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Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan .\(

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Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan .\( Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan .\( -nONAL WILDUF& REFUGE SYSTEM U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Senrice Southeast Region November. 20 I I Date: t~ ..k 1L 2D LJ.-. Concur: Date: 1 • 2 c.- · '2 ° 1 "Z.. Concur: Date: / p ,2. t'- .2 111.2. Concur: Date3/2-.J"720/2_ Concur: Date: 3/Z- }/It­ ~ icky Ingram, Regional SupervisUJ; Southeast Region Approved by: ~ ~ ~---·----­ Date: 1-z'Y-/Z-- ~~ej; Southeast Region Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan ii Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope and Rationale ............................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Legal Mandates .................................................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Establishment of the Refuge ..................................................................................... 4 1.2.2 Federal Laws, Mandates, and Policies .................................................................... 4 1.2.3 Refuge Purpose ............................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Relationship to Other Plans ................................................................................................. 5 1.3.1 National and Regional Plans .......................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 State and Local Plans .................................................................................................... 8 1.3.3 Refuge Plans ................................................................................................................. 9 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING AND BACKGROUND ................................................ 11 2.1 Location ............................................................................................................................. 11 2.2 Management Compartments and Descriptions .................................................................. 11 2.3 Physical Features ................................................................................................................ 27 2.3.1 Climate .................................................................................................................... 27 2.3.2 Air Quality .............................................................................................................. 29 2.3.3 Geomorphology and Topography ........................................................................... 29 2.3.4 Hydrology ................................................................................................................... 29 2.3.5 Soils......................................................................................................................... 31 2.3.6 Changing Environmental Conditions ........................................................................... 35 2.3.7 Flyways ................................................................................................................... 36 2.4 History of Refuge Lands ..................................................................................................... 39 2.4.1 Cultural and Refuge Land History ............................................................................... 39 2.4.2 Prehistoric Habitat Conditions ..................................................................................... 46 2.4.3 Current Habitat Conditions ......................................................................................... 46 2.4.4 Habitat Changes from Historic to Current Conditions ............................................... 49 3.0 RESOURCES OF CONCERN ..................................................................................... 55 3.1 Identification of Refuge Resources of Concern ............................................................. 55 3.1.1 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................... 55 3.1.2 Colonial Waterbirds .................................................................................................... 57 3.2 Habitat Requirements of Resources of Concern ............................................................ 58 3.2.1 Waterfowl ............................................................................................................... 58 3.2.2 Colonial Waterbirds .................................................................................................... 62 3.3 Refuge Contribution to Habitat Requirements .................................................................. 63 3.3.1 Waterfowl ................................................................................................................... 64 3.3.2 Colonial Waterbirds .................................................................................................... 65 3.4 Reconciling Conflicting Habitat Needs ............................................................................. 65 3.5 Other Species With Complementary Needs ...................................................................... 65 3.6 Habitat of Special Interest .................................................................................................. 70 4.0 HABITAT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ..................................................................... 73 4.1 Impounded Freshwater Marsh Habitat Goal ...................................................................... 73 4.1.1 Objective 4.1.1 ............................................................................................................ 73 4.1.2 Objective 4.1.2 ............................................................................................................ 75 4.2 Unimpounded Freshwater Marsh Habitat Goal ................................................................. 76 iii Lacassine National Wildlife Refuge Habitat Management Plan 4.2.1 Objective 4.2.1 ............................................................................................................ 76 4.2.2 Objective 4.2.2 ............................................................................................................ 77 4.3 Moist Soil Habitat Goal ..................................................................................................... 78 4.3.1 Objective 4.3.1 ............................................................................................................ 78 4.3.2 Objective 4.3.2 ............................................................................................................ 79 4.4 Coastal Prairie Habitat Goal .............................................................................................. 81 4.4.1 Objective 4.4.1 ............................................................................................................ 81 4.4.2 Objective 4.4.2 ............................................................................................................ 82 4.5 Cropland Habitat Goal ....................................................................................................... 82 4.5.1 Objective 4.5.1 ............................................................................................................ 83 4.5.2 Objective 4.5.2 ............................................................................................................ 83 4.6 Forested Wetland [Bottomland Hardwood/Swamp] Habitat Goal .................................... 84 4.6.1 Objective 4.6.1 ............................................................................................................ 84 4.7 Lacassine Wilderness Goal ................................................................................................ 86 4.7.1 Objective 4.7.1 ............................................................................................................ 87 5.0 HABITAT MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES ................................................................... 89 5.1 Impounded Freshwater Marsh Habitat Management Strategies .................................... 89 5.1.1 Potential Strategies...................................................................................................... 89 5.1.2 Management Strategy Prescription ............................................................................. 89 5.2 Unimpounded Freshwater Marsh Management Strategies ............................................ 94 5.2.1 Potential Strategies.................................................................................................. 94 5.2.2 Management Strategy Prescription ......................................................................... 96 5.3 Moist Soil Management Strategies ................................................................................ 99 5.3.1 Potential Strategies.................................................................................................. 99 5.3.2 Strategy Prescription ............................................................................................. 100 5.4 Coastal Prairie Management Strategies........................................................................ 101 5.4.1 Potential Strategies................................................................................................ 101 5.4.2 Strategy
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