Oral Session Abstracts ORALS–MONDAY 102Nd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Las Vegas, Nevada
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Oral Session Abstracts ORALS–MONDAY 102nd Annual International Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Science Las Vegas, Nevada Presenting authors are denoted by an astrisk (*) the CP treatment had a higher Area Under the Disease Progress Curve than the NST treatment in tomato in 2003. Overall, disease pressure was highest in tomato in 2001. But disease levels within years were Oral Session 1—Organic Horticulture mostly unaffected by amendment treatments. In cabbage, disease was more common in 2002 than in 2003, although head rot was more Moderator: Matthew D. Kleinhenz prevalent in compost-amended plots in 2003 than in manure-amended 18 July 2005, 2:00–4:00 p.m. Ballroom H or control plots. Tomato postharvest quality parameters were similar among amendment and weed treatments within each year. Soil amend- Weed Control in Organic Vegetable Production: The Use ment may enhance crop yield and quality in a transitional-organic of Sweet Corn Transplants and Vinegar system. Also, weed management strategy can alter weed populations and perhaps disease levels. Albert H. Markhart, III *1, Milton J. Harr 2, Paul Burkhouse 3 Consumer Sensory Evaluation of Organically and Con- 1University of Minnesota, Horticultural Science, 223 Alderman Hall, St. Paul, MN, 55108; 2Southwest State University, Southwest Research and Outreach Center, Lamberton, MN, ventionally Grown Spinach 56512; 3Farm, Foxtail Farm, Shafer, MN, 55074 Xin Zhao *1, Edward E. Carey 1, Fadi M. Aramouni2 Weed control in organic vegetable production is a major challenge. 1Kansas State University, Horticulture, Forestry and Recreation Resources, 2021 Throck- During Summer 2004, we conducted fi eld trials to manage weeds in morton Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506; 2Kansas State University, Animal Sciences and organic sweet corn, carrots and onions. In sweet corn, we evaluated Industry, 216 Call Hall, Manhattan, KS, 66506 the effi cacy of transplanting greenhouse-grown sweet corn seedlings. Consumers of organic food tend to believe that it tastes better than In carrots and onions, we tested vinegar and several concentrations of its conventional counterpart. However, there is a lack of scientifi c acetic acid. Studies were conducted in southwestern Minnesota at the studies on sensory analysis of organic food. A consumer taste test was Lamberton Research and Outreach Center and in eastern Minnesota at conducted to compare the acceptability of organically and convention- Foxtail Farm in Shaefer. Ten-day-old corn transplants were effective at ally grown spinach. Spinach samples were collected from organically both locations. Stand establishment was greater, less tillage was needed, and conventionally managed plots at the Kansas State University and yield was greater than in the seeded plots. Straight vinegar was Research and Extension Center, Olathe. One hundred-twenty-two not very effective in controlling weed populations. Although there was untrained panelists (80 female and 42 male) participated in this con- greater damage to broadleaf weeds than grasses, straight vinegar did sumer study. Fresh and 1-week-old spinach leaves were evaluated by not reduce the need for tillage. Although 10% to 20% acetic acid did 60 and 62 consumers, respectively, using a 9-point hedonic scale (9 provide better weed control, it signifi cantly damaged carrot and onion = like extremely, 5 = neither like nor dislike, 1 = dislike extremely). seedlings. These results suggest that using sweet corn transplants is The ANOVA results showed that fresh organic spinach had a higher time and cost effective for small acreage sweet corn production such preference score than corresponding conventional spinach, although as CSAs. Vinegar and acetic acid are problematic. Nonselectivity, not at a signifi cant level ( P = 0.1790). For the 1-week-old spinach, potential danger in handling, and poor control at low concentrations the difference diminished, and instead, conventional spinach had a were all considered signifi cant disadvantages. higher preference rating. Among 61 consumers who made comments regarding the sensory evaluation, 29 claimed that organic spinach was Fertility and Weed Management Effects on Crop more tasty and fl avorful; 19 consumers thought conventional spinach Quality and Disease Variables in a Transitional-organic was better; 13 consumers could not tell the difference. Even though Processing Cabbage and Tomato System this consumer study did not reveal signifi cant differences in consumer preference for organic vs. conventional spinach, further well-designed Annette Wszelaki *1, Sally Miller2 , Douglas Doohan 3, Karen Amisi 3, sensory tests are warranted given the trends indicated in our study. As- Brian McSpadden-Gardener2 , Matthew Kleinhenz3 sessment of sensory attributes of organic vegetables after storage also 1 2 University of Puerto Rico, Horticulture, Mayaguez, PR, 00681; The Ohio State Uni- deserves further attention. Ideally, both consumer tests and descriptive versity, Plant Pathology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Wooster, OH, 44691; 3The Ohio State University, Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio Agricultural analysis using trained panelists will be considered. Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, 44691 The infl uence of organic soil amendments (unamended control, Organic Vegetable Yield and Economics Show Promise in composted dairy manure, or raw dairy manure) and weed treatments a Mississippi Trial [critical period (CP) or no seed threshold (NST)] on diseases, growth William B. Evans *1, Kenneth W. Hood2 , Keri L. Paridon 1, parameters, yield, and postharvest quality was evaluated over 3 years Peter M. Hudson 1 in a transitional organic crop rotation of tomato, cabbage, clover, 1Mississippi State University, CMREC, 2024 Experiment Station Rd., Crystal Springs, and wheat. More growth, yield, and postharvest quality parameters MS, 39059-0231; 2Mississippi State University, Food & Fiber Center, Boxt Ext. Center, were affected by amendment treatments in cabbage than in tomato. Rm. 404 STOP 9642, MS 39762 Signifi cant differences in yield among amendment treatments were Yield, input, and economic data from research plots in central Missis- found in 2001 and 2003 in cabbage, with higher marketable and total sippi are being used to test the economic potential of organic vegetable yields in amended vs. control plots. Soil management effects on cab- crop production. A six-part, multi-year rotation, including winter bage varied annually, though amendments were required to maximize and summer cover crops, has been set up to generate yield, cost, and crop growth, as head weight, size, and volume and core volume of economic return data from vegetables produced in Mississippi using treatment plots exceeded the control plots in 2002 and 2003. Few methods allowed by the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture National Organic differences were found between weed treatments, although in 2001 Standards and accepted by local growers employing pesticide-free cabbage heads from the NST treatment were larger than heads from and other similar management methods. Data being collected include the CP treatment. Similar results were found in tomato in 2003. Also, labor and input costs, yields, and market prices for harvested crops. Marketable produce is being sold through a grower-retailer at a farmer’s HORTSCIENCE, VOL. 40(4), JULY 2005 1093 ffinal6_20Julyinal6_20July HS.indbHS.indb 10931093 66/20/05/20/05 55:02:58:02:58 PMPM market. During 2004, the fi rst full year of the rotation, 10 vegetable root weight yields and quality were obtained with the use of organic species were included in the plots. Pest pressure has generally been amendments compared to the use of synthetic fertilizer. Increased yields minimal. With one exception [one of two potato ( Solanum tuberosum ) were obtained when organic amendment and fertilizer applications cultivars failed to produce a good stand], all crops planted have pro- were split over the growing season. Data will be presented with regard duced fair to excellent yields. Crops generating high retail prices in to initial plant stands, tissue levels, and yield trends in response to this study include potatoes, snap beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris ), and leaf the several amendments used in these experiments, and management lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ). In the future, the yield and price data being considerations for farmers will be discussed. generated will be combined with new and existing cost data to create enterprise and production budgets for use by perspective and existing Growth of Young ‘Minneola’ Tangelo Citrus Trees organic vegetable growers. Fertilized with Banded Poultry Litter Overlaid with Wood Chips Organic Transition Strategies for Vegetable Farms Near James Ferguson *1, Michael Ziegler2 , Jack Hebb1 Urban Areas 1University of Florida, Horticultural Science, 2111 Fifi eld Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611- Matthew D. Kleinhenz *1, Sonia Walker1 , John Cardina 1, 0690; 2Agricultural Resource Management, Consultant Marvin Batte2 , Parwinder Grewal 3, Brian McSpadden-Gardener4 , Soil incorporation of poultry litter can damage roots of citrus trees grown Sally Miller 4, Deborah Stinner 5 on shallow soils in southern Florida. Using an alternative application 1 The Ohio State Univ./OARDC, Horticulture and Crop Science, Wooster, OH, 44691; method, young ‘Minneola’ tangelo trees ( Citrus reticulata Blanco × C. 2The Ohio State Univ, Agr., Environmental, and Devel. Economics; 3The Ohio State Univ./OARDC, Entomology; 4The Ohio State Univ./OARDC, Plant Pathology; 5The