Finnish Teams. Westerholm, Uno Member of Finnish Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. Baron R. F. von Wille- brand President of Finnish Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Wilskman, Ivar Vice-President of Finnish Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Manager of Finnish Teams.

FRANCE.

Count d’Arnaud Member of French Olympic Com. Leader of Cycling Team. Ballif, Abel Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Count A. de Bertier de Sauvigny Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Brennus Leader of Athletic Team. Breton, Léon Leader of Cycling Team. Lieut. Brulé Member of French Olympic Com. Delegate of French Olympic Com. at the Games. Callot, E. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Canet, Albert Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Baron de Castex Leader of Clay Bird Shooting Team. Castiglioni Leader of Gymnastic Team. 61 Fifth Olympiad. 961 Cazalet Member of French Olympic Com. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Champ, Paul Treasurer, French Olympic Com. Delegate of French Olympic Com. at the Games. Marquis de Chasseloup- Laubat Member of French Olympic Com. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Captain Chodron de Courcel Judge in Horse Riding Competitions. Christmann, Paul Member of French Olympic Com. Delegate of French Olympic Com. at the Games. Conord Leader of Swimming Team. Baron P. De Coubertin President of French Olympic Com. Marquis de Créqui Monfort Member of French Olympic Com. Leader of Pistol Shooting Team. Commander Destremau Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding Competitions. Dezaux, Maurice Leader of Athletic Team. Dorn Member of French Olympic Com. Leader of Rowing Team. Enderlin, René Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Leader of Athletic Team. Evelyn, Harold Masseur. Faure, Maurice Member of French Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Leader of Shooting Team. Germot M. Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Glandaz Member of French Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing. Leader of Rowing Team. Glamer, André Chief leader of Athletic Team. Isambert, Charles Secretary of French Olympic Com. D:r Lachaud Member of Intern. Jury for Gymnastics. Meiers Assist. Sec., French Olympic Com. Mérillon Member of French Olympic Com. Mirambeau Leader of Rowing Team. Noquet Assist. Sec., French Olympic Com. Regnier Leader of Wrestling Team. Rousseau, Paul Member of French Olympic Com. Rousselot Leader of Cycling Team. Roy, Pierre Vice-President, French Olympic Com. Delegate-General of French Olympic Com. at the Games. Captain F. Sée Judge in Fencing Competitions. Sevin Member of French Olympic Com. Leader of Rowing Team.

962 GERMANY.

Major-General von Alten Honorary Member of Committee for Horse Riding Competitions. Auerbach, F. W. K. Chief Dir. of Gymnast Member of Deputation from Leipzig. Bachmann Team functionary for Athletics. Berner, M. Team functionary for Athletics. Blome, C. Team functionary for Football. Blume, M. Member of German Olympic Com. Leader of Swimming Team. Boeckling, Th. Member of German Olympic Com. Representative for Cycling. Brandt, M. Team functionary for Football. Brustman. M. Medical Attendant. Büxenstein, Geh. Kom. Rat Representative for Rowing. Diem, Carl Member of German Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Leader of Athletic Team. Drömer, F. Member of German Olympic Com. Leader of Swimming Team. Erckrath de Bary Member of German Olympic Com. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Leader of Fencing Team. Forster, P. Member of German Olympic Com. Leader of Cycling Team. Major von Giese Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding Compe- titions. Professor W. Goetze Representative of Ducal Government of Brunswick. Professor Heffner Representative for Football. D:r Hoffman Leader of Football Team. Baron J. von Hünefeld Treasurer, German Olympic Com. Captain H. Jürst Member of German Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Fencing. D:r Kappe Team functionary for Athletics. Kiessling, E. Member of German Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Wrestling. D:r Kuhr Leader of Athletic Team. D:r Mallwitz Member of German Olympic Com. Medical Attendant. Markus, K. Team functionary for Athletics. D:r Paul Martin Chief Secretary, German Olympic Com. Mayer, H. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Mess, G. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Meyerhof, J. W. Team functionary for Athletics. D:r Paul Meynen Member of Delegation from Leipzig. Müller, B. Team functionary for Athletics.

963 Müller, Joh. J. P. Asst. Secretary, German Olympic Com. Natusch, B. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Obst, G. Member of German Olympic Com. Representative for Football. Ober-Regierungsrat, U. von Oertzen Vice-President of German Olympic Com. Petri, A. Judge in Fencing Competitions. States-Minister, V. von Podbielski President of German Olympic Com. Preuss, A. Member of German Olympic Com. Leader of Shooting Team. Preuss, R. Member of German Olympic Com. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Leader of Wrestling Team. Rahn, A. Team functionary for Athletics. Colonel, Count von Roth- kirch und Trach Leader of Horse Riding Team. Runge, J. Leader of Athletic Team. D:r O. Ruperti Member of German Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing. Leader of Rowing Team. Sans, W. Team functionary for Football. D:r W. Schomburgk Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Lieut. Col. Seiffert Judge in Horse Riding Competitions. Count A. F. Sierstorpff Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Streigler, B. Member of Delegation from Leipzig. Baron von Venningen Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Wagener, E. Leader of Athletic Team. Count C. von Wartens- Member of Intern. Olympic Com. leben Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. Witt, A. Leader of Swimming Team.

Witzgall, E. R., Chief Dir. of Gymn. Member of Deputation from Leipzig.

GREAT BRITAIN.

D:r A. Abrahams Team functionary for Athletics. Barker, H. R. Leader of Rowing Team. Baxter, F. Leader of Swimming Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. Birch, A. Football Trainer. Blair, J. Member of British Olympic Council. Leader of Cycling Team. Brickett, W. Swimming Trainer. Brommage, W. A. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Team functionary for Athletics. Brown, J. T. Leader of Swimming Team.

964 Cook, Theodore A. Member of British Olympic Council. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing. Cross, W. Trainer in Athletics. Rt. Hon. Lord Desbor- ough of Taplow, K. C. V. O. President of British Olympic Council. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Ditchman, J. F. Leader of Cycling Team. Captain W. M. Ellerton, R. N. Member of British Olympic Council. Fowler-Dixon, J. E. Member of British Olympic Council. Gold, H. G. Leader of Rowing Team. Colonel J. Heap Leader of Shooting Team. Hearn, G. W. Leader of Swimming Team. Henry, Wm. Member of British Olympic Council. Mrs. Holmes Swimming Trainer. Hughes, C. J. Leader of Football Team. Hurd, John C. Member of British Olympic Council. Leader of Swimming Team. Mrs. Jarvis Swimming Trainer. Johnstone, R. Member of British Olympic Council. Leader of Cycling Team. Colonel P. A. Kenna, V. C. Leader of Horse Riding Team. Kirby, A. G. Member of British Olympic Council. Klein, W. Trainer in Wrestling. Rev. R. S. de Courcy Laffan Secretary to British Olympic Council. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Manager of British Teams. Major L. N. Lloyd, D. S. O. Leader of Shooting Team. Longhourst, Percy Leader of Wrestling Team. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Milne, W. Team functionary for Shooting. Moss, S. G. Team functionary for Athletics. Musgrove, L. M. Assist. Sec. to British Olympic Council. Nelson, A. Trainer in Athletics. Nicholson, P. W. Team functionary for Gymnastics. Lieut.-Col. J. F. Noel- Birch Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding. Oberholzer, R. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Parker, F. W. Team functionary for Athletics. Parrish, W. Trainer in Athletics. Pelling, E. H. Team functionary for Athletics. Pimm, W. E. Team functionary for Shooting. D:r H. P. Potter Medical Attendant. Major P. W. Richardson Leader of Shooting Team.

965 Ridley-Martin, A. Leader of Fencing Team. Seligman, E. Leader of Fencing Team. Simmons, G. W. Team functionary for Football. Sykes, J. Cycling Trainer. Captain A. E. Syson Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Thomas, W. G. Trainer in Athletics. Thomson, H. Cycling Trainer. Wall, F. J. Member of British Olympic Council. Leader of Football Team. West, C. J. Member of British Olympic Council. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Whitaker, G. Team functionary for Shooting. Woolfall, D. B. Leader of Football Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Football. Captain W. Wright Member of British Olympic Council.

GREECE.

Professor Jean Chryssafis Member of Greek Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Metaxas, Anastase Member of Greek Olympic Com. Member of the Intern. Jury for Athletics.

HOLLAND.

Blöte, C. Team functionary for Football. Brands, G. A. M. Judge in Wrestling Competitions. General, Baron Van der Capelle Honorary Member of Committee for Horse Riding Competitions. de Haan, P. A. Team functionary for Football. Hirschmann, C. A. W. Leader of Football Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Football. Lieut. A. E. W. de Jong Member of Intern. Jury for Fencing. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Leader of Fencing Team. de Jong, H. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Ploeger, W. Leader of Wrestling Team. Portheine, Th. Team functionary for Football. Reynolds, W. Leader of Athletic Team. van Rossem, G. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Count W. de Stirum Secretary to Dutch Olympic Com. Baron F. W. de Tuyll President of Dutch Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Warner, J. Representative for Football. Willing, H. G. Representative for Football.

966 HUNGARY.

von Abray, Zoltán Leader of Rowing Team. Count Géza Andrássy Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Bély, Michel Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Csanádi, Moritz Member of Intern. Jury for Wrestling. Farkas, Aladár Leader of Shooting Team. von Füzessery, Arpád Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. D:r M. Hajdu Judge in Fencing Competitions. von Iszer, Karl Leader of Gymnastic Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Gymnastics. Kárpáti, Béla Leader of Football Team. Kiss, Gésa Leader of Swimming Team. Laubar, Desider Secretary to Hungarian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Modern Pentathlon. von Muzsa, Julius President of Hungarian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Manager of Hungarian Teams. D:r Béla Nagy Judge in Fencing Competitions. Leader of Fencing Team. Stankovits, Szilárd Leader of Athletic Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Tarján, Elemer Leader of Cycling Team. D:r Péter Tatics Judge in Wrestling Competitions. Leader of Wrestling Team. Zsigmondy, Jeno Leader of Lawn Tennis Team.

ITALY.

Ballerini, F. Treasurer to Italian Olympic Com. Count E. Brunetta d’usseaux Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Brunialti, A., Councillor of State Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Marquis Compans de Brichanteau President of Italian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Fencing. Croci, Em. Leader of Swimming Team. Diana, D. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Marquis M. Ferrante Vice-President, Italian Olympic Com. Professor R. Guerra General Secretary to Italian Olympic Com. Massini, Tito Leader of Athletic Team. di Nola, Ugo Judge in Fencing Competitions. Nunes, Ito Leader of Fencing Team. Captain F. Pietrasanta Judge in Fencing Competitions. Baron Pontenani Judge in Fencing Competitions. Pozzo, V. Leader of Football Team. Speciale, P. Judge in Fencing Competitions.

967 Professor Cesare Tifi Leader of Gymnastic Team. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. D:r F. Tonetti Leader of Athletic Team. Valvassori, E. Leader of Football Team.

JAPAN.

Director Jigoro Kano Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Professor Hyozo Omori Member of Japanese Olympic Com. Captain Yeshioka Member of Japanese Olympic Com.

LUXEMBURG.

Kayser, Aloys Secretary to Luxemburg Olympic Com. Peffer, Valentin Leader of Gymnastic Team. Pescatore, Maurice Member of Intern. Olympic Com.

MONACO.

Count A. Gautier-Vignal Member of Intern. Olympic Com.

NORWAY.

Miss Martha Aanensen Functionary for Gymnastic Display Team. Lieut. Aas, L. Th. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Allum, J. F. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Captain Baumann Representative for Horse Riding. Bech, Nich. Team functionary for Athletics. Major L. Bentzen Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Berge, Anton Leader of Swimming Team. Berthelsen, F. Judge in Gymnastic Competitions. Björnstad, Johs. Rowing Instructor. Björnstad, S. Team functionary for Swimming. Botolfsen, Bernh. Team functionary for Cycling. Bye, Oscar W. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Captain Johs. Dahl. Instructor of Gymnastic Team. Lieut. Col. Egeberg- Ottesen Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding. Eger, Jr. Team functionary for Rowing. Enger, Johan Team functionary for Shooting. Ericksen, Chas. F. Trainer and Masseur. Captain R. Fabritius Instructor of Gymnastic Team. Fearnley, J:r, Thos Leader of Lawn Tennis Team. Five, O. Team functionary for Shooting. Captain Fougner Leader of Cycling Team. Frisch, A. Leader of Shooting Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Lieut. Frölich-Hanssen, C. Secretary to Norwegian Olympic Com. Instructor for Gymnastic Team. Glad, Th. Leader of Yachting Competitors.

968 Gude-Smith, Axel Team functionary for Gymnastics. Captain Gröttum Representative for Norwegian Central Athletic Association. Haanshus, O. A. Team functionary for Rowing. Hansen, Halvard Team functionary for Cycling. Heiberg, Chr. Team functionary for Rowing. Miss Inga Henrichsen Functionary for Gymnastic Display Team. Jensen, Alfr. K. Leader of Athletic Team. Karlsen Instructor for Rowing Team. Captain O. T. Klingen- berg Leadar of Modern Pentathlon Team. Member of International Jury for Modern Pen- tathlon. Knudsen, Oscar Team functionary for Rowing. Larsen, Alfred Leader of Yachting Competitors. Major-General, H. D. Lowzow Honorary Member of Committee for Horse Riding Competitions. Lund, Alfr. Chr. Leader of Gymnastic Team. Lund, Trygve Team functionary for Football. Lördahl, M. Team functionary for Athletics. Martens, Joh. President of Norwegian Olympic Com. Captain S. W. Mathiesen Judge in Fencing Competitions. Captain Michelet Leader of Horse Riding Team. Moen, Haakon Trainer and Masseur. Moestue, L. Team Functionary for Rowing. Olsen, S. Trainer and Masseur. Pedersen, Carl Alfr. Team functionary for Athletics. Miss Kirsten Ravnsborg Functionary for Gymnastic Display Team. Kosenvinge-Kolderyp, O. Team functionary for Athletics. Captain C. F. B. Schö- yen Leader of Football Team. Lieut. Col. Seeberg Representative for Shooting. Lieut. Styri Instructor for Rowing Team. Captain Johan Sverre President of Norwegian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. von Tangen Leader of Fencing Team. Thorstensen Team functionary for Cycling. Torgensen Team functionary for Football. Trogstad, Aug. Team functionary for Cycling. Consul Einar Wettre Treasurer to Norwegian Olympic Com. Leader of Rowing Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Rowing Competi- tions. Colonel H. Wettre Honorary Member of Committee for Horse Riding Competitions. Lieut. Wettre Functionary for Horse Riding. Major Wiel-Gjedde Judge in Horse Riding Competitions.

969 PORTUGAL.

Correrira, Fernando Member of Portuguese Olympic Com. Manager of Portuguese Teams. Count de Penha-Garcia Honorary President of Portuguese Olympic Com.

RUSSIA.

Anderson, Ervin Trainer. Berger, Georges One of Honorary Presidents for Rowing. Captain G. Bertren Judge in Prize Riding Competitions. Boutoussoff, Paul Leader of Football Team. Professor Franjo Bucar Representative for Gymnastics. Duperron, Georges Secretary to Russian Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Modern Pentathlon. Captain Anatol Fok Leader of Gymnastic Team. Fulda, Roman Member of Moscow Olympic Sub-committee. Representative for Football. Grotsky, Hugo President of Baltic Olympic local Com. Henning, Théodor Leader of Athletic Team. Count Serge Ignatieff Orderly to Official Representative of Russia at the Games. Lieut. Boris Iwanenko Purser on S. S. “Birma”. Major-General de Khimetz Hon. Member of Committee of Horse Riding Com- petitions. Colonel D. Kniagewitch Leader of Épée-Fencing Team. Linowall, Paul, Treasurer to Russian Olympic Com. Macpherson, Arthur Member of Russian Olympic Com. Leader, of Lawn Tennis Team. Captain Martuscheff Judge in Fencing Competitions. Baron Th. Meiendorff Hon. President of Russian Olympic Com. Colonel Alex. Mordowine Commander of steamer “Birma”. Leader of Fencing Team. Colonel Platon Moskoff Leader of Shooting Team. Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Muser, Heinrich Representative for Yacht Racing. H. Ex., E. Nobel Hon. Member of Committee for Horse Riding Competitions. Prince Léon Orousoff Member of Intern. Olympic Com. D:r Wl. de Peskow Representative for Russian Admiralty. von Reisner, Karl Secretary to Baltic Olympic Sub-com. Sabatelli, V. Bandmaster on board steamer “Birma”. Captain Wl. Sarnaffsky Adjutant-in-Waiting to Official Representative of Russia at the Games. Schlicht, Karl Eugen Representative for Cycling. Colonel de Schweder Leader of Horse Riding Team. Sofronoff, Alexis Leader of Rowing Team. State-Councillor W. Sres- neffsky President of Russian Olympic Com. D:r Wl. Stasenkoff Medical Attendant. 970 de Stieglitz, Nicolas Member of Russian Olympic Com. Leader of Cycling Team. Captain Sweguinzeff Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding Compe- titions. Teriavainen, Ialmer Interpreter. Tschaplinsky, Ludwig Member of Intern. Jury for Wrestling. Leader of Wrestling Team. General Vladimir Woie- koff Official Representative of Russia at the Games. Woronkoff, Nicolai Leader of Swimming Team. D:r W. Wsewolojskoi Medical Attendant. Lieut. Nil Zavalischin Officer of S. S. “Birma”.

SERVIA.

Captain S. Djonkitch Director of Servian Olympic Com. Jovitch, A., C. E. Leader of Servian Teams. Lieut. D. V. Voinovitch Secretary to Servian Olympic Com.

SOUTH AFRICA.

Sir Lionel Philliphs, Bart Member of South African Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Captain W. Wetherell Member of South African Olympic Com. Manager of South African Teams.

SWITZERLAND.

Baron G. de Blonay President of Swiss Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Professor E. Richème Member of Swiss Olympic Com.

TURKEY.

Selim Sirry Bey Member of Intern. Olympic Com.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Armour, Allison V. Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Billings, Charles W. Leader of Clay Bird and Running Deer Shooting Teams. Brown, Everett, C. Vice-President of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Curtiss, A. H. Treasurer to U. S. A. Olympic Com. Farley, T. Member of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Colonel F. S. Foltz Member of Intern. Jury for Horse Riding Com- petitions. Leader of Horse Riding Team. Halpin, M. P. Manager of U. S. A. Teams. Leader of Athletic and Wrestling Teams. 971 Hammond, G. M. Member of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Judge in Fencing Competitions. Leader of Fencing Team. Lieut. A. S. Jones Leader of Shooting Team. Kirby, Gustavus T. Vice-President of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Modern Pentathlon. Commander H. Lanning Leader of Army Rifle Shooting Team. Lieut. Col. William Libbey Member of Intern. Jury for Shooting. Maccabe, Joseph B. Member of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Professor E. O’Neill Member of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Post A. van Zo Judge in Fencing Competitions. Sauer, A. E. Judge in Fencing Competitions. D:r R. H. Sayre Leader of Pistol Shooting Team. Professor W. M. Sloane Member of Intern. Olympic Com. Sullivan, James E. Official Representative of U. S. A. at the Games. Secretary to U. S. A. Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Athletics. Colonel Robert M. Thompson President of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Wahle, Otto Leader of Swimming Team. Wainwright, A. R. W. Member of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Weeks, Bartew S. Vice-President of U. S. A. Olympic Com. Member of Intern. Jury for Swimming. Wendell, Evert J. Member of Intern. Olympic Com.

972 TABLE SHOWING THE TOTAL NUMBER OF FOREIGN OFFICIAL REPRESENTATIVES AND FUNCTIONARIES PRESENT AT THE GAMES OF STOCKHOLM.

Nation Number Australasia Austria Belgium Bohemia Canada Chili Denmark Egypt Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Holland Hungary Italy Japan Luxemburg Monaco Norway Portugal Russia Servia South Africa Switzerland Turkey United States of America Total

973 LIST OF THE SWEDISH MEMBERS OF COMMITTEES AND OFFICIALS.

Aaris, Arthur Hälsingborg Official, Rowing Comp. Adelswärd, A. Stockholm Horse Riding Comp. Adlerstråhle, M., Fru Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Agardt, Erik Öebro Official, Athletics Comp. Football Comp. Ahlberg, A. Stockholm Ahlsell, F. Vice-Pres. of Entertainments Comm. Ahlström, Harry Official, Swimming Comp. Anderberg, Aug. Ahnström, A. Horse Riding Comp. Ahnström, Otto Umeå Athletics Comp. Memb. of Athletics Comm. Albrechtsson, Knut Gothenburg Official, Swimming Comp. Rowing Comp. Alderin, J. Stockholm Allen, K. Köping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Almqvist, A. Stockholm Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Almström, K. Rowing Comp. Almqvist, Sune Uppsala Lawn Tennis Comp. Football Comp. Aminoff, Ivar Falun Athletics Comp. Amundson, K. A. B. Stora Frösunda Memb. of Building Comm. Andersson, Adolf Stockholm Official, Swimming Comp. Andersson, Alb. Yacht Racing Comp. Andersson, Alb. Västerås Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Andersson, Carl Stockholm Andersson, Carl Malmö Memb. of Wrestling Comm. Official, Wrestling Comp. Andersson, Erik Mariefred Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Andersson, E. Eskilstuna Football Comp. Andersson, Hugo Stockholm Asst. Sec. in Yacht Racing Comm. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Andersson, John B. Rowing Comp. Andersson, John G. Memb. of Swimming Comm. Official, Swimming Comp. Andersson, Karl Enköping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Andersson, Olof Mariefred Andersson, Otto Stockholm Memb. of Rowing Comm. Official, Rowing Comp. Andersson, R. Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Andersson, V. Kungsör (Control Comm.) Andersson, Wicke Enköping Anderson-Edenberg, A. Stockholm Memb. of Press Comm. Appelqvist, Harry Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Appeltofft, Carl J. Landskrona Rowing 974 Armgardt, G. Malmö Official, Ahletics Comp. Arosenius, K. Enköping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Arp, L. Bålsta (Control Stat.) Arp, W. Arpi, Signhild Stockholm Gymnastics Comp. Arvidson, Carl Malmö Wrestling Comp. Arvidsson, P. O. Stockholm Memb. of Shooting Comm. Asp, Nils Official, Rowing Comp. Asplund, Mauritz Gothenburg Swimming Asplund, R. Stockholm Cycling Arfvedson, Axel Örebro Swimming v. Bahr, Louise Stockholm Gymnastics Balck, V. G. Pres. Swed. Olymp. Comm. Ex. Comm. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Building Comm. Athletics Comp. Modern Penta. Intern. Jury for Gymn. Bark, A. Gothenburg Official, Wrestling Comp. Beck-Friis, G. J. Stockholm Horse Rid. Beckman, Gösta Swimming Behrens, Paul Cycling (Control Stat.) Benedicks, Edv. Memb. of Shooting Comm. Bengtsson, Sture Hälsingborg Official, Athletics Comp. Bennet, Fr. Stockholm Horse Riding Comp. Berg von Linde, A. Kristianstad Gymnastics Comp. Bergkvist, A. Stockholm Cycling Comp. Bergman, C. Köping (Control Comm.] Bergström, Arvid Gäfle Athletics Comp. Bergström, G. Gothenburg Football Comp. Bergström, Otto Stockholm Pres. Accom. Comm. Bergström, R. Eskilstuna Official, Cycling Comp. Bergvall, Erik Stockholm Pres. Swimming Comm. Memb. of Reception Comm. Modern Penta. Comm. Intern. Jury Swimming. Press Comm. Official, Swimming Comp. Bergvall, Harry Bergvall, Maria, Fru Memb. of Swimm. Comm’s Recep. Comm. Berndtsson, F. Uppsala Official, Lawn Tennis Comp. Beskow, Einar Stockholm Wrestling Bielke, Ture Nation-host for Austria. Bildt, Tore Official, Athletics Comp. Bille, Fredrik Memb. of Comm. Ex. Com. Official Comp.

Billman, H. Västerås Cycling (Control Comm.) Björk, O. Stockholm ( Stat.) Björkenstam, Fr. Memb. of Shooting Comm. Big Game Shooting Comm. Official, Shooting Comp. Memb. of Intern. jury for Shooting. Björkgren, A. W. Malmö Wrestling Comm. Official Comp. Memb. of Intern. jury for Wrestling. Björkvall John Västerås Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm. Blanche, Th. Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. 975 Blidberg, Carl Gothenburg Memb. of Swimming Comm. Official Comp. Blixen-Finecke, C. von Helsingborg Official, Horse Riding Comp. Blom, Sven Uppsala Nation-host for France. Blomberg, D. Stockholm Sec. of Entertainm. Comm. Blomberg, P. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Blomquist, Carl Karlskrona Wrestling Comp. Bohnstedt, F. Uppsala Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Official, Lawn Tennis Comp. Boivie, Gustaf C. Stockholm Sec. Shooting Comm. Bonde, C. Tjärås Memb. Horse Riding Comm. Bondesson, C. Stockholm Official, Swimming Comp. Bonthron, Axel Athletics Borg, James Malmö Memb. of Wrestling Comm Official, Comm. Bergström, W. Lidingön Cycling Bosman, Jac. Stockholm Nation-Host for Holland. Boström, W. Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Bovin, Knut Sec. Yacht Racing Comm. Official Yacht Racing Comp. Brambeck, N. Memb. of Fencing Comm. Official, Comp. von Braun, Chr. Cycling Bredberg, E. Swimming Broberg, Gustaf Västerås Cycling (Control Comm.) Brolin, Erik Stockholm Nation-host for Great Britain. Burman, Fale Hungary. Börjesson, E. Official, Cycling Comp. Carlberg, E. Memb. of Shooting Comm. Official Comp. Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Carlberg, W. Sec. Gymnastics Comm. Official, Comp. Carlson, Sven Falun Memb. of Athletics Comm. Official Comp. Carlsson, Beyron Saltsjöbaden Memb. of Entertainm. Comm. Carlsson, Fritz Stockholm Official, Athletics Comp. Carlsson, G. Eskilstuna Football Cycling (Control Comm.) Carlsson, Gunnar Hälsingborg Rowing Caullvine Södertälje Cycling (Control Comm.) Ceder, Emil Stockholm Cederlund, Edw., J:r Yacht Racing Comp. Cederström, B. Horse Riding Cederström, Cl. Uppsala Memb. of Comm. Christiansen, Ernst Stockholm Official, Rowing Comp. Chryssafis, Michel E. Nation-host for Greece. Clarino, Bernhard Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Clemens, W. Memb. of Rowing Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Rowing Cleve, M. Athletics Cnattingius, B. Sec. Fencing Comm. Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Fencing Comp. Croneborg, W. Horse Riding Comp. Cronholm, Viking Lidingön Athletics Comp. Rowing Daevel, Anders Stockholm Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp.

976 Dahl, Edward Sundbyberg Official, Athletics Comp. Dahl, V. Stockholm Dahlberg, R. Swimming Dahlgren, E. S. Yacht Racing Comp. Dahlström, Fr. Wrestling Dahlström, K. Rowing Dalman, Gösta Gothenburg Memb. of Football Comm. Reception Comm. Danielsson, Albin Stockholm Official, Rowing Comp. Dickson, Charles Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Finance Comm. Building Dinell, Oscar Official, Swimming Comp. Djurberg, Nils Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Djurberg, Wilhelm Swimming Drake, C. G. Pres. Cycling Comm. Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp, Cycling Nation-host for Denmark. Drakenberg, Sten Memb. of Intern. Jury Fencing. Duhs, Hugo Official, Yacht Racing Comp.

Eckermann, Erik v. Sparreholm Memb. of Big Game Shooting Comp. Edlund, N. D. Malmslätt Vice-Pres. Swimming Comm. Pres. Intern. Jury Swimming. Edström, J. S. Västerås Vice-Pres. Swed. Olympic Comm. Memb. of Ex. Comm. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Pres. Technical Section. Memb. of Building Comm. Pres. Intern. Jury Athletics. Ehlert, F. Stockholm Official, Cycling Comp. Rowing Ekberg, E. Athletics Ekberg, P. Ekberg, Willie Malmö Swimming Ekelund, Erik Jönköping Rowing Ekenstam, E. af Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. Ekhoff, John Swimming Eklund, Herman Insjön Athletics Eklöf, E. Stockholm Ekman, Axel Malmö Rowing Ekman, J. E. Stockholm Memb. of Shooting Comm. Ekström, S. af Stockholm Nation-host for Germany. Ekström, Birger Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Ekström, W. Memb. of Accom. Comm. Ellberg, Ernst Jury for Music Comp. Elliot, Bror Official, Athletics Comp. Enell, K. Fencing Engelbrektson, Carl Örebro Swimming Englund, Leopold Gothenburg Chief Sec. Athletics Comm. Official Comp. Memb. of Ex. of Athletics Comm. Engström, P. E. Fristad Hed Official, Fencing Comp. Enlund, A. E. Stockholm Cycling Eriksson, Arvid Enköping (Control Comm.) Eriksson, E. Kungsör Eriksson, H. 62 Fifth Olympiad. 977 Eriksson, Henning Kolbäck Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Essen, C. von Stockholm Horse Riding Comp. Essen, H. von Memb. of Fencing Comm. Official Comp. Fagrell, Folke Memb. of Shooting Comm. von Feilitzen Official, Fencing Comp. Fick, Emil Pres. of Comm. Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Fencing Comp. Fick, H. Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Fjästad, Per Swimming Rowing Official Comp. Swimming Fjäsad, G. Arvika Cycling Flygare, E. Västerås Comp. (Control Comm.) Fogelberg, Dr. Enköping Comp. Fornander, John Stockholm Forsberg, A. F. Athletics Forsell, G. Horse Riding Comp. Forshell, O. Gothenburg Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Francke, G. Bålsta Cycling Comp. (Control Comm) Fred, C. Stockholm Comp. Fredell, Fabian Lawn Tennis Comp. Frestadius, Erik Memb. of Swed. Olympic. Comm. Entertainm. Pres. Reception Comm. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Frestadius, Gunnar Memb. of Reception Comm. Friberg, Wilh. Gothenburg Athletics Football Official, Athletics Comp. Fries, Allan Stockholm Cycling Fries, C. Sec Accom. Comm. Fries, K. A. E. Official, Athletics Comp. Swimming Cycling Friman, Thor Södertelje Memb of Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Frisell, O. Falun Athletics Frykman, G. Stockholm Football Fäldt, Alfred Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Ganslandt, W. Malmö Rowing Gartz, Allan Kolbäck Cycling Comp. (Control Comm) Gelbord, Ruben Stockholm Athletics Comp. Giesecke, A. Strängnäs Cycling (Control Comm) Graf, Vilh. Stockholm Rowing Comp. Grahn, Eman Athletics Grahn, Erik Örebro Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Athletics Comp Granberg, A. Eskilstuna Cycling Comp. (Control Comm) Granfelt, S. Stockholm Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Rowing Comp. Swimming Modern Penta. Comp. Granlund, Sten Memb. of Press Comm. Granström, Alexis Official, Swimming Comp. Grill, C Sköfde Horse Riding Comp. Grut, Torben Stockholm Memb. of Entertainm. Comm.

978 Gräslund, A. I. Stockholm Official, Fencing Comp. Grönberger, Gustaf Swimming Comp. Gustafsson, B. Yacht Racing Comp. Gustafsson, Georg Järfva Cycling Comp. (Control Stat.) Gyllenhammar, G. Stockholm Athletics Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Haak, F. Official, Rowing Comp. Hafström, G. Yacht Racing Comp. Hagberg, K. Memb. of Press Comm. Hagman, Carl Hälsingborg Official, Athletics Comp. Hagner, G. Mariefred Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Hagström, E. Stockholm Comp. Hallberg, K. E. Swimming Comp. Hallén, Andreas Memb. of Jury for Music Comp. Hallman, John Official, Wrestling Comp. Hallman, M. N. Memb. of Shooting Comm. Hamilton, H. Hessleholm Official, Athletics Comp. Hammar, A. Gäfle Memb. of Football Comm. Hammar, John Stockholm Nation-host for Great Britain. Hansson, G. Official, Cycling Comp. Hansson, Thure Swimming Hartzell, Erik Athletics Hartzell, Nils Hay, Ebba Jönköping Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Hedberg, Gustaf Stockholm Official, Athletics Comp. Hedberg, L. Hälsingborg Horse Riding Comp. Hedenblad, Hj. Växjö Gymnastics Hedenblad, P. Häsingborg Memb. of Athletics Comm. Official, Comp. Hedendahl, Hugo Boden Nation-host for Russia. Hedenstierna, A. Sköfde Official, Horse Riding Comp. Heidenstam, R. von Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. Heijl, C. A. Nation-host for France. Heille, W. Official, Cycling Comp. Helgesson, Carl Gothenburg Pres. Wrestling Comm. Official, Comp. Pres. Intern. Jury Wrestling Comm. Hellberg, Carl Stockholm Memb. of Football Comm. Advertis. Hellberg, K. S. Eskilstuna Adj. member of Cycling Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Hellberg, O. Stockholm Lawn Tennis Comp. Helling, E. Shooting Hellkvist, O. Memb. of Press Comm. Hellsten, Albin Official, Swimming Comp. Hellsten, F. Västerås Fencing Hellström, Kristian Stockholm Sec. Swed. Olympic Comm. Memb. of Ex. Comm. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Sec. Tug-of-War Comm. Swimming Modern Penta. Advertis. Athletics Ex. Comm. Memb. of Entertainm. Comm. Accom. Comm. Hellström, Sigrid Stockholm Official, Gymnastics Comp. Hellström, W. Eskilstuna Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Hemberg, Oscar Stockholm Memb. of Press Comm. Hennichs, H. Nation-host for Denmark.

979 Hermansson, V. R. Stockholm Official, Cycling Comp. Hermelin, S. D. A. Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Accom. Comm. Reception Comm. Pres. Press Comm. Memb. of Athletics Comm. Hessler, E. Jury for Music Comp. Hilding, Axel Kolbäck Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Hjorth, B. A. Stockholm Memb. of Yacht Racing Comm. Official, Comp. Hjorth, C. Memb. of Fencing Comm. Official, Comp. Hjortzberg, Olle Saltsjöbaden Memb. of Entertainm. Comm. Hjärne, Erland Gothenburg Football Official, Comp. Hodell, E. Åmål Athletics Football Hofstedt, O. Stockholm Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Holm, Ivar Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Holmberg, E. Cycling Holmberg, Edmund Malmö Swimming Holmberg, O. Stockholm Memb. of Gymnastics Comm. Official, Comp. Holmerin, H. F. Swimming Holmqvist, Ivan Karlskrona Wrestling Holmsten, Karl Stockholm Nation-host for U. S. A. Holtermann, Oscar Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Pres. Yacht Racing Comm. Official Comp. Huldt, Hampus Nation-host for Finland. Hult, N. Kolbäck Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Hulthén, F. Malmö Rowing Hultman, Axel Stockholm Nation-host for Norway. Hultman, Axel Memb. of Swimming Comm.’s Reception Comm. Official, Swimming Comp. Rowing Husén, Arne Athletics Hübinette, S. Horse Riding Hydén, Sven Memb. of Yacht Racing Comm. Official, Comp. Hylander, A. Uppsala Fencing Comp. Hägglund, Carl Stockholm Cycling Hägglund, Thure Höglund, F. Höglund, Hugo (Control Comm.) Höjer, Gunnar Gymnastics Höjer, O. Cycling Hök, Arvid Norrköping Rowing

Insulander, G. Karlskoga Athletics Isaksson, C. J. A Stockholm Nation-host for Germany. Jacobsson, B. Hälsingborg Official, Rowing Comp. Jansson, Ernst Västerås Athletics Jansson, S. J. Stockholm Fencing Johanson, Anton Sec. Football Comm. Memb. of Swimming Comm. Johansson, B. Official, Lawn Tennis Comp. Johansson, Edv. Kolbäck Cycling Comp. (Control Comm). 980 Johansson, E. Västerås Official, Swimming Comp. Johansson, H. Kolbäck Cycling Comp. (Control Comm) Johansson, Herbert Gothenburg Wrestling Comp. Johansson, Hjalmar Stockholm Memb. of Wrestling Comm. Official, Comp. Johansson, Josef Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Johansson, Karl Swimming Comp. Johansson, Ragnar Gothenburg Athletics Johansson, Rybin Hälsingborg Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Comp. Johansson, Sixtus Stockholm Swimming Johnson, John Enköping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Jonsson, Alfred Stockholm Comp. Jonsson, Jonas Juhlin, Elis Memb. of Athletics Comm. Ex. Comm. Official, Comp. Juhlin, Herman Jundell, I. Jungbäck, F. Malmö Rowing Jöhncke, A. Stockholm Fencing Jörgensen, O. Cycling Rowing

Karling, Ivar Athletics Karlsson, Emanuel Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Karlsson, Hilding Horse Riding Comp. Karsten, P. Memb. of Lawn Tennis Comm. Keiller, James, J:r Gothenburg Official, Athletics Comp. Kellgren, Henry Norrköping Swimming Kihlmark, M. Örebro Vice-Pres. Tug-of-War Comm. Killander, Ernst Stockholm Memb. of Football Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Kindberg, Axel Nation-host for Austria. Kindberg, A. E Official, Cycling Comp. Kjellberg, C. Shooting Kjellén, L. E. Fencing Kjellin, J. O. Västerås Cycling (Control Comm.) Kjerrulf, H. Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. Klerck, C. G. Fencing Comp. Klercker, J. af Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Klinkowström, Axel Ekerö Shooting Klinteberg, Svante af Linköping Nation-host for U. S. A. Knafve, Baltzar Stockholm Luxemburg. Knös, C. Official, Horse Riding Comp. Kock, Folke Memb. of Press Comm. Kornerup, C. L. Pres. Football Advertis. Memb. of Swimming Reception Comm. Pres. Intern. Jury for Football. Kraepelin, O Memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Krafft, H. Sköfde Horse Riding Krautmeyer, A. Falun Gymnastics Krook, N. J:r Stockholm Shooting Kroplien, T. Kullberg, A. G. Fencing Kumfeldt, Torsten Memb. of Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Källander, Paulus Örebro Källman Södertälje Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) 981 König, Cl. Stockholm Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Horse Riding Comp.

Lagerberg, A. O. Athletics Comp. Lagerkrantz, F. Nation-host for Great Britain. Lagerlöf, L. Official, Cycling Comp. Landegren, V. Nation-host for Servia. Lander, A. Kungsör Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Landqvist, Otto Enköping Comp. Langborg, Gunnar Stockholm Larka, Torston Rowing Larsson, C. Cycling Larsson, David Södertälje (Control Comm.) Larsson, Gustaf Comp. Larsson, Josef Stockholm Swimming Cycling Larsson, S. D. Member of Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Rowing Comp. Larsson, Sigurd Gothenburg Athletics de Laval, P. Stockholm Fencing Leander, H. Memb. of Press Comm. Lennholm, N. Official, Cycling Comp. Lewenhaupt, C. G. Memb. of Horse Riding Comm. Modern Penta. Lewenhaupt, Claes Katrineholm Pres. Big Game Shooting Comm. Official, Shooting Comp. Levander, I. Stockholm Lawn Tennis Comp. Levin, Astley Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Pres. Medal & Badge Comm. Memb. of Finance Section. Levin, Ernst Official, Athletics Comp. Cycling Levin, Hugo Gothenburg Memb. of Athletics Comm. Official, Comp. Football Liberg, O. Eskilstuna Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lieberath, E. Gothenburg Gymnastics Comp. Lilja, A. Stockholm Pres. Entertainm. Comm. Lindbohm, H. E. Official, Fencing Comp. Lindeberg, Edv. Eskilstuna Cycling (Control Comm.) Lindencrona, G, C. A. Stockholm Rowing Comp. Memb. of Comm. Football Lindewald, E. W. Shooting Official, Comp. Lindforss, Th. Gymnastics Lindgren, Ernst Hufvudsta Swimming Lindh, Harald Stockholm Lindh, Sam Lindhe, E. Bålsta Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lindholm, G. W. M Stockholm Fencing Comp. Lindman, Alex. Stockholm Sec. Building Comm. Memb. of Press Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Lindman, H. Football Lindman, Th. Cycling Lindmark, G. H. Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Lindmark, Ivar Örebro Swimming Lindqvist, G. Mariefred Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.)

982 Lindqvist, Herman Enskede Official, Swimming Comp. Lindroth, Adolf Stockholm Nation-host for Portugal. Lindroth, B. Official, Shooting Comp. Lindström, E. Swimming Lindström, Harald Karlskrona Wrestling Linnander, A. H. Bålsta Cycling (Control Comm.) Linnér, S. N. Stockholm Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comp. Finance Section. Comm. Lithander, L. Official, Rowing Comp. Littorin, B. E. Memb. of Gymnastics Comm. Official, Comp. Swimming Littorin, Konrad Örebro Memb. of Comm. Official, Comp. Ljungberg, Fritz Brussels Ljungberg, Gottfrid Bålsta Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Ljungberg, Karl Stockholm Memb. of Yacht Racing Comm. Official, Comp. Ljunggren, Adolf Jönköping Athletics Comp. Ljunggren, Erik Rowing Ljunggren, Nils Stockholm Pres. Comm. Official, Comp. Ljunggren, Thure Ljungquist, Henric Athletics Ljungquist, C. G. Cycling Lomm, E. E. Sec. Finance Section. Comm. Lund, A. Kolbäck Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lundberg, Anna Stockholm Gymnastics Comp. Lundberg, C. O. Jönköping Horse Riding Lundberg, Emil Stockholm Memb. of Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Lundblad, Carl Mariefred Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lundblad, P. Visby Gymnastics Comp. Lundell, H. Stockholm Athletics Lundgren, E. Bålsta Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lundgren, Nils Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. Sec. Reception Comm. Lundin, E. Bålsta Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Lundin, J. A Uppsala Comp. Lundin, L. Bålsta (Control Comm.) Lundqvist, Nils Stockholm Athletics Comp. Lundqvist, Victor Swimming Lundvik, Martin Athletics Låftman, Sven Memb. of Comm. Official, Comp. Memb. of Comm. Exec. Löfgren, Charles Örebro Official, Comp. Löfgren, G. Stockholm Memb. of Gymnastics Comm. Official, Comp. Löfvenius, E. Norrköping Lönnberg, Einar Stockholm Memb. of Jury for Big Game Shooting Comp. Lönnegren, J. A. Berlin Swimming Comm. Reception Comm. Löwenadler, C. O. Smålands Anne- Athletics Comm. berg Official, Comp. Löwenadler, Fredrik Henley-on- Thames Memb. of Swed. Olympic Comm. Hon. Pres. Rowing Comm. Pres. Intern. Jury for Rowing Comp.

983 Löwenadler, P. Jönköping Official, Horse Riding Comp. Löwenthal, J. Stockholm Memb. of Press Comm. Magnusson, J. Rowing Official, Comp. Magnusson, O. Lund Lawn Tennis Comp. Mally, T. Gothenburg Swimming Malmgren, Gösta Ystad Malmkvist, E. Stockholm Cycling Malmros, G. J. C. Fencing Malmström, Hedvig Gymnastics Malmström, Karl Gothenburg Swimming Malmström, William Malmö Wrestling Mannerhjerta, N. Linköping Gymnastics Mannerståhle, K. Ystad Horse Riding Maule, J. Stockholm Mauritzi, C. P. London Swimming Meissner, Hjalmar Stockholm Memb. of Jury for Music Comp. Melin, A. Gothenburg Official, Football Comp. Melin, E. Stockholm Memb. of Shooting Comm. Meurlin, S. Official, Athletics Comp. Moberg, C. Ludv. Moberg, G. Gymnastics Modin, B. Gäfle Football Molin, Edvin Stockholm Memb. of Advertis. Comm. Molin, Gustaf Hälsingborg Rowing Comm. Morales, Olallo Stockholm Jury for Music Comp. Mossberg, G. Official, Shooting Comp. Munck, B. Malmö Horse Riding Comp. Memb. of Comm. Murray, A. Stockholm Reception Comm. Murray, Walter Swed. Olymp. Comm. Finance Section Comm. Mårtenson, H. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Möller, Sven Swimming Rowing Naess, H. Th. Nathorst, A. G. Memb. of Jury for Big Game Shooting Comp. Nauckhoff Strängnäs Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Nerman, Einar Stockholm Pres. Gymnastics Comm. Official, Comp. Memb. of Intern. Jury for Gymnastics. Nicklasson, Gustaf Official, Athletics Comp. Nilsson, E. Cycling (Control Comm.) Nilsson, Lambert. Köping Norbäck, H. G. Stockholm Fencing Nordberg, A. G. Athletics Nordenström, S. A. Fencing Nordh, Oscar Malmö Wrestling (Control Comm.) Nordvaeger, A. Strängnäs Cycling Noring, Hugo Gothenburg Athletics Numa, H. Stockholm Rowing Nyberg, Felix Yacht Racing Comp. Nyberg, G. Cycling Comp. Nyberg, Knut Falun Athletics Nyblæus, G. Stockholm Pres. Intern. Jury for Horse Rid. Comp. Nygren, A. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Nyqvist Eric Nation-host for Hungary. Nyström, Gunnar Official, Athletics Comp.

Ohlson, C. G. Uppsala Horse Riding Comp. 984 Ohlson, O. Visby Official, Horse Riding Comp. Ohlsson, John Eskilstuna Athletics Comp. Memb. of Football Comm. Finance Comm. Technical Ohlsson, John Malmö Wrestling Ohrling, G. Stockholm Football Finance Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Memb. of Football Techn. Comm. Olofsson, K. Official, Cycling Comp. Olsson, Harold Saltsjöbaden Rowing Olsson, John Södertälje Cycling (Control Comm.) Olson, John Malmö Wrestling Comp. Olsson, Magnus Örebro Swimming Olsson, Märta Stockholm Olsson, Simon Hallsberg Athletics Oxenstierna, E. C. G. Stockholm Pres. Horse Riding Comm.

Pallin, E. Stockholm Sec. Press Comm. Memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Palm, Ernst Malmö Wrestling Palm, N. Västerås Shooting Palmborg, Harry Stockholm Athletics Palmqvist, Maria Gymnastics Palmstierna, N. Memb. of Horse Riding Comm. Official, Comp. Paulsson, G. Landskrona Rowing Comp. Peil, Ernst, A. Malmö Pehrson, S. Kungsör Cycling (Control Comm.) Personne, C. B. Stockholm Fencing Comp. Peterson, Erik Memb. of Press Comm. Petre, R. F. Advertis. Comm. Pettersson, Albin Köping Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Pettersson, Axel Stockholm Comp. Pettersson, Eli Pettersson, Emil Swimming Comp. Pettersson, F. Memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Petterson, Henrik Yacht Racing Comp. Pettersson, J. Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Pettersson, J. W. Comp. Pettersson, K. A. Athletics Philipson, J. Norrköping Memb. of Horse Riding Comm. Philipson, O. Eksjö Official, Comp. Piper, C. Fr. Malmö von Platen, C. Stockholm Gymnastics Comp. Platen, C. G. Pres. Intern. Jury for Fencing Comp. Platin, C. F. Adj. memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Poppius, G. Nation-host for Canada. Poss, Paul E. Official, Swimming Comp. Poss, David P:son Athletics Prollius, O. Södertälje Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.)

Ramel, F. Stockholm Memb. of Reception Comm. Finance Section. Comm. Ramsten, Gunnar Official, Swimming Comp. Ramström, C. Memb. of Entertainm. Comm. Ramström, Sven Falun Official, Athletics Comp. 985 Regnell, L. Stockholm Official, Swimming Comp. Rettig, P. Cycling Richter, August Lund Swimming Ringstrand, Arvid Norrköping Athletics Rodhe, C. Gothenburg Rosen, Clarence v. Stockholm Memb. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Horse Riding Rosen, R. von. Intern. Jury for Horse Rid. Comp. Rosengren, Karl Th. Gothenburg Official, Athletics Comp. Rosin, Axel Stockholm Nation-host for Bohemia. Rudberg, C. Lysekil Official, Athletics Comp. Rude, A. Stockholm Cycling Rudenschöld, Th. Horse Riding Comp. Rundberg, Herman Athletics Runeborg, Gunnar Swimming Rydén, M. Cycling Rydstrand, N. F. Ystad Horse Riding Rålamb, S. Stockholm Memb. of Shooting Comm. Official, Comp. Rönström, W. Yacht Racing Comp.

Salchow, Ulrich Sec. Rowing Comm. Memb. of Press Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Rowing Memb. of Intern. Jury for Rowing Comp. Salmson, B. Official, Horse Riding Comp. Salmson, E. Adj. memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Salmson, Walter Samsioe, C. G. Linköping Athletics Samuelsson, Ernest Gothenburg Sandberg, Carl Memb. of Wrestling Comm. Official, Comp. Sandborg, Edvin Stockholm Memb. of Athletics Comm. Exec. Official, Athletics Comp. Memb. of Football Comm. Pres. Fin. Sect. Memb. of Technic. Comm. Sandeberg, F. af Swed. Olymp. Comm. Finance Section. Sandell, G. Jönköping Official, Horse Riding Comp. Sandqvist, David Stockholm Wrestling Comp. Santesson, B. Eskilstuna Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Schantz, Ragnar Stockholm Swimming Comp. Scharnhorst, Julius Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Scherstén, O. Djursholm Swimming Comp. Schidorsky, L. Stockholm Cycling Schnell, C. G. Umeå Horse Riding Comp. Scholander, Torkel Stockholm Nation-host for Japan. Schubert, Hugo Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Schumacher, W. Shooting Comp. Schwerin, Ph. von Eksjö Athletics Schånberg, L. B. Jönköping Rowing Athletics Schöntal, A. R. Stockholm Rowing Sederbaum, F. Strängnäs Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Segebaden, G. von Djursholm Comp. Seger, Alex. Stockholm Swimming Comp. 986 Seger, Mauritz Stockholm Official, Swimming Comp. Seldener, Herman Memb. of Press Comm. Sellin, C. E. Official, Cycling Comp. Setterberg, C. Oskar Fredriks- borg Gymnastics Comp. Shannong, Mia Stocksund Silfverskiöld, P. O . Moscow Nation-host for Russia. Silfversparre, C. Stockholm Memb. of Building Comm. Official, Cycling Comp. Silfverstolpe, C. Memb. of Modem Penta. Comp. Reception Comm. Intern. Jury for Athletics Comp. Intern. Jury for Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Modern Penta. Comp. Silfverstolpe, L. Lawn Tennis Silow, C. Stockholm Fencing Comp. Sjöberg, Ernst Köping Cycling (Control Comm.) Sjöberg, Ernfrid Sandhamn Yacht Racing Comp. Sjöberg, F. A. Sjöberg, Th. Järfva Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Sjöblom, P. Stockholm Football Comp. Sjögren, N. Cycling Sjögreen, O. Norrköping Memb. of Shooting Comm. Official, Comp. Sjöholm, P. A. Gothenburg Wrestling Skjöld, Nore Mölnbo Nation-host for South Africa. Smedmark, Sune Stockholm Memb. of Athletics Comm. Ex. Comm. Official, Comp. Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Smith, E. A. Official, Yacht Racing Comp. Sohlman, Harald Memb. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Sorbon, David Södertälje Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Sparre, A. A:son Stockholm Lawn Tennis Comp. Spens, Harald Uppsala Nation-host for Italy. Staaf, K. G. Stockholm Official, Athletics Comp. Stackell, E. Östersund Horse Riding Comp. Staël von Holstein, C. G. Ystad Stamsö, K. K. Malmö Memb. of Rowing Comm. Official, Comp. Stendahl, A. Fridlef Paris Swimming Stendahl, Najme Gäfle Memb. of Swimming Reception Comm. Stierngranat, M. L. Stockholm Nation-host for U. S. A. Storm, A. Danderyd Vice-Pres- Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Stranne, J. S. Stockholm Fencing Stålhand, Joh. Yacht Racing Sund, Karl Kolbäck Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Sundell, Y. Stockholm Fencing Comp. Swahn, Alf. Rosenhill-Täby Memb. of Shooting Comm. Swahn, O. G. Stockholm Svenson, Albin Köping Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Svensson, Arvid Svensson, Filip Gothenburg Athletics Svensson, Hj. Stockholm Cycling Swedlund, G. Gäfle Gymnastics Comp. Sydow, K. von Gothenburg Horse Riding Söderberg, E. A. Strängnäs Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) 987 Söderberg, E. Stockholm Official, Swimming Comp. Söderberg, G. Enköping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Söderqvist, O. F. Västerås Söderström, Bruno Stockholm Memb. of Athletics Comm. Ex. Comm. Official, Comp. Söderström, Gustaf Norsborg

Taube, C. E. Stockholm Pres. Shooting Comm. Vice-pres. Modern Penta. Comm. Official, Comp. Pres. Jury for Shooting Comp. Tauvon, A. Bålsta Official, Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Ternström, Gustaf Stockholm Nation-host for Switzerland. Tham, V. Official, Athletics Comp. Thisell, Nore Memb. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Exec. Comm. Accom. Comm. Athletics Ex. Comm. Thomas, A. V. Swimming Reception Comm. Official, Comp. Thorén, Per Thorsell, Erik Gothenburg Athletics Thorslund, Ivar Västerås Swimming Thulin, Arthur Enköping Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Thulin, J. G. Lund Fencing Comp. Thulin, O. Gothenburg Football Torén, G. Djursholm Memb. of Horse Riding Comm. Trägårdh, C. Stockholm Sec. Tägtström, I. Memb. of Fencing Comm. Official, Comp. Törnebladh, Carl Yacht Racing Comp. Törnequist, John Memb. of Press Comm. Törsleff, A. Official, Lawn Tennis Comp. Törsleff, Thor Nation-host for Belgium.

Uggla, Axel Karlskrona Official, Athletics Comp. Uggla, G. G:son Stockholm Memb. of Swed. Olymp. Comm. Ex. Comm. Press Comm. Vice-pres. Athletics Comm. Pres. Athletics Comm.’s. Exect. Comm. Official, Comp. Memb. of Techn. Section. Modern Penta. Comm. Ullén, C. A. Sec. Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Ullén, Erik Pres. Mountain Ascents Comm. Ulrich, A. Säter Memb. of Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Unander, Victor Stockholm Nation-host for Greece. Official, Shooting Comp.

Wagner, Fredr. Yacht Racing Comp. Wahlberg, David Press Commissioner. Wahlqvist, O. W. Memb. of Accom. Comm. Wahlqvist, W. Official, Shooting Comp.

988 Wahlstedt, A. Stockholm Official, Athletics Comp. Cycling Waldenström, Frans Rowing Valentin, Oscar Athletics Wallenberg, Vict. Shooting Wallenberg, A. Pres. Lawn Tennis Comm. Wallenius, K. Uppsala Official, Gymnastics Comp. Wallsten, Gustaf Jönköping Rowing Wannberg, G. Eksjö Horse Riding Warelius, Stellan Stockholm Memb. af Wrestling Comm. Official, Comp. Wennerholm, A. Lawn Tennis Wennerholm, J. Horse Riding Wennerström, Gunnar Swimming Werkmäster, John Falun Athletics Werner, C. Stockholm Yacht Racing Werner, H. Västerås Fencing Wersäll, Adolf Stockholm Athletics Westergren, Hj. Norrköping Football Westerling, S. Stockholm Horse Riding Westin, L. Kungsör Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Westin, M. Stockholm Athletics Comp. Cycling Wibom, T. Rosersberg Athletics Wiborgh, G. A. Stockholm Horse Riding Comp. Videman, Sigurd Swimming Wiedesheim-Paul, G. Malmö Horse Riding Wiggberg, R. Stockholm Cycling Wigh, Gustaf Rowing Wijkander, W. Bålsta Cycling Comp. (ControlComm.) Wilton, R. Stockholm Yacht Racing Comp. Winroth, Arne Nation-host for Chili. Winroth, G. Karlberg Official, Gymnastics Comp. Wirström, A. Stockholm Rowing Wirström, S. Wollgarth, A. Hj. Memb. of Tug-of-War Comm. Official, Athletics Comp. Wrede, Fab. F:son Lidingö Treasurer, Horse Riding Comm. Wretman, G. Stockholm Memb. of Modern Penta. Comm. Swimming Comm. Official, Comp. Wretman, Helmer Wåhlander, G. Uppsala Cycling

Ydén, Set Södertälje Comp. (Control Comm.)

Zetterlund, V. Vaxholm Memb. of Rowing Comm. Official, Comp. Zetterberg, Kurt Stockholm Sec. Lawn Tennis Comm. Official, Comp.

Åfeldt, Svante Ystad Athletics Åhlin, A. Eskilstuna Cycling Comp. (Control Comm.) Åhman, C. Gösta Gothenburg Athletics Comp. Åkerblom, Simon Eskilstuna Football Åkerman, J. Stockholm Horse Riding Comp. Åkerstedt, S. Tumba Memb. of Cycling Comm. Official, Comp. Åkesson, R. Stockholm

989 Ålund, C. W. Uppsala Official Fencing Comp. Åsbrink, Gustaf Stockholm Memb. of Advertis. Comm.

Öfverström, H. Official, Cycling Comp. Öhngren, A. Athletics Östberg, N. F. Nation-host for Australasia. Östlund, P. A. Official, Cycling Comp.

990 LIST OF FOREIGN JOURNALISTS AT THE GAMES.

AUSTRALASIA. Cunningham, C. S. Melbourne Argus Melbourne. Hill, James Sidney Morning Herald Sydney.

AUSTRIA. Dregiewicz, T. Abendblatt Lemberg. Graf, Felix Neue Freie Presse Vienna. Hack, Karl Körpersport im Wort und Bild Hänsler, Em. Allgemeine Sportzeitung Koetschke Die Zeit Netreffo, Otto Telegrafen Bureau Pfeiffer, Hans Die Zeit Spaette, W. Erich Linzer Post Linz. Valentin, A. Vienna. Wraschtil, H. Sport Korrespondentz Bureau

BELGIUM. Boin, Victor Le Petit Bleu du Matin Brussels. Grégoire, Fils La Chronique

BOHEMIA. Kalva, Jar. Narodui Politika Prague. Kraus, H. A. Prager Tageblatt und Bohe- mia Paukowski, E. Prager Bohemia Taussig, Rudolf Prager Tageblatt

CANADA. Lanctôt, Gustave La Presse Montreal Montreal.

DENMARK. Aabye, E. Politiken Copenhagen. Christensen, J. Idraetten Diemer, Anders, M. Berlingske Tidende Diemer, Asmus Köbenhavn Gottlieb, J. C. Kristeligt Dagblad Graucob, P. Verden og Vi Gulman Nationaltidende Hübscher, A. Idraetten

991 Högmark, Fred Jysk Morgenblad Aarhus. Jensen, K. Idraetten Copenhagen. Lomberg-Nielsen, N. Mrs. Ugens Tilskuer Melchior, H. E. Politiken Meyer, A. C. Social Demokraten Middlebo, A. Aftenbladet Dr. Möller Sportsbladet Nielsen, A. R. Riget Nielsen-Nyberg, N. C. Sorö Amtstidende Slagelse. Nyblom, C. G. Ny Ill. Tidende Copenhagen. Schmidt, Eugen Aalborgs Amtstidende Aalborg. Seedorff, H. H. Dansk Pressebureau Copenhagen. Voyd-Jörgensen, T. Aarhus Stiftstidende Wannberg, Helge Politiken

FINLAND. Blomberg, Aug. Åbo Underrättelser Åbo. Flander, Astrid, Mrs. Dagens Tidning Helsingfors. Flander, W. Dagens Tidning Halme, J. Uusi Suometar Krogerus, Valter Tammerfors Nyheter Tammerfors. Linderoos, A. Finskt Idrottsblad Helsingfors. Mosinen, M. Karjala Wiborg. Oksanen, J. Kaiku Uleåborg. Pusinen, O. Socialisti Åbo. Roilo, J. Työmies Helsingfors. Soinio, K. Helsinkin Sanomat Strandberg, S. Furun Sanomat Åbo. Valarne, T. Aamulethi Tammerfors. Westerholm, Uno Hufvudstadsbladet Helsingfors. Wilskman, Jarl Vasabladet Wasa. Woutia, A. Suomen Urheiluletti Helsingfors.

FRANCE. Adams-Ray, E. The Continental Daily Mail Paris. Borgh, Th. Le Figaro Champs, Paul L’ Auto Eliason, Léo Le Soleil Eliason, M:me Le Petit Niçois Nice. Etzel, E. Le Matin Paris. Glarner, A. Excelsior Guérin, R. Le Matin Hébertot, J. L'Aéro Heyman, H. de Lafreté, G. L’Echo de Paris Légal, E. Phare de la Loire Nantes. Prade, Georges Le Journal Paris Puaux, R. Le Temps Rousseau, Paul Le Temps Rozet, Georges L’Opinion

GERMANY. Backman, H...... Süddeutsche Sportzeitung ...... Karlsruhe. Berna, M...... Berliner Lokalanzeiger ...... Berlin. Blomquist, G...... Vossische Zeitung ...... » Brandt, M...... Sportliche Rundschau...... » Braun ...... Fussball ...... Munich. Bräuel, Paul ...... Spiel, und Sport ...... Danzig. Diem, Carl ...... Berliner Lokalanzeiger ...... Berlin. 992 Dierking, Karl Scherls Ill. Zeitungen Berlin. Dörr, W. Frankfurter Zeitung Frankfurt. Freitag, R. Der Deutsche Schwimmer Stuttgart. Friedrich, H. Rad und Auto Berlin. Glückermann Schlesische Zeitung Breslau. Groh, Fritz Deutsche Turnzeitung Leipzig. Hallama, G. Schlesische Zeitung Breslau. Herold, E. Münchener Neueste Nachrich- ten Munich. Jaeschke, A. Münstersche Zeitung Münster. Kilian, O. Kölnische Zeitung Cologne. Köhler, Fr. General Anzeiger Dortmund. Lahrsen, Paul Eutin i. Holstein. Loening, Arthur Nordland Berlin. Loenne, W. Westdeutsche Presse Düsseldorf. Lönnegren, John Berlin. Dr. Malwitz Berliner Tageblatt Markus, Carl Fussball und Leichtathletik Martens, Walther Stettiner Neueste Nachrichten Stettin. Maschke, Th. Prof. Schlesische Zeitung Breslau. Meynen, Paul Leipziger Neueste Nachrichten Leipzig. Möser, Max Berliner Zeitung am Mittag Berlin. Nierich, Max Arbeiter Turn-Zeitung Leipzig. Riecken Berliner Volkblatt Berlin. Rothe, Paul Deutsche Warte von Salzgeber Der Sport Schmülling, Jr, Carl Tempelhofer Vorort Zeitung Tempelhof. Sommerfelt, Th. Prof. Die Hygiene Berlin. Spiller, Carl, Dr Vollblut Zucht und Rennen Stempel, R. C. Kölnische Volks-Zeitung Cologne. Struckmann Illustrierter Sport Berlin. von Vagenheim, Freiherr. Neue Preussische Kreuz- Zeitung Volderauer, Rich. Badische Presse Karlsruhe. Wagener, Eugen Berliner Zeitung am Mittag Berlin. Waitzer, Joseph Illustrierte Sportzeitung Munich. Walter, Rud. Wolffs Bureau Berlin.

GREAT BRITAIN. Adam, George Reuter’s Office London. Adam, George, Mrs Truth Barnes-Stevani, W. Authors Club Bernett, Marshall Sheffield Daily Telegraph Sheffield. Binks, Joe News of the World London. Colvill, R. A. Express & Echo Exeter. Fair, W. J. The Central News, Ltd London. Fowler-Dixon, C. D. Athletic News Agency George, A. B. Sports News Agency George, W. G. The Budget Henry, William The Evening News Hetcher, J. E. The Ill. Sporting & Dramatic News Hodson, B. J. The Central News, Ltd Hulton Sporting Chronicle Manchester. Johnsson, A. E. The Graphic London. Nickalls, Guy The Morning Post Monks, S. J. The Evening News Moss, P. J. The Daily Mirror Mussabiri, L. A. The Daily Telegraph

63 Fifth Olympiad. 993 Page, A. H. The Sportsman London. Parker, W. A. Glasgow News Glasgow. Phillips, P. The Daily Express London. Robinson H. Perry The Times Samuel, John The Glasgow Herald Glasgow. Short, W. P. Edinburgh Evening Despatch Edinburgh. Sinclair, W. L. Athletic News Manchester. Smith, C. Stewart Health & Strength London. Thomas, W. Beach The Daily Mail Wagstaffe-Simmons, G. The Sporting Life

HOLLAND. Bruna, Jan J. De Nieuwe Courant Amsterdam. Dietovis, C. A. Maasbode Rotterdam. Hoogesseger, J. T. Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Cou- rant Humme, A. A. Nieuwe Rotterdamsche Cou- rant Levie, M. Dr. Groningen Dagbladet Groningen. Nyland, G. J. Algemeen Handelsblad Amsterdam. Phzu, Haryette De Telegraaf Vijnberg, A. V. Groningen Dagbladet Groningen.

HUNGARY. Antal, Alexander Az Ujsaj Buda Pesth. Balint, A. Fügettler Maygodoslag Barlay, O. Sport Vilag Benet, Stephanie, Miss Politisches Volkblatt Bing, E. Astes Politisches Volkblatt Biro, D. Nepozava Dirsztay, Gedeon, Baron Sport Hirlap Földessy, F. Magyar Hirlap Gillemot, F. Az Est Goldscheider, N. A Nap Halper, K. Ropia Neues Pester Journal Herendi, A. Az Misaj Herman, G. Dr. Tesnesvari Hirlap Izolai, I. Magyar Estilap Izso, L. Pesti Hirlap Kis, G. Budapesti Hirlap Kohn, Emerich Neues Budapester Abendblatt Kondor, Alfred Uj Idók Kondor, Alfred, M:me Uj Idók Laszlo, S. Magyarodozay Lazar, F. Pesti Hirlap Magyor, Karoly Magyar Nemzet Neuwelt, E. Uj Hirck Pasztór, A. Az Est Polonyi, D. Nemzeti Sport Speide, Z. Dr. Sport Hirlap Vida, H. Budapester Presse

ITALY. Balestriere, Arturo Sports Atletici, Gazetta Sport Milan. Ballerini, F. Agenzia Stefani Rome. Benfratello, John Corriere di Sicilia Palermo. Boite, A. Prof. L’Independente Rome. Francesco, F. Messagero Rome. 994 Guazzini, L. La Nazione Rome. Guerra, Romano Giornale d’Italia Lantieri, F. Sport Italiano New York. Scarabelli, P. Stampa Sportiva Turin. Speciale, P. L’Ora Palermo. Toffaletti, Ugo Il Secolo Milan. Touetti, F. Corriere della Sera

JAPAN. Mr. Oi Tokio. Mr. Omori Mr. Oki Tsuchiya The Osaka Mainichi Shimbun. Osaka.

NORWAY. Bruzelius, Hj. Morgenposten Christiania. Durban-Hansen, H. Tidens Tegn Fjeldvig, B. Idraetsfolk Trondhjem. Frich, O. R. Örebladet Christiania. Froisland Aftenposten Mrs. Hemberg Morgenbladet Klingenberg, Captain sport Kvale, T. Trondhjems Adresseavis Trondhjem. Mo, Carl Norska Socialdemokraten Christiania. Ottesen, E., Miss Ny tid Trondhjem. Thorp, G. S. Norsk Idraetsblad Christiania. Welhaven, Gerda Mrs. Dagbladet Welle-Strand, Edv. Bergens Aftenblad Bergen.

PORTUGAL. Carreo, Fernando O Intransigente Lisbon. Vital, Joaquim Os Sporte RUSSIA. de Belocha, M. Ziemstchina St. Petersburg. von Hagen, A. Rigasche Zeitung Riga. Janowsky-Janschewsky, J. Rigas Avise Kallas, Oscar, Dr. Postimeas Dorpat. Klosnik-Janusjowsky, Z. Wedrowiec Swow. von Kügelgen St Petersburg-Zeitung St. Petersburg. Kühn, Alfred Rigasche Rundschau Riga. Linemuth, A. Rigaer Tageblatt Rowrokowsky, Alex. Metropolis Gossips Moscow. de Stieglitz Novoje Wremja St. Petersburg. Stumburg, I Dsimtenes Wehtstnesis Riga. Tiraspolskaja, Raisse, M:me. Retch St. Petersburg. Trum, George Kraft und Gesundheit Tönson, Leopold Tallina Teataja Reval. Vartasarianz, Leon Horison Tiflis.

SOUTH AFRICA. Keartlard, H. B. Cape Argus Cape Town.

SPAIN. Juncosa, J. C. y. La vue de Catalunya Barcelona. de Perca, R. Estedez Heraldo de Madrid Madrid.

995 SWITZERLAND. Gandard, V. La Gazette de Lausanne Lausanne. Moeschlin, Felix Baseler Nachrichten Basle. Rüegg, Ja Verlag des “Football” Zürich. Wagner, Julius Ill. Zeitschrift für Sport und Touristik U. S. A. Albertanti, Frank New York Evening Mail New York. Andersson, Karl G. Svenska-Tribunen Nyheter Armfelt, G., Baron America, The Catholic Review Axelson, J. W. Chicago Record Herald Chicago. Bonde, Emil, J. Svensk-Amerikanska Familje- Journalen Evanston, Ill. Borgström, William Nordstjärnan New York. Collins R. M. Associated Press Durkin, Martin T. The Editorial Review Ekdahl, Sigurd The Milwaukee Leader Milwaukee. Florén, J. C. Lindsborgs Posten Lindsborg. Hallahan, John H. The Boston Herald Boston. Hyde, Louis B. The Detroit Free Press Detroit. Irwin, William Colliers National Weekly New York. Mitchell, James The New York Herald Norberg, Thor Svenska Amerikanaren Chicago. Rell, E. P. The Chicago Daily News Reynolds, Howard The Boston Post Boston. Robertson L. Evening World New York. Royd, E. The New York American Rushnell, E. R. The New York Tribune Shepherd, W. G. United Press Stern, F. E. Saturday Evening Post Svensson, Sven Vestkusten San Francisco. Tewson, W. O. The New York Times New York. Valentine, Howard The Globe Whelan, Paul W. The New York Sun Williams, Ch. W. The New York American Yarrow, E. A. The New York Independent

996 NUMBER OF JOURNALISTS AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES.

997 RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPETITIONS. ATHLETICS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be organized by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Ath- letics appointed by the Svenska Idrottsförbundet (Swedish Amateur Athletic Asso- ciation.) 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition: An amateur is one who has never: a) competed for a money prize or a monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; b) competed against a professional; c) taught in any branch of athletics for payment; d) sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition. 3. Each competitor shall wear a jersey with short sleeves and drawers to the knees, and shall also have on back and front during competiton a distinctive number corresponding to the number in the programme assigned to him by ballot. 4. A competitor who wilfully jostles, runs across, or obstructs another competitor is disqualified from that competition, and forfeits the right to any prize that he would otherwise have been entitled to. 5. The respective stations of the competitors shall be decided by ballot. In races, the starting position of the competitors is, moreover, decided in the same way immediately before starting, the lowest number being placed on the far left. 6. No attendant shall accompany any competitor on the arena or during the race; nor shall any competitor be allowed, without the permission of the judges, to receive assistance or refreshment from anyone during the progress of a race. This rule applies also to the Marathon Race. 7. Only acting officials and those who are taking part in a competition actually in progress may remain in the arena of the Stadium.

Running and Walking. I. GENERAL RULES. a) All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. All questions concerning the start shall be decided by the starter. When on the mark, no competitor shall touch the ground in front of the scratch- line with any part of his body. b) The running track shall be measured 30 cm. from the inside edge. c) The direction of running will be against the sun, left hand inside.

II. SPECIAL RULES. 100 and 200 metres Flat. The start shall be made on the following words of command: "Intag Edra platser” (On your marks!); “Färdiga” (Ready!), and then, when all are quite in order, the pistol shall be fired. In the first round, those coming in first and second in each heat shall be allowed to run in the second round. In the second round, which consists of six heats, the winners only shall have the right to start in the final. 1001 When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various lanes on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the said orderly the number he has drawn, and the competitors in each heat shall be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be run a second time unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another competitor. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If a protest is admitted, the heat in question shall be re-run by all the competitors with the exception of the one that wilfully hindered the other competitor. 400 and 800 metres Flat. The first and second men in each preliminary heat are qualified for the semi- final. In the 400 metres race, the winner in each semi-final is entitled to start in the final and in the 800 metres race the three best men in each semi-final are entitled to start in the final. When the signal has been given to begin the competition and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various lanes on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. The orderly, immediately after lots have been drawn, shall order the functionaries at the notice-board to put the number of the heat highest up, and, under this, the numbers of the runners from left to right, in the order in which they are to stand in accordance with the lots drawn. The orderly shall also see that the numbers are fastened to the right trouser-leg of the competitors. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be run a second time unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner that has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If a protest is admitted, the heat in question shall be re-run by all the competitors with the exception of the one that wilfully hindered the other competitor. 1,500, 5,000 and 10,000 metres Flat. The first and second men in each preliminary heat of the 1,500 metres are qualified for the final. In the 5,000 metres, the first three in each preliminary heat, and, in the 10,000 metres running and the 10,000 metres walking races, the first 5 in the preliminary heats shall be allowed to start in the final. When the signal has been given to begin the competition and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner shall give the orderly the number he has drawn, and the competitors in each heat shall be so placed that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. 1002 Immediately after lots have been drawn by the competitors in one heat, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be re-run unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another competitor. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner that has hindered another competitor has done so intentionally or unintentionally. A competitor who wilfully hinders another competitor shall be excluded from the competition, so that, if the incident happens in a preliminary heat, the offender shall not have the right to take part in the final, even if he has otherwise qualified for it and if the incident takes place during the final, the offender shall not be awarded any prize which he would otherwise have gained.

Marathon Race. a) The Marathon Race will be run on a high-road, with start and finish in the Stadium. b) Each competitor must send with his entry a medical certificate of fitness, and must further undergo a medical examination, immediately previous to the start, by the Swedish Olympic Committee’s official doctors, who pass the competitors or ad- vise them not to start. c) No competitor, either at the start or during the progress of the race, may take any so-called drugs, on pain of immediate disqualification.

Hurdle Race, 110 metres. On every course there shall be 10 hurdles, 1,06 metres high, with a distance between each flight of 9,14 metres. The top rail of the hurdles shall be fixed fast to the upright supports. The distance from the scratch mark to the first hurdle shall be 13,72 metres, from the last hurdle to the winning post 14,02 metres. In the first round, the first two in each heat shall be allowed to run in the second round. In the final there shall run the 6 competitors who have won the six intermediate heats. When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the runners in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses on the track (special celluloid tubes shall be employed for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed, that the runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of. the track which lies farthest to the left, and so on. When the pistol has been fired, the heat must not be re-run unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each special case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor has done so intentionally or unintentionally.

Walking Race, 10,000 metres. The competitors shall be divided into 2 heats, the best 5 from each heat taking part in the final. Each judge of the course has the right to decide whether a competitior is walking fairly or not, and can, without any previous warning, exclude a competitor from further participation in the competition. The rules for correct (fair) walking are: “The tips of the toes of the rear foot shall not be lifted from the ground before the instant that the heel of the front foot touches it. The legs shall be extended at each step taken, and the body shall be carried erect.” 1003 In other respects the same regulations shall apply as those in force for long distance running. Relay Race, 400 and 1,600 metres. The course shall be divided into four parts, each 100 metres long (in the case of the 1,600 metres’ race, each part shall be 400 metres long). Unless the baton is carried by the members of the various relays from start to winning-post, the running of the team in question will not be valid, in addition to which, the baton must be passed on within a distance of 20 metres, which is marked with chalked lines. In the first round, the winning team is allowed to run in the second round, and the three winning teams in the second round shall take part in the final. This rule just stated is for the 400 metres’ relay race. In the case of the 1,600 metres’ relay race, the winner in each heat shall be entitled to take part in the final. There are only 3 teams in the final. The composition of the team must not be changed after a trial heat has been run. When the signal has been given to begin the competition, and the first runners of each team in each heat are assembled at the start, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall at once see that lots are drawn for the various courses (special celluloid tubes shall be used for this purpose). Each runner gives the orderly the number he has drawn, and the runners in each heat shall be so placed that the first runner who has drawn the lowest number shall be stationed on that part of the track which is farthest to the left and so on. Immediately after lots have been drawn, the orderly shall ask for the return of the celluloid tubes, for the purpose of using them again in the drawing of lots for the next heat. When the pistol has been fired the heat must not be re-run unless: 1. The starter sees that he fired after one or more of the competitors had crossed the line too soon, or 2. one competitor purposely hinders another. The track-judge shall decide in each case whether a runner who has hindered another competitor, has done so intentionally or unintentionally. If it has been done wilfully, then the entire team to which the offender belongs is disqualified. A team is also disqualified if the baton has been handed over outside of the 20 metres’ limit (i. e. a runner must not run to meet the bearer of the baton to a greater distance than to the limit-line which is marked). In the case of the 400 metres’ relay race, separate lanes are marked out by strings. In the case of the 1,600 metres’ relay there is one track, common to all the teams competing in the heat.

Team Race, 3,000 metres. The competition shall be divided into trial heats and a final race. The start shall be simultaneous. 5 men may run in each team, the first 3 men of each team to count. The team having the lowest aggregate of points will be declared the winner. In the event of a tie, the total time taken by the scoring three of each team shall decide. Cross-Country Race. a) The race will be over country of varying character on a course unknown to the competitors, to be marked out with red ribbons immediately before the start. b) The start and finish will be in the Stadium. c) The start shall be simultaneous. (This does not apply to the Cross-Country Race in the Modern Pentathlon, in which the competitors start singly, at intervals of 1 minute.)

1004 Jumping. SPECIAL RULES. Running High Jump. The competitors shall be divided into three groups. The competition shall start at a height of 160 centimetres and, at the tries, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale. cm.

and, after this, by a further 2 cm. at each try. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he choses above the minimum height, but having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps and thus forfeits his right to continue. A wooden bar will be used for the cross-piece. Neither a "saltomortal” nor a flying leap over the bar shall be permitted. By a “saltomortal” is meant a somersault over the bar, and by a flying leap, a jump over the bar, head and hands first, with the breast towards the bar, so that the upper part of the body comes to the ground first. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. If the competitor passes under the bar without having made a spring, this will not count as a jump, but three runs will be regarded as a full try. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. If two or more competitors tie at a jump in the finals, their order shall be decided by a re-jumping. All employment of weights is forbidden. The final competition, which shall take place the following day, and in which shall compete all who have cleared 183 cm., or such lower height as the leader of the competition may specially determine, shall be carried out in accordance with the same scale, with the exception, however, that the bar can be placed at other heights if all the competitors so desire. Trial jumps shall not be permitted. The jumpers shall be allowed to mark the take-off at pleasure, but they shall be obliged to remove the take-off mark they have made, immediately after they have jumped. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth, extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, this shall be raised; if both knock down the bar, it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar is raised still more, and so on, but only the result reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on the field before the competition has begun, he has the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors were jumping at, or had just jumped at, when he presented himself. Standing High Jump. The competitors shall, if necessary, be divided into three groups. The competition shall start with the bar at a height of 130 cm. and, after each try, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale: cm.

1005 and thereafter, by a further 2 cm. after each try. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he choses above the minimum height, but, having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps, and thus forfeits his right to continue. A wooden bar will be used for the cross-piece. Neither a “saltomortal” nor a flying leap over the bar shall be permitted. By a "saltomortal” is meant a somersault over the bar, and by a flying leap, a jump over the bar, head and hands first, with the breast towards the bar, so that the upper part of the body comes to the ground first. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. If two or more competitors tie in the finals, their order shall be determined by re-jumping. All employment of weights is forbidden. As soon as the competitor has made himself ready to spring, the following will be reckoned as a full try: If the right foot is lifted twice from the ground, If the left foot is lifted twice from the ground, If each foot in succession is lifted once, If the right foot is slid twice along the ground, If the left foot is slid twice along the ground, If each foot in succession is slid once along the ground, If the right foot is lifted once, and the left foot is slid once, If the right foot is slid once, and the left foot is lifted once, If the right foot is lifted once and is slid once, If the left foot is lifted once and is slid once. The finals will be held immediately and, if two or more groups had been formed, those competitors are now brought together into the final who, at the various competing places, have cleared 150 cm., or a lower height if this should prove to be necessary. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth, extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, it shall be raised; if both knock down the bar it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar shall be raised still more, and so on, but only the result reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on to the field before the competition has begun, he shall have the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors last jumped at, or were jumping at, when he presented himself.

Running Broad Jump.

The competitors shall be divided into groups, each of 15 men. Before the beginning of the competition, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall call over the names of all the competitors in every group. The length of the run is unlimited. The competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors who have obtained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man’s six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. If any competitor crosses the taking-off line and touches the ground in front of it with any part of his foot, or if he swerves to the side at the taking-off line, this jump shall not be measured, but shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the taking- off line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor’s body has touched the ground. 1006 After the groups have finished their jumps, those three competitors that have gained the best results shall at once go on to the final. If, after the conclusion of the first rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3:rd place, those who have made jumps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If, in the extra jump as well, some of the competitors should tie, another extra jump must be made. Each competitor is allowed one trial jump. This shall be made before any jump is made in the competition, and the competitors shall, preferably, execute this trial -jump in the order in which they are to compete. The competitors shall have the right to mark the taking-off place by means of marks in the run, but these marks must be removed immediately after each competitor has made his jump. If a competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in that order in which it stands on the programme, the judge shall call his name once more after a slight pause. If the competitor does not present himself when his name is thus called the second time, he shall lose his right to take part in that turn. Standing Broad Jump. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. As soon as the competitor has made himself ready to spring, the following shall be reckoned as a full try. If the right foot is lifted twice from the ground, If the left foot is lifted twice from the ground, If each foot in succession is lifted once, If the right foot is slid twice along the ground, If the left foot is slid twice along the ground, If each foot in succession is slid once along the ground, If the right foot is lifted once and the left foot is slid once, If the right is slid once and the left foot is lifted once, If the right foot is lifted once and is slid once, If the left foot is lifted once and slid once. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors that have obtained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man’s six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the tak ing-off line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor’s body has touched the ground. After the groups have finished their jumps, those three competitors who have gained the best results shall at once go on to the final. If, after the conclusion of the first rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3:rd place, those who have made jumps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If some of the competitors should tie in the extra jump as well, another extra jump must be made. Hop, Step and Jump. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. Only jumps with alternate feet will be counted. The length of the run is unlimited. If when changing feet, the free foot should happen to touch the ground, the jump will still be reckoned. Each competitor shall be allowed three jumps, and the three competitors who have gained the best results shall be allowed three more jumps. The best of each man’s six jumps shall determine the order of the three competitors. Ties in the hop, step and jump of the greatest length shall be decided by a new jump until a decision is reached. The results of these deciding jumps is only of importance as deciding the order in which the competitors who had tied are to be placed. If any competitor crosses the taking-off line, and touches the ground in front of it with any part of his foot, or if he swerves to the side at the taking-off line, 1007 this jump shall not be measured, but shall be counted against the competitor as one jump. The jump shall be measured at right angles from the outside edge of the taking-off line to the nearest spot where any part of the competitor’s body has touched the ground. After the groups have finished their jumps, those three competitors who have gained the best results shall go on at once to the final. If, after the conclusion of the trial rounds, two or more competitors tie for the 3:rd place, those who have made jumps of the same length shall make another jump, and the result of this extra jump shall decide which of these competitors is to take part in the final. If some of the competitors should tie in the extra jump as well, another extra jump must be made. Each competitor is allowed one trial jump. This shall be made before any jump is made in the competition, and the competitors shall, preferably, execute this trial jump in the order in which they are to compete. The competitors shall have the right to fix their leap by means of marks in the run, but these marks must be removed immediately after each competitor has made his jump. If a competitor is not present when the judges calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, the judge shall call his name once more after a slight pause. If the competitor does not present himself when his name is thus called the second time, he shall lose his right to take part in that turn. Pole Jump. The competition shall begin with the bar at a height of 300 centimetres, and, after each try, the bar shall be raised successively in accordance with the following scale: cm.

and, thereafter, by a further 5 cm. after each try. The competitor is allowed to mark the taking-off place as he likes, but he must remove the mark he may thus make, immediately after the execution of his jump. All those who clear 365 cm. are entitled to take part in the final. If it is necessary to have re-jumping for the purpose of determining the order of the prize-winners, the tie shall be determined by means of a fourth extra jump. If both or all the competitors in question clear the bar, this shall be raised; if both knock down the bar, it shall be lowered to the previous height, to be once more raised if this height be cleared. If the new height be cleared by all the competitors in question, the bar is raised still more, and so on, but only the results reached in the ordinary competition shall be recorded as the official figure. If a competitor does not come on to the field before the competition has begun, he shall have the right to compete, but he must begin at the height the other competitors were jumping at, when he presented himself, or the height next above that. Three jumps are allowed at each height, and a failure at the third attempt shall disqualify. A competitor may commence at any height he chooses above the minimum height, but, having done so, he must jump at every following height until he fails in three jumps and thus forfeits his right to continue. As soon as a competitor has made a spring upwards in order to jump, this will be counted as a try. If the competitors makes a run without a spring upwards, this shall not be counted as a jump, but three such runs shall be counted as a full try. A competitor has the right to use a hollow to help him in jumping. Neither at the moment when a competitor makes the jump, nor after he is in the air, may he place the lower hand above the upper one; neither may he shift the upper hand higher up the pole. 1008 A competitor has the right to use his own poles. These may have bindings round them, but no further support for the hands is allowed. A wooden bar shall be used for the cross-piece. All measurements shall be made perpendicularly from the ground to the upper side of the bar where it is lowest. Throwing. I. GENERAL RULES. a) Only implements provided by the Swedish Olympic Committee shall be used in the throwing competitions. b) Each competitor shall be allowed three throws, and the best three shall throw again three times (with either hand, according to the class of competition); the farthest throw of the six throws (with the right and the left hand) shall decide the order between the three. In the case of a tie, another, deciding throw must be made. (In competitions with the right and the left hand, such additional throws shall be made with both hands.) The result of the additional throwing shall determine the position only of those who have thrown again. c) A throw is counted as a trial, but without being measured, when the competitor touches the ground outside the outer part of the throwing circle, with any part of his body before the throw has been marked by the proper official, or if the competitor passes over the taking-off limit with any part of his body. (By the taking-off limit is meant the inner edge of the marked scratch-line.)

II. SPECIAL RULES. Javelin Throwing. The javelin shall be of wood with a sharp iron point. It shall be 800 grammes (1.6 lbs.) in weight, and 2.6 metres (8.5 feet) in length. About the centre of gravity of the javelin there shall be a binding 16 cm. (6.3 inches) broad. No thongs or notches, nor any other hold than the above mentioned binding shall be permitted on the javelin or the hand, and the javelin shall be gripped round the binding with the whole hand. The throw shall take place from behind a scratch line consisting of a wooden bar of at least 10 cm. (3,9 inches) in width and c:a 3 cm. (1,18 inch) in thickness, securely fastened to the ground. The run is unlimited in length. The throw must be executed with the hand gripping round the binding, and no other method of holding is permitted. No throw shall be scored from, in which the point of the javelin does not strike the ground before any part of the shaft does. The throw shall be measured at right angles from the spot at which the point of the javelin struck the ground first, to the scratch-line, or to the scratch-line pro- duced. In the competition in throwing the javelin with both right and left hand, the right-hand throw shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial throw shall be allowed. As “past the line” shall be reckoned when a competitor, touches the ground in front of the scratch line with any part of his body, before the throw has been marked; but a fault is also committed if a competitor steps on the outer edge of the scratch line, or if, the competitor touches the outer edge of the scratch line with his fingers or hands, etc., after the cast has been made. As soon as a throw is completed, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall warn the next competitor to be ready when the judge calls his name. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call, he has lost his right to take part in that turn.

64 Fifth Olympiad. 1009 Throwing the Discus. The discus shall be 2 kilogrammes (4,4 lbs.) in weight, and 22 centimetres (8,7 inches) in diameter; thickness in the middle, 45 mm. (I,77 inches); thickness at the rounded off edge, 22 mm. (0.86 inch). The discus shall be thrown from a circle of about 2,5 metres (8,2 feet) diameter. All throws, to be valid, must fall within a 90° sector marked on the ground. All throw will be measured from the point at which the discus first strikes the ground to the centre of the circle, after which the distance is reckoned from the taking-off limit. In the competition with both right and left hand, the right-hand throw shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial throws shall be permitted in the ring. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call, he has lost his right to take part in that turn. As “past the line” shall be reckoned when a competitor touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the throw has been marked, but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer edge of the ring or hoop, either in the front half or, when taking a run, in the back half, or if the competitor steps over the ring when the start is being made, or if, after the throw has been made, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring with his fingers or hands, etc. The thrower thus has, the right when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the throw is completed. Throwing the Hammer. The hammer consists of a massive leaden head provided with a shaft of steel wire and one or two triangular handles. The whole length of the hammer, including the head, shall be 1,22 metres (4 feet), and its complete weight 7,25 kilogrammes (15,9 lbs.). All throws shall be made from a circle of 2,13 metres (7 feet) diameter. A throw shall not be scored from unless it falls within a 90° sector marked on the ground. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. As “past the line” shall be reckoned when a competitor touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the throw has been marked, but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer edge of the ring or hoop, either in the front half or, when taking a start, in the back half, or if the competitor steps beyond the ring or hoop when the start is being made, or if, after the throw has been made, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring or hoop with his fingers, or hands, etc. The thrower has thus the right, when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the throw is completed.

Putting the Weight. The weight is massive and of iron; its weight shall be 7,25 kilogrammes. The put shall be made from a circle of 2,13 metres diameter. The weight shall be put from the shoulder with one hand, and must never be brought behind the shoulder. A throw shall not be scored from unless it falls within a 90° sector marked on the ground. In the competition with both right and left hand, the right-hand put shall be made first. The competitors shall be divided into groups of 15 men each. No trial puts shall be permitted in the ring. As “past the line” shall be reckoned when a competitor, touches the ground in front of the front half of the ring or hoop with any part of his body before the put has been marked; but it is also a fault if the competitor steps on the outer 1010 edge of the ring or hoop either in the front half or, when taking a start, in the back half, or if the competitor steps over the ring or hoop when the start is being made, or if, the competitor touches the outer edge of the front part of the ring with his fingers or hands, etc. after the put has been made. The thrower has, thus, the right, when he has regained his balance, to leave the ring backwards immediately after the put is completed. As soon as a put is completed, the orderly (“ordningsman”) shall warn the next competitor to be ready when the judges call his name. If the competitor is not present when the judge calls his name in the order in which it stands on the programme, his name shall be once more called by the judge. Should the competitor not present himself at this second call he has lost his right to take part in that turn.

Combined Competitions. Pentathlon. The competition comprises the following events: Running Broad Jump; Throw- ing the Javelin (with the javelin held in the middle), best hand; 200 metres Flat Throwing the Discus, best hand, and 1,500 metres Flat. The events, will succeed each other in the order just given. Three tries are allowed both in jumping and in throwing. In the 200 metres flat race, groups of three men are formed by lot. If the number of runners is such that, after the groups have been arranged, one man is left to run alone, then one man shall be drawn by lot from among the other competitors, to run against him. All compete in the first three events, in each of which the winner shall receive 1 point, the second man 2 points, and so on. The total points of the competitors are now counted, and the best twelve, i. e. those with the lowest number of points, shall have the right to compete in the Discus Throwing. If the counting of the points result in a tie for the twelfth place, all such may start in the Discus Throwing competition. Points are counted according to the result obtained, and, in the event of a tie, the competitors will not compete in order to decide the tie. Thus, if two or more obtain the best result, these two each receive the point 1, and the next man is given the point 3, and so on. The points of the competitors entitled to compete in the Discus Throwing shall then be counted again with reference to their relative order in each of the first three series, their points being counted as if they alone had competed, and without any reference to the placing of the other competitors. The Discus Throwing and 1,500 metres Flat are now started, with the points thus awarded. After the Discus Throwing, the best six compete in the 1,500 metres Flat race, in which the start is simultaneous. If more than one tie for the sixth place after the Discus Throwing, all such may compete in the 1,500 metres Flat race. In the Flat races, each competitor’s time shall be taken with three watches. The winner shall be the one who, on the completition of the 1,500 metres Flat race, has obtained the lowest total points in the five competitions. If, at the end of the competition, two or more of the competitors have obtained the same number of points, their respective positions shall be determined by the valu- ation of their results in accordance with the Decathlon Table. The broad jump, javelin throwing and discus throwing are arranged according to special rules, but in the event of two or more reaching the same figures, the competitors will not compete again to decide the tie In the 200 metres Flat, 3 men shall start in every heat. The time of each runner is taken separately. If two or more competitors in different heats have the same time, they shall be given the same point. If two or more competitors in the same heat get the same time, but one of them comes in a fractional distance in front of the other(s), the one(s) behind shall receive ½ point more than the one who had the same time but passed the tape a little distance ahead. If the third man, too, in the heat has the same time, but is about a decimetre be- 1011 hind the winner, he, like the second man, will have as his point ½ point added to the point given to the winner. If in the final, the second and third men reach the same number of points, then the “second man” shall be entitled to be placed before the “third man”.

Decathlon. The competition comprises the following events; 100 metres Flat; Running Broad Jump; Putting the Weight, best hand (on the first day); Running High Jump; 400 metres Flat; Discus Throwing, best hand; Hurdle Race 110 metres (on the second day); and Polk Jump; Throwing the Javelin (with the javelin held in the middle) best hand; and 1,500 metres Flat (on the third day). All the competitions will take place in the order given. Both in the 100 metres and the 400 metres Flat races, as well as in the Hurdle race, 3—4 competitors will start in each group. In the 1,500 metres Flat race, all the competitors will start at the same time, but the leader of the competition shall have the right to alter this determination should it be necessary to do so. The composition of the groups shall be determined by lot. The winner shall be the one who, on adding together the points in the several events, has reached the highest number of points. For a result similar to the best result obtained at previous Olympic Games, 1,000 points will be awarded. Lower results are valued in accordance with a special table. If a result exceeds the best “Olympic” result, correspondingly higher points will be awarded.

1012 TUG-OF-WAR.

GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for the Tug-of-War. 2. The competitions shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the follow- ng definition: An amateur is one who has never: a) competed for a money prize or a monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; b) competed against a professional; c) taught in any branch of athletics for payment; d) sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition.

Special Rules. a) The rope shall be of such a length as to allow of a “pull” (free space in the middle of the rope extending from the central tape as far as to the outer coloured tapes mentioned below) of 3.5 metres; a “slack” of 3.5 metres at each end, and a space of 1.25 metres for each competitor in the teams. The rope shall be at least 10 centimetres in circumference, and shall have no knots or other holds for the hands. A coloured tape shall be affixed to the middle of the rope, with two other tapes of another colour fastened, one on each side, at a distance of 1.75 metres from each side of the central tape. Into the ground there is driven a central peg and, in a straight line with, and on each side of this (i. e., in front of it and behind it), two other pegs which are to mark the position of the side-lines, which shall be at right angles to the direction of the pulling and at a distance of 1.75 metres from an imag- nary line drawn through the centre peg. At the start, the rope shall be taut, with the central tape over the central peg, and all the competitors shall stand behind the side-lines. Only such ropes shall be used as are provided by the Swedish Olympic Com- mittee. b) The start shall take place on the following words of command: “Fatta linan!” (Take Hold!) “Färdiga!” (Ready!) “Kör!” (Pull!) The first position of two opposing teams shall be decided by lot; for the second bout the teams shall change places. Should a third pull be necessary, the positions will again be decided by means of drawing lots. The pull shall be won by that team that succeeds in drawing its opponent’s side-tape over the first-named team’s “side-line”, or in pulling one member of the opposing team past the central mark. No competitor shall wear boots or shoes with sharp, projecting sides or points of any kind whatsoever. No kind of spiked shoes or boots shall be used, nor may the soles have any kind of projecting additions. Heel-irons are permitted on the shoes or boots, but they shall be so sunk in the heel that the bottom of the heel on the boot or shoe shall be perfectly smooth and hard. All foot-gear (shoes and boots) shall be submitted to the approval of the leader of the competition before the beginning of the competition. Holes in the ground shall not be made before the start. 1013 c) The pulling shall take place with the front side of the body turned towards the opposing team and with the rope under the arm; the body shall not be turned from this front position to such a degree that the line of the shoulders passes beyond an imaginary line parallel to the rope. Some exception to this latter rule may be made for the “anchor”, however. The “anchor” may hold the slack of the rope in any way he pleases, as long as it is not knotted round his waist. Turning is not permitted. A competitor shall not wilfully touch the ground with any part of his body except the feet. From the moment the final word of command is given, both the feet of a competitor may not leave the ground at the same time. d) No team shall have the right to be captained during the competition by any leader not forming one of the team. e) There shall be an interval of 5 minutes between the different bouts taking place in one and the same competition between two teams. A team which has already competed shall not take part in a fresh competition before the expiration of 30 minutes after its last pull. f) The competitions shall take place in such a manner that all the teams shall meet each other. In each heat, that team shall be the victor which has won two pulls. g) The competitions shall take place on sandy ground.

1014 CYCLING.

REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPETITION. The competition will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Cycling appointed by the Svenska Velocipedförbundet (Swedish Cyclists’ Union), and will conform to the rules for the Championships of the World laid down in June 1907 by the Union Cycliste Internationale. The start will be from Liljeholmsbron in Stockholm on Sunday, July 7th, at 2 a. m. (the night between Saturday and Sunday), and all competitors must be present at the roll call not later than 1 a. m. No competitor may leave the starting place without special permission. Before starting, each competitor will have to undergo a medical examination by the doctors officially appointed by the Swedish Olympic Committee. The order of starting will be decided by lot. The competitors will start singly at intervals of three minutes. The competitors, both at start and finish, may be assisted only by persons authorized by the Committee (so-called attendants). Each competitor shall wear, both on the back and in front, the number assigned to him by lot. Pacing is strictly forbidden during the competition, and no person will be allowed to accompany any competitor. Refreshments must only be given by persons on foot. Any competitor who has manifestly been paced or has intentionally interfered with the progress of another competitor, or has not passed the control stations, will be disqualified. Moreover, any offence against these rules involves disqualification. Whilst riding, the competitors shall keep to the left and, by duly sounding their bell in good time, warn anybody approaching. At the control stations, all of which must be passed, and which are marked (with red rings) on the map on the back of these rules, there will be official con- trollers wearing blue and yellow arm-badges. The stations are: Södertelje, Läg- gesta, Strengnäs, Eskilstuna, Kungsör, Köping, Kolbäck, Vesterås, Enköping, Bålsta, and Jerfva. At these control stations, refreshments will be provided gratis to competitors, as well as the help necessary for cleaning and repairing the machines; any information required will also be given. At some of these control stations, the competitors will have to prove their identity by their signatures. If a competitor retires from the competition, he must immediately give notice to that effect to the nearest control station, and take away his number. If a competitor makes a stop, he must re-start from the same place where the stop was made. On arrival at the finish, which is in the Stadium, one lap of the track shall be ridden round to the right. The time will be taken immediately before beginning of the said lap. Only competitors, officials concerned, and attendants will be allowed in the arena of the Stadium. Notice: Reserve machines, if so desired, can be left at the control stations; in such a case, the machines must be delivered to the Committee at least 4 days before the competition.

1015 FENCING.

RULES FOR THE COMPETITIONS. General Rules. Every competitor by the fact of his entry agrees to accept the rules in force. Ignorance of these rules and of any later additions will not be accepted as an ex- cuse for any contravention of the rules for the Tournament. Only amateurs are qualified to compete, or to be members of the jury, or to be organisers of the Tournament. Any one who is an amateur according to the laws of his own country will be recognized as such. The Amateur qualification must be confirmed by a certificate from the Ama- teur Fencing Association or, failing this organisation, by the Olympic Committee of the competitor’s own country, who shall be responsible for its validity. Any fencer who, within one year after these games, shall be proved to have infringed the rules for Amateurs, shall be disqualified, and all the prizes that he has gained must be returned to the Committee, who may award them to another competitor. The disqualification of one member of a team disqualifies the whole team. The Swedish Committee will not pay any expenses of the competitors or jurors in this tournament. There is no entrance fee; all entries must be made in writing (entries by telegram will not be accepted) before June 6 1912, by the Olympic organisation of the respective country on official note-paper and provided with a certificate testi- fying that those who have entered are amateurs. The competitors must observe the following conduct in respect to the jurors: Complaints or observations must be made with due courtesy. The decision of the Jury must be accepted absolutely. The competitors bind themselves on their honour to fight all bouts to a finish unless physically prevented, and to fence in such a manner as to obtain the best possible place. Any agreement made by the fencers with the object of altering the result of a pool can lead to their disqualification. If a fencer withdraws or is disqualified, or is unable to continue the contest, the result of all his previous contests shall be deleted from the score-sheet as if they had never existed, but, if the fencer had been a Winner, before retiring owing to reasons acceptable to the president of the jury, he will retain his winning points, even if all the subsequent assaults were counted as defeats. No fencer may change his weapon from one hand to another during the action of an assault, except in case of an accident acknowledged by the Jury, but he is allowed to make different attacks with different hands. As a rule no rest will be allowed during an assault. If a competitor (or a team) appointed to fence in a pool does not make an appearance at the instance of the President, his name will be scratched from that part of the Tournament. He shall not be replaced and the other competitors will reap the benefit of his absence. An objection or claim can be made by any competitor in the individual competitions, and by the captains of teams. It must be made in writing by a member of the National Olympic Committee, not later than one hour after the contest, to the International Jury of Honour, whose decision shall be final. 1016 The Weapons and their employment.

The weapons must be of an orthodox known model and satisfy the conditions mentioned below. All abnormally-made weapons may be refused by the Com- mittee for Fencing. The weapons may be mounted in the French or Italian style or in a similar manner. The foil; blade, 900 mm. max. If the open guard is used, it must be protected with leather so as not to catch the button of the adversary’s blade; cup-guard, max. diam. 132 mm. (no part of the mounting may extend beyond the edge of the guard); hilt, including pommel 220 mm. max.: total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max.; total weight between 400 and 700 gr. The épée: triangular or lozenge blade, 900 mm. max.; guard max. diam. 132 mm. (no part of the mounting may extend beyond the edge of the guard); convexity to 50 mm.; eccentricity 35 mm. max.; total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max. (not including the pointe d’arrêt). Hilt, including the pommel 220 mm. max.; total weight of the weapon between 470 and 770 grammes. The triple pointe d’arrêt alone is permitted. It must present an effective projection at 2 mm. max. It shall be arranged by the fencers themselves conformably to the regulation pattern and subject to the approval of the Jury. The sabre: Blade, 900 mm. straight or curved, with an arc not greater than 40 mm. Hits can be scored with the point, with the edge which extends along the whole side of one edge of the blade, and for 20 centimetres from the point along the other side. The guard must be sufficiently large to protect the hand and the wrist; max. dimension towards the back and the edge of the blade 150 mm.; and towards the flat of the blade (perpendicular to the edge) 140 mm. It must not have any per- foration in which the point of an adversary’s sword can become entangled. Hilt 220 mm. max.; total length of the weapon 1,100 mm. max.; total weight of the weapon; between 470 and 770 grammes; The weapon (foil, épée, sabre) may be attached to the hand, on the condition that the system employed presents no obstacle to an opponent’s fencing. The weapon must not be held so as to increase the effective length of the blade by placing the hand farther off from the guard. The extremity of the thumb when fully extended must not be more than from 2 to 3 centimetres from the guard, and the pommel must not be held in the hollow of the hand.

Dress.

The clothes must be absolutely protective against accidents. The vest and the trousers must be white, or of a very light colour. The thigh piece is de rigeur for the épée and sabre. Any sort of boots may be worn, but they must not have any projections on the soles. The mask must be strong and well padded for the sabre; without throat-piece for the foil and, if there is one for the other weapons, this must also be as small as possible. Any gloves of a very light colour; for épée, without hard arm-shield; for the sabre, well padded. All parts of the body exposed to attack must be properly protected. Each fencer must wear his national colours on his unemployed arm. He will likewise wear the armlet, indicating his individual number in the pool, which armlet will be handed to him on the occasion. 1017 The Ground. All the competitions will take place indoors, and on pistes of linoleum. Each competitor will have 15 m. space behind him, counting from the back foot, in which to retreat if necessary. The ground gained by an adversary is kept. When a fencer reaches the line 3 metres from the limit, he is warned by the President of the jury by the words “Trois metres”. He is warned again at the moment when he arrives at the limit by the word “Limite”. The limit will, in case of necessity, be indicated by a large white line. If, after this warning, the fencer passes the limit with both feet a hit will be scored against him. The position of each fencer on the ground is decided by lot before the commencement of each bout, and will be changed after each heat.

ORGANISATION OF THE CONTESTS. Constitution of the Juries and their functions. The Jury and President on accepting office engage morally to act with courtesy and unquestionable impartiality. There will be an International Jury of Honour and competition juries. The Jury of Honour will be chosen by the Swedish Olympic Committee of the Olympic Games of Stockholm, 1912 and can be international. It constitutes the last court of appeal in all points of dispute which may arise during the tournament. Its decision is final. It will receive, through a member of the Fenicng Committee, the objections or claims made in writing, examine the question and give the verdict. The competition juries are international. The National Olympic Committees of each competing nation will be requested to nominate, before the 6 June (with the entries of the competitors) 3 or 4 of their countrymen whom they deem competent to serve on competition juries, and who are willing to act as jurors. The Swedish Committee will form a sufficient number of competition juries, each consisting of 5 (3) members, one of whom will act as president. Each pool jury will have a Swedish Secretary, not a member of the jury, to keep the scoring sheet. The composition of the Jury will be uniform for all contests. The juries are responsible for the proper conduct of all the pools which they are called upon to direct. The President will act as leader of the contest, direct the passes, and has alone the right to give the warnings of “Trois metres” and of “Limite”; he will observe exactly the different phases in order to be able to analyse them and determine, in case of need, which of the competitors has first been hit; and to this end he can employ any means of investigation he considers necessary; he can stop any bout in which he considers that the proper character of a contest is en- dangered. The Jurors will be placed according to the following figure: Jurors and the fencer on the left. Jurors and the fencer on the right.

1018 Whenever one of the jury thinks that he sees a hit, he must immediately call out ‘Halte’. When ‘Halte’ has been called, the President shall loudly ask both the jurors, Nos. 1 and 2 on the left and them only if D, on the right has been hit, and then those on the right, 3 and 4, and them only, if G, on the left, has been hit, commencing with the one who has called “Halte”. This double question must always be put by the president, whatever his own opinion regarding a hit may be. In any case, jurors 1 and 2 on the left will not have the right to voluntarily express an opinion if G, the fencer on the left, has been hit, since they have to watch fencer D on the right; but, very exceptionally, in case of doubt, as, for example, a forward hit, the President may consult them. The same remarks shall apply to jurors 3 and 4 on the right, in reference to the fencer D on the right. The jurors on the left must not forget that, generally, one of them can see the whole of the left side of the fencer D on the right, while the other sees the whole of the right side, and that only the front portion of the body can be seen by both. They must be very careful not to refuse a hit noticed by one of them which cannot be seen by both of them at the same time. If they have not seen anything they must abstain. The same observations apply to jurors 3 and 4 in regard to the fencer G on the left. To the successive questions by the President, Is D hit? (“D est-il touché?“) “Is G hit?” (“G est-il touché”), the jurors shall reply loudly ‘Yes’ (Oui), ‘No’(Non), or ‘I abstain’ (Je m’abstiens) without any explanations, unless the Presi- dent puts an additional question. If one of the jurors says Yes (Oui), the other No (Non), the President, whose duty it is principally to watch the course of the combat as a whole and no fencer in particular, in order to judge clearly the simultaneousness of the hits, may, however have seen the hit made; he will in such a case divide the jury, but he will give his opinion last. If he does not do so, the fencer will have the benefit of the doubt, and be declared as not hit; but in order that his opponent may not suffer from this doubt, if the latter be hit at the same time or later, the last named hit will like wise be cancelled and the combat will recommence. If one of the jurors says ‘yes’ while the other, not having seen the hit, says ‘I abstain’ (Je m’abstiens), and if the President cannot pronounce an opinion, the fencer is declared hit. As a rule, if there is a doubt, the fencer has the benefit of it without his opponent suffering. If one of the jurors abstains, the opinion of the other shall decide. If jurors 1 and 2 on the left declare the fencer D on the right, hit, and jurors 3 and 4 on the right declare the fencer G on the left, hit, the President must immediately ask if there was any remise, and, if so, which hit was first. He then shall ask jurors 1 and 2, on the left, to point out the exact spot where the fencer D on the right was hit, by putting their fingers on the spot touched, and to in- dicate the slope of the body at the precise moment when the hits were made. (Difference of length of line.) The same questions shall be put to jurors 3 and 4, on the right, regarding the fencer G on the left. Then the President will com- municate to the 4 jurors the results of their replies regarding the time and length of line. Since, on the other hand, though the jurors are directed to watch only one fencer, they may have been able to form an exact impression regarding the time of the hits received and given, the only course for the President will be to take the jurors’ votes, beginning with the youngest. He himself will vote last. He will then ask “Is it a coup double?” and, should he receive a negative reply, “Which one is hit”. The Jury will be invested with plenary powers for the observance of these rules- It will have the right, after giving one warning, to disqualify anyone not conform- ing to these rules.

1019 CONSTITUTION OF THE POOLS.

A. In the individual Competitions.

The pools are: eliminating; semi-finals; final.

Eliminating pools; no pool shall consist of more than 8 fencers and no more than 4 fencers shall pass out of it into the next round. The exact number of fencers who are to take part in a pool, shall, if necessary, be decided by the Swedish Fencing Committee. In a succeeding round, only those who have done best in the preceding eliminating pools shall compete. Final pool. The eight best in the semi-finals shall compete in the final.

Division of the Competitors in the pools.

The fencers will be so arranged in the eliminating- and semi-final pools, that, representatives of each nation shall, as far as possible, fence against those of other nations. This placing will be decided by lot. Each fencer in a pool will be designated by a number, drawn by lot, and the order of the bouts will be as follows: For a pool of four (4):

For a pool of five (5);

For a pool of six (6):

For a pool of seven (7):

For a pool of eight (8);

For a pool of n

1020 For scoring, official scoring sheets of the following appearance n-ill be employed Scoring sheet. Individual competition with foils. Eliminating Pool No. épée. Semi-final sabre. Final Mod. Pentathlon, épée. = defeat; 0 = win = coup double.

Counter No. No. Nation Name No. of Wins Placing

President. Secretary. The result of each assault is marked by the signs: ( = defeat; 0 = win.) = coup double. In the contests in which there are several hits, each hit received is marked by a line as well. Example: Nos. 7 and 8 meet in the foils, where the contest is decided by five hits. N:o 8 receives three hits from no. 7 and hits him 5 times. See the method of scoring on the above scoring sheet. A tie will be decided by one hit. The placing is determined by the number of wins, or, should these be equal, by the number of hits received. B. In the Team Competitions. The captain is responsible to the Swedish Olympic Committee and to the Pre- sident of the Jury for the proper behaviour of his team. He will select the four fencers to compete in each pool. Only in case of a serious accident acknowledged by the Jury can a fencer be replaced by another during the same pool. Each team will be designated by a number drawn by lot. The teams will fight in the order laid down for individual contests. In the pool competition with two teams, the members of the team bearing the lowest number, will be numbered from 1 to 4 and the members of the other team from 5 to 8. These numbers will be distributed by the captains. The captain will hand to the President of the Jury in due time, before each pool, a list of the names and numbers of his fencers who are to take part in the pool. He alone is authorized to make any necessary claims on behalf of the members of his team. The order of the assaults will be the following:

1021 The Scoring Sheet will be on the following plan: Scoring Sheet. Competition for épée teams. = defeat. sabre 0 = win. = coup double.

Team Counter No. Wins Wins (Nation) Name No. of each of the Placing fencer team

President. Secretary. The result of each assault is marked by the signs: = defeat; 0 = win. = coup double. In the contests with several hits, each hit received is marked by a line as well. See the scoring sheet, on the preceding page. In each contest between two teams, the winning team shall be the one which has the fewest number of hits registered against it. As soon as one team has had nine points scored against it, it is defeated and the Captain may withdraw if he pleases, but he has the right to complete the series if he desires to do so. In a contest between two teams, when the number of hits is equal they shall fight their series again with the same men, until one team has established its superiority.

Contests. General Rules. Only the hits made neatly and cleanly will be counted. The thrust must hit with the point. The cut must hit with the edge; a cut which hits the body but which, at the same time, clearly strikes the guard is not counted. Places where the hits are counted. With the foil; the trunk from the collar-bone to the line of the hips. If a fencer, by adopting an ungainly position, unduly effaces the target in ex- posing irregularly another portion of the body, or instead of parrying, covers his chest with his arm, hand or head, the hits on these parts will be counted. With the sword and the sabre; the whole body; all the limbs and the head; that is to say everywhere. The competitors will be placed against each other standing straight, the arm extended, point to point. They take back guard and will commence on the double command of the President: 1) En garde! 2) Allez messieurs! Take guard! Go! On the command “Halte”, the competitors must immediately stop. Any hits given after the command have no value. A hit given to a fallen or disarmed ad- 1022 versary has no value if the fencer has had time to recognize that an accident has happened. The Corps à corps will be stopped by the President. It is a corps à corps when the fencers are in actual bodily contact, or when one of the fencers ceases to parry only with his weapon and defends himself with any part of his body. The corps à corps must not be confused with the combat rapproché, which is allowable. It is forbidden to hinder the action of an opponent’s weapon with the arm or hand or to make use of the unemployed arm and hand for parrying.

Special rules for the contests with foils. The combats shall be carried out according to the fencing rules. The attacker must take cover. The receiver of an attack must first parry. The coup double is the movement which most damages the art of fencing. A fencer who, either by not parrying or not completing the phrase, thereby pro- duces a ‘coup double’, has a hit scored against himself alone. In case of an initial movement of aggression at the same instant, the ‘coup double’ is not counted. If, in a case of this kind, one of the simultaneous hits is made on a prohibited part of the body, this hit is not counted unless the jury should be firmly persuaded that the prohibited portion was not deliberately aimed at, or exposed intentionally. The stop-hit (coup d’arrêt) is a counter-attack made upon the opponent’s prepa- ration to attack, or upon a feint. If a player who attemps to make a stop-hit, hits his adversary and is himself untouched, or if he hits his opponent an appreciable interval of time before he is himself touched, the hit is in his favour. If he is hit simultaneously (coup double), the hit is in favour of his opponent. The time-hit (coup de temps) is a counter-attack made with opposition upon the opponents’s attack in such a way that it parries the attack on which it is made. A time attack is valid only if the player who attempts it remains absolutely untouched, and in case of simultaneous hits, the hit is against the fencer who delivers the time hit. The redoublement is the renewal of an attack, immediately after the first, made either in the same line or otherwise. Its aim is to profit by the disorder caused by the first attack on an opponent who has parried without a riposte, or who has avoided a hit by retreating. In the first case the second attack is preceded by a reprise of the backward guard, in the second case by a forward guard. The Reprise d’attaque is an attack made, without retrieving, after an adverse parade not followed by a riposte. In the case of a riposte directe (à temps perdu) if the reprise d’attaque result in the coup double, the resulting hits are invalid (simultaneous attacks). The remise is a time hit, made after the development, and without retrieving, on a riposte composée. It is practiced also after an insufficient parade and which is not followed by a riposte. a) In the case of a riposte composée, if the remise results in the coup double, the riposte alone is valid (time hit). b) If there is a remise on the immediate riposte, only the riposte is valid. When the two fencers are hit simultaneously — three cases can arise: 1st. The attacker alone may be declared hit. 2nd. The defender 3rd. A hit may be counted against neither. That is to say: 1:0 The attacker is at fault and the hit is against him: a) If he runs on the point of his opponent, with his arm naturally extended against him, without having attacked so as to make the blade deviate from the line. b) If, on attempting an attack on the blade, he is deceived but continues his attack.

1023 c) If he tries to parry a stop-hit (coup d’arrêt) and does not succeed, but nevertheless continues his attack. d) If in the execution of a feinte he meets his opponent’s blade and, notwithstanding his opponent’s riposte, continues the attack. e) If he makes a remise on the immediate riposte of his opponent. 2:0 The defender is at fault and the hit is against him: a) If he makes a stop-hit on a simple attack. b) If he makes a time hit, but without cover. 3:0 Both are at fault and no hit is scored: a) In the event of a simultaneous attack. b) If one of the combatants makes an attack composed of several feints, without covering himself, and the other, after having attempted to parry the first feints, risk a stop-hit. c) If, in the case of a riposte à temps perdu, the reprise occurs simultaneously.

Special rules for the Épée and Sabre Competitions. The rules given above, which were drawn up for the foil competitions, are also applicable to the épée and sabre contests as regards the reconstruction of the phrase d’armes, whereby a hit results. This reconstruction of the phrase and of the thrust is not solely to determine, as in the foil assaults, which of the two opponents is right or wrong from a fencing point of view, but to permit the determination of the relative successive positions of the opposing épées at different moments of the decisive phrase of the contests, in order to be able to determine as clearly as possible the following two factors: the difference in time between the hits, and the varying lengths of the lines of attack. It must then be considered, not only as a purely theoretical dissertation, but also as a means of study of the sole practical result which the judges may have to consider; the coup de pointe for the sword, the coup de pointe and de taille for the sabre. But since experience shows that the coups doubles (simultaneous hits) are rela- tively infrequent in the serious contests, and as, in any case, it is almost impossible to decide on the simultaneousness of the two hits, this result — a “Coup double” — always forms a doubtful case. For this reason the judges must by every possible means, i. e.; by reconstructing the phrase d’armes; by determining the relative positions of the opposing weapons; by determining the distance; endeavour to establish the difference of time between the two hits. They then vote to determine which fencer has been hit first, or if there is a coup double. In the case of a coup double, each of the fencers is considered hit.

1024 FOOTBALL. SPECIAL RULES. 1. The competition shall be under the control and management of the Sub- Committee for Football appointed by the Swedish Football Association. The Com- mittee’s decision on all matters relating to the competition shall be final and without appeal. The Committee shall appoint Referees and Linesmen in all matches. 2. The competition shall be played according to the rules and regulations of the Swedish Football Association, which correspond to the Laws of the Game as promulgated by the Federation Internationale de Football Association. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition. a) An amateur player is one who has never: Competed for a money prize, or received any remuneration or consideration of any sort above his necessary hotel and travelling expenses actually paid in connection with football matches; b) Engaged in, assisted in, or taught in any branch of sport as a means of pecuniary gain; c) Been registered as a professional; d) Sold, pawned, hired out, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competiton. 3. Each National Football Association belonging to a nation recognized as such by the International Olympic Committee and affiliated to the International Football Federation (Federation Internationale de Football Association) is entitled to send four teams. 4. The competition shall be conducted in the following manner. The competing teams shall be drawn in couples. These teams shall compete, and the winners shall be drawn again in couples, and so on, until the competition is completed. 5. Each team shall compete in its National Association colours. Where the colours of the two competing teams are the same, one of the teams shall play in such colours as may be determined by the Swedish Sub-Committee for Football. 6. Players of each team may be changed during the series of matches. 7. The duration of a match shall be one hour and a half. 8. Should a match result in a draw, an extra half hour shall be played. Should the match result in a draw after it has been played for two hours, it must be re- played as the Committee may determine. 9. The dimensions of the field of play shall be: length 115 yards (105 metres, breadth 75 yards ( metres). 10. Laws of the Game. The laws to be followed will be those fixed by the Fédération Internationale de Football Association for the season 1911/12.

65 Fifth Olympiad. 1025 GYMNASTICS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Gym- nastics appointed by the Svenska Gymnastikförbundet (Swedish Gymnastic Asso- ciation). 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs according to the following definition: — An amateur is one a) who has never, for pecuniary gain, taken part in an open competition or display; b) who has never taken part in a competition with money prizes; c) who in all other respects is an amateur according to the rules of his own country. Gymnastic teachers and leaders, even though they receive payment as such, are regarded as amateurs. 3. The judges for Competition I will be appointed by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. The judges for Competitions II and III and IV will be selected in such a way that each nation competing in Competitions II or III or entering at least 5 men in Competition IV, has the right to appoint one judge. The name, title, and address of such judge shall be sent in to the Swedish Olympic Committee before May 1st, 1912. In case of sufficient judges not having been selected before the above-mentioned date, the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics will complete the number. 4. All competitors who do not appear at the place of competition at the time fixed in the programme forfeit their right to take part. 5. Any gymnast leaving his team without the permission of a judge shall forfeit his right to return to the team. 6. No gymnast shall be allowed to replace another during the course of the competition. 7. The Gymnasts must conform to the directions of the judges. 8. Cases of illness, indisposition or injury occurring during the competitions shall be immediately reported to the judges and confirmed by the official doctors. 9. Protest against the admission of any gymnast to the competition shall be made before the commencement of the competition, or immediately on an occasion arising. (See paragraph 13 “Olympic Games: General Regulations”.)

SPECIAL RULES. I. Team Competition with Exercises according to the Swedish system. 1. Exercises. The competing team must execute a complete set of exercises (day-table). Each member of the team must execute every movement.

2. Apparatus. The following apparatus on the Swedish model will be placed at the disposal of the competitors: 4 beams (double); 20 ribbstalls (stall-bars), available from both sides, thus enabling 40 competitors to perform simultaneously ; 2 inclined ropes; 1026 vertical ropes; horses with adjustable legs; plinths (vaulting-boxes); buck with adjustable legs; benches with balance-bar and movable hooks; beam-saddles. Planks for the run and take-off will be at hand, and may be used if desired. Platforms and Spring-boards may not be used.

3. Programme. Each competing team may arrange its own programme as regards the various movements. Six type-written copies of the complete programme for the competition must be sent in, together with the entry, under registered cover, bearing the following heading: “Programme de Contours de Gymnastique I”. The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in Swedish, Norwegian, Danish English, French or German.

4. Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. 5. Time. The time allowed to each team for the march-in, the execution of the various exercises and the march-out is, 1 hour.

6. Judges. The judges shall be five in number, and each shall award points independently; during the competition they shall not consult with each other about the judging, and immediately on the conclusion of each competition, shall send in their protocols, duly signed, to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics.

7. Principles for Judging. Each judge shall award points, from 0 (minimum) — 15 (maximum), for each of the groups mentioned below. Each group has a fixed coefficient, which, multiplied by the number of marks, shall decide the points of each group. The points obtained by the groups shall be added together.

Groups comprised in the plan of judging. Marks Coefficient Max. points Introductory exercises Archflexions Heaving movements Balance movements Shoulder-blade movements Abdominal exercises Marching and running Lateral trunk movements Vaulting Concluding exercises Evenness and precision Total Each judge will keep his own protocol. The average of the totals of the five protocols will decide the result of the team competition. Should the programme include several exercises or movements of the same group, except in the introductory and concluding groups, separate marks will be awarded for each exercise. 1027 The average of marks awarded for movements of a similar nature will be multiplied by the coefficient of the group. Deflective exercises will be counted and judged with the movement which they complete. The individual competitor’s manner of moving in exercises of translation will be counted and judged with the exercise, in connection with which such movement takes place. Evenness and precision comprise: uniformity, attention, and correctness of execution by all the members, correct time and rhythm in the different movements, strength and suppleness in the right place. The judges shall assist in calculating the points for the various teams. There is no appeal against the decisions of the judges.

II. Team Competition with Exercises according to the conditions stated below.

1. Exercises. The competing teams shall execute: a) a series of free exercises in unison, with or without hand apparatus (such as wands, sticks, dumb-bells, Indian clubs &c.), b) a series of exercises on the horizontal bar, c) parallel bars, d) pommelled horse, e) exercises according to the leader’s selection, with or without apparatus, but not with those mentioned under b, c, d, however. All the competitors of a team shall perform the same series and must execute all the exercises. Movements on one apparatus shall be completed by the entire team before movements on another apparatus are begun.

2. Apparatus. The following apparatus will be placed at the disposal of the competitors: 4 Horizontal Bars. (Height of bar 240 cm., length 220 cm., thickness 32 mm.; bar of polished steel.) 4 Parallel Bars. (Parallel bars: height 160 cm., length of bars 3 m., their thickness 45—48 mm., and their distance from each other 42—45 cm.) 4 Pommelled Horses. (Height of horse 130 cm., length 2 m., height of pommels 12—15 cm., distance from each other, 40—45 cm. and their thickness 31—33 mm.) 4 Pairs of Rings. (Round rings, height 240 cm.) Hand apparatus (such as wands, sticks, dumb-bells, clubs &c.). Other movable apparatus, not mentioned here, must be supplied by the team.

3. Programme. Each team shall arrange its own programme both for the free exercises and the exercises on apparatus. Six type-written copies of the complete programme for the competition must be sent in, together with the entry, under registered cover bearing the following heading: “Programme de Contours de Gymnastique II”. The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in English, French or German. 1028 4. Leader. Competing teams shall be under the command of a leader who shall not participate in the competition. He can show the free exercises at the team gymnastics and shall command the team. During the execution of the exercises on the apparatus, the leader may keep near the apparatus in order to prevent possible accidents, but must not help in the execution of the exercises. The exercises performed by him are not reckoned and do not affect the points of the team. The leader’s name and profession shall be stated in the entry.

5. Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. Competitors will not be allowed to modify their dress during the course of a competition.

6. Time. The time allowed to each team for the march-in, the execution of various exercises and the march-out is 1 hour.

7. Order of rotation. The order stated in the programme for the divisions a—e must be followed.

8. Principles for Judging. The judges shall be at least 5 in number, and shall officiate at all the competitions, unless prevented by illness or other urgent cause. The judges shall devote their entire attention to the competitions, and the judges may not undertake any other duties which may cause them to leave the place of competition, or, which place any obstacle in the way of the regular performance of the work. The judges together form a jury, which shall appoint a president from its number. The requisite number of officials will be placed at the disposal of the jury by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. When judging, the judges shall each award the points independently, and shall not consult with each other regarding them. Protocol forms will be supplied by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. The protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics immediately on the close of the competition. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. The points will be awarded as follows:

1. for the free exercises in unison: For the carriage of the team: a maximum of 2 points and for execution: 0—10 points comprising; points for no execution bad moderate satisfactory good excellent These points will be awarded to the whole team once.

2. competition groups b, c, and d: For the carriage of the team: for the manner of approaching the apparatus: max. 1 point. leaving the apparatus: 1 These points will be awarded to the whole team for each of the three stipulated apparatus — or 3 times in all; 1029 for the execution: 0 — 10 points comprising: points for no execution bad moderate satisfactory good excellent These points will be awarded to the whole team for each of the 3 stipulated paratus — thus 3 times.

3. for competition group e: for execution 0 — 10 points, comprising : points, for no execution bad moderate satisfactory good excellent These points will be awarded once to the whole team. The intermediate points allowed are: .75, .50 and .25 The maximum number of points to be awarded by one judge shall be: 1. for free exercises in unison: carriage execution 2. for exercises on the three apparatus prescribed b, c and d: for carriage and for manner of moving to and from the apparatus: points apparatus for execution : points apparatus 3. for exercises under e: for execution total maximum: points The judges shall assist in calculating the points for the various teams. The average of the total sums of the protocols shall decide the result of the team competition. There is no appeal against the decisions of the judges.

III. Team Competition with free choice of Movements and Apparatus. 1. Exercises. The competing team shall itself select the movements.

2. Apparatus. For details regarding the apparatus, see “Special Rules” I. 2 and II. 2.

3. Programme. Each team shall arrange its own programme. Six type written copies of the complete programme for the competition must be sent in, together with the entry, in a registered envelope, bearing the following heading “Programme de Contours de Gymnastic III”. The programme, which will not be shown to anyone except the respective judges, may be written in English, French or German. 1030 4. Leader. Competing teams shall be under the command of a leader who shall not participate in the competition. He can show the free exercises of the team gymnastics and shall command the team. During the execution of the exercises on the apparatus, the leader may keep near the apparatus in order to prevent possible accidents, but must not help in the execution of the exercises. The exercises performed by him are not reckoned and do not affect the points of the team. The leader’s name and profession shall be stated in the entry.

5. Dress. All the members of a team must be dressed alike. Competitors will not be allowed to modify their dress during the course of a competition.

6. Time. The time allowed to each team for the march in, the execution of various exercises and the march out, is I hour.

7. Principles for judging. The judges shall be at least 5 in number and shall officiate at all the competitions unless prevented by illness or other urgent cause. The judges shall devote their entire attention to the competitions, and the judges may not undertake any other duties which may cause them to leave the place of competition, or which place any obstacle in the way of the regular performance of the work. The judges together form a jury, which shall appoint a president from its number. The requisite number of officials will be placed at the disposal of the jury by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. When judging, the judges shall each award the points independently, and shall not consult with each other regarding these. Protocol forms will be supplied by the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. The protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics immediately on the close of the competition. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. Each judge shall award points for the whole team from o (minimum) to 25 (maximum). In judging, notice shall be taken of the execution of the movements, the composition of the programme, and the carriage and attention of the team.

IV. Individual Competition.

1. Exercises. The competition comprises: Exercises on the horizontal bar parallel bars, rings pommelled horse.

2. Apparatus. For details regarding the apparatus, see Special Rules II. 2.

3. Programme. Each competitor has the right to arrange his own programme.

4. Time. Each competitor has 2 minutes at his disposal at each apparatus. 1031 5. Division and order of rotation of the competitors. The competitors shall be allotted competition numbers by means of the ballot, by which the order of rotation will be decided. The order determined upon shall be adhered to throughout the competition at all apparatus. The competitors will be divided into squads of not more than 12 men, and will be led from apparatus to apparatus.

6. Other Regulations. Immediately on his name being called, the competitor shall stand at attention, at a distance of 2-3 meters from the apparatus and facing it. At the word of command: “Börja” (Commence), from which moment the time allowed for execution is taken, the competitor shall approach the apparatus and carry out his programme. Having performed his turn, the competitor shall again stand at attention at the apparatus and, on the command of the judge, shall retake his place in the team. Competitors are not allowed to change their dress in any way during the competition. 7. Principles for Judging. There shall be three judges at each apparatus. Each judge shall award the points independently, and shall not consult with his colleagues regarding the points. Immediately after a squad has gone through its programme at an apparatus, the judges’ protocols, duly signed, shall be sent in to the Sub-Committee for Gymnastics. During the competition the judges may not divulge the points awarded by them. Points will be awarded at each apparatus in the following manner: For the manner of approaching the apparatus: max. I point. For the manner of leaving the apparatus: max. I point. For execution: 0 — 10 points comprising: points for no execution bad moderate execution satisfactory good excellent Intermediate points allowed are: .75, .5o and .25 Maximum points to be awarded by a judge: for manner of moving to and from apparatus: points apparatus points for execution: points apparatus total maximum: points The judges shall assist in calculating the points. The points awarded by all the judges shall be added together, and the total thus obtained shall be decisive. There is no appeal against the decision of the judges. In making their awards the judges shall pay attention to the following points: a) difficulty and quality of the exercises performed; b) combination; c) change of exercises; d) style. Regarding style, attention shall be paid to the following points: a) the carriage of the competitor on approaching and leaving the apparatus; b) decision and precision; c) speed, when so required by the exercise; d) precision in clutching, and on changing the clutch; e) that the competitor avoids touching the apparatus when not so required by the exercise; 1032 f) stiffness in the outstretched limbs; arms and legs shall be fully extended if the exercise requires it; g) bearing of the head. A competitor will not be allowed a second attempt in executing an exercise unless all the officiating judges consider that he had been interfered with at the first attempt through no fault of his own.

V. Displays. Each nation has the right to be represented by one team of men and one team of women. Apparatus of Swedish model (see Special Rules, 1, 2) and other models, too, (see Special Rules II, 2) will be at the disposal of the competitors. Teams have the right to bring their own apparatus.

1033 HORSE=RIDING COMPETITIONS.

GENERAL REGULATIONS.

1. The Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions at the Olympiad of Stock- holm in 1912 organises, and is responsible for, the Equestrian Games. 2. The Games are confined to gentlemen riders exclusively; professionals are excluded. 3. The following will be considered the definition of a “gentleman”: for foreign competitors: the definition given in the regulations of the leading Horse-Riding Association of their country; for Swedish competitors: the Racing Rules of the Swedish Jockey Club. art 88. 4. Maximum number of competitors from each country: in individual competitions: six (three reserves), in team competitions and in combined team and individual competitions: one team of four, the first three to count (two reserves). 5. Competitors are entitled to enter not more than two horses, but are only allowed to ride one horse in each competition. 6. Foreigners wishing to take part in the competitions shall send in their applica- tions through the Olympic Committee of their country — if so desired, through the War Office of their country — to the Swedish Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions. 7. Entries shall be engrossed or type-written on special forms, provided by the Swedish Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions. Each form to serve for one competitor and one competition only. In the case of teams the names of the competitors should be given together with those of the reserves. 8. Entries close on the 1 June, 1912, for competitors and horses and their reserves. No entries will be accepted unless they are in the hands of the Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions before entries close. Entries by telegram will not be accepted. 9. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions reserves to itself the right to refuse the entry of any competitor, without being bound to give any reason for its decision. 10. Protests against the amateur status of a competitor must be lodged in writing at the earliest possible moment, and be in the hands of the Swedish Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions not later than the I August 1912. Every protest shall be accompanied by a deposit of 20 kronor, which will be forfeited if the protest has been made on unreasonable grounds. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions shall decide on every protest, after having made the necessary investigations into the matter. The decision of the Committee is final. 11. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions shall decide on every dispute concerning entries, general regulations, arrangements, etc., for the competitions, and its decisions shall be final. 12. The Committee of the Horse-Riding Competitions will appoint a Swedish President of the International Jury of the Horse-Riding Competitions. All protests against competitors or judges shall be referred to this Jury, against whose decision there is no appeal. Any nation not having appointed a representative of its own on the Jury may be represented by the representative of another country. The names of the several representatives shall be given on the close of entries.

1034 13. Foreign competitors will be accorded the following privileges: Free transport in Sweden for horses entered for the games, free stabling, forage and veterinary attendance in Stockholm, free board and lodging for one groom. Furthermore, four competitors from each country — in the first instance those entered for the Military competition — will have their travelling expenses in Swed en paid, as well as full board and residence in Stockholm while the Horse-Riding Competitions last (not exceeding 7 days). At the expiration of the time for entries, each country shall, through their several Olympic Committees, send in the names of those competitors (and their reserves) who are to enjoy the benefit of the above privileges. Application for free stabling shall be made at the close of entries, on the I June, 1912. 14. The Committee will not undertake any responsibility for accidents or illness which may befall any horse entered for the competitions. 15. The judges will, as a rule, be of Swedish nationality. For judging the Prize-Riding competition, foreign judges will also be appointed. Further regulations will be issued later. 16. The Committee for the Horse-Riding Competitions reserves to itself the right to make alterations in, and additions to, the programme and regulations.

Propositions. I. Military=Competition. Team competition: One team of not more than four competitors from each country; the first three to count (with not more than two reserves); at the same time Individual competition. Special Regulations. The competition is open only to officers on the active list (not more than four competitors from any country), riding either horses belonging to their respective armies, or those registered in the army as service horses. Entries to be accompanied by a certificate from the commanding officer of the regiment (principal of the Riding School) to the effect that the horse is a bona fide army horse or registered as a service horse. Horses belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes of instruction are barred. The competition is divided into five tests and must not be concluded in less than three days. The Committee shall have the right to interpose one or more days of rest between those days on which competitions are held. Each rider may enter not more than two horses, but can only use one of them, and shall be obliged to ride this one in all the tests. No outside help may be received during the progress of the competition, except in tests 1 and 2, for the purpose of shoeing, veterinary and medical treatment.

1. Long Distance Ride and during its progress: 2. Cross Country Ride. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Distance: 55 kilometres; 50 kilometres on the road and, during the latter part of the ride, 5 kilometres on a cross-country course of 5 kilometres, marked out with flags. Maximum time: For the whole distance, 4 hours, of which 15 minutes will be counted for the cross-country ride of 5 kilometres; shorter time, whether for the whole ride or for the cross-country ride, will not be awarded extra points.

1035 3. Individual Riding over Steeplechase Course. Undress- Uniform without arms. Bitting and Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Distance: 3,500 metres with 10 obstacles. Maximum time: 5 minutes 50 seconds; shorter time will not receive extra points. 4. Prize-Jumping Competition. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Minimum weight: 80 kilos. Obstacles: 15 high jumps of not more than 1,3 metres (fixed), the long jumps will not be above 3 metres. Other conditions according to propositions for the prize-jumping competition of the Olympic Games (III).

5. Prize=Riding Competition. Undress-Uniform without arms. Bitting: curb and snaffle. Saddling optional. Weight: optional. To be performed according to the regulations for the prize-riding competition of the Olympic Games (II). Figure 8 at a gallop, change of gallop from one leg to another, obstacle and obedience-test will not be required.

Principles for judging. 1. Long Distance Ride. This is to be considered as a test of endurance. Riders who have covered the distance within the maximum time will receive 10 points. For every minute or fraction of a minute in excess of this time, 1 point will be deducted. 2. Cross-Country Riding. Each judge will give points for the part of the course under his control, starting from the figure 10, which will be reduced in each case: for refusing and bolting the first time by points, or again; falling (the horse falling), and for being thrown (the rider being unseated): for each time and obstacle For every period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof in excess of the maximum time, the number of points will be reduced by 2. Individual Riding over Steeplechase Course. For each obstacle, points will be allowed starting from the figure 10, which in each case of refusing or bolting, falling (of the horse) and of the rider being unseated (the rider falling off his horse) will be reduced by 5 points. For every second or fraction of a second in excess of the stipulated maximum time, 2 points will be deducted. 4. Prize-Jumping Competition (see supplement 1 and 4. To be judged according to the regulations for the Prize-Jumping Competition of the Olympic Games (III). 5. Prize-Riding Competition. To be judged according to the regulations for the Prize-Riding Competition of the Olympic Games (II).

Rules for determining the Placing. After each test the points of each competitor will be added up. In order to give equal importance to the different tests for the final result, the latter will be determined according to the following principles: 1036 The maximum number of points will be worked out for each test and divided by 10. The number of points of each competitor will then be divided in each test by the number thus obtained for the respective test. This will give a quotient, varying between 10 and 0, which will form the number of points of the respective competitors in the respective tests. The total sum of the final points in the five tests will be the final number of points of the competitor, and this number will determine the order in the individual competition. The rider obtaining the highest number of points will be placed as No. 1, the one obtaining the next highest number will be placed as No. 2, and so on. In the team competitions, the nation whose best three competitors have obtained the highest total number of points will be the winner, the nation obtaining the next highest number will be second, and so on. II. Prize Riding Competition. Individual competition, not more than six competitors from each country (reserves not to exceed three). Special Regulations. The competition is open to all horses except those belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes of instruction. Every rider may enter not more than two horses, but may only ride one. The prize will be awarded to the rider, not to the owner of the horse. The riding will take place in the Stadium in an open, rectangular court, 40 metres by 20, the sides of which are clearly indicated. Dress: Officers to wear uniform without arms, others high hat or hunting dress. Bitting: Curb and snaffle; martingales, or other special reins not allowed. Saddling: optional. Programme. The rider shall enter at a gallop, halt 10 metres in front of, and facing, the judges — salute. After halting, the horse shall stand still and “at attention” until the signal is given, from which moment the rider is allowed 10 minutes for the performance of the movements specified below, at a walk, trot and gallop. The horse shall now be walked, trotted and galloped in the order named, each gait in an unbroken succession. All movements shall be exhibited alike from both sides in all the paces. The judges will not take into consideration such movements as Passage, Piaffe, Spanish trot, etc. Holding the reins, optional. When riding and holding the reins principally with one hand, 1 point extra will, however, be added to the number of points given for holding the reins, during the walk and trot collectively; for the same in galloping, 2 points will be added. The walk (about minute) shall be free and long-striding. The trot (about minutes) shall be ridden both “collected” and “fast”. From “collected” trot a halt is made, then backing in a straight line (at least 6 metres at a stretch) and an immediate advance at a “collected” trot; turns, volts and facing -about on the hind-quarters without any previous halt. The gallop (about 5 minutes) shall be ridden both “collected” and “fast”, and the same movements as in the trot shall be displayed, and likewise: breaking into a gallop from a standstill; figure 8 with a diameter of about eight metres, in which the gallop shall be kept up alternately (left-handed) and changed both ways; change of gallop from one leg to another in a straight line at least four times; fast gallop, facing-about on hind quarters, fast gallop; a halt is made from fast gallop, followed immediately by trot.

1037 5 obstacles to be taken at a gallop immediately after the performance of the programme. High jumps: one to be 0.8 metres high, two 1.0 metre and one 1.1 metre. Long jump: one to be 3 metres wide. Obedience in the horse and controlling power of the rider will be tested by walking the horse up to, possibly over or through, the object, which has alarmed him. There will be no firing of guns, beating of drums etc. Principles for Judging. Each judge shall give points from o to 10 for each of the following items: The horse’s carriage when standing still, walking, trotting, galloping, the rider’s seat in the saddle, handling and management of the reins, the movements and ability of the horse to turn, jumping and the rider’s management, exhibition and control of the horse. The horse shall, in all paces, move smoothly and be well on the bit with a steady head. In turning, the horse shall be set in the neck and have the trunk bent in the direction of the turn; when turning in the gallop, it shall be set to the right when riding a right gallop, in the opposite case to the left. When backing, the horse shall be well gathered together. The rider’s seat shall be correct and must show a good, and supple grip of the horse, in unison with the motion of the horse, and without exaggerated movements. If the rider omit any of the movements stipulated in the programme, 1 point will be deducted. Should such omission be repeated, this will be considered a lack of training and occasion a deduction of 5 points. The judges are entitled to demand a repetition of any detail of the rider’s performance, and an exhibition of any movements that may possibly have been omitted. In the event of a movement having been omitted, a judge is obliged to point this out to the other judges after the programme has been gone through. Rules for determining the Placing. For each performance under the heading of “Principles for judging” (1—9) a certain number of points will be allotted. All these figures will be added together for each competitor in the protocol of each of the judges, by which means the total number of points awarded to each competitor will be determined. After all the competitors have ridden, each judge will receive a summary of his protocols, in which the competitors are placed according to the total number of points by the respective judge. The judge awards the first place to the competitor who has obtained the highest number of points, the second to the next one, and so on. In case of two or more competitors obtaining the same total number of points, the judge will decide their respective places according to his impression of the performance of the competitors as a whole. The rider whom a majority of the judges have placed as No. 1 will be the winner. In case of there not being a majority in favour of any one competitor, the result will be obtained by adding the figures given by each judge, in which case the lowest figure will be declared the winner, the next lowest, second, and so on. If, in spite of this, the total number of all the points should remain equal for two or more competitors, the total of the points awarded by all the judges to the respective competitors will decide the award of the prizes, in which case the highest number of points will be No. 1, the next one No. 2, and so on. In the event of even such a procedure not giving a decision, the competitors with the same number of points shall draw lots. 1038 Example of the Display Programme.

Fig. 1 Fig. 2. Walking. (Fig. 1.) Starting point = X. Follow the square to the right, between Y and D volt back, follow the square to the left, between Z and C volt back, follow the square to the right, “collected” trot at U. Trotting. (Fig. 2.) Between A and Y one volt, volt back between Y and D, between B and Z one volt, volt back between Z and C halt between Z and B, backing, “collected” trot to Y, about-face, “collected” trot to Z, halt, backing, “collected” trot to Y, about-face, fast trot round the square to U, turn right up, at V follow the square to the left, at a fast trot, once round the square to V, turn straight up and make a halt at X. Gallop. (Fig. 3.) At X a “collected” right gallop from standstill, at U follow the square to the right, between A and Y one volt, between Y and D volt back with change of gallop, halt between Y and A, from standstill “collected” left gallop, between B and Z one volt, between Z and C volt back with change of gallop, halt between Z and B backing, “collected” right gallop, by Y about-face, “collected” left gallop to Z, halt, backing, “collected” left gallop to Y, about-face, “collected” right gallop, at V turn straight up to P, after which on figure 8. From figure 8 “collected” right gallop to U, follow the square to the right from U to V at a “collected” gallop, turn straight up, 4 changes of gallop on the centre line to U, follow the square to the right at a fast gallop to V, turn straight up, halt at O, right-about-face on the hind- quarters, fast left gallop to V and round the square to U, turn straight up, at O left-about-face on the hind-quarters, right gallop, halt at P, trot to U, halt, finish. Fig. 3.

1039 III. Prize=Jumping Competition. A. Individual Competition. Not more than six competitors from each country, (reserves not to exceed three). B. Team Competition. One team of not more than four competitors from each country, the first three to count (reserves not to exceed two).

Special Regulations. The competition is open to all horses except those belonging to the army and attached to Government Riding Schools (not to individual officers) for purposes of instruction. Each rider may enter not more than two horses, but may only ride one. The prizes will be awarded to the rider, not to the owner of the horse. The prize-jumping competition will take place on an obstacle-course in the Sta- dium. Dress: Officers to wear undress-uniform, without arms; others high hat or hunting dress. Bitting and saddling optional. Minimum weight: 75 kilos. Number of obstacles 19 (see supplements 1 and 3). Maximum height I.4 metres (fixed). The obstacles will have a solid appearance, but will be so constructed that essential portions will give way when struck with force. For judging touches there will be a loose marking lath. Long jump obstacles not to exceed 4 metres. Riders to cover the obstacle-course at the rate of 400 metres a minute, which will be timed; less time will not be awarded additional points. Competitors are not allowed to try the jumps before the competition. Taking part in a previous competition will not be counted as a trial of the jumps. Principles for Judging. Points will be given for each obstacle, starting from the figure 10, which will be reduced in each case: for refusing and bolting the first time by points, falling (of the horse), refusing or bolting the second time refusing or bolting again and falling off (the rider being unseated) and further in taking the high jumps: for touching with fore legs by point, hind knocking down the fence with the fore legs knocking down the fence with the hind legs For touching or knocking down with both fore and hind legs, only the fore legs will be counted. for long jumps: if the horse lands with his hind-legs on the limit mark on the far side of the ditch by point, if the horse lands with his hind-legs inside the limit-mark, or touches the surface of the water with his hind-legs 1040 if the horse lands with his fore-legs on the limit mark on the far side of the ditch by 2 points, if the horse lands with his fore-legs inside the limit mark, or touches the surface of the water with his fore-legs 4 In the case of combined obstacles the above regulations apply to each one separately. Each period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof in excess of the maximum time will incur a penalty of 2 points. Any competitor riding the wrong way or not taking the obstacles in their proper order will be disqualified. If any alteration in the equipment of the horse takes place during the course of the competition, the rider will not, for this reason, be allowed another try over the obstacles. No outside help may be made use of in the course of the competition.

Rules for determining the order. The competitors will be placed in numerical order, according to the number of points obtained, and thus the one who has obtained the highest number of points will be placed No. I, the next one, No. 2, and so on. In case of two or more competitors obtaining the same number of points, the competition will be continued between them over obstacles 2, 3, 12, 13, 10, and 11, which, in the case of the “Military” competition, will not be increased beyond 1.3 metres, and, in the case of the prize-jumping competition III A and B, not beyond 1.4 metres. In the event of the competitors again reaching the same number of points, the time occupied shall decide who is to be declared the winner. The principles for judging given above shall be in force. In team competitions, that nation will be declared the winner whose best three competitors have obtained the highest total number of points; the nation that has obtained the next highest number will be second, and so on.

66 Fifth Olympiad. 1041 Supplement 1. Obstacles used in the Horse Riding Competitions.

No. I. Hedge. No. 2. Fence.

No. 3. Stone-wall. N0. 4. Railway-gates.

No. 5. Triple bar. No. 6. Fence in dike.

No. 7. Hedge and Top bar. NO. 8. Fence—Dike—-Hedge. 1042 Supplement 1.

No. 9. Fence. No. 10. Brick-wall.

No. 11. Country road. Fence on either side No. 12. Earth-wall with bar.

No. 13. Stone-wall—Dike—Stone wall.

No. 14. Bank—Fence. No. 15. Dike.

1043 Supplement 2.

The “Military”.

Prize=Jumping. 15 obstacles.

Supplement 3.

III. Prize=Jumping A and B. 19 obstacles.

1044 LAWN TENNIS. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition. An amateur is one who has never: a) taken up any branch of sport as a profession; b) competed in Lawn Tennis competitions or exhibitions, or taught Lawn Tennis for payment or for pecuniary consideration; c) sold, pawned, bartered, hired out or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition; d) competed in an open competition with or against a Lawn Tennis Player who was not an Amateur according to these conditions. 2. The competitions will be arranged by the Sub-Committee for Lawn Tennis appointed by the Swedish Lawn Tennis Association, and will conform to the rules and regulations of that Association (which agree with those of the Lawn Tennis Association of Great Britain). 3. The Committee undertakes all arrangements with regard to the judging of the competitions, and will appoint the referee, who may nominate a deputy recognized by the Committee. The referee or his deputy shall have the power to appoint umpires. The referee shall decide all disputes concerning the rules of the game, etc., which are referred to him by the Umpires. The Referee’s decision shall be final. 4. The Umpire shall count in the English language. 5. All the matches shall be decided by the best of five sets, with the exception of the singles for ladies and of the mixed doubles, which shall be decided by the best out of three sets. 6. The draw shall be made in the following manner. The name of each competitor shall be written on a separate piece of paper. These pieces of paper shall be put into a bowl or hat, and taken out at random one after the other, after which the names shall be written down on a list in the order in which they were drawn. Every competitor or his representative shall have the right to be present at the draw, which will take place on the first convenient day after entries are closed. 7. If a competitor is absent when it is his turn to play, or refuses to play, or has previously informed the referee or a member of the Committee that he cannot compete, his opponent shall have a walk over. 8. The competitors who have been beaten in the semi-finals shall compete against each other for the third prize. 9. Slazenger’s balls shall be used.

LAWS OF THE GAME. The Single-Handed Game. For the single-handed game, the Court is 27 feet (8.23 m.) in width, and 78 feet (23.78 m.) in length. It is divided across the middle by a net, the ends of which are attached to the tops of two posts which stand 3 ft. (0.91 m.) outside the Court on each side. The height of the net is 3 ft. 6 in. (1.06 m.) at the posts, and 3 feet (0.91 m.) at the centre. At each end of the Court, parallel with the net and at a distance of 39 ft. ( 11.89 m.) from it, are drawn the Base-lines, the extremities of which are connected by the Side-lines. Halfway between the side lines, and parallel with them, is drawn the Half-Court-line dividing the space on each side of the net into two equal parts, called the Right and Left Courts. On each side of the net, at a distance of 21 ft. (6.4 m;) from it and

1045 parallel with it, are drawn the Service-lines. The marking of the Half-court-line between the Service-lines and the Base-lines is omitted, with the exception of a small portion at the centre of each Base-line. 2. The balls shall not be less than 2 ‘/% inches (63.5 mm.) nor more than

2 g/lg in. (65.1 mm.), in diameter; and not less than I 7/8 oz. (53 gr.) nor more than 2 oz. (65.1 gr.) in weight. 3. In all competitions where an umpire is appointed his decision shall be final, but if a referee is also officiating, the competitors can appeal to him from the decision of an umpire on a question of law, and in all such cases the decision of the Referee shall be final. 4. The choice of sides and the right to be Server or Striker-out during the first games shall be decided by toss, provided that, if the winner of the toss choose the right to be server or striker-out, the other player shall have the choice of sides, and vice versa, and provided that the winner of the toss may, if he prefer it, require the other player to make the first choice. 5. The players shall stand on opposite sides of the net; the player who first delivers the ball shall be called the Server, the other the Stiker-out. 6. At the end of the first game the Striker-out shall become Server, and the Server shall become Striker-out, and so on, alternately, in the subsequent games of the set. 7. The Server shall, before commencing to serve, stand with both feet at rest on the ground behind (i. e. further from the net than) the base-line and within the limits of the imaginary continuation of the half-court and the side-lines, and thereafter the server shall not run, walk, hop or jump before the service has been delivered, but the server may raise one foot from (and, if desired, replace it on) the ground, provided that both feet are kept behind the base-line until the service has been delivered. 8. The Service shall be delivered from the right and left courts alternately, beginning from the right in every game, even though odds be given or owed, and the ball served shall drop within the service-line, half-court-line, and side-line, of the Court which is diagonally opposite to that from which it was served, or upon any such line. 9. It is a fault if the Server commit any breach of Law 7, or if the service be delivered from the wrong Court, or if the ball served drop in the net or beyond the service-line, or if it drop out of Court or in the wrong Court. If the Server in attempting to serve, miss the ball altogether, it does not count a fault; but if the ball be touched, no matter how slightly, by the racket, a service is thereby delivered, and the laws governing the service at once apply. 10. A fault may not be taken. 11. After a fault, the Server shall serve again from the same Court from which he served that fault, unless it was a fault because served from the wrong Court. 12. A fault may not be claimed after the next service has been delivered. 13. The service may not be volleyed, i. e., taken before it touches the ground, even though the ball be clearly outside the Service Court. 14. The Server shall not serve until the Striker-out is ready. If the latter attempt to return the service, but fail, he loses the stroke. If, however, the Striker- out signify that he is not ready after the service has been delivered, but before the ball touch the ground, he may not claim a fault because the ball ultimately drops outside the Service Court. 15. A ball is in play from the moment at which it is delivered in service (unless a fault) until it: a) has been volleyed by the Striker-out in his first stroke; b) has dropped in the net or out of Court; c) has touched either of the players or anything that he wears or carries except his racket in the act of striking; d) has been struck by either of the players with his racket more than once consecutively; e) has been volleyed before it has passed over the net; f) has failed to pass over the net before its first bound (except as provided in Law 17); g) has touched the ground twice consecutively on either side of the net, though the second time may be out of Court. 1046 16. It is a let if the ball served touch the net, provided the service be otherwise good, or if a service or fault be delivered when the Striker-out is not ready. In case a player is obstructed by any accident not within his control, the ball shall be considered a let; but where a permanent fixture of the Court is the cause of the accident, the point shall be counted. The benches and chairs placed around the Court and their occupants, and the umpire and linesmen shall be considered permanent fixtures. If, however, a ball in play strike a permanent fixture of the Court (other than the net or post) before it touches the ground, the point is lost; if after it has touched the ground, the point shall be counted. In case of a let, the service or stroke counts for nothing, and the server shall serve again. A let does not annul a previous fault. 17. It is a good return: a) if a ball touch the net or post, provided that it pass over either and drops into the Court; b) if a ball, served or returned, drop into the proper Court and screw or be blown back over the net, and the player whose turn it is to strike reach over the net and play the ball, provided that neither he nor any part of his clothes or racket touch the net, and that the stroke be otherwise good; c) if a ball be returned outside the post, either above or below the level of the top of the net, even though it touch the post, and provided that it drop into the proper Court; d) if the player’s racket pass over the net after he has returned the ball, provided the ball pass over the net before being played and be properly returned; e) if a player succeed in returning a ball, served or in play, which strikes a ball lying in the Court. 18. The Server wins a stroke: a) if the Striker-out volley the service, or fail to return the service or the ball in play (except in the case of a let); b) if he return the service or ball in play so that it drop outside any of the lines which bound his opponent’s Court; c) if he otherwise lose a stroke, as provided by Law 20. 19. The Striker-out wins a stroke: a) if the Server serve two consecutive faults; b) if the Server fail to return the ball in play (except in the case of a let); c) if the Server return the ball in play so that it drops outside any of the lines which bound his opponent’s Court; d) if the Server otherwise lose a stroke, as provided by Law 20. 20. Either player loses a stroke: a) if the ball in play touch him or anything that he wears or carries, except his racket in the act of striking, or if he volley the ball (unless he thereby makes a good return), no matter whether he is standing within the precints of the Court or outside them; b) if he touch or strike the ball in-play with his racket more than once consecutively; c) if he or his racket, in his hand or otherwise, touch the net or any of its supports while the ball is in play; d) if he volley the ball before it has passed the net. 21. On either player winning his first stroke, the score is called 15 for that player; on either player winning his second stroke, the score is called 30 for that player; on either player winning his third stroke, the score is called 40 for that player; and the fourth stroke won by either player is scored game for that player; except as below: If both players have won three strokes, the score is called deuce; and the next stroke won by either player is scored advantage for that player. If the same player win the next stroke, he wins the game; if he lose the next stroke, the score is again called deuce; and so on until either player win the two strokes immediately following the score at deuce, when the game is scored for that player. 22. The player who first wins six games wins a set; except as below: If both players wins five games, the score is called games-all; and the next game won by either player is scored advantage game for that player. If the same player win the next game, he wins the set; if he lose the next game, the score is again

1047 called games-all; and so on until either player win the two games immediately following the score of games-all, when he wins the set. Note. Players may agree not to play advantage-sets, but to decide the set by one game after arriving at the score of games-all. 23. The players shall change sides at the end of the first, third and every subsequent alternate game of each set, and at the end of each set unless the number of games in such set be even. It shall, however, be open to the players, by mutual consent and notification to the umpire before the opening of the second game of the match, to change sides instead at the end of every set, until the odd and concluding set, in which they shall change sides at the end of the first, third, and every subsequent alternate game of such set. 24. When a series of sets is played, the player who was Server in the last game of one set shall be Striker-out in the first game of the next.

The Four=Handed Game. 25. The above laws shall apply to the four-handed games, except as below. 26. For the four-handed game the Court is 36 ft. (10.97 m.) in width. Within the sidelines, at a distance of 4 ‘/, ft. (1.37 m.) from them, and parallel with them, are drawn the service-side-lines. In other respects the Court is similar to that which is described in Law I. 27. In the four-handed game, the pair who have the right to serve in the first game may decide which partner shall do so, and the opposing pair may decide similarly for the second game. The partner of the player who served in the first game shall serve in the third; and the partner of the player who served in the second game shall serve in the fourth, and so on in the same order in all the subsequent games of a set. 28. The players shall take the service alternately throughout each game; no player shall receive or return a service delivered to his partner; and the order of service and of striking out, once arranged, shall not be altered, nor shall the Striker- out change Courts to receive the service before the end of the set. 29. The ball served must drop within the service line, half-court-line, and service-side-line of the Court, which is diagonally opposite to that from which it was served, or upon any such line. 30. It is a fault if the ball do not drop as provided in Law 29, or if it touch the Server’s partner, or anything that he wears or carries. If, however, the ball in Service strike either the Striker-out or his partner, the server wins the stroke. 31. If a player serve out of his turn, the Umpire, as soon as the mistake is discovered by himself or by one of the players, shall direct the player to serve who ought to have served; but all strokes scored, and any fault served before such dis- covery, shall be reckoned. If a game shall have been completed before such dis- covery, then the service in the next alternate game shall be delivered by the partner of the player who served out of his turn; and so on in regular rotation.

1048 MODERN PENTATHLON.

The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for the Modern Pentathlon, consisting of representatives from the Sub-Committees for the different branches of sport comprised in the Modem Pentathlon. SPECIAL RULES. I. Duel=Shooting. Distance 25 metres. 1) Any revolver or pistol with open fore- and backsight. Hair-trigger is not permitted. Ammunition with metal cartridge case. 2) Number of shots: 20 shots in 4 series of 5 shots each; 2 sighters. 3) Target: Whole-figure (in zones), I.7 metres high (see fig.). 4) Starting position: Arm stretched downwards, the muzzle turned towards the ground. 5) Firing: A shot is to be fired on the command word: “Eld” (fire). The figure vanishes after three seconds. After a series of 5 shots, there will be an interval for marking. Between the shots in the series, there will be an interval of IO seconds. A shot not fired will be counted as a miss. 6) Counting: In the event of an equal number of hits, the points will be counted by the zones. The inner edge of the shot-hole will determine its value. (See, moreover, the special rules and regulations for shooting.) II. Swimming 300 metres, free style. The special rules and regulations for Swimming, apply, with, however, the exception that the competition will be divided into different heats without a final race. The time taken (not the order) will determine the result. III. Fencing. Weapon : Épée. The victory, in each case, will be assigned to the one who first makes three hits. See, also, the special rules and regulations for Fencing. IV. Riding. Riding singly over a special, marked course, not exceeding 5,000 metres. The course will be shown on Monday, 8 July, but it must not then be ridden over by the competitors, to whom will be then shown only its approximate features and not the actual obstacles. On this occasion each competitor will receive a map of the course. At the same time, lots will be drawn, when such competitors for whom horses have been provided by the Competitors have the right of trying their mounts. After this, the horses will not be at the disposal of the competitors until the day of the competition (July 11). All obstacles (natural or artificial) will be indicated by flags, between which the riding shall take place. Competitors start singly, at intervals of at least 5 minutes. Maximum time allowed for riding the course: I5 minutes.

1049 No help may be rendered by any other person during the course of the competition. Each rider will receive 100 points to begin with, from which will be deducted: for refusing and bolting, the first time refusing or bolting again, each time horse falling rider falling off completely (whether at or between the obstacles) each period of 5 seconds or fraction thereof, in excess of the maximum time The deductions are for each occasion and each obstacle. (As obstacles are reckoned only such as are marked by two flags, between which the rider has to pass.) In the case of two or more competitors having the same number of final points, the time occupied shall decide the event.

V. Cross=Country Race, c:a 4,000 metres. The Cross-Country Race will take place over diversified country, and on a course unknown to the competitors, which will be marked out immediately before the start with white and red ribbons. Competitors start singly, at intervals of one minute. Both start and finish will be in the Stadium. See, also, the special rules and regulations for Athletics.

Judging the Competition. The competition will be decided by a calculation of points based on the place- numbers in the 5 sub-events, in which the first man in each event receives I point, the second, 2, and so on. The victor will be the one with the lowest number of points. In the event of two or more competitors obtaining the same number of points, and the same number of best relative places, the competition shall be decided by the result of the last event. In order to obtain a prize, a competitor must take part in, and complete, every one of the 5 events. If any competitor leaves the competition, this will not alter the point-figures for the remaining competitors. In the event of dead-heats in running, swimming and riding, there will be no second trial. If, thus, two competitors reach the best result in these events, each of these will receive the point-mark I, the next man 3, and so on. On the other hand, equal best points in fencing will be decided by another bout (I hit), and in shooting, the entire series must be re-fired, until the placing is decided. If, in shooting, no decisive result has been reached after the series mentioned, the placing of the competitors in the shooting event shall be decided by the best relative results.

1050 ROWING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The Regatta shall be held under the management of the Olympic Sub-Co- mittee for Rowing appointed by the Svenska Röddförbundet (Swedish Rowing Asso- ciation). 2. Only amateurs according to the following definition are qualified to compete. An amateur is one who has never: a) received payment as a trainer; b) competed for a money prize; c) competed or given a display for payment; d) competed or given a display against a professional; e) drawn any pecuniary gain from athletic exercises by selling, exchanging, pawn- ing, or hiring out any prize won in a competition. Note: An amateur shall be allowed, when taking part in races or displays, to receive his travelling and hotel expenses from the club to which he belongs or, with the consent of the said club, from the club arranging the competition or display, without forfeiting his amateur status. Payment for such a journey, however, may be made only by the club which he re- presents in the said competition. No competitor shall be allowed to make any pecuniary gain or profit from such payment. A professional shall not be allowed to take part in any competitions or displays for amateurs, neither may he officiate therein as judges or in any other capacity. A professional is one who as a seaman, fisherman or in any other capacity has in any way, in the exercise of his calling, engaged in rowing within two years before the date of competition. 3. The Regatta shall be held in Stockholm on July I8 and 19, 1912. 4. Entries close May 18, 1912, and a statement as to the definite composition of the crews must be in the hands of the Swedish Olympic Committee at the latest by July I, 1912. Each entry shall state weights and ages. Reserves of, at most, half the number of a crew can be entered. No person may be substituted for another who has already rowed or steered in a heat. 5. Maximum number of entries from each nation in each event: 2 boats. 6. Length of course in all events: 2,000 metres. 7. The following types of boats shall be used: a) Eights, outriggers (best boats), with coxswain. b) Fours, » » » » » c) inriggers, sliding seats, (see special definition). d) Single Sculls (best boats).

SPECIAL RULES. 8. Stations shall be drawn by lot. Each competing crew may have a representative at the draw. 9. If several crews enter for the same race, trial heats will be arranged. In such trials two boats will start simultaneously. The races will be decided by heats until only two crews remain for the final. 10. All boats shall start with the bow level with the starting post, and will be considered to have finished the race as soon as the bow passes the winning-post. 1051 11. A boat not at the start at the specified time shall be considered to have scratched, and is disqualified. The starter has, the power however, to make an exception in the case of a reasonable explanation being given. 12. The start shall be made by the report of a pistol as soon as the starter is satisfied that the competitors are ready. Should a competing boat be interfered with by any outside boat or person, the umpire shall have power, if he thinks fit, to order a new start. 13. If the starter considers the start false, he shall at once recall the boats by report of a pistol. A boat which refuses to obey such command, or a boat which starts too soon, shall be liable to disqualification. 14. The minimum weight of a coxswain shall be 50 kilogrammes. Deficiencies must be made up by dead weight. 15. At the request of any person concerned, the coxswain shall be weighed before the start. 16. Each competitor shall keep his course throughout the whole competition. A boat’s course is that which, at the start and finish, as well as during the race, is parallel with the centre of the course. Deviations from the course shall render a boat liable to disqualification. A course of at least 12 metres in width will be allowed for each boat. 17. If, in the event of a dead heat, either of the crews refuse to start again, such crew shall be considered as having retired. If a competitor causes a foul by leaving his course, the umpire shall immediately disqualify him, without waiting for an appeal to be made. Should a competitor be compelled by unforeseen obstacles to leave his course, the umpire may order a new start, whether a foul has taken place or not. The competitor causing such an interruption shall not be disqualified. 18. A foul must be reported to the umpire by the stroke of the crew immediately after it has happened, and shall be considered to have taken place when, after the start for a race, a competitor has, with his oar, boat or body, collided with the oar, boat or body of another competitor, and shall be given if the umpire considers the foul to have influenced the result of the race. 19. The umpire alone shall be the sole judge of the proper course of a boat. 20. During a race, the umpire may caution any competitor who is in danger of causing a foul. 21. The jurisdiction of the umpire extends over the whole course, and his decision in each case shall be final. All officials shall be subordinate to the umpire. 22. Swedes only will officiate in the competitions. 23. All crews entered will be furnished with particulars as to the names and weights of their opponents. 24. No consideration whatever will be paid to any accident to material or crew during the race. Definition of a Four=oared Inrigger. An inrigger gig shall be clinker-built and shall comply with the following measurements and weights: — Length maximum metres Width at the widest place minimum Depth Width at water-line Weight kilos Number of boards on either side The width of the boards must not vary more than 2 centimetres in any part of the cross-sections of the boat. For the purpose of measuring the width at the water line, an apparatus of the following construction will be used: A bar, about I metre in length, placed on edge and supplied with two vertical, movable arms, 12 1/g centimetres high, one at each end. In the middle of the bar a notch is made, large enough to fit over the keel of the boat. 1052 Drawing of a Four-oared Inrigger. When a boat is to be measured, it shall be laid bottom upwards, with the apparatus placed over the middle rib. The vertical arm is then pushed so far along the bar as to touch the sides of the boat, at the water-line. The distance is measured on the bar between the vertical arms, and if, for example, this distance for a four-oared boat is at least 0.78 metre, the boat holds the measurement; if the distance is less, it is not up to the standard.

Apparatus for measuring a Four-oared Inrigger.

The length shall be measured in a straight line between the extreme ends of of the stem and the stern. The depth shall be measured inwards, from the deepest point of the keel to the deepest part of the boat, and perpendicularly up to a line through the upper edges of the uppermost boards. The width shall be measured between the outer edges of the uppermost boards on the widest part of the boat. The width at the water-line shall be measured outwards on the middle rib and at a height of 12 11/a/2 centimetres above the lowest board. The boat shall have an outward keel which, in every cross-section, shall reach at least 1 centimetre below the lowest edge of the lowest board. The weight of the boat is reckoned exclusive of the oars, but inclusive of all other equipment of the boat. The position of the rowlocks or the axle of the movable rowlock may not be more than 3 centimetres outside the outer edge of the upper board, and the measurement shall be made straight out from the place where the rowlock is fixed.

1054 SHOOTING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be held under the management of the Olympic Sub- Committee for Shooting. The Committee itself will appoint judges and officials etc., and its decision in all matters concerning the competition shall be final. 2. The competitions are exclusively confined to amateurs according to the following definition. An amateur is one who has never: — a) shot in public, or been specially occupied with instruction in shooting with the intention of thereby earning his living; b) taken part in an open competition for professional shooters; c) sold, pawned, hired but, or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition; d) been engaged at a gunsmith’s and there been specially occupied with sighting and adjusting weapons. 3. Shooters can be disqualified on the ground of insufficient knowledge of, or of transgression against, the conditions of the programme, or on account of late arrival. 4. In Team Shooting, after the shooting has begun, reserves shall not be permitted to replace those competing.

SPECIAL RULES. I. Shooting with Army Rifle. The national military arm of any country according to adopted model without any alteration or addition. Before the competition, the captain of the shooting contingent of each country shall certify that this condition is observed. Rifles of private manufacture may be used, but they must be of officially prescribed military pattern; in the case of the rifles of countries having an official view mark, the rifle used must bear such mark. The fore- and back-sights must be regulation, and not telescopic or magnifying. No other colour than black may be employed for sighting. Ordinary spectacles may be worn, if desired. Ammunition of any kind may be used, but it must not be of a dangerously explosive character. In all cases of accident arising from defective ammunition, the user only shall be held responsible. The pull of the trigger must under no circumstances be under 4 pounds (1.8 kg.); the triggers will be tested immediately before firing at each distance. Rifle-slings may be used as a support for one arm, but in such a case they shall be of regulation military pattern. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. A ricochet will be counted as a miss.

a) Team Shooting. (The International.) 1. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of six men, with maximum 3 reserves. 2. The distances are 200, 400, 500, and 600 metres. 3. All targets ares coloured white with black bull’s-eyes (see fig. I and 2). 4. Any position may be taken, but without artifical rest. 1055 5. Each competitor shall shoot two sighters and 15 shots at each distance. 6. Two targets shall be allotted to each team. The order of shooting in each team shall be decided by its captain. The order of team shooting shall be decided by ballot. 7. No protection against light or wind may be employed. 8. The marking shall be challenged before another shot has been fired at the same target.

Figure I. Target for 200 metres.

9. The competition shall occupy one day only. The time is limited to one hour and thirty minutes at each distance. The time limit is exclusive of successful challenges. No allowance will be made for a defective cartridge, except in the case of a miss-fire. 10. The leader of the competition shall have the power to suspend the shooting on any day should the atmospheric conditions render that step necessary, and to fix another day for the resumption of the competition. 11. No two competitors detailed to fire at the same time may shoot with the same rifle; nor may a competitor change his rifle or any part thereof during his firing at any single distance of the competition, unless his first rifle shall become unserviceable through an accident which must be verified by an umpire. 1056 12. No rifle may be cleaned or wiped out between the shots fired with it at any single distance of the competition. 13. In case of a dispute, the umpire’s decision shall in every case be final. 14. The highest aggregate of the scores at all the distances shall determine the winning team. In the event of a tie in the final totals, each member shall fire one sighter and seven shots at 600 metres. If there is still a tie, each member of the team shall fire one shot more, and so on, till a distinction can be made.

Figure 2. Target for 400, 500, and 600 metres.

b) Individual Competition. Distance 600 metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The targets to be the same as in competition a (see figure 2). 3. Any position without artificial aid will be permitted. 4. Each competitor shall fire 20 shots. 5 sighters are permitted. 5 Any ties must be shot off on the spot.

c) Individual Competition. Distance 300 metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. Target: stationary and half figure (see figs. 3 and 4). A hit in the figure will be counted as five points. 3. Time, positions, and number of shots. Each competitor shall shoot 2 series of 10 shots in every series. One series shall first be shot at the stationary target, and then, as soon as the marking is finished, one series at the half-figure.

67 Fifth Olympiad. 1057 The series at the target shall consist of 4 shots lying down, 4 shots kneeling, and 2 shots standing, during a total period of max. 3 minutes, inclusive of the time taken for loading and position. The half-figure series shall consist of 5 shots in a lying, and 5 shots in a kneeling position; the time allowed shall be not more than 3 minutes, inclusive of loading and taking position. The start of each series will be made from a standing position, with the butt of the rifle resting on the ground and open at the breech. The time shall be counted from the word of command “Eld” (‘Fire’), and cease at a signal from a whistle.

Figure 3. Stationary (“Precision”) Target.

If any shots are fired after the signal has been given by the whistle, the best hit or hits will be deducted to a corresponding number. The points for both series shall be reckoned together. In the event of a tie, the result will be decided by the greatest number of points in the half-figure section. Should the result still be a tie, one shot more shall be fired, and so on, till a result is arrived at.

II. Shooting with any Rifle. Rifles and ammunition of any kind may be used. Fore- and back-sight shall be open. The Target is coloured white, one metre in diameter, with a black round bull’s- eye, 60 centimetres in diameter. The whole target to be divided into 10 zones counting from 1 to 10 points (see fig. 5). Position. Standing. On both feet, without any other support. 1058 Kneeling. A cushion is allowed underneath the leg, but the knee and foot must touch the ground. Lying. The competitor can place himself either in the direct line of fire or across it, on the ground or on a mat or waterproof sheet, but the body must be supported on the elbows, and the fore-arms must not rest on the ground or mattress. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. Ricochets will be counted as misses.

Figure 4. Half-figure. Width = 50 cm.; height = 90 cm.

d) Team Competition. Distance 300 metres. 1. The competition will be open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 6 men, with maximum 3 reserves. 2. The number of targets allotted to each team shall be at least three; the order of shooting shall be decided by lot on the morning of the competition-day, before the shooting begins. 3. Each competitor shall fire 120 shots, (40 standing, 40 kneeling and 40 lying down.) 4. 10 sighters are allowed for each of the three positions. 5. The winning team will be that which has the highest aggregate number of points. Ties will be decided: — (1) By the greatest number of hits on the targets. (2) By the greatest number of centres. (3) 10’s, 9’s, 8’s, etc. 1059 e) Individual Competition. Distance 300 metres. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation; 2. Each competitor shall fire 120 shots, (40 standing, 40 kneeling, and 40 lying down.) 3. 10 sighters are allowed for each of the three positions. 4. The winner will be the one who has the highest aggregate number of points. Ties will be decided: (1) By the greatest number of hits on the target. (2) centres. (3)

Figure 5. Target for 300 metres (Comps. d. and e.).

III. Miniature Rifle Shooting. Rifle. Any breech-loading rifle with calibre not exceeding 6 mm., using miniature ammunition intended for competition. Any back- and fore-sight, except magnifying or telescopic. Ammunition. The weight of the bullet must not exceed 10 grammes, and the observed initial velocity must not exceed 450 metres. Position. Any, without artificial rest. f) Team Competition. Distance 50 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Target, white with black centre (see fig. 6). 2. Number of shots. 40 shots in 4 series, with 10 shots in each series. 4 sighters. 3. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot. 1060 g) Individual Competition. Distance 50 metres. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for f. h) Team Competition. Distance 25 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Target (disappearing): reduced whole-figure, in zones (see fig. 7). The figure, 12 cm. high, will appear 25 times, each time for 3 seconds, with intervals of 5 seconds between each appearance. After each series of 5 shots, a pause will be made for the change of figures.

Figure 6. Target for 50 metres (Comps f. and g.).

2. Number of shots. 25 shots in 5 series, with 5 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 3. Scoring. In the event of a tie, the zones will be used to decide. 4. The edge of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot.

i) Individual Competitions. Distance 25 metres. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for h.

IV. Revolver and Pistol Shooting. Any revolver or pistol with open fore- and back-sights. Ammunition with metal cartridge case. Hair-triggers will not be permitted. 1061 j) Team Competition. Distance 50 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Number of shots: 60 shots in 10 series, with 6 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 2. Time: 4 minutes for a series of 6 shots. 3. Target: white, 50 cm. in diameter. The target is divided into 10 zones, 2 1/2 cm. between each zone. Centre, black, 20 cm. in diameter (see fig. 8). Position: standing, right or left hand, with arm extended. The centre of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot.

k) Individual Competition. Distance 50 metres. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. The same rules as for j.

l) Team Competition in Duel Shooting. Distance 30 metres. Open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves. 1. Number of shots: 30 shots in 6 series, with 5 shots in each series. 2 sighters. 2. Target: whole-figure (in zones), 1.7 metres high (see fig. 7). 3. Starting position: arm stretched downwards, the muzzle turned towards the ground. 4. Firing. A shot shall be fired on the word of command “Eld” (Fire). The figure will disappear after three seconds. After each series of 5 shots there will be an interval for marking. Between the shots in the series there will be 10 seconds interval. A shot not fired will be counted as a miss. 5. Counting. In the event of a tie, the zones are used. The edge of the shot-hole will determine the value of the shot.

m) Individual Competition in Duel Shooting. Distance 30 metres. Figure. 7. Whole-figure The competition is limited to 12 individual entries for competitions h. i. l. from each nation. and m. The same rules as for I. V. Clay Bird Shooting. 1. Three traps throwing in different directions will be set up, concealed by a screen, before each mark. 2. 5 marks will be arranged at a distance of 5 metres between each, and numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. Numbering begins from the left. The marks will be placed at a line 15 metres distant from the traps. 3. Guns of greater calibre than 12 may not be used. 4. Cartridge cylinders, powder and shot of any sort may be used, but a charge of shot may not exceed 35.5 grammes, and the shot may not be coarser than No. 6 English sort (2.5 mm.) The leader of the competitions reserves the right of instructing the control official to take out two cartridges from the stock of cartridges of each competitor, to examine them with regard to their proper loading. 5. The gun shall be open at the breech till the control official has assured himself that the competitors have taken up their places, and until he has given the order “Linjen klar” (‘line ready’). 1062 6. Two shots may be fired at each clay pigeon. 7. The competitor must not shoulder his gun and take sight, or rest the butt against his shoulder, before the clay pigeon thrown up has appeared in sight. The butt of the gun is to be held between the hips and the arm-pits, but may on no account rest against the shoulder. 8. The leader of the competitions must see that the traps are in due order and adjusted, and that all precautions are taken to avoid accidents during the shooting. The leader shall decide all differences of opinion that may arise, and shall judge the results. His decision is final. 9. As “no bird” are counted the following: If the marksman discharges both shots practically at once and hits his clay pigeon, it is counted as “no bird”, but if he misses, a miss is noted. The marksman has the right to refuse a clay pigeon if it leaves the machine in a broken condition, but he is bound by the result, if he fires at a part of the clay pigeon.

Figure 8. Target for 50 metres (Comps. j. and k.). If one or more clay pigeons are, by accident, thrown up at the same time as the pigeon which is to be shot at, the competitor has the right to consider this as “no bird”. If the gun, duly loaded and cocked, misses fire for some reason beyond the control of the marksman, the pigeon shall be counted as “no bird”. If the gun misses fire with the first barrel and the marksman fires the second shot and hits, it shall be judged as a “hit”, but if he fires the second shot and misses, it shall he counted as a “miss.” If the second shot is not fired, the pigeon shall be counted as “no bird”. If the second shot misses, a fresh bird is thrown up for the marksman, but in such case the first barrel shall be charged with only a powder-filled cylinder, which shall be fired after the trap has been set in motion. The result of the second shot will be counted. If the marksman uses a gun which necessitates a fully-loaded cartridge to be discharged in order that the mechanism may work at the second shot, or if the first cartridge or a part thereof sticks or prevents firing, the marksman can claim two more cartridges, the first of which, after the trap has been set in motion, shall be discharged into the air, and the second at the clay pigeon. The result of the second shot will be counted. Should the first shot hit the pigeon, a miss shall be counted. The defective cartridge shall be submitted to the leader, who will examine wherein the fault lies, and decide if, in conformity with the above rules, another shot may be fired. 10. In order to be entered as a hit, the pigeon must break before touching the ground. The leader’s decision as to whether a pigeon is hit or not is final. A 1063 marksman not bowing to his decision will be disqualified. The pigeons must not, under any circumstances, be picked up for the purpose of examination. 11. Continuous firing. 6 marksmen are ranged for the 5 marks. 5 guns occupy the marks, and No. 6 takes his place behind No. 1 and there awaits his turn. Gun No. 1 shoots first from mark No. 1, gun No. 2 from mark 2, and so on. At, or during, the closing of the series, number 1 shall stand at mark number 2, and number 6 at mark No. 1, No. 2 at mark No. 3, and so on; so that No. 5 is the shot who waits at the back of mark No. 1. Competitors must not leave their marks before the series is concluded. When the marksmen have taken their marks, the person who is regulating the throwing from the different machines calls out, “N:o 1 klar” (‘ready’), whereupon the competitor who is standing at mark No. 1 answers “Gå” (‘go’). The remaining competitors answer “Gå” when the number of their mark and “Klar” are called out. 12. Firing out of turn. If a marksman fires out of his turn, a miss will be reckoned to him. The marksman whose turn it was to shoot, has a fresh bird thrown up. 13. Unknown angles. The marksman shall be unaware which of the traps, behind each screen, will be discharged. 14. Single shots from unknown traps. All the machines will be filled before the shooting commences, and the competitors will be kept in ignorance of the group of traps and the trap from which the pigeons will be thrown. 15. One marksman on the line. The marksman is to stand at mark No. 3 and shoot at the fixed number of pigeons before leaving his mark. 16. Two marksman on the line. One stands at mark No. 2 and shoots at the required number of pigeons thrown up from sets of traps Nos. 1, 2 and 3; the second stands at mark No. 4 and shoots at the required number thrown up from the groups of traps Nos. 3, 4 and 5.

n) Team Competition. 1. The competition is open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 6 men, with a maximum of 3 reserves, of whom the team-captain may form one. 2. The order of shooting between the teams will be decided by lot. 3. The shooting will be divided into three rounds. Each round will be concluded, if possible, in one day. First stage. 20 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at under continuous firing in 2 series of 10 birds each. Two or three teams shoot together. Each marksman, from the different teams alternately, shall in his turn shoot off a series of 10 shots. The first stage will thus constitute a succession of competitions. A tie shall be decided by each marksman shooting at 10 pigeons on the continuous firing system. Second stage. A maximum of 50% of the teams competing in the first stage who have obtained a lower number of points shall retire. The order of shooting among the different teams will be the same as in round 1. 30 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at without an interval in two series of 15 birds each. A tie will be decided by each competitor re-shooting at 10 pigeons on the continuous firing system. Third stage. A maximum of 50% of the teams competing in the second stage, who have obtained a total lower number of points in the first and second rounds, shall retire. The order of shooting will be the same as in stage No. 1. 40 pigeons per man are shot at, on the continuous firing system, in 2 series of 20 birds each, and thrown up from known sets of traps at unknown angles on the group system. In addition, from firing- point No. 3, single shots at 10 pigeons 1064 per man, thrown at unknown angles from unknown traps. Ties shall be shot off with 10 birds by each marksman on the single shot system, i. e. from mark 3. The winner will be the team which has obtained the highest total number of hits in all three stages.

o) Individual Competition. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. The shooting will be divided into three stages. Each stage will be concluded in one day if possible. First stage. 20 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known traps, will be shot at on the continuous fire system in 2 series of 10 birds each. In the event of a tie, 10 pigeons are to be shot at by each competitor on the continuous fire system. Second stage. A maximum of 50% of the competitors competing in the first round who have obtained a lower number of points will retire. The order of shooting among the marksmen will be the same as in stage No. 1. 30 clay pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets of traps, in two series of 15 birds each, will be shot at on the continuous firing system. In the event of a tie, there will be re-shooting at 10 pigeons per man with continuous firing. Third stage. 50%, at most, of the competitors in the second round who in the first and second stage obtained a total lower number shall retire. The order of shooting among the marksmen is the same as in stage 1. 40 clay pigeons per man will be shot at, with continuous firing, in 2 series of 20 pigeons each, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets of traps, and also at 10 pigeons per man in two series of 5 pigeons each, with continuous firing, thrown up at unknown angles from unknown sets of traps. The marksman will stand at mark No. 2, for 5 pigeons thrown up from set of traps Nos. 1, 2 or 3, and at mark No. 4, for 5 pigeons thrown from traps Nos. 3, 4 or 5. A tie will be decided by shooting off, on the continuous firing system, at 10 pigeons per man, thrown up at unknown angles from known sets of traps. 4. The marksman who has obtained the highest total number of hits in all three stages will be declared the winner.

VI. Running Deer Shooting. The target shall consist of the figure of a deer, life size (see fig. 9).

General Regulations: 1. Rifles of any construction and calibre may be used. The pull of the trigger, which must be tested before the beginning of the competition, shall be four pounds 1.8 kg.). Only open fore- and backsights, without any lateral adjustment, will be permitted. The centres of both sights must be fixed over the centre of the barrel. Only one platinum or other line will be permitted on the back-sight. Spirit levels are allowed. Arms may not be exchanged during the competition without a valid reason ap- proved of by the umpire. 2. Any sort of bullets may be used except cartridges loaded with explosive bullets. 3. Any position may be taken. 4. The distance from the mark to the target is 100 metres. The open part of the run is 23 metres in width, and the target will appear for about 4 seconds. 5. The breech of the rifle shall be kept open till the umpire has given the order “Linjen klar” (“Line clear”). 6. The points shall be reckoned 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 and o. Five and four points are allowed for hits within the centre of a circle measuring, respectively, 15 cm. for 5 1065 (bull’s eye), and 30 cm. for 4; three points for a hit between the outer circle and the nearest perpendicular lines; two points for a hit on a space, 10 cm. wide, behind the centre surface, or for a hit between the centre circle’s outward boundary line and the head; one point for a hit between the two-point limit and a line drawn perpendicularly, which hits the groin mark; and no point for a hit on the head, hind-quarters and legs. The divisions on the deer are not visible from the firing point. 7. The hits shall be marked on the deer set up over both the masked butts by means of a round disc, 20 cm. in diameter, which is placed over the middle of the bullet hole. The colour of the disc shows the points: red points red and white blue blue and white white black

Figure 9. Running Deer.

A miss is shown by a black swinging disc. 8. The leader has the right, to see, himself or by means of a controller, that the rules in § 1. are observed. 9. The leader of the competition shall see that all precautionary measures are observed for the avoidance of accidents during the shooting. The leader shall decide any differences of opinion which may arise; he judges the result, and his decision is final. 10. The rifle must not be raised to the shoulder before the target appears. The shot must not be discharged if part of the target is hidden by either of the posts. 11. “Linjen klar” (“Line clear”). When the leader has assured himself that the marksman is ready to fire, he shall give the order to the butts to set the target in motion. The first run for every series will be from the right butt, either if it is a sighter or a shot fired in competition. The marksman shall at once get ready for the next run, which begins as soon as the shots have been marked and the target has been patched and turned. 1066 12. If the rifle, after being duly loaded and cocked, misses fire, from a cause beyond the control of the marksman, the target for the re-shoot shall be set in motion from the same butt. The defective cartridge shall be handed over to the leader, who will decide wherein the fault lies, and decide if a re-shoot shall take place. 13. If in a double-shot competition a rifle, properly loaded and cocked, misses fire at the first shot from causes beyond the control of the marksman, the second shot shall not be fired, but the target shall be run again from the same butt. If the second shot is fired, two misses shall be counted. If the second shot misses fire, the first shot shall be counted as no shot, and the target again run from the same butt.

p) Team Competition. 1. The competition is open to one team from each nation. Each team to consist of 4 men, with a maximum of 2 reserves, of whom the team-leader may be one. 2. The order of shooting will be determined by lot. 3. Two sighters will be allowed. 4. Each man will have 10 shots in succession. One shot is fired in each run. 5. Ties are shot off by 5 shots in succession per man. One shot will be fired in each run. 6. The team that has obtained the highest number of points will be declared the winner.

q) Individual Competition. Single shot. 1. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. Two sighters shall be permitted. 4. The shooting will consist of 10 shots in succession per man; one shot will be fired in each run. 5. Ties are decided by shooting off with 5 shots in succession per man. One shot shall be fired in every run. 6. The marksman with the highest number of points will be declared the winner.

r) Individual Competition. Double shot. I. The competition is limited to 12 individual entries from each nation. 2. The order of shooting will be decided by lot. 3. Two sighters are permitted. 4. The shooting will consist of 20 shots in succession, per man; two shots will be fired in each run. 5. Ties are decided by shooting off with 6 shots in succession per man. TWO shots are fired in every run. 6. The marksman with the highest number of points will be declared the winner.

1067 SWIMMING.

GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Swim- ming appointed by the Svenska Simförbundet (Swedish Amateur Swimming Asso- ciation), and will conform to the rules and regulations of the International Swim- ming Association (Fédération Internationale de Natation Amateur). 2. The competition shall be confined to amateurs in accordance with the following definition: An amateur is one who has never a) competed for a money price, declared wager, or staked bet, in swimming or any other athletic Sport; b) taught, pursued or assisted in the practice of swimming, or any other athletic exercise, as a means of pecuniary gain; c) knowingly and without protest taken part in any competition or exhibition with anyone who was not an Amateur (except whilst in the Military or Naval Services, and then only in Military or Naval Competitions). A professional in any sport shall be considered a professional in swimming. The exceptions laid down by the Federation Internationale de Natation Ama- teur shall apply. 3. The competitions will take place in the open, and in absolutely still and fresh water, and in an enclosed course 100 metres long, 20 metres wide and at least metres deep. 4. The Swimming Committee will make all arrangements with regard to the competitions, and will appoint judges as well as all other officials. The referee shall decide all questions referred to him by the judges. 5. The competitors shall wear the regulation swimming costume. The starter shall see that the competitors conform to these rules, and no one shall be permitted to start if his costume is not in accordance with the regulation. The costumes must be in accordance with the following regulations: a) The colour of the costume shall be black or dark blue. b) Cloth drawers, at least 6 centimetres high at the sides, must be worn under the costume. c) The sleeves must not be cut lower than centimetres from the armpit. d) The costume must not be cut lower in the neck than 5 centimetres cross- wise from the shoulders. e) Ladies’ costumes shall be cut straight round the neck, and shall be provided with shaped arms of at least centimetres length. f) As identification marks, competitors shall wear caps of different colours, which will be supplied by the Swimming Committee. In Water Polo, the caps for one team shall be white, for the other dark blue, with red bands for the goal- keepers. 6. The relative order of starting of the competitors, as well as of the heats, shall be decided by ballot. In all races, the positions of the competitors, counting from right to left, shall be decided in the same way immediately before the start. Swimming Races. I. GENERAL REGULATIONS. a) All races shall be started by the report of a pistol. The start for all races (with the exception of back stroke) shall be from a board placed 30 centimetres above the surface of the water. All questions 1068 regarding the start shall be decided by the starter. A competitor starting too soon will be disqualified, unless he returns to his position and starts afresh. b) Every race will be divided into heats and a final, with a sufficient number of intermediate heats in proportion to the number of competitors. If in any heat not more than 3 competitors line up, the starter shall let them join the next following incomplete heat. c) The first and second in each heat, and also the fastest third, shall be qualified to swim in the next round or final. d) In all contests, dead-heaters in preliminary heats shall be qualified to compete in the next round or final. If a dead heat ensue in a final, the competitors who tie shall again compete at such time as the judges may direct. e) A competitor who wilfully obstructs another competitor shall be disqualified from that competition, and forfeits his right to any prize which he might otherwise be entitled to. Should such a foul endanger the chance of success of a competitor, the judge shall have power to allow him to compete in the next round, or, should the foul occur in a final, they may order it to be re-swum. f) When turning, swimmers must touch the end of the bath or course with one or both hands. For Breast-Stroke, there are special rules in this respect. g) Standing on the bottom during a race shall not disqualify a competitor, but he must not walk. h) A competitor “swimming over” must cover the whole distance to qualify as the winner. II. SPECIAL RULES. Breast Stroke. a) Both hands must be pushed forward together and brought backwards simultaneously. b) The body must be kept perfectly on the breast, and both shoulders in line with the surface of the water. c) When touching at the turn, or on finishing a race, the touch shall be made with both hands simultaneously. d) Any competitor introducing a side-stroke movement shall be disqualified.

Back Stroke. a) Competitors shall line up in the water, facing the starting end, with both hands on the end or rail of the bath. A push-off at the start is permitted. b) At the signal for starting the competitors shall push off and swim upon their backs throughout the race.

Team Races. The team races shall be conducted as follows: The first member of each team shall start together at the starting signal, and shall then be succeeded by the other competitors as soon as they have finished, and so on. The team whose fourth member finishes first shall be declared the winner. If any one of the competitors starts before the preceding swimmer has finished, his team shall be disqualified unless he returns and starts again according to the regulations. A start controller will be appointed for each team.

Diving Competitions. I. GENERAL REGULATIONS. a) The depth of the water under the platforms shall be at least 5 metres. b) Entries must be accompanied by a statement as to which voluntary dives the competitor wishes to make. 1069 c) All variety dives must be made by the competitor alone, without assistance from any other person, and in conformity with the following conditions. d) For each competition 5 judges will be appointed, who will estimate the value of the dive in conformity with the regulations, and each shall judge for himself, without having the right to consult with another. e) For each dive each judge shall award points according to the following scale: a) Unsuccessful attempt points. b) Bad dive c) Good dive d) Very good dive e) Excellent Intermediate points and half-points may be awarded, but the highest possible number of points shall be 10. f) The judges shall take into consideration: firstly — the execution of the dive (correct bearing, confidence and form); secondly — the force and speed of the dive; thirdly — the entry into the water, and, fourthly — the execution of the run or take-off. The bearing is excellent when it is easy, supple and graceful, with the head erect, well closed and straight legs, outstretched instep, easy movement of the arms, and the fingers together. In a plain dive, the bearing in the air shall be easy, supple and elegant, either with the head, body and limbs in an even and unbroken line, or with the arms stretched out during the dive at right angles to the body, head erect and chest forward. In the standing dive, the take-off must be bold, confident and elegant, with the body thrown upwards and outwards. In judging an armstand dive, the judge shall note carefully that the competitor keeps his balance before the dive is made. The drop into the water is excellent when a good bearing is observed and the body cuts the water smoothly with the arms extended over the head and held close together, fingers together, and legs and feet straight together and in line with the body. The incline of the body towards the water must not exceed the vertical position. The take-off shall be easy, supple and bold. g) To determine the number of points for the voluntary dive, the points allowed for each dive by each judge shall be multiplied, each dive separately, by the degree of difficulty stated in tables A. and B. For plain and compulsory dives, there is no special degree of difficulty. h) After the points allowed for each voluntary dive by each judge have been multiplied (see above), the sums thereby obtained from each judge shall be added to the points for the compulsory dives, and the total number of points thus obtained shall decide the competitors’ place-numbers with each judge. The total place -numbers awarded by the judges shall decide in the first place. In the event of a tie, the total number of points awarded shall decide. If, in a judge’s protocol, two or more competitors obtain the same number of points, they shall receive the same place-numbers, but those following shall be placed in the order which they otherwise would have taken. The final number of points for each competitor shall be determined by the total number of points awarded by each judge, after which the total sum will be divided by the number of judges. II. SPECIAL RULES. High Diving. a) The competition in plain diving, and plain and variety diving combined, from a fixed take-off, will take place from a platform at least 5 metres in length and not less than 2 metres in width. The running-board, which is fixed, will be covered with cocoa-nut matting and surrounded on 3 sides by a rail. Each running-board will project at least 1 metre over the running-board or stage beneath. 1070 The heights shall be two: 5—6 and 10—11 metres, measured from the surface of the water. b) The competition in plain diving (for men as well as for ladies) shall comprise 5 dives, namely: 1) standing dive from a height of 5—6 metres; 2) running 2) standing 4) running from a height of IO—II metres. 5) running c) The competition in plain and variety diving combined shall comprise, partly, the following compulsory dives: 1) running plain dive from a height of 5—6 metres; 2) backward somersault 3) standing plain dive from a height of 10—11 metres; 4) running partly 3 voluntary variety dives from a height of 10-11 metres. No dive, however, may be made more than once. The dives must be selected from table A.

Table A. Degrees of difficulty for voluntary variety dives from a fixed take-off at a height of 10—11 metres.

Name of Dive. Degree of difficulty.

I. Dives with face towards the platform. Backward header Backward somersault Backward spring outwards, turn inwards with header Do. with somersault Do. with one and a half somersault

II. Armstand Dives. Armstand with header Armstand with overback Armstand with somersault

III. Running Dives. One somersault forwards Flying somersault forwards (first well pointed header, then somersault) One and a half somersault forwards Isander’s dive (spring outwards, turning inwards and header) Mollberg’s dive (spring outwards, turning inwards and somersault)

Spring=board Diving. a) The competition in plain and variety dives from a spring-board will take place from a board at least 4 metres in length and 1/2 metre in width. The running board, the spring of which shall be good and even, is covered with a cocoa-nut matting. It shall have an incline not exceeding 5°. The heights are two: 1 and 3 metres above the surface of the water, measured from the outer edge of the spring-board. 1071 b) The competition shall comprise, partly the following compulsory dives; 1) running plain dive from a height 2) running forward somersault of 1 metres; 3) standing plain dive from a height 4) running plain dive of 3 metres; and partly, 3 voluntary variety dives from a height of 3 metres. No dive, however, may be made more than once. The dives must be selected from table B.

Table B. Degrees of difficulty for voluntary variety dives from a spring-board of 3 metres height.

Degree of difficulty. Name of Dive. Stand- Run- ing. ning.

Dives with face towards the water. Falling dive forwards (arms stretched by the sides) Ordinary header forwards (arms by the sides) Screw dive forwards with half turn one Pike dive forwards (arms by the sides) Forward somersault (arms stretched by the sides) Flying somersault forwards (first well pointed header, then somersault) One and a half somersault (arms stretched by the sides Isander’s dive Mollberg’s dive (arms by the sides)

Dives with face towards the spring-board. Falling dive backwards (arms stretched by the sides) Ordinary header backwards Pike dive with backward spring and turning inwards Backward somersault (arms by sides) Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and somersault (arms by the sides) Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and one and a half somersault Note. For an even or divided spring, equal points will be awarded. Dives 7—10 and 16—18 can be made either with the body erect, or with bending at the hips and knee joints, but the entry into the water shall be made with the body and legs straight.

Water Polo. RULES FOR THE DRAW. The competition will be arranged on the elimination system. The competing teams will be drawn in couples for the first round, after which, the order of play for the following rounds will be determined in such a way that the order up to the final is decided before the commencement of the competition. The necessary number of extra matches will take place between teams qualifying for the second and third prizes. 1072 Rules of the Game. 1. Field of Play. The distance between the goals shall not exceed 30 yards nor be less than 19 yards (27 met.—17 m.); the width shall not be more than 20 yards (18 m.), and shall be of even width throughout the field of play. The two yard and four yard (met.) penalty lines and the half-distance, shall be clearly marked on both sides of the field of play. 2. Depth. The water shall not be shallower than 3 feet (I*/% m.). 3. Goals. Goal posts shall be fixed at each end of the field of play. These must be at least I foot (30 cm.) from the end of the bath or from any obstruction. The width between the posts to be 10 feet (3 m.), and the cross bar to be 3 feet (go cm.) above the surface, when the water is 5 feet (i I/, m.) or more in depth; when the water is less than 5 feet in depth, the cross bar to be 8 feet (2.44 m.) from the bottom. Nets must be attached to the goal-posts in such a way as to enclose the whole goal area, and hang below the surface of the water. The back of the net must be at least 1 foot (30 cm.) behind the goal line and hung from the height of the cross bar. 4. The Ball. The ball, which will be provided by the Swimming Committee, shall be leather-covered and must be round and fully inflated, and shall measure not less than 27 inches and not more than 28 inches (711 mm.—686 mm.) in circumference. It shall be waterproof, with no strapped seams outside, and no grease or other objectionable substance on the surface. 5. Flags. The necessary flags, etc., for officials will be supplied by the Swimming Committee. 6. Officials. The officials shall consist of a referee, a timekeeper and two goal scorers. 7. Referee. The duties of the referee shall be: a) to start the game, b) to stop all unfair play, c) to decide all cases of dispute, d) to declare fouls and, generally, see that the rules are observed, e) to decide upon all goals, corner throws and goal throws, whether signified by the goal scorer or not. f) Goals, fouls, and other stoppages of the game shall be signified by whistle. The referee’s decision on questions of fact is final, and must be unconditionally carried out during the game. Note. A referee may alter his decision, providing such alteration be notified before the ball is again in play. A referee has power to stop play at any period of the game if, in his opinion, the behaviour of the players or spectators, or other exceptional circumstances, prevent the match from coming to a proper conclusion. 8. Goal Scorers. The goal scorers, having tossed for choice of ends, shall stand at the side and in a line with the front of each goal, and when they consider that the entire ball has passed through the goal posts, or over the goal line, at their respective ends only, they shall signify the same to the referee, a red flag denoting a corner; a white flag denoting a goal throw; and both flags to denote a goal. The goal scorers shall not change ends, and shall keep the score of goals of each team at their respective ends. 9. Timekeeeper. The timekeeper must be provided with an ordinary stop watch and a whistle, which will be provided by the Swimming Committee. He shall notify half-time and time by a whistle, and the signal shall take immediate effect. 10. Time. The duration of a match shall be not more than 14 minutes; 7 minutes each way. 3 minutes shall be allowed at half-time for change of ends. When the ball crosses the goal line, whether it be a goal, comer throw or goal throw, it shall be dead until the restart of the game, or until it leaves the hand of the player taking the throw, and all such time shall be deducted. Time occupied by disputes or fouls, or when the ball is thrown from the field of play, or lodges on an obstruction, as per Rule 21, shall not be reckoned as in the time of play. 11. Teams. Each side shall consist of 7 players, who shall wear drawers, or costumes, with drawers underneath the costumes. No oil or grease or other objectionable substance may be rubbed on the body.

68 Fifth Olympiad

1073 12. Captains. The captains shall be playing members of the teams they represent, they shall agree upon all preliminaries, and shall toss for choice of ends; the loser of the toss shall have choice of colours. If they are unable to agree upon any point, the referee shall decide it for them. 13. Starting. The players shall enter the water simultaneously and place themselves in a line with their respective goals. The referee shall stand in a line with the centre of the course, and, having ascertained that the captains are ready, shall give the word “Go”, and immediately throw or release the ball into the water at the centre of the field of play. From the start or restart a goal cannot be scored until the ball has been handled, viz., played with the hand below the wrist, either by two members of one team — in which case the scorer shall be within half distance of the goal attacked — or by a player of each team. An attempt on the part of the goalkeeper to stop the ball when it has been handled by the players of one team only, and shot from over half distance shall not constitute handling, and should the ball cross the goal-line, a goal throw shall be awarded. 14. Scoring. A goal shall be scored by the entire ball passing beyond the goal posts, and under the cross-bar. If, on the notification of half-time or time, the ball be not fully through the goal posts, no goal shall be allowed. A goal may be scored by the head or feet, providing the ball has been previously handled by two players, as provided by Rules 13 and 17. 15. Ordinary Fouls. It shall be a foul: a) to touch the ball with both hands at the same time; b) to hold the goal posts, rail, or side, during any part of the game; c) to walk about the bath; d) to stand on or touch the bottom during any part of the game; unless for the purpose of resting; e) to interfere with an opponent or impede him in any way, unless he is holding the ball; f) to hold the ball under water when tackled; g) to jump from the bottom or push from the side — except at starting or restarting — in order to play the ball or duck an opponent; h) to hold, pull back, or push off from an opponent; i) to turn on the back and kick at an opponent; j) to assist a player at the start or restart of the game, or for any player to push off from any part of the goal posts; k) for the goalkeeper to go more than 4 yards (met.) from his own goal line, or to take a goal throw improperly (Rule 20); l) in a free throw, to throw the ball at the goalkeeper or to an attacking player within two yards (met.) of goal (Rule 20); m) not to play the ball in accordance with the directions of the referee after a free throw or a throw in. n.) to touch the ball before it has reached the water, when thrown in by the Referee. (See Rules 17 and 21.) Note. — Clause e). — Dribbling or striking the ball is not “holding”, but lifting, carrying, pressing under water, or placing the hand under or over the ball when actually touching, is holding. Dribbling the ball up and through the posts is permissible. 16. Wilful Fouls. If, in the opinion of the referee, a player commits an ordinary foul — Rule 15 — wilfully, or one of the following specified offences, the referee shall at once order him out of the water until a goal has been scored. It shall be considered a wilful foul: a). to start before the word “Go”; b) to deliberately waste time; c) for a player to take up a position within two yards (met.) of his opponent’s goal-line; d) to deliberately change position after the Referee has blown the whistle to stop the game and until the ball is again in play; e) to deliberately splash in the face of an opponent; f) to strike at the ball with the clenched fist.

1074 Any player ordered out of the water for misconduct or for a wilful foul, shall not re-enter until a goal has been scored, notwithstanding that half-time may intervene, or extra time be played, and then only with the consent of the referee. Note. — In the event of a referee ordering a player out of the water and such player refusing to obey, the game shall be stopped, and the match awarded to the other side.

17. Free Throws. The penalty for each foul shall be a free throw to the opposing side from the place where the foul occurred. The referee shall declare a foul by blowing a whistle and exhibiting the colour of the side to which the free throw is awarded. The player nearest to where the foul occurred shall take the throw. The other players shall remain in their respective positions from the blowing of the whistle until the ball has left the hand of the player taking the throw. A free throw shall be such as, in the opinion of the referee, allows all players to see when the ball leaves the hand of the thrower. In the event of illness or an accident, or of one or more players from each team committing a foul so nearly at the same moment as to make it impossible for the referee to distinguish who offended first, he shall have the ball out of the water and throw it in as nearly as possible at the place where the foul occurred, in such a manner that one member of each team may have an equal chance of playing the ball. In such cases the ball must be allowed to touch the water before it is handled. In all cases where a free throw is allowed under this Rule, and under Rules I5, I6, 19 20 and 21, the ball must be handled, i. e., played with the hand below the wrist, by more than one player before a goal can be scored. 18. Penalty Throw. A player wilfully fouled when within four yards (metres) of his opponent’s goal line, shall be awarded a penalty throw, and the player who commits the offence must be ordered out of the water until a goal has been scored. The player to whom a penalty throw is awarded shall proceed to any point on the four yard (met.) line and await the signal of the referee by whistle. In the case of a penalty throw, it shall not be necessary for the ball to be handled by any other player before a goal can be scored, but any player within the four yard (met.) line may intercept a penalty throw. 19. Goalkeeper. The goalkeeper may stand to defend his goal, but he must not throw the ball beyond half distance: the penalty for so doing shall be a free throw to the opposing side from half distance at either side of the field of play. The goalkeeper must keep within 4 yards (met.) of his own goal line, or concede a free throw from the 4 yard (met.) line to his nearest opponent. The goalkeeper is exempt from Clauses a, c, d and g, in Rule 15, and Clause f in Rule 16, but he may be treated as any other player when in possession of the ball. Except when injury or illness compels him to leave the water — when Rule 22 shall apply — the goalkeeper can only be changed at half-time. In the event of a goalkeeper being ordered out of the water, his side cannot appoint another goalkeeper except at half-time, as defined above, and any player defending the goal in his place shall not enjoy the special limitations and exceptions attached to a goalkeeper. 20. Goal and Corner Throws. A player throwing the ball over his own goal line shall concede a free comer throw to his opponents, and such free comer throw shall be taken from the two yard (met.) line at the side of the bath, by the player on the opposing side nearest the point where the ball leaves the field of play. If the attacking side throw the ball over, it shall be a free goal throw to their opponents’ goalkeeper, who must pass the ball to another player or beyond the two yard (met.) line. The whistle must be blown immediately the ball crosses the goal line, and from that time until the ball leaves the hand of the player taking the free throw, all players must remain in their respective positions. Note. — If a goalkeeper puts the ball in play by a free throw, and, before any other player has handled, regains possession, and carries it back right through his goal, a comer throw shall be awarded to the opposing side. 21. Out of Play. Should a player send the ball out of the field of play at either side, it shall be thrown in any direction from the spot where it went out by one of the opposing side, and shall be considered a free throw. The player nearest the

1075 point where the ball leaves the field of play must take the throw. Should the ball strike or lodge on an overhead obstruction, it shall be considered out of play, and the referee shall then stop the game and throw the ball into the water under the said obstruction. The ball must be allowed to touch the water before it is handled, and must be handled by more than one player before a goal can be scored. 22. Leaving the Water. A player leaving the water, or sitting or standing on the steps or sitting on the side of the bath in which the match is being played, during the progress of the game, except in case of illness or accident or by permission of the referee, shall not re-enter the water until a goal has been scored, or until half-time. Any player having left the water must have the permission of the referee before re-entering, and he may only re-enter at his own goal line. A player leaving the water during the progress of the game, without the permission of the referee, or refusing to re-enter the water at the request of the referee, shall be deemed guilty of misconduct, and be disqualified from all competitions during the Olympic Games.

1076 High Dive.

Plain Header

1077 High Dive.

1. Backward Header. 2. Backward somersault.

1078 High Dive.

3. Backward spring outwards and turning inwards with header.

1079 High Dive.

4. Backward spring outwards and turning 5. Backward spring outwards inwards with somersault. and turning inwards with somersault.

1080 High Dive.

6. Armstand with header.

1081 High Dive.

7. Armstand with overback.

1082 High Dive.

8. Armstand with somersault.

1083 High Dive.

9. One somersault forwards.

1084 High Dive.

10. Flying somersault forwards.

1085 High Dive.

11. One and a half somersault forwards.

1086 High Dive.

12. Islander’s dive.

1087 High Dive.

13. Mollberg’s dive.

1088 Spring Board Dive.

Plain Header. I. Falling Dive forwards.

2. Ordinary header forwards, 3. Screw Dive forwards (arms by sides). with half turn.

69 Fifth Olympiad 1089 Spring Board Dive

4. Screw Dive forwards 5. Pike Dive forwards. with one turn.

7. Forward somersault. 6. Pike Dive, (arms by sides).

1090 Spring Board Dive.

8. Flying somersault forwards.

9. One and a half somersault. 10. One and a half somersault, (arms stretched by sides).

1091 Spring Board Dive.

12. Mollberg’s dive. 11. Isander’s dive.

13. Falling dive backwards. 14. Ordinary header backwards.

1092 Spring Board Dive.

16. Backward somersault. 15. Pike dive with backward spring and turning inwards.

17. Pike dive with backward spring, 18. Pike dive with backward spring, turning inwards and somersault. turning inwards and somersault.

1093 WRESTLING. General Regulations. The competitions will be arranged by the Olympic Sub-Committee for Wrestling appointed by the Svenska Atletikförbundet (Swedish Athletic Union). The competition shall be confined to amateurs according to the following definition: An amateur is one who has never a) competed for a money prize or for monetary consideration, or in any way drawn pecuniary gain from the exercise of his sport; b) competed against a professional; c) taught in any branch of sport for payment; d) sold, pawned, hired out or exhibited for payment any prize won in a competition. Special Rules. 1. In all competitions the ring shall not be less than 5 metres square, and shall be sufficiently soft. 2. Competitors must have their finger nails trimmed short, and must not wear rings on their fingers or have any metal substance, such as buckles, in their belts or on their clothes. The wrestling costume shall cover the body from the shoulders to half of the thigh. Tight-fitting swimming drawers, suspensors, etc., are to be worn under the costume. 3. The wrestlers are divided into the following weight classes: Feather weight up to kilos (c:a lbs.) Light weight ( ) Middle weight, A ( ) Middle weight, B ( ) Heavy weight over ( ) Weighing, without wrestling costume, takes place on the first day of competition in the respective classes. A competitor will be allowed to compete in a heavier weight class than that to which he belongs, but in one class only, however. Should a competitor be found too heavy for the class in which he has entered, he will have the right to compete in a heavier weight class on making immediate application. 4. At the beginning of the competition, the opponents approach each other, shake each other’s right hand, then leave each other in the direction from which they started, whereupon the wrestling begins. 5. Wrestlers are forbidden to take hold of each other below the hips, and no part of an opponent’s body, with exception of the hands and arms, may be seized except with the flat hand. Furthermore, it is forbidden (when done with the sole intention of incommoding an opponent) to touch his face from the eyebrows down to the lower part of the chin, to seize by the throat, belt, or to hold the mat; to trip, strike, kick, tear, pinch etc. Twisting of the arms or the so-called back-hammer-lock, and all painful and dangerous holds in general are also barred. At a backward grasp of the body, head down, the attacker must go on his knee, and must not dash his opponent’s head on the carpet. 6. There shall be three judges, one of whom is to be referee and has to decide in case the other judges disagree. The officials are to intervene when dangerous grips are used, and have the power to disqualify any one who deliberately employs prohibited or dangerous holds. 7. A competitor who touches the carpet with both shoulders at the same time is defeated. Rolling falls are not counted. If during a rolling fall, a competitor has rolled from one shoulder to the other without having bridged, and afterwards, in the same way, has been forced back on to the first shoulder, this shall be

1094 counted as a fall. Falls with only the shoulders and head on the carpet and the rest of the body outside are counted if the judges consider that the competitor was not prevented by the fall outside from defending or attacking. In the event of a fall outside the carpet, dragging or carrying an opponent on to the carpet and there completing the fall is permitted, but, on the other hand, fresh holds must not be taken outside the carpet, unless an opponent is defending himself by getting off the carpet. If the judges deem that, by falling outside the carpet, a competitor was not in a position to defend himself, the above conditions do not apply. A competitor who intentionally gets off the carpet in order to avoid a fall shall be cautioned and, on repeating the offence, is liable to be disqualified. One judge must not of his own accord stop a wrestling bout as decided, before he is assured that at least one of the other judges agrees with him. This can be conveniently arranged by the judge who considers it to be a fall raising his hand or uttering the word “Fall“, whereupon the wrestling is immediately stopped as decided, if two judges agree. 8. The maximum limit for each bout is generally 60 minutes. If there has been no fall within the first 30 minutes, the judges can, nevertheless, declare the bout decided if one of the competitors has been continuously attacking, while the other has been almost entirely on the defence. This decision of the judges must, however, be unanimous, otherwise the bout is to be continued. If a further 30 minutes elapse without a fall, the bout is awarded to the one who has shown the best wrestling, i. e., who has made the most real attacks during the latter period. In order to decide this, the referee shall note the number of attacks which the competitors have made ‘on each other during the latter period of 30 minutes. The attacks are reckoned by points: I point for a good attack, 2 for an attack by which an opponent is almost made to fall. The referee calls out loudly and distinctly every time he notes an attack. If an attack is not accepted by both the other judges, it is not to be reckoned. Should this system not lead to any definite result, the wrestling is to be continued for a further 30 minutes under the same conditions, and so on. If neither of the competitors has made any real attack during the first 30 minutes, or in the following bouts, the judges can declare both to be defeated; this decision of the judges must be unanimous. If, at the end of a period, either of the competitors has such a hold on his opponent that a fall can be expected immediately, the wrestling shall not be stopped at once, but shall continue till some change takes place. Rules for the Draws. Principle: 2 defeats debar. Opponents are drawn by lot. Example : I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; 10, 11, etc. Thus, in the first round the following wrestle: 1 — 2 3 — 4 5 — 6 7 — 8 9 — 10 and 11 has a bye. The next round will be: 11 — 1 2 — 3 4 — 5 6 — 7 8 — 9, and finally 10 — 11. All have now wrestled twice, and those who have been defeated twice retire, whereupon the remainder continue according to the order fixed, until so many have suffered two defeats that only three competitors remain. These three wrestle for the prizes without regard to the preceding results, according to the following conditions:

1095 Example I: A beats B, B beats C: A I, B II, C III prize. Example II: A beats B, C beats B, A beats C: A I, C II, B III Example III: A beats B, C beats B, C beats A: C I, A II, B III This wrestling for the prizes shall be decided by actual falls. The above-mentioned alphabetical designation is distributed after the wrestling of the first pair is decided; the winner is designated by A, the loser by B, and the competitor with a bye is designated by C. Opponents of the same nation are not to meet as long as it is avoidable. However, even if by so doing two opponents of the same nationality cannot avoid meeting, all must take part in every round, and odd numbers that occur, participate as first competitors in the following round. If, in the preceding example, 1 and 2 have been of the same nationality, I and 3 meet instead, or the following competitors of different nationalities, 2 and 4, etc. The protocol shall be drawn up according to the following plan, in which an example is given. A win is indicated by +; a defeat by — The time taken by each pair shall be recorded. In the following plan the different pairs are indicated by running numbers to show the order in which they are to compete. The different nations represented are indicated by A, B, C, etc. Plan :

Thus, numbers 3, 6 and 10 survive to wrestle for the prizes, both the first -named with I defeat each, the last without any defeat. All the others have retired with 2 defeats. 1096 YACHT RACING. GENERAL REGULATIONS. 1. At the request of the Swedish Olympic Committee, the Olympic Yacht Races will be organized by the Royal Swedish Yacht Club. The management will be in the hands of the Sailing Committee of the Club. 2. The helmsman and every member of the crew of a yacht competing in the Olympic yacht races, must be an amateur. 3. Every member of a recognized sailing club is an amateur, who has never carried on yacht sailing as a profession, nor, during the last five years, has followed other sailing as a trade. 4. Yachts and crews competing in the Olympic Yacht Races must be selected and entered by such National Authority as defined in the rules of the Inter- national Yacht Racing Union, or, where no such authority exists, by the Olym- pic Committee of that nation. 5. The amateur status of every competitor must be guaranteed by the National Authority, or, where no such authority exists, by the Olympic Committee of that nation. 6. Only two (2) yachts from every nation can be entered for each class. 7. A “nation” in the Olympic sense, is any country having such National Author- ity as defined in the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union, or having separate representation on the International Olympic Committee, or, where no such representation exists, any country recognized as a “nation” at the last Olympic Games, and, further, any sovereign state, not forming part of a states-union, as well as any states-union under one and the same sovereign jurisdiction. Natural-born or naturalized subjects of a “nation” or of a sovereign state, of which a “nation” forms part, are alone eligible to represent that “nation” at the Olympic Yacht Races. 8. In each class there will be 2 ordinary races, with the following method of scoring: 1:st place points 2:nd place points 3:rd place point Should two or more yachts in any class tie under these conditions, they shall re-sail, as stated in the accompanying table. 9. The Olympic yacht races are arranged for the 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-Metre international R. classes. 10. The Olympic yacht races will be sailed under the racing rules of the Inter- national Yacht Racing Union, with the additions made in this notice. 11. The following prizes will be awarded in each class: I:st prize: Gold Olympic Medal to the helmsman, and silver-gilt Olympic Medal to every member of the crew. 2:nd prize: Silver Olympic Medal to the helmsman and every member of the crew. 3:rd prize: Bronze Olympic Medal to the helmsman and every member of the crew. In addition to this, the Commemorative Plaque of the Royal Swedish Yacht Club will be presented to the owner of every prize-winning yacht. 12. In the 12-metre class, a Gold Olympic Medal will be presented to the mate or leading hand of the winning yacht, instead of the silver-gilt Olympic Medal, and, in the 6-metre class, the Challenge Cup of the French Government will be awarded to the owner of the winning yacht.

1097 13. The number of persons allowed on board during the Olympic Yacht Races, in conformity with the rules of the International Yacht Racing Union is: in the 12-Metre class

Persons in excess of the regulated number may be entered, but must be specially indicated as substitutes. Note: According to regulation 2, every person on board must be an amateur. 14. There will be no entrance fee. 15. The prescribed fee to be lodged on entering a protest is Kr. 50 (45/-). 16. The Olympic Yacht Races will be sailed over courses at Nynishämn (in the vicinity of Stockholm). 17. Entry of a yacht and of every member of the crew, as well as of substitutes, should be made in writing, on special forms, to the Kungl. Sveska Segel Sällskapet, Stockholm, which, on application, will supply the entry forms and will give every information desired. Entry of a yacht must be accompanied by a certificate of rating in original or confirmed copy, stating the immersion of the yacht in fresh water. 18. The Sailing Committee will hold a survey of the competing yachts to see whether the prescribed salt- and fresh-water marks and the spar marks, if any, have been attached, and that the maximum immersion of the yacht is as indicated by the fresh-water marks; and for this survey a competing yacht must report her presence in Nynäshamn to the office of the Royal Swedish Yacht Club there not later than noon, Friday July 19, 1912. 19. Entries for the Olympic Yacht Races close at 8 p. m., Thursday, 20 June 1912. Notice of entry given by telegram, sent before noon, 20 June 1912, will be accepted, if confirmed by post, by a written entry enclosing the prescribed documents. 20. Starting programme, sailing instructions and numbers will be supplied between 16—18 July at the office of the “Kungl. Svenska Segelsgllskapet”, Kastellhol- men, Stockholm, and between 19—22 July at the office of the Club at Nynäs- hamn.

Table giving all possible results of the two ordinary races. In each of the two ordinary races 7 points will be given for a first place, 3 for a second and I for a third.

Highest number of points Number of points for a yacht for other yachts after the two placed, after the R e - s a i l i n g: ordinary two ordinary races. races. No re-sailing. Yachts with 1 point re-sail for the 3:rd prize. Yachts with 4 points re-sail for the 2:nd and 3:rd prizes. No re-sailing. Yachts with 3 points re-sail for the e:nd and 3:rd prizes. Yachts with 10 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes. Yachts with 10 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes, and yachts with I point re-sail for the 3:rd prize.

1098 Highest num- Number of points ber of points for other yachts for a yacht placed, after the R e - sailing: after the two two ordinary ordinary races. races.

No re-sailing.

Yachts with 8 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes. Yachts with 8 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 3 points for the 3:rd prizes. No re-sailing.

Yachts with 3 points re-sail for the 3:rd prize. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 4 points for the 3:rd prize. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes. Yachts with 7 points re-sail for the 1:st and 2:nd prizes, and yachts with 3 points for the 3:rd prize.

1099 AFTERMATH. AFTERMATH.

he aftermath of the Fifth Olympiad has been rich almost beyond expectation. Addresses of thanks have flowed in from far and near, and everywhere in the world the news- papers published lengthy descriptions of the Games. Large numbers of letters and telegrams have been sent by corporations and private persons, and the Swedish Olym- pic Committee has received much other evidence that its work for the organization of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912, was appreciated both within and beyond the borders of Sweden. It would require volumes to give anything like a complete summary of what has been said of the Olympic Games of Stockholm and their organization, but a more suitable conclusion to this Report cannot be found than the publication of the official communications in this respect received from the International Olympic Committee, the Natio- nal Olympic Committees, and other similar bodies.

Letter addressed, after the close of the Games, by Baron Pierre de Coubertin, President of the International Olympic Committee, to H. M. King Gustaf V. Sire. Au nom du Comité International Olympique, je viens présenter á Votre Majesté ainsi qu’á Sa Mkjesté la Reine le tribut de notre très respectueuse gratitude. Par l’assiduité de son auguste présence aux Jeux, par la création de la Médaille commémorative, par tant de marques précieuses d’une persévérante bienveillance. Votre Majesté a pris une part considérable au succés de cette magnifique Olym- piade. 1103 Grâce à la nation Suédoise dont l’effort unanime fut guidé par celui de son plus noble fils, l’Olympisme renaissant remporte une victoire décisive. Il nous est agréable de penser que l’Olympisme à son tour a procuré à la Suede un surcroît d’intelligente sympathie de la part des peuples divers qui furent représentés aux Jeux par l’élite de leurs forces juvéniles. Je prie Votre Majesté ainsi que Sa Majesté la Reine de daigner accepter au soir de ces fêtes inoubliables, avec l’expression de notre fidèle reconnaissance l’hommage de notre plus profond respect. PIERRE DE COUBERTIN.

H. M. The King's reply to Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Monsier le Baron, S. M le Roi me charge de vous présenter les vifs sentiments de reconnaissance de sa part de même que de la part de Sa Majesté la Reine pour les mots aimables que vous venez d’adresser à LL. MM. Ainsi qu’il est dit dans le discours du Roi au moment de l’inauguration, Sa Majesté tient à vous répéter qu’Il considère comme un grand honneur pour son pays d’avoir reçu dans sa capitale tous les délégués des differentes nations repré- sentant l’élite des fils de chaque pays. Ayant l’espoir que les Jeux Olympiques de Stockholm demeureront un bon souvenir pour tous les participants, Leurs Majestés vous adressent à vous, Monsieur le Baron, ainsi qu’à tous les membres du Comité International, leurs compliments pour la belle oeuvre que vous venez de terminer. Par ordre du Roi: Le maréchal de la Cour, DE P EYRON.

Letter sent by Baron Pierre de Cou- bertin to the Swedish Olympic Committee. 22 Juillet, 1912. Monsieur le Président, Messieurs et chers collégues. Au nom du Comité International Olympique je viens vous exprimer notre gratitude et en méme temps notre admiration sincere pour la celebration de cette V:ème Olympiade à laquelle vous avez su donner un éclat incomparable. Nous vous prions d’accepter avec l’expression de ces sentiments le souhait que nous formons tous pour la consolidation des liens de bonne amitie qui se sont noués entre nous tous au tours de ces journées inoubliables. Le Comité qui a realise de pareille façon une oeuvre si considérable est de ceux dont la collaboration est entre toutes précieuse et désirable pour le développe- ment et le progrés de l’institution Olympique. Nous y comptons, n’est-ce pas? et saisissons cette occasion de vous remettre ci- joint l’invitation à prendre part au grand congrés de Paris en 1914. Veuillez, Monsieur le President, Messieurs les Membres du Comite Suédois, trouver ici l’assurance de nos sentiments les plus affectionnés et les plus dévoués. PIERRE COUBERTIN. 1104 Letter from Colonel Charles Graves, U. S. A. Minister in Stockholm. Legation of the United States of America. Stockholm, September 24th 1912. Excellency, I have the honor, by direction of the Department of State, to beg you to convey to His Majesty the King of Sweden, to the War Department of Sweden and to the Authorities of the Olympic Games, an expression of the sincere appreciation by the Honorable H. L. Stimson, Secretary of War of the United States, of the honors and courtesies shown to the representatives of the United States War De- partment at the Fifth Olympiad at Stockholm.

I take this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurance of my most distinguished consideration. His Excellency CHARLES GRAVES. Count Albert Ehrensvärd, Minister for Foreign Affairs. Letter sent by Colonel Robert M. Thompson, President of the U. S. A. Olympic Committee, to H. R. H. Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. On board S. Y. Catania, Stockholm, July 19, 1912. Your Royal Highness, For the American Olympic Games Committee and the American athletes I thank you, and, through you, the Swedish Committees, for the hospitality extended to us and our athletes. I wish also to express my appreciation of the perfection of detail and management of the Games, which will make the Fifth Olympiad ever remembered as the model of what such Games should be. I am, with great respect, Your obedient servant, ROBERT M. THOMPSON. President American Olympic Games Committee.

Letter from Colonel Robert M. Thompson. On board S. Y. Catania, Stockholm, July 19, 1912. My dear Colonel Balck, For myself and for the American athletes I thank you, and, through you, all the members of your several Committees, for the constant kindness and hospitality with which you have received and treated us since our arrival in Sweden. We return home in love with your land, its brave men and its beautiful women, and we will long remember the Fifth Olympiad as the model of what Olympic Games should be. Believe me, Very cordially yours, ROBERT M. THOMPSON President American Olympic Games Committee. 70 Fifth Olympiad. 1105 Letter from James E. Sullivan, Esq. Secretary to the U. S. A. Olympic Com- mittee. September 18th, 11. Col. Victor G. Balck, President, Kristian Hellström, Secretary, Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, Sweden. My dear Sirs, I beg to acknowledge receipt of yours of the 4:th inst. and I thank you very much indeed for the kind expressions contained therein. It was a pleasure to have supported you in your work. During my many years’ connection with athletics, I have never worked with a Committee that gave the entire satisfaction that the Swedish Olympic Committee did. In all our dealings with you, you were prompt and courteous, and when we asked favours, they were cheerfully granted. So, on the whole, it was a pleasure to have worked for Sweden, and I hope when the Games travel around from country to country, we will all be alive and that they will again be held in your beautiful city and we can again enjoy your kind hospitality. The Games ended with good feeling all around, and all the Americans were happy and satisfied. I feel sure the hundreds of Americans in our party will agree with me in these expressions. Yours very truly, JAMES E. SULLIVAN Secretary American Committee. Letter from Professor W:m M. Sloane, Member of the International Olympic Committee. Hotel Rose, Wiesbaden, Sept. 15, 1912. Dear Mr. Hellström,

When you look at the token of American respect and good will you will remember that, without exception, every American present at Stockholm, whether as participant or onlooker, carried away the most pleasant memories of their own kind treatment — and something far more; a profound respect for the Olympic Institution itself and gratitude to those who raised it to the height of its full importance by prudence, forethought, capacity and hospitality. Among these you were not the least. Ever sincerely W:M M. SLOANE.

Letter from Mr. J. W. Hill, Leader of the Australasian Swimming Contingent. 8, Bayley Street, London, W. C., 9th August 1912. Kristian Hellström, Esq., Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm. Dear Sir, I have to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 2:nd instant, and to thank you for the sentiments expressed therein. I can assure you both personally and on behalf of the small Australian team, that our memories of Stockholm are all 1106 pleasant ones, and that our stay there will always be a green spot in our lives to look back upon. The small swimming team, which, with myself, arrived as the first of the foreign competitors to reach Sweden, are especially indebted to you, your Committee, and the good people of Sweden for their exceedingly enjoyable sojourn in your city. I have already acknowledged our indebtedness to the Presi- dent of the Swimming Committee, and now take this opportunity of thanking you and congratulating you on the brilliant success of the Fifth Olympiad, due mainly to your own self-sacrificing and unselfish work of organisation. Perhaps it may be some recompense to you to think that your labours are appreciated by the small contingent from far-off Australia, to whom not the least pleasing feature of the Olympic Games of 1912 is that the country which received them in such a hos- pitable manner, has the honour of heading the list of the competing nations.

Yours very faithfully, J. W. HILL. Australian Olympic team 1912. Letter from the Austrian Swimming Association. Wien, den 5. April 1913. Verehrliches Organisationskomitee der Olympischen Spiele in Stockholm, Stockholm. In höflicher Beantwortung Ihrer sehr geehrten Zuschrift vom 2. d. M. danken wir Ihnen herzlichst für das schöne Erinnerungszeichen in Form des Diplomes. Es hätte aber wahrlich keines Diplomes bedurft, um uns Schwimmern Ihre liebe Heimatsstadt dauernd in Erinnerung zu bringen. Die sonnigen Tage, die Ausflüge nach Saltsjöbaden und Sandhamn und last but not least die Liebenswürdigkeit der schwedischen Damen und Herren, die uns den Aufenthalt so angenehm als möglich machten, wird dem schönen nordischen Vene- dig ein dauerndes Andenken in unseren Herzen bewahren. Hoffentlich ist uns in absehbarer Zeit die Gelegenheit gegeben, Ihnen bei dem gleichen Anlass in Wien die edle Gastfreundschaft, die Sie uns gewährten, zu erwidern. Genehmigen Sie die herzlichsten schwimmsportlichen Grüsse und den verbind- lichsten Dank für die schöne Erinnerung von Ihrem erg. Verband der Österreichischen Schwimmvereine. FRANZ SCHUH.

Letter from Baron de Laveleye, Pre- sident of the Belgian Olympic Committee. 5 Jette St. Pierre /8 1912. Monsieur Kr. Hellström, Secrétaire du Comité des Jeux Olympiques, Stockholm. Cher Monsieur, Je viens de rentrer en Belgique et reçois votre aimable lettre du 31 Juillet. Je suis très heureux, en réponse, de pouvoir vous exprimer la très vive recon-

1107 naissance éprouvée par toute notre délégation pour l‘accueil véritablement excellent que nous avons reçu de votre comité dans la superbe ville de Stockholm. Il y a un ou deux choses dans un don : le don lui-même et la manière de le donner; J e puis vous assurer que votre Comité a réussi à joindre de manière parfaite la réception de ses hôtes la plus brilliante et la plus hospitalière à l‘offre du spectacle sportif le plus complet et le mieux organisé qu‘il nous a été donné d‘admirer jusqu‘ici. Je vous prie d‘être auprès de votre président et votre comité l‘interprète de la délégation belge tout entière et de croire personnellement à mes meilleurs senti - ments de très sincère et de très vive cordialité. Le Président du C. B. J. O. Baron DE LAVELEYE.

Letterfrom Mr. E. Henrion, Secretary to the Belgian Olympic Committee. Etterbeek-Bruxelles, le 5 Octobre 1912. Monsieur le Président, Très flatté de votre très honorée lettre du 5 Septembre 1912 m‘exprimant les remerciements de votre Comité pour les quelques services que j‘ai rendu aux Jeux Olympiques, je m‘empresse de vous exprimer toute la satisfaction que j‘ai eue de travailler pour une aussi noble cause et l‘agrément que j‘ai éprouvé a correspondre avec un comité exécutif aussi parfait que le vôtre. Je suis heureux de remercier toutparticulièrement Monsieur le Secrétaire Général de l‘empressement et de la grande amabilité qu‘il a toujours mise dans nos rapports. Veuillez agréer, Monsieur, l‘expression de ma haute consideration.

A Monsieur le Président du Comité E. HENRION. d‘Organisation des Jeux Olympiques, Stockholm.

Letter from the Bohemian Olympic Committee. Prague le 26 juillet 1912.

Le Comité d‘Organisation des Jeux Olympiques 1912, Le Secrétariat, à Stockholm. Messieurs, Le Comité Olympique Tchèque se permet, à l‘occassion de la clôture de la cinquième Olympiade, de Vous exprimerses félicitations très sincères de la splendide réussite des Jeux Olympiques à Stockholm. Grâce à Votre effort l‘oeuvre de 1 réorganisation des Jeux Olympiques a atteint une hauteur inattendue, mais digne de la grande idée de son initiateur Mr. le Baron Pierre de Coubertin. Ensuite le Comité Olympique Tchèque Vous remercie très chaleureusement de tant de gracieuse hospitalité dont les Tchèques avaient été l‘objet pendant tout leur séjour à Stockholm. Nous n ‘oublierons jamais, avec laquelle bienveillance le Comité d‘organisation suédois avait accueilli, au cours de nos travauxmutuels, tous nos voeux et nos désirs.

1108 Veuillez agréer, Messieurs, l’expression de nos sentiments meilieurs et les plus reconnaissants. Le Comité Olympique de la Bohême Le Président: Le Secrétaire Général : Dr. JIRI GUTH. I. ROESSLER-OROVSKY.

Telegram sent by Dr. ]iri Guth, Pre- sident of the Bohemian Olympic Com- mittee, to H. R. H. the Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf. Son Altesse Royale Prince Royal de Suéde, Stockholm. Comité Olympique Tchèque Prague à l’occasion de clôture de cinquième Olym- piade félicite Comité Suédois de splendide organisation des Jeux et remercie Votre Altesse Royale de tant de grâces envers les Tchèques en présentant ses hommages les plus respectueux. Dr. JIRI GUTH, Président.

Letter from the British Olympic Council. London, S. W., 21st August, 1912. Dear Sir, Owing to the serious illness of Mrs. Laffan I am dealing with corres- pondence on behalf of Mr. Laffan. At the meeting of the British Olympic Council held on and August, the Secre- tary was instructed to convey to the Swedish Olympic Committee, on behalf of the British Olympic Council, their very high sense of gratitude for the kindness and hospitality which had been received by the representatives of Great Britain during the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912, and at the same time to thank and congratulate the Swedish Olympic Committee on the stimulus afforded to the Olympic movement by their successful conduct of the Games. I am, Dear Sir, Your obedient servant, To The Secretary, F. W. JONES. Swedish Olympic Committee. Hon. Treas.

Letter from the English Amateur Ath- letic Association. London, August 2nd, 1912. Kristian Hellstrom, Esq., Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm. Dear Ur. Hellstrom, I am writing on behalf of the members of the English Athletic Team to thank you for your courtesy and kindness during our stay in Sweden for the Olympic Games of Stockholm. Although we did not do so well in the athletic events as we had hoped and expected, we have, I trust, taken our defeat as true sportsmen should. All our men are loud in their praises of the Swedes and all thoroughly enjoyed their visit to your beautiful country. May I take the opportunity of offer- 1109 ing our congratulations on Sweden’s success in heading the list of nations. It was a splendid performance of your country

With apologies for troubling you at such length and with many thanks for all your kindnesses. Believe me, Yours sincerely, S. G. Moss, Assistant Secretary.

(Translation.) Letter from Mr. M Kähni, Techni- cal Leader of the Chilian Con- tingent at the Games. Stockholm, 31 July, 1912. To the Swedish Olympic Committee. As the moment is approaching when I shall be obliged to leave Sweden and begin the return journey to my distant native land, Chili, I wish, before leaving, to address a few words of gratitude to the Organization that has directed the Olympic Games of Stockholm. I and my fellow-countrymen who came here to take part in the Games have enjoyed the friendship and hospitality of Swedish athletes in such full measure, that we feel we owe you an eternal debt of thanks, and I have been honoured by the commission to hereby convey to the Swedish Olympic Committee, the deep-felt gratitude of the Chilians for the memorable weeks we have spent in Sweden. As technical leader of the Chilian Delegation to the Olympic Games, may I be permitted to express my sincere admiration of the work you have carried out for the promotion of international athletics during the course of these Games, which will long remain an example for all nations of the manner in which such international competitions can, and ought to be organized. What we have learned at the Olympic Games of 1912 will, without doubt, tend most powerfully to the promotion of athletics in Chili, and it will be an honour and a duty for me to show the leading sportsmen in my native country that Swedish athletics, its votaries and protectors, are our best teachers. Yours most respectfully M. KÄHNI Technical Leader of the Chilian Delegation to the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912.

(Translation.) Letter from the Danish Olympic Committee. Copenhagen, 17 August, 1912. To the Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, The Danish Olympic Committee begs herewith to send its hearty thanks for all the hospitality and good will experienced by the Danish athletes during their stay at the Olympic Games of Stockholm. 1110 The Danish Committee seizes the opportunity to express its admiration of the excellent manner in which the Olympic Games of Stockholm were organized and directed. Yours faithfully FRITZ HANSEN, NATHANSEN President of the Committee. Vice-President and Acting-Secretary.

(Translation.) Telegram from the Icelandic Athletes. The Olympic Games, Stockholm. Icelandic athletes send Swedish Olympic Com- mittee best thanks for all kindness shown during the Games. Yours faithfully PJETURSSON.

Letter from Baron F. W de Tuyll de Serooskerken, President of the Dutch Olympic Committee. Au Comité d’organisation des Jeux Olympiques à Stockholm. Avant de quitter votre qelle ville de Stockholm le soussigné, Président du comité Olympique en Hollande, prend la liberté de vous offrir les plus sincéres remerciements pour la façon si aimable et si courtoise dont Vous avez accueilli les participants aux jeux olympiques. Votre organisation était si parfaite, Votre acceuil si chaleureux, Votre dévouement à la cause si profond que tout en Vous féli- citant de tout coeur pour le splendide résultat obtenu, nous Vous donnons l’assurance que le souvenir de la V:éme Olympiade restera à jamais gravé dans notre mémoire. Veuillez agréer, Messieurs, mes sentiments les plus reconnaissants et trés dévoués. F. W. DE TUYLL DE SEROOSKERKEN. Stockholm le 17 juillet 1912.

(Translation.) Letter from the Finnish Olympic Committee. To the Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm, The Finnish Olympic Committee assembled for the first time after the Olympic Games of Stockholm unite, in their own names and on the part of all the Finlanders who took part in the Games, to express, first, their unfeigned admiration of the brilliant manner in which the Swedish Olympic Committee carried out its trying task, and then their warm thanks for the hospitality, good will and sympathy that the representatives of Finland had the pleasure of experiencing in every quarter during the memorable weeks in Stockholm. The unexpected great success of the Finnish athletes during the Games would, of itself, be calculated to make the Fifth Olympiad one of the dearest and most lasting memories that can ever find a place in their hearts and in those of their fellow countrymen. The joy we experience at our success would not be so unmixed, however, if we had not also experienced how the ancient bonds of friendship uniting Swedish and Finnish athletes had been retained and strengthened by their meetings during the summer of 1912. The firm hope of the long continuance of this good understanding which, based 1111 as it is on mutual respect, friendship and confidence, is of such value for the athletic life of our country, increases the gratitude with which we shall always retain the memory of the glorious, sunshine-filled Olympiad of 1912 — the greatest, most important, most brilliant and best- organized athletic festival the world has ever seen. Helsingfors, August 1912. For the Finnish Olympic Committee: R. F. v. WILLEBRAND. IVAR WILSKMAN. AD. FR. LONDEN. AUGUST LUNDQVIST. GÖSTA WASENIUS. UNO WESTERHOLM. ERNST KROGIUS.

(Translation.) Telegram from Finnish athletes The Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm. Being about to return to our native country after unforgettable, sunny Olympic weeks in Stockholm, Finland’s athletes send, from the depths of their hearts, their warm and respectful thanks to the Swedish Olympic Committee, to the leaders and officials of the competitions, to fellow competitors, to the City of Stockholm, and to the people of Sweden. Letter from Paul Rousseau. Vice-Pre- sident of the French Cycling Association. 24, Boulevard Poissonnière, Paris, le 7 Août 1912. Monsieur Kristian Heliström, Secrétaire du Comité des Jeux Olympiques, Hamngatan I A, Stockholm, Suède. Monsieur le Secrétaire. J‘ai bien reçu, à mon retour de Stockholm, votre lettre du 31 Juillet. Je vous en suis très reconnaissant. J‘avais eu, du reste, l‘honneur de vous rendre visite avant mon départ et je vous avais laissé ma carte, mais je n‘ai pas eu le plaisir de vous rencontrer. Les Jeux Olympiques sont, en effet, terminés mais, nous en aurons retenu, comme vous, de profitables enseignements, et je suis persuadé, qu‘un jour, nous nous ren- contrerons encore dans quelque réunion sportive pour arriver, à donner, si possible, à toutes les épreuves de sport une organisation meilleure et obtenir de la part de tous les pays, des manifestations de plus en plus nombreuses et de plus en plus profitables pour les sports. En vous remerciant encore et en vous disant combien le me félicite de mon voyage en Suède, je vous prie d‘agréer, Monsieur le Secrétaire, l‘expression de mes sentiments les meilleurs et les plus distingués. Le Vice-Président de l‘U. V. F. PAUL ROUSSEAU. Letter from the German Olympic Committee.

Berlin, den 12. Oktober 1912. Hochgeehrter Herr Oberst! Im Namen des Deutschen Reichs-Ausschusses für Olympische Spiele sage ich Ihnen hiermit für die liebenswürdige Aufnahme und umfassende Gastfreundschaft, 1112 welche wir alle während unseres Aufenthalts in Stockholm fanden, unseren ver bindlichsten Dank. Während der unvergleichlich schönen Tage der V. Olympiade haben viele unserer jungen Sportsleute mit den schwedischen Kameraden enge Freundschaft geschlossen und ich gebe der Zuversicht Ausdruck, dass diese Freundschaft eine dauernde und der Ursprungimmer festerer Beziehungen zwischen den beiden stamm verwandten Nationen sein wird. Möge es uns vergönnt sein, Sie und die schwedischen Sportsleute im Jahre 1916 hier in Berlin recht zahlreich zu begrüssen, um unsere Dankbarkeit beweisen und zu einem Teil abtragen zu können. Mit dem Ausdruck meiner besonderen Hochachtung verbleibe ich, Herr Oberst, Ihr sehr ergebener VON PODBIELSKI, Staatsminister Präsident des Deutschen Reichausschusses für Olympische Spiele. An das Schwedische Organisationskomitee der V. Olympiade Z. H. des Herrn Oberst Balck, Stockholm. Letter from the Hungarian Olympic Committee. Budapest, am 9.-ten September 1912. Hochlöbliches Schwedisches Olympisches Organisationscomité, Stockholm. Das Präsidium des Ungarischen Olympischen Comités, von Stockholm zurück - gekehrt, erachtet es als seine angenehmePflicht so dem SchwedischenOlympischen Comités, wie auch allen jenen, die an dem Arrangement der Stockholmer Olym- piade mitgearbeitet haben, seinen aufrichtigsten und innigsten Dank auszusprechen. Sämtlichen Ungarischen Teilnehmern,werden so der grossartigen Empfang, wie auch die gastfreundliche Aufnahme, ewig unvergesslich bleiben. Es ist uns die Möglichkeit geboten wurden die Schwedenkennen und lieben zu lernen, und haben wir Ihre grossartige Kultur bewundert. Als Sporttreibende haben wir mit Bewunderungdas exacte und unerreichbar correcte Arrangement bestaunt. Das vollkommen precise und sportlich correcte Arrangement bezeugtedie muster- giftige Arbeit unserer Schwedischen Sportfreunde, dieses Arrangement kan einer jeden nachfolgenden Olympiad nur als leuchtendenBeispiel dienen. Wir sind dessen fest überzeugt, dass die allgemeine Anerkennung, welche von einen jeden Kulturstaate Ihnen zuteil wurde, das für diegeleistete übermenschliche Arbeit, der schönste Preis ist. Indem wir noch die herzlichste Gratulation Ihnen darbringen zu jenen grossartigen und gutverdienten Erfolgen, welche die Schwedische Nation im grossen Turnier der Völker erreicht hat, ersuchen wir Sie, dass Sie unsere Nation in angenehmer Erinnerung halten mögen. Uns bestens empfehlend verbleiben mit ganz besonder Hochachtung. MAGYAR OLYMPIAI BIZOTTSAG, Comité Olympique Hongrois. LAUBER, DE GERENDAY, JULES VON MUZSA, Secretär. Vicepräsident. Präsident.

1113 (Translation.) Letter from the Norwegian Olympic Committee. Gardermoen, 7 August, 1912. The Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm. On behalf of the Norwegian Olympic Committee I beg to send the Swedish Olympic Committee the heartiest and most respectful thanks for all that it has done during the Fifth Olympiad in Stockholm, which has just ended. Just as this Olympiad will always remain a brilliant event in the history of Sweden, so it will be an example to be followed‘ by us all. We admired the clear planning; we have watched its execution with the same admiration, and we have brought home with us to our nation a sum of useful and fundamental experience. On the part of all the Norwegian competitors and officials who shared in the Fifth Olympiad I beg to remain. Yours most respectfully JOHAN SVERRE, President.

(Translation.) Letter from Dr. Jayme Mauperrin Santos, President of the Portuguese Olympic Committee. Lisbon, 21 August, 1912. At an ordinary meeting held under my presidency, the Portuguese Olympic Committee unanimously resolved to write to you to express the deep sense of re- cognition and gratitude for your unwearied care and protection of the Portuguese competitors during the whole of their stay in Stockholm, as well as for the tokens of deep sympathy you evinced on the lamentable occasion of the death of our fellow — countryman, Francisco Lazaro. The only return the Portuguese Olympic Committee can make for all this exceeding kindness is this expression of its indel- ible sense of gratitude. With fraternal greetings, Dr. JAYME MAUPERRIN SANTOS , President.

Letter from G. Duperron, Secretary to the Russian Olympic Committee.

Le 2 Septembre 1912. Monsieur Kristian Hellström, Stockholm. De retour à Stockholm après une tournée à l‘étranger j‘ai trouvé votre aimable lettre. Je ne puis qu‘approuverle regret de ne pas avoir pu vous connaître davantage et je vous prie d‘accepter tout mon estime pour la grande oeuvre que vous avez si personnellementaccomplie. Mon travail dans le ComitéRusse me permet de considérer tout spécialement I ‘enorme effort que vous avez dû fournir pour la réussite des Jeux Olympiques. 1114 Veuillez agréer encore mes remerciments personnels pour toute l‘amabilité que j‘ai vu de votre part aux occasions des courtes entrevues que nous avons eues. G. DUPERRON.

Letter from the Servian Olympic Comrnittee. Belgrade 10—IX—1912 Mon Colonel, Le Comité Olympique Serbe a l‘honneur de vous remercierdu charmantaccueil que vous avez bien voulu réserver à ses représentants à la V Olympiade à Stock- holm, et vous prie de croire à sa sincère reconnaissance. Veuillez accepter, mon Colonel, pour vous-même les expressions de mes sentiments les plus dévoués. Président du Comité Olympique Serbe, Général NIK. STEFANOVITCH. Telegram from Captain E. Wetherell, Manager of the South African Con- tingent. Chairman, Olympic Committee. On our departure from Sweden we would thank you and your Committees for the excellent arrangements made for the Games and also for our personal comfort. The kindness we have received on all hands has been very great. We are leaving your country with great regret. Captain WETHERELL, and members of South African Olympic Team. Letter from J. Menkin, Esq., Secre- tary of the South African Olympic Committee. Johannesburg 21st October 1912. The Secretary, The Swedish Olympic Committee, I A, Hamngatan, Stockholm. Dear Sir, I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your favour of the 4th September, con- veying the thanks of your Committee, which was laid before my Committee, and I can assure you the flattering remarks therein contained were greatly appreciated. Whatever slight support and co-operation my Committee has been able to render you has been a pleasure and a benefit to them, as the results of the recent Games testify. In return, will you kindly convey to your Committee the warmest thanks of my Committee, not only for your kind help and support in obtaining quarters and accom- modation for the South African team, and for general assistance throughout, but also for your every effort to do honour where honour was due. Believe me, dear Sir, Yours sincerely, J. MENKIN, Secretary. 1115 Letter from Sidney H. Farrar, Esq., President of the south African Olympic Committee. 4, London Wall Buildings, London, E. C. 8th October 1912. The Secretary, Swedish Olympic Committee, Stockholm. Dear Sir, On behalf of the South African Olympic Committee who have now had an opportunity of seeing their athletes on their return to South Africa, I beg to tender to you and your Committee their sincere thanks for your great kindness and courtesy to the South African Team, which, I can assure you, has been very much appreciated throughout South Africa. Personally, I should like to add my sincere thanks to you for your prompt courtesy in all matters on which I have had occasion to refer to you. I am, dear Sir, Yours very truly, SIDNEY H. FARRAR, Chairman, London Committee, South African Olympic Team.

Letter-from Godefroy de Blonay, Mem- ber of the Swiss Olympic Committee. Monsieur Kristian Hellström, Stockholm. Monsieur, On me retourne aujourd‘hui la lettre que vous m‘avez l‘honneur de m‘adresser le 31 Juillett; je vous en remercie tout spécialement Soyezpersuadéque l‘immense tâche que vous avez menée à bien avec une compétencesans pareille vous vaut la reconnaissance de tous et que chacun de seul qui ont été en rapports avecvous eut désiré pouvoir collaborer dans une plus large mesure à votre travail. J‘espère avoir le plaisir de vous rencontrer encore avant mon départ, si cela ne devait pas être le cas je vous prie d‘accepter, Monsieur, avec l‘assurance de mes meilleurs sentiments tous mes voeux pour le bonheur qui vous attend prochainement. GODEFROY DE BLONAY. Grand Hôtel de Saltsjöbaden le 8 Août 1912.

1116 1116 CORRECTIONS.

Page 70, line 20 from bottom: for ‘Katrina’ read ‘Catania’. ‘, while’ ‘and’. top: ‘this’ ‘thus’. ‘officals’ ‘officials*. ‘order’ ‘Placing’. Plate 83 dele ‘Road’. ‘Harbour’. for ‘Sèvre’ read ‘Sèvres’. ‘Barret’ ‘Barrett’.

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