CHECKLIST OF PLANTS: BALCONES CANYONLANDS NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE

September 24, 2008

Note : Species marked with an asterisk (*) are endemic to Texas (most often confined to just Central Texas or the Edwards Plateau). (I) indicates introduced (non-native) species. Species in square [brackets] are found on lands immediately adjacent to the Refuge and might be expected within the Refuge boundary.

SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME

ACANTHACEAE ACANTHUS FAMILY Dyschoriste linearis Narrowleaf dyschoriste, Snake herb Justicia americana American water-willow *Ruellia drummondiana *Drummond wild-petunia Ruellia humilis Low wild-petunia Ruellia metziae Common wild-petunia Ruellia nudiflora var. nudiflora Common wild-petunia Siphonoglossa pilosella Tube-tongue

ACERACEAE MAPLE FAMILY Acer negundo Box-elder

AGAVACEAE AGAVE FAMILY *Nolina lindheimeriana *Devil's shoestring Nolina texana Sacahuista Yucca arkansana Arkansas yucca Yucca constricta Buckley yucca *Yucca rupicola *Twist-leaf yucca Yucca treculeana Trecul yucca

AMARANTHACEAE AMARANTH FAMILY Alternanthera caracasana Mat chaff-flower Amaranthus albus White amaranth Amaranthus palmeri Palmer's amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus Redroot pigweed Amaranthus sp. Amaranth Froelichia gracilis Snake-cotton

ANACARDIACEAE SUMAC FAMILY Rhus lanceolata Flameleaf sumac Rhus trilobata var. trilobata Fragrant sumac, skunkbush Rhus virens Evergreen sumac Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy (prob. 2 vars.)

APIACEAE (= Umbelliferae) CARROT FAMILY Bifora americana Prairie bishop Bowlesia incana Hoary bowlesia Centella erecta Spadeleaf Chaerophyllum tainturieri Chervil Cyclospermum leptophyllum Slimlobe celery *Daucosma laciniatum *Cutleaf daucosma Daucus carota Queen-Anne’s-Lace (I) Daucus pusillus Southwestern carrot Eryngium leavenworthii Levenworth eryngo Hydrocotyle umbellata Umbrella water-pennywort

1 Hydrocotyle verticellata Whorled water-pennywort Polytaenia nuttallii v. texana Texas parsley Sanicula canadensis Black snakeroot Spermolepis inermis Spreading scale-seed Torilis arvensis Hedgeparsley, Sockbane (I) Torilis nodosa Knotted hedgeparsley (I)

APOCYNACEAE DOGBANE FAMILY Amsonia ciliata Blue-star

AQUIFOLIACEAE HOLLY FAMILY Ilex decidua Possumhaw, Deciduous holly Ilex vomitoria Yaupon

ARACEAE ARUM FAMILY Arisaema dracontium Green dragon

ARISTOLOCHIACEAE BIRTHWORT FAMILY Aristolochia longiflora [A. erecta] Swanflower Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia pipevine

ASCLEPIADACEAE MILKWEED FAMILY Asclepias asperula Antelope-horns Asclepias oenotheroides Hierba de zizotes Asclepias texana Texas milkweed Asclepias verticellata Whorled milkweed [Asclepias viridis Green milkweed] Asclepias viridiflora Wand milkweed, green-flowered m. Cynanchum barbigerum Swallow-wort Cynanchum racemosum var. unifarium Talayote Funastrum crispum Wavyleaf twinevine Funastrum cynanchoides Twinevine Matelea biflora Purple milkvine Matelea cynanchoides Milkvine *Matelea edwardsensis *Plateau milkvine Matelea gonocarpa Anglepod Matelea reticulata Common milkvine

ASTERACEAE (= Compositae) SUNFLOWER FAMILY Achillea millefolium Yarrow Amblyolepis setigera Huisache daisy Ambrosia artemisiifolia Common ragweed Ambrosia psilostachya Western ragweed Ambrosia trifida Giant ragweed, bloodweed Aphanostephus ramosissimus Plains lazydaisy Aphanostephus riddelli Riddell lazydaisy Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Arkansas lazydaisy Arnoglossum plantagineum Indian plantain Artemisia ludoviciana Western mugwort, Mexican sagebrush Aster drummondii var. texanum Texas aster Aster ericoides Heath aster Aster praealtus Tall aster Aster sericeus Silky aster Aster subulatus Hierba de marrano Baccharis neglecta Poverty weed, False-willow Berlandiera betonicifolia Texas green-eyes Bidens frondosa Beggar-ticks

2 Brickellia cylindracea Brickellbush Brickellia dentata Leafy brickellbush, gravelbar b. Calyptocarpus vialis Lawn flower Carduus nutans ssp. macrocephalus Musk thistle (I) Carduus tenuiflorus Slender bristlethistle (I) Centaurea americana Basket-flower Centaurea melitensis Malta starthistle (I) *Chaetopappa bellidifolia *Hairy leastdaisy *Chaptalia nutans *Silver-puff Chrysactinea mexicana Damianita [Cirsium horridulum Yellow thistle] Cirsium texanum Texas thistle Cirsium undulatum Plumed thistle Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle (I) Conyza canadensis Horseweed Coreopsis tinctoria Plains coreopsis (including C. cardaminaefolia of C. & J.) Coreopsis wrightii (include. C. basalis) Wright coreopsis Dracopis amplexicaulis Clasping coneflower Dysodiopsis tagetoides Marigold dogweed [Echinacea angustifolia Purple Coneflower] Eclipta prostrata (E. alba) Yerba de Tago Engelmannia persitenia Engelmann daisy, Cutleaf daisy Erigeron modestus Plains fleabane Erigeron ortegae var. spinosus Mexican devilweed Erigeron philadelphicus Philadelphia fleabane Erigeron strigosus White-top, Prairie fleabane Eupatorium coelestinum Mistflower Eupatorium havanense Shrubby boneset Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot Eupatorium serotinum Late eupatorium Evax candida Silver rabbit-tobacco Evax prolifera Flathead rabbit-tobacco Evax verna Roundhead rabbit-tobacco Gaillardia pulchella Indian blankets Gaillardia suavis Rayless gaillardia Gamochaeta falcata/purpurea Purple cudweed Gamochaeta pensylvanica Cudweed Grindelia squarrosa Gumweed Gutierrezia dracunculoides Common broomweed Gutierrezia sarothrae Broom snakeweed Gutierrezia texana Texas broomweed Gymnosperma glutinosum Tatalencho Helenium amarum var. amarum Yellow bitterweed Helenium amarum var. badium Basin bitterweed Helenium microcephalum Smallhead sneezeweed Helenium quadridentatum Longdisk sneezeweed Helianthus annuus Annual sunflower Helianthus maximiliani Maximilian sunflower Heterotheca canescens Gray golden aster Heterotheca subaxillaris Camphor weed Hymenopappus scabiosaeus Old plainsman Hymenopappus tenuifolius Chalkhill woolywhite Iva angustifolia Narrowleaf sumpweed Iva annua Annual sumpweed *Krigia cespitosa (= K. gracilis) *Slender dwarf dandelion Krigia occidentalis Western dwarf dandelion

3 Lactuca ludoviciana Wild lettuce Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce (I) Liatris mucronata Blazing star Lindheimera texana Texas star Lygodesmia texana Skeleton-plant Marshallia caespitosa Barbara's buttons Matricaria matricarioides Pineapple weed Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot daisy Packera obovata Golden groundsel Packera tampicana (= S. imparipinnatus) Groundsel Palafoxia callosa Small palafoxia Parthenium confertum False ragweed, Crowded ragweed Parthenium hysterophorus False ragweed Perezia runcinata Peonia Perityle lindheimeri Lindheimer rock daisy Pinaropappus roseus White rock-lettuce Pluchea odorata Camphor marsh-elder Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Tall cudweed Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Carolina false dandelion Pyrrhopappus pauciflorus Texas dandelion Ratibida columnifera Mexican hat Rudbeckia hirta Brown-eyed susan *Senecio ampullaceus *Texas groundsel *Silphium albiflorum *White rosinweed [Silphium integrifolium v. asperrimum Tall rosinweed] Simsia calva Bush sunflower Solidago canadensis var. gilvocanescens Common/Canada goldenrod Solidago gigantea Giant goldenrod Solidago nemoralis Oldfield goldenrod Solidago radula Cat-tongue goldenrod Sonchus asper Prickly sowthistle (I) Sonchus oleraceus Common sowthistle (I) Taraxacum officinale Common dandelion (I) Tetragonatheca texana Plateau nerve-ray Tetraneuris linearifolia Slenderleaf bitterweed Tetraneuris scaposa Plains yellow-daisy Thelesperma filifolium Greenthread Thelesperma simplicifolium Navajo tea, slender greenthread Thymophylla (= Dyssodia) pentachaeta Parralena Verbesina encelioides Cowpen daisy *Verbesina lindheimeri *Lindheimer's crownbeard Verbesina virginica Frostweed Vernonia baldwinii Western ironweed Vernonia lindheimeri Wooly ironweed Viguiera dentata Plateau goldeneye Wedelia (= Zexmenia) texana Orange Zexmenia Xanthisma texanum var. drummondii Sleepy-daisy Xanthium strumarium Cocklebur

BERBERIDACEAE BARBERRY FAMILY Berberis trifoliolata Agarita

BORAGINACEAE BORAGE FAMILY Buglossoides arvensis --- (I) [Echium vulgare] [Blueweed (I)] Heliotropium tenellum Pasture heliotrope Heliotropium sp. ---

4 Lithospermum incisum Fringed puccoon Lithospermum matamorense Rough gromwell *Onosmodium helleri *Heller's marbleseed *Onosmodium bejariense var. bejariense *False gromwell

5 BRASSICACEAE (= Cruciferae) MUSTARD FAMILY *Arabis petiolaris *Rock-cress Capsella bursa-pastoris Shepherd's purse (I) Draba cuneifolia Wedgeleaf draba Draba platycarpa Broadpod draba Lepidium austrinum Southern pepperweed Lepidium virginicum Virginia Peppergrass *Lesquerella densiflora *Low bladderpod *Lesquerella engelmannii *Engelmann bladderpod Lesquerella gracilis White bladderpod *Lesquerella grandiflora *Big-flower bladderpod *Lesquerella recurvata *Plateau bladderpod Rapistrum rugosum Yellow rocket (I) Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Water-cress (I) Sisybrium irio London-rocket (I) Sisybrium officinale Hedge mustard (I)

BROMELIACEAE PINEAPPLE FAMILY Tillandsia recurvata Ballmoss

CACTACEAE CACTUS FAMILY Coryphantha sulcata Nipple cactus Echinocactus texensis Horse crippler cactus Echinocereus reichenbachii Lace cactus Escobaria missouriensis Plains nipple cactus Opuntia leptocaulis Tasajillo, Turkey pear Opuntia engelmannii var. lindheimeri Texas prickly pear Opuntia phaeacantha var. major Brown-spine prickly pear

CALLITRICHACEAE WATER-STARWORT FAMILY Callitriche heterophylla Water-starwort, Water-chickweed

CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER FAMILY Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower *Triodanis coloradoensis *Western Venus looking-glass Triodanis perfoliata Clasping Venus looking-glass

CAPPARIDACEAE CAPER FAMILY Polanisia dodecandra var. trachysperma Clammyweed

CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE FAMILY Lonicera albiflora White honeysuckle Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle (I) Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Coral-berry Viburnum rufidulum Rusty blackhaw

CARYOPHYLLACEAE PINK FAMILY Arenaria benthamii Hilly sandwort Arenaria serpyllifolia Thyme-leaf sandwort (I) Cerastium brachypodum Shortstalk chickweed Cerastium glomeratum Chickweed (I) Paronychia sp. Whitlow-wort Stellaria media Common chickweed (I) Vaccaria hispanica Cowcockle (I)

CHENOPODIACEAE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY Chenopodium sp. 1 Goosefoot (I)

6 Chenopodium sp. 2 Goosefoot (I)

CISTACEAE Helianthemum georgianum Georgia sun-rose, rock-rose

COMMELINACEAE SPIDERWORT FAMILY Commelina erecta Erect dayflower *Tinantia anomala *False dayflower *Tradescantia sp. 1 (ca. edwardsiana) *Plateau Spiderwort *Tradescantia sp. 2 (ca. gigantea) *Giant Spiderwort Tradescantia hirsutiflora Hairy-flower spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis Prairie spiderwort *Tradescantia subacaulis *Stemless Spiderwort

CONVOLVULACEAE BINDWEED FAMILY Convolvulus equitans Texas bindweed Dichondra carolinensis Grass ponyfoot Evolvulus nuttallianus Hairy evolvulus Evolvulus sericeus Silky evolvulus Ipomoea cordatotriloba Morning-glory

CORNACEAE DOGWOOD FAMILY Cornus drummondii Rough-leaf dogwood

CRASSULACEAE STONECROP FAMILY Sedum nuttallianum Yellow stonecrop

CUCURBITACEAE CUCUMBER FAMILY Cucurbita foetidissima Coyote gourd Ibervillea lindheimeri Balsam-gourd, Snake-apple Melothria pendula Meloncito

CUPRESSACEAE CYPRESS FAMILY Juniperus ashei Ashe juniper, Mountain cedar

CUSCUTACEAE DODDER FAMILY Cuscuta exaltata Tree dodder Cuscuta sp. Dodder

CYPERACEAE SEDGE FAMILY *Carex edwardsiana *Canyon sedge Carex frankii Franks sedge Carex microdonta Smalltooth sedge Carex muhlenbergii Muhlenberg sedge Carex perdentata Roundhead sedge Carex planostachys Cedar sedge Cladium mariscus ssp. jamaicense Saw-grass Cyperus acuminatus Taperleaf flatsedge Cyperus esculentus Yellow nut-grass Cyperus lupulinus flatsedge sp. Cyperus retroflexus Oneflower flatsedge Cyperus sp. flatsedge sp. Eleocharis acutisquamata Splitscale spikesedge Eleocharis caribaea Annual spikesedge Eleocharis montividensis Perennial spikesedge Eleocharis palustris Bigstem spikesedge Fimbristylis puberula Fimbry

7 Fuirena simplex Western umbrellagrass Kyllinga brevifolia Shortleaf flatsedge Rhynchospora colorata Showy whitetop sedge Rhynchospora nivea Snowy whitetop sedge

EBENACEAE EBONY FAMILY Diospyros texana Texas persimmon

ELATINACEAE WATERWORT FAMILY Elatine sp. Waterwort

EPHEDRACEAE EPHEDRA FAMILY Ephedra antisyphilitica Joint-fir, Popote

EQUISETACEAE HORSETAIL FAMILY Equisetum hyemale Tall scouring-rush

ERICACEAE HEATH FAMILY Arbutus xalapensis Texas madrone

EUPHORBIACEAE SPURGE FAMILY Acalypha lindheimeri Lindheimer's copperleaf Acalypha monostachya Round copperleaf Acalypha ostryifolia Hop hornbeam copperleaf Acalypha radians Sand copperleaf *Chamaesyce angusta *Blackfoot spurge Chamaesyce fendleri Fendler's spurge Chamaesyce hirta Pillpod spurge (I) Chamaesyce maculata Spotted spurge Chamaesyce nutans Eyebane Chamaesyce prostrata Prostrate spurge Chamaesyce serpens Mat euphorbia Chamaesyce villifera Hariy spurge Cnidoscolus texanus Bull nettle *Croton alabamensis var. texensis *Texabama croton Croton fruticulosus Bush croton Croton glandulosis var. septentrionalis Tropic croton Croton lindheimerianus Lindheimer’s croton Croton monanthogynus Oneseed croton, doveweed Croton texensis Texas croton Ditaxis humilis var. humilis Low wild mercury *Ditaxis simulans *Tall wild-mercury Euphorbia cyathophora Painted euphorbia, wild poinsettia Euphorbia dentata Toothed spurge Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-mountain Euphorbia spathulata Warty euphorbia Phyllanthus polygonoides Knotweed leaf-flower Sapium sebiferum Chinese tallow (I) Stillingia texana Texas stillingia Tragia brevispica Shortspike noseburn Tragia ramosa Common noseburn

FABACEAE PEA FAMILY Acacia angustissima var. hirta Fern acacia Acacia farnesiana Huisache Albizia julibrissin Mimosa, silktree (I) *Astragalus crassicarpus v. berlandieri *Groundplum milkvetch

8 Astragalus lotiflorus Lotus milkvetch Astragalus nuttallianus Nuttall's milkvetch Astragalus nuttallianus var. pleianthus Milkvetch Cassia fasciculata Partridge-pea Centrosema virginianum Butterfly-pea Cercis canadensis var. texensis Redbud Dalea aurea Golden dalea Dalea compacta var. pubescens Showy prairie-clover Dalea frutescens Black dalea *Dalea hallii *Hall’s dalea Dalea lasiathera Purple dalea Dalea multiflora White prairie-clover Dalea nana Dwarf dalea Desmanthus acuminatus Sharppod bundleflower Desmanthus illinoensis Illinois bundleflower Desmanthus velutinus Velvet bundleflower Desmodium paniculatum Panicled tickclover Desmodium psilophyllum Oneleaf tickclover Eysenhardtia texana Texas kidneywood Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Indigofera miniata var. leptosepala Scarlet pea Lespedeza texana Texas bushclover Lespedeza sp. (tall) bushclover sp. *Lupinus texensis *Texas bluebonnet Medicago lupulina Black medic (I) Medicago minima Small medic, small bur-clover (I) Medicago sativa Alfalfa (I) Melilotus albus White sweet clover (I) Melilotus indicus Sour clover, Yellow sweet clover (I) Mimosa borealis Pink mimosa Mimosa roemeriana Roemer's sensitive briar Parkinsonia aculeata Retama Pediomelum cuspidatum Tallbread scurf-pea, Indian-turnip *Pediomelum hypogaeum var. scaposum *Edible scurf-pea *Pediomelum latestipulatum var. appressum *Broad-stipule scurf-pea Pediomelum linearifolium Slimleaf scurf-pea, wild alfalfa Pediomelum rhombifolium Roundleaf scurf-pea Prosopis glandulosa Honey mesquite Psoralidium tenuiflorum Wedgeleaf scurf-pea Rhynchosia senna var. texana Texas snoutbean Senna lindheimeriana Lindheimer senna Senna roemeriana Two-leaf senna [Sesbania drummondii Rattlebush] Sophora affinis Eve's necklace Sophora secundiflora Texas mountain-laurel *Tephrosia lindheimeri *Hoary pea, Lindheimer's tephrosia Trifolium repens White clover (I) Vicia ludoviciana v. leavenworthii Leavenworth vetch Vicia sativa ssp. nigra Common vetch (I)

FAGACEAE BEECH FAMILY *Quercus buckleyi *Spanish oak Quercus buckleyi x marilandica Spanish x Blackjack oak (hybrid) Quercus fusiformis Plateau live oak Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak Quercus sinuata var. breviloba Shin oak, Scalybark oak

9 Quercus stellata Post oak

FUMARIACEAE *Corydalis curvisiliqua *Scrambled-eggs

GARRYACEAE *Garrya ovata var. lindheimeri *Lindheimer's silk-tassel

GENTIANACEAE GENTIAN FAMILY Centaurium beyrichii Mountain pink Centaurium calycosum Rosita Centaurium texense Lady Bird's centaury Eustoma russellianum Bluebell gentian [Sabatia campestris Prairie rose gentian]

GERANIACEAE GERANIUM FAMILY Erodium cicutarium Pin clover (I) Erodium texanum Texas stork's bill Geranium texanum Texas geranium

HALAGORACEAE WATER MILFOIL FAMILY Myriophyllum heterophyllum Water milfoil

HIPPOCASTANACEAE BUCKEYE FAMILY *Aesculus pavia var. flavescens *Pale buckeye Aesculus pavia var. pavia Red buckeye

HYDROPHYLLACEAE WATERLEAF FAMILY Nama hispidum Sand-bell, Rough nama Nama jamaicense Fiddleleaf nama Phacelia congesta Blue curls

IRIDACEAE IRIS FAMILY Nemastylis geminiflora Prairie pleatleaf, Celestials Sisyrinchium chilense Blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium "scabrum" Swordleaf blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium sp. (not scabrum) Blue-eyed grass

JUGLANDACEAE WALNUT FAMILY Carya illinoinensis Pecan Carya texana Black Hickory Juglans major Arizona walnut Juglans microcarpa Little walnut

JUNCACEAE RUSH FAMILY Juncus effusus Soft rush Juncus filipendulus Ringe-seed rush Juncus interior Interior rush *Juncus texanus *Texas rush Juncus torreyi Torrey rush

KRAMERIACEAE RATANY FAMILY Krameria lanceolata Trailing ratany

LAMIACEAE (= Labiatae) MINT FAMILY Hedeoma acinoides Annual pennyroyal Hedeoma drummondii Lemoncillo

10 Lamium amplexicaule Henbit (I) Lycopus americanus Water-horehound Marrubium vulgare Common Horehound (I) Mentha piperita Peppermint (I) Monarda citriodora Purple horsemint Monarda clinopodioides Basil beebalm Monarda punctata Spotted beebalm Physostegia angustifolia False dragon-head Salvia azurea Blue sage Salvia coccinea Tropical sage *Salvia engelmannii *Engelmann sage Salvia farinacea Mealy sage [Salvia reflexa Lanceleaf sage] Salvia roemeriana Cedar sage Salvia texana Texas sage Scutellaria drummondii Drummond's skullcap Scutellaria ovata Eggleaf skullcap Scutellaria wrightii Wright’s skullcap Stachys crenata Shade betony Teucrium canadense American germander Trichostema brachiatum Fluxweed Warnockia scutellarioides Prairie brazoria

LENTIBULARIACEAE BLADDERWORT FAMILY Utricularia gibba Cone-spur Bladderwort

LILIACEAE LILY FAMILY Allium ampeloprasum Wild leek (I) Allium canadense var. fraseri Fraser's wild onion Allium drummondii Drummond's onion Androstephium coeruleum Blue funnel-lily Camassia scilloides Wild hyacinth Cooperia drummondii Rain lily Cooperia pedunculata Giant rain lily Echeandia flavescens Torrey crag-lily Erythronium albidum White dog's-tooth violet Nothoscordum bivalve Crow poison Shoenocaulon texanum Green lily Zygadenus nuttallii Death camas

LINACEAE FLAX FAMILY Linum hudsonioides Hudson flax Linum rigidum var. berlandieri Yellow flax Linum rupestre Rock flax

LOASACEAE LOSA FAMILY Mentzelia oligosperma Stickleaf

LOGANIACEAE LOGANIA FAMILY Mitreola petiolata (Cynoctonum mitreola) Hornpod Spigelia hedyotidea Prairie pinkroot

LYTHRACEAE LOOSESTRIFE FAMILY Lythrum californicum California loosestrife, Hierba de Cancer *Lythrum ovalifolium *Low loosestrife

MALPIGHIACEAE MALPIGHIA FAMILY

11 Galphimia (= Thryallis) angustifolia Narrowleaf thryallis

MALVACEAE MALLOW FAMILY Abutilon fruticosum Indian mallow Callirhoe digitata Finger poppymallow Callirhoe involucrata ssp. involucrata Winecup, low poppy-mallow Callirhoe involucrata ssp. lineariloba Winecup Malva neglecta Common Mallow (I) Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii Turk's cap Rhyncosida physocalyx Beaked sida Sida abutifolia (= S. filicaulis) Spreading sida Wissadula holosericea Velvet-leaf Mallow

MELIACEAE MAHOGANY FAMILY Melia azedarach Chinaberry (I)

MENISPERMACEAE MOONSEED FAMILY Cocculus carolinus Carolina moonseed

MOLLUGINACEAE CARPETWEED FAMILY Mollugo verticillata Green carpetweed (I)

MORACEAE MULBERRY FAMILY Ficus carica Common fig (I) Morus alba White mulberry (I) Morus microphylla Texas mulberry Morus rubra Red mulberry

NYCTAGINACEAE FOUR O'CLOCK FAMILY Boerhavia diffusa Scarlet spiderling Boerhavia erecta Erect spiderling Mirabilis albida White four-o’clock

OLEACEAE OLIVE FAMILY Forestiera pubescens Elbowbush, Spring herald Fraxinus texensis Texas ash Menodora heterophylla Redbud Menodora longiflora Showy menodora

ONAGRACEAE EVENING PRIMROSE FAMILY Calylophus berlandieri ssp. pinifolius Berlandier evening-primrose Gaura coccinea Scarlet gaura Gaura parviflora Lizardtail, Small-flower gaura Gaura sinuata Wavy-leaf gaura Gaura suffulta Wild honeysuckle, Roadside gaura Ludwigia octovalvis Water-primrose Ludwigia palustris Creeping water primrose Oenothera grandis Large sundrops Oenothera jamesii River primrose Oenothera laciniata Cutleaf evening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa Fluttermill, Missouri primrose Oenothera speciosa Pink evening primrose Oenothera triloba Stemless evening primrose

ORCHIDACEAE ORCHID FAMILY Corallorhiza wisteriana Wister coralroot [Epipactis gigantea Giant Helleborine, Chatterbox orchid]

12 Hexalectris nitida Shining coralroot Hexalectris spicata Crested coralroot Spiranthes cernua Ladies tresses

OROBANCHACEAE Orobanche uniflora One-flower broomrape

OXALIDACEAE WOOD SORREL FAMILY Oxalis stricta Yellow wood sorrel (I) *Oxalis drummondii *Drummond's Oxalis

PAPAVERACEAE POPPY FAMILY Argemone albiflora White prickly-poppy Glaucium corniculatum Red horned-poppy (I)

PASSIFLORACEAE PASSIONFLOWER FAMILY Passiflora lutea Yellow passion flower Passiflora tenuiloba Spreadlobe passion flower, Birdwing p.

PEDALIACEAE SESAME FAMILY Proboscidea louisianica Devil’s claw

PHYTOLACCACEAE POKEWEED FAMILY Phytolacca americana Pokeweed

PLANTAGINACEAE PLANTAIN FAMILY Plantago helleri Heller's plantain, Cedar plantain Plantago lanceolata English plantain (I) Plantago patagonica var. gnaphalioides Bristle-bract plantain Plantago rhodosperma Redseed plantain Plantago wrightiana Wright’s plantain

PLATANACEAE PLANETREE FAMILY Platanus occidentalis American sycamore

POACEAE GRASS FAMILY Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem Andropogon glomeratus Bushy bluestem Andropogon virginicus Broomsedge Aristida oligantha Oldfield threeawn Aristida purpurea var. longiseta Red threeawn Aristida purpurea var. purpurea Purple threeawn Aristida purpurea var. wrightii Wright's threeawn Avena fatua var. sativa Wild oat (I) Bothriochloa barbinodis var. perforata Pinhole bluestem Bothriochloa ischaemum King Ranch bluestem (I) Bothriochloa laguroides ssp. torreyana Silver bluestem Bothriochloa longipaniculata Longspike silver bluestem Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy grama Bouteloua pectinata Tall grama Bouteloua rigidiseta Texas grama Bouteloua trifida Red grama Briza minor Little quakinggrass (I) Bromus catharticus Rescuegrass (I) Bromus japonicus Japanese brome (I) Bromus pubescens Hairy brome

13 Bromus tectorum Cheat grass (I) Buchloe dactyloides Buffalograss Cenchrus spinifex Sandbur grass Chasmanthium latifolium Inland sea oats Chloris cucullata Hooded windmillgrass Chloris verticellata Whorled windmillgrass Chloris virgata Showy chloris Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass (I) Desmazeria rigida --- (I) Digitaria (= Leptoloma) cognata Fall witchgrass Echinochloa crus-galli Barnyard grass (I) Elymus canadensis Canada wild-rye Elymus virginicus Virginia wild-rye Eragrostis barrelieri Mediterranean lovegrass (I) Eragrostis curtipedicellata Gummy lovegrass Eragrostis intermedia Plains lovegrass Eragrostis secundiflora Red lovegrass Eragrostis sessilispica Tumble lovegrass Eriochloa sericea Silky cup grass Erioneuron pilosum Hairy tridens Heteropogon contortus Tanglehead (native to Texas but "I" on Refuge) Hilaria belangeri Common curlymesquite Hordeum pusillum Little barley Hordeum vulgare Barley (I) Leersia oryzoides Rice cutgrass Leptochloa dubia Green sprangletop Limnodea arkansana Ozarkgrass Lolium perenne Perennial ryegrass (I) Melica nitens Threeflower melic *Muhlenbergia involuta *Canyon muhly, Hybrid muhly *Muhlenbergia lindheimeri *Lindheimer muhly, Creek muhly Muhlenbergia reverchonii Seep muhly Muhlenbergia schreberi Nimblewill Muhlenbergia utilis Aparejo grass Nasella leucotricha Texas wintergrass, Speargrass Panicum acuminatum var. lindheimeri Lindheimer's rosettegrass Panicum coloratum Kleingrass (I) Panicum hallii Hall's panic grass Panicum obtusum Vine-mesquite Panicum oligosanthes var. scribnerianum Scribner’s rosettegrass Panicum pedicellatum Cedar rosettegrass Panicum virgatum Switchgrass Panicum (Dicanthelium) sp. Rosettegrass Paspalum dilatatum Dallisgrass (I) Paspalum notatum Bahiagrass (I) Paspalum pubiflorum Hairyseed paspalum Paspalum setaceum var. stramineum Thin paspalum Paspalum urvillei Vaseygrass (I) Phalaris caroliniana Carolina canarygrass Poa annua Annual bluegrass (I) Polypogon viridis (= Agrostis semiverticillata) Water bent grass (I) Schedonnardus paniculatus Tumblegrass Schizachyrium scoparium var. frequens Little bluestem

14 Setaria parviflora Knotroot bristlegrass Setaria ramiseta Bristlegrass Setaria reverchonii Reverchon bristlegrass Setaria scheelei Southwestern bristlegrass Setaria viridis Green bristlegrass (I) Sorghastrum nutans Indiangrass Sorghum bicolor Sorghum (I) Sorghum halepense Johnson grass (I) Sphenopholis obtusata Prairie Wedgescale Sporobolus compositus var. compositus Tall dropseed Sporobolus compositus var. drummondii Meadow dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus Sand dropseed Sporobolus vaginiflorus Poverty dropseed Tridens albescens White tridens *Tridens buckleyanus Buckley tridens *Tridens congestus *Pink tridens Tridens flavus Purpletop Tridens muticus var. muticus Slim tridens Tridens texanus Texas tridens Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gamagrass Trisetum interruptum Prairie trisetum Vulpia octoflora Common sixweeksgrass

POLEMONIACEAE PHLOX FAMILY Gilia incisa Cut-leaf gilia Gilia rigidula var. rigidula Blue gilia Ipomopsis rubra Standing-cypress Phlox drummondii Drummond phlox Phlox drummondii var. mcallisterii Drummond phlox *Phlox pilosa ssp. latisepala *Prairie phlox *Phlox roemeriana *Goldeneye phlox

POLYGALACEAE MILKWORT FAMILY Polygala alba White milkwort Polygala lindheimeri Lindheimer's milkwort Polygala verticellata Whorled milkwort

POLYGONACEAE KNOTWEED FAMILY Eriogonum longifolium var. lindheimeri Longleaf buckwheat Polygonum pensylvanicum Pink smartweed Polygonum punctatum Dotted smartweed Rumex chrysocarpus Amnastla Rumex crispus Curly dock (I) Rumex pulcher Fiddle dock (I)

POLYPODIACEAE TRUE FERN FAMILY Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern maidenhair fern Argyrochosma dealbata Cloak fern Asplenium resiliens Blackstem spleenwort Cheilanthes alabamensis Alabama lip fern Cheilanthes horridula Prickly lip fern Cyrtomium falcatum Asian holly-fern (I) Pellaea atropurpurea Purple cliffbrake Thelypteris ovata var. lindheimeri Lindheimer shield fern

PONTEDERIACEAE PICKERELWEED FAMILY Heteranthera limosa Mud-babies

15 PORTULACACEAE PURSLANE FAMILY Portulaca pilosa Chisme, shaggy purslane Portulaca sp. purslane Talinum parviflorum Prairie flameflower

POTAMOGETONACEAE PONDWEED FAMILY Potamogeton illinoensis Shining pondweed

PRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE FAMILY Anagallis arvensis Scarlet pimpernel (I) Dodecatheon meadia Shooting-star Samolus ebracteatus Largeflower brookweed Samolus valerandi ssp. parviflorus Smallflower brookweed

RANUNULACEAE BUTTERCUP FAMILY Anemone berlandieri Ten-petal anemone *Anemone edwardsiana *Plateau anemone Aquilegia canadensis Wild columbine Clematis drummondii Old Man's Beard [Clematis pitcheri] [Purple leatherflower] *Clematis texensis *Scarlet leatherflower, Texas leatherflower Delphinium carolinianum var. vimineum Prairie larkspur Ranunculus macranthus Large buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus Blister buttercup Ranunculus sp. buttercup sp.

RHAMNACEAE BUCKTHORN FAMILY Berchemia scandens Rattan vine, Alabama supplejack Ceanothus herbaceus Redroot Colubrina texana Texas colubrina Condalia hookeri Bluewood, Brasil Frangula caroliniana Carolina buckthorn Ziziphus obtusifolia Lotebush

ROSACEAE ROSE FAMILY Geum canadense White avens Prunus mexicana Mexican plum Prunus rivularis Creek plum, hog plum Prunus serotina var. eximia Escarpment black cherry Rubus riograndis (R. trivialis) Southern dewberry

RUBIACEAE MADDER FAMILY Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush Galium aparine Catchweed bedstraw Galium circaezans Fourleaf bedstraw, woods bedstraw Galium texense Texas bedstraw Galium virgatum Southwest bedstraw Hedyotis nigricans Prairie bluets *Houstonia parviflora *Greenman’s bluets Houstonia pusilla Low bluets, Quaker-ladies Richardia tricocca Prairie buttonweed

RUTACEAE CITRUS FAMILY Ptelea trifoliata Wafer-ash, skunkbush Thamnosma texana Dutchman's breeches Zanthoxylum hirsutum Prickly-ash, tickle-tongue

16 SALICACEAE WILLOW FAMILY Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood Salix nigra Black willow

SAPINDACEAE SOAPBERRY FAMILY Cardiospermum halicacabum Common Balloonvine Sapindus saponaria v. drummondii Western soapberry Ungnadia speciosa Mexican buckeye

SAPOTACEAE SAPONDILLA FAMILY Sideroxylon lanuginosa Gum elastic, woolly ironwood

SCROPHULARIACEAE FIGWORT FAMILY *Agalinis edwardsiana *Plateau agalinis Agalinis heterophylla Prairie agalinis Bacopa monieri Water-hyssop Bellardia trixago NCN (I) Buchnera americana Bluehearts Castilleja indivisa Texas paintbrush *Castilleja purpurea var. lindheimeri *Prairie paintbrush Leucophyllum frutescens Cenizo, Purple-sage Leucospora multifida Cutleaf conobea Maurandya antirrhiniflora Snapdragon vine Mecardonia procumbens Prostrate mecardonia Nuttallanthus texanus Texas toadflax Penstemon cobaea Fox-glove *Seymeria texana *Texas seymeria Verbascum blattaria Moth mullein (I) Verbascum thapsus Common mullein (I) Veronica arvensis Common speedwell (I) Veronica peregrina Wandering speedwell

SIMAROUBACEAE QUASSIA FAMILY Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven (I)

SMILACACEAE GREENBRIER FAMILY Smilax bona-nox Saw greenbriar

SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE FAMILY *Bouchetia erecta *Erect bouchetia Chamaesaracha coniodes False nightshade Chamaesaracha edwardsiana Plateau false nightshade Datura wrightii Wright’s jimsonweed Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco (I) Nicotiana repanda Fiddle-leaf tobacco Physalis cinerascens Beach groundcherry Physalis pubescens Downy groundcherry Solanum dimidiatum Western horse-nettle Solanum elaeagnifolium Silverleaf nightshade Solanum ptychanthum American nightshade Solanum rostratum Buffalo-bur Solanum triquetrum Texas nightshade

STYRACACEAE SNOWBELL FAMILY *Styrax platanifolius *Sycamore-leaf snowbell

17 TAMARICACEAE TAMARIX FAMILY Tamarix sp. Tamarix, salt cedar (I)

TAXODIACEAE TAXODIUM FAMILY Taxodium distichum Baldcypress

TYPHACEAE CATTAIL FAMILY Typha domingensis Narrowleaf cattail

ULMACEAE ELM FAMILY Celtis laevigata var. laevigata Sugar hackberry, Texas sugarberry Celtis laevigata var. reticulata Netleaf hackberry Ulmus americana American elm Ulmus crassifolia Cedar elm

URTICACEAE NETTLE FAMILY Boehmeria cylindrica Bog-hemp Parietaria pensylvanica Rock pellitory Urtica chamaedryoides Stinging nettle

VALERIANACEAE VALERIAN FAMILY Valerianella amarella Hairyfruit corn-salad Valerianella radiata Beaked corn-salad

VERBENACEAE VERVAIN FAMILY Aloysia gratissima Beebrush Callicarpa americana American beautyberry Glandularia bipinnatifida Dakota vervain, Prairie verbena Glandularia pumila Low vervain, Pink verbena Lantana urticoides Texas lantana Lippia nodiflora Frogfruit, fogfruit Verbena bracteata Big-bract vervain Verbena brasiliensis Brazilian vervain (I) Verbena canescens Gray vervain Verbena halei Slim vervain, Texas vervain Verbena neomexicana Hillside verbena Verbena scabra Harsh vervain Verbena xutha Coarse vervain

VIOLACEAE VIOLET FAMILY Hybanthus verticillatus Green violet Viola bicolor Field pansy

VISCACEAE MISTLETOE FAMILY Phoradendron tomentosum v. tomentosum Mistletoe

VITACEAE GRAPE FAMILY Ampelopsis arborea Peppervine Ampelopsis cordata Heart-leaf ampelopsis Cissus incisa Ivy treebine *Parthenocissus heptaphylla *Seven-leaf creeper Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia creeper Vitis cinerea var. helleri Winter grape, Spanish grape *Vitis monticola *Mountain grape Vitis mustangensis Mustang grape

18 ZANNICHELLIACEAE HORNED PONDWEED FAMILY Zannichellia palustris Horned pondweed

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE CALTROP FAMILY Kallstroemia parviflora Warty Caltrop

19 Cultivated plants found principally or exclusively around old homesites or adjacent to subdivisions:

Abelia sp. Abelia (I) (Arnold tract) Agave sp. Agave (I) (Warbler Vista) Asparagus officinalis Asparagus (I) (Martin) Broussonetia papyrifera Paper mulberry (I) (Beard) Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass (I) (Whitewater Springs) Gelsimium sempervirens Carolina-jessamine (I) (Arnold) Ficus carica Common fig (I) (Nagel, etc.) Fraxinus velutinus Arizona ash (I) (Barho) Hesperaloe parviflora Red yucca (Warbler Vista; native further west) Iris germanica Garden iris (I) (Arnold, Beard) Iris pseudacorus Yellow iris, yellow-flag (I) (Arnold) Lagerstroemia indica Crape-myrtle (Barho) Lathyrus hirsutus Rough pea (I) (Martin) Ligustrum sp. Privet, ligustrum (I) (Arnold; occasional elsewhere) Maclura pomifera Osage-orange (I) (Eckhardt) Mirabilis jalapa Four-O’Clock (Flying X) Nerium oleander Oleander (I) (RR 1431) Opuntia imbricata Tree cholla (Warbler Vista; native of W. Texas) Phacelia patuliflora Blue phacelia (A native flower from nearby Marble Falls, introduced accidentally in granite gravel; not persistent.) Prunus persica Peach (I) (Arnold) Punica granatum Pomegranate (I) (Arnold) Pyrus calleryana Pear (I) (Flying X) Stenotaphrum secundatum St. Augustine Grass (I) (Flying X, Beard) Thuja orientalis Arbor-vitae (I) (New Salem) Ulmus pumila Siberian elm (I) (Arnold) Vinca major Bigleaf Periwinkle (I) (Eckhardt, Simons) Vitex agnus-castus Hemp-tree (I) (Arnold, New Salem)

Hypothetical or dubious taxa:

Trepocarpus aethusae --- (Apiaceae) Grindelia lanceolata Gulf Gumweed (Asteraceae) Tiquilia canescens Oreja de Perro (Boraginaceae) Ditaxis aphoroides Hill Country Wild Mercury (Euphorbiaceae) Euphorbia roemeriana Roemer spurge (Euphorbiaceae) Geranium carolinianum Carolina geranium (Geraniaceae) Linum pratense Meadow flax (Linaceae) Calylophus serrulatus Yellow evening primrose (Onagraceae) Corallorhiza maculata Spotted coralroot (Orchidaceae) Physalis angulata Cut-leaf ground-cherry (Solanaceae) Physalis mollis Field ground-cherry (Solanaceae) Tilia americana v. caroliniana Carolina basswood (Tiliaceae) Celtis lindheimeri Lindheimer hackberry (Ulmaceae)

20 NOTES:

Taxonomic nomenclature for this list was originally based on Correll and Johnston (1979) as updated by Johnston (1988), Hatch et al. (1990), and Carr (1996). The list has recently been updated, with a few exceptions, to align with the taxonomy in the Flora of North-Central Texas (Diggs et al., 1999). For convenience, the sequence is alphabetic by family (across both monocots and dicots), genus, and species. Common names are selected from the aforementioned sources and occasionally from Enquist (1987).

As of April 14, 2008, this checklist included 728 species and varieties of plants (plus one recognized hybrid oak variety). This excludes 14 taxa considered hypothetical and an additional eight species listed in [brackets] which have been identified or collected very near the refuge but outside of the 80,000-acre refuge boundary. Fifty-seven taxa (7.8%) are endemic to Texas and most of these are confined to the Edwards Plateau or general Central Texas region. Eighty species (11%) are not native to North America; one grass species native to west Texas was apparently introduced in hay. In addition, at least 24 cultivated taxa are found primarily around old homesites and are generally not considered persistent members of the Refuge flora. Ten additional species of wildlife-friendly, native Texas plants have been planted at the Refuge office which are not found elsewhere on the Refuge. One introduced species (Phacelia patuliflora, Blue phacelia) is a native wildflower just a few miles west of the Refuge but was introduced (and did not persist) on granite gravel imported onto the Refuge from nearby Marble Falls. Numerous specimens remain to be identified and undoubtedly further discoveries will be made on the Refuge.

Two plant species, Torrey crag-lily (Echeandia flavenscens) and Showy menodora (Menodora longiflora) are known from Travis County only within the Refuge and both of these taxa are at the extreme eastern edge of their range. A few populations of the tiny, inconspicuous wildflower Greenman’s bluet’s (Houstonia parviflora) first encountered in 1999 represented the first collections of this species in nearly 85 years. The Refuge harbors the type locality and probably the largest stands of the endemic Texabama croton (Croton alabamensis var. texensis), which is known also from nearby Pace Bend Park and from Fort Hood. The largest populations of the rare Sycamore-leaf snowbells (Styrax platanifolia) apparently occur within the Refuge. Blueweed (Echium vulgare), a robust weed of the midwest and eastern United States, was documented for Texas for the first time in 1996 by a staff member and volunteer at a single site near Bertram, Texas, a few miles north of the Refuge.

If you have corrections to the list or additional records of interest (e.g., new species or records of uncommon species), please send pertinent data, including collection date, flowering dates, locations, specimen id number and location, etc., to:

Refuge Manager Balcones Canyonlands NWR 24518 FM 1431 Marble Falls, Texas 78654 (512) 339-9432

A voucher collection is maintained at the Refuge headquarters. Currently, well over 90% of all taxa on this list (excluding cultivated plants) are documented by one or more specimens. Duplicate specimens obtained by researchers and other permitees are welcomed. The collection is available for examination during regular business hours by appointment. Contact Dr. Chuck Sexton, Wildlife Biologist, at the above address for further information about this checklist and the voucher collection.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS:

Biological Technicians Eddie Hertz and Bill Reiner Jr. have been tireless in their searches for new taxa on the Refuge before (as volunteers) and during their tenure on staff. A number of other volunteers have contributed important records to this list. Prominent among these are botanist Dr. William R. Carr and John Kelly. Dr. Carr kindly reviewed the Refuge herbaium collection and made many new annotations in April 1996. We have also benefitted greatly from Dr. Carr’s draft manuscript of a Travis County flora (Carr 1996), from lists for Travis and Burnet counties provided by Edward A. Kutac, and from the online Travis County Flora Project (Carr 2005).

21 REFERENCES:

Carr, W. R. 1996. An annotated checklist of the vascular plants of Travis County, Texas. November 1996 Draft.

Carr, W. R. 2005. Travis County Flora Project. Online document at: http://www.npsot.org/Austin/TravisCountyFlora/default.html . Website maintained by the Native Plant Society of Texas. Revised, 16 Oct 2005, accessed 14 Apr 2008.

Correll, D. S. and M. C. Johnston. 1979. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. 2nd printing. Contr. Texas Res. Found., Vol. 6. Univ. Texas at Dalas, Richardson, Texas.

Diggs, G. M., Jr., B. L. Lipscomb, and R. J. O’Kennon. 1999. Shinners & Mahler’s Illustrated Flora of North Central Texas. Botanical Research Institute of Texas, Fort Worth, Texas.

Enquist, M. 1987. Wildflowers of the Texas Hill Country. Lone Star Botanical, Austin, Texas.

Gould, F. W. 1975. The grasses of Texas. Texas A&M Univ. Press, College Station, Texas.

Hatch, S. L., K. N. Gandhi, and L. E. Brown. 1990. Checklist of vascular plants of Texas. Texas Agr. Exper. Station, College Station, Texas.

Johnston, M. C. 1988. The vascular plants of Texas. A list, up-dating the "Manual of Vascular Plants of Texas”. Published by M. C. Johnston.

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