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The Nexus of Banditry, Insurgency and State-Making in the Balkans, 1804-2006
From thieves to nation-builders: The nexus of banditry, insurgency and state-making in the Balkans, 1804-2006 Item Type Working Paper Authors Anderson, Bobby Citation Anderson, Bobby (2007) From thieves to nation-builders: The nexus of banditry, insurgency and state-making in the Balkans, 1804-2006. Bradford: University of Bradford, Department of Peace Studies. Peace studies papers: Fourth series: Working paper, No. 11. Rights © 2007 University of Bradford. Reproduced in accordance with the publisher's self-archiving policy. Download date 30/09/2021 09:27:12 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2319 PEACE STUDIES PAPERS Working Paper 11 FOURTH SERIES From Thieves to Nation-builders: The Nexus of Banditry, Insurgency and State- Making in the Balkans, 1804-2006 Bobby Anderson September 2007 DEPARTMENT OF PEACE STUDIES Previous Papers in this Series Politics in the Next 50 Years: The Changing Nature of International Conflict Paul Rogers, October 2000 Working Paper 1 Conflict Diamonds: Roles, Responsibilities and Responses Michael Bourne, January 2001 Working Paper 2.1 Engendering the field of Conflict Management: Why Gender Does Not Matter! Thoughts from a Theoretical Perspective Cordula Reimann, Working Paper 2.2 Transforming Attitudes Towards the Tools of Violence: The Arms Exchange Programme in Mendoza, Argentina William H. Godnick, October 2001 Working Paper 3 European Security and Defence Policy: the rise of the military in the EU Giovanna Bono, March 2002 Working Paper 4 Direct Action: A Threat to Democracy? Michael Randle, May -
Downloads/Reports/2016/Pdf/BTI 2016 Kosova.Pdf
Tourism governance in post-war transition: The case of Kosova REKA, Shqiperim Available from the Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive (SHURA) at: http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ A Sheffield Hallam University thesis This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. Please visit http://shura.shu.ac.uk/24197/ and http://shura.shu.ac.uk/information.html for further details about copyright and re-use permissions. "Tourism governance in post-war transition: the case of Kosova" Shqiperim Reka A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Sheffield Hallam University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy February 2017 Abstract The aim of this research study was to examine tourism governance in post-war transition with specific reference to the influence of political, economic and social factors, institutional arrangements, collaboration and power relations. Within this context, a crucial objective was to assess the role of mindset. Reviewing the literature in relation to the key concepts, it was discovered that research tends to focus on political and economic transition, whereas the social dimension, despite its importance, is largely neglected. Similarly, tourism governance has been overlooked in studies of tourism in post-war transition. Furthermore, the literature on tourism governance rarely takes the issue of mindset into account. To address these gaps in knowledge, a qualitative research approach was applied to study tourism governance in post-war transitional Kosova. -
Bank of Albania
BANK OF ALBANIA 1 OUR NATIONAL CURRENCY IN BRIEF The history of our national currency starts concurrently with the creation of the National Bank of Albania, established on 2 September 1925. The Bank was created upon the signing of the convention between an Italian financial group led by Mario Alberti and the government of Ahmet Zogu. The convention defined that the bank, apart from lending, had the exclusive right to issue legal tender banknotes, gold and other metal coins for payments in Albania. This may be called the first currency issuing national institution, but our history shows that the coins had first been struck since IV century B.C., in the Illyrian cities of Dyrrachium (Durrës) and Apollonia (Pojan near Fier). Albania had a central bank for the first time in 1913, following the agreement of the Government of Ismail Qemali with Karol Pitner and Oskar Pollak, representatives of the Austro-Hungarian banking group Weiner Bank Verein, as well as with Pietro Fenolio and Guido Ansbaher, representatives of the Italian banking group Banca Commerciale Italiana. This institution was short lived, due to the political instability of the time and the beginning of World War I. When the bank was created in 1925, many currencies from different countries were circulating in Albania, thus the National Bank of Albania undertook measures to substitute them with a single Albanian currency. The golden frang, with its subunits (lek and cents, where 1 frang was equal to 5 lek and 100 cent) and its multiples 5, 20 and 100 golden frang was chosen as the currency of Albania. -
Albanian Language Identification in Text
5 BSHN(UT)23/2017 ALBANIAN LANGUAGE IDENTIFICATION IN TEXT DOCUMENTS *KLESTI HOXHA.1, ARTUR BAXHAKU.2 1University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Informatics 2University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mathematics email: [email protected] Abstract In this work we investigate the accuracy of standard and state-of-the-art language identification methods in identifying Albanian in written text documents. A dataset consisting of news articles written in Albanian has been constructed for this purpose. We noticed a considerable decrease of accuracy when using test documents that miss the Albanian alphabet letters “Ë” and “Ç” and created a custom training corpus that solved this problem by achieving an accuracy of more than 99%. Based on our experiments, the most performing language identification methods for Albanian use a naïve Bayes classifier and n-gram based classification features. Keywords: Language identification, text classification, natural language processing, Albanian language. Përmbledhje Në këtë punim shqyrtohet saktësia e disa metodave standarde dhe bashkëkohore në identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe në dokumente tekstuale. Për këtë qëllim është ndërtuar një bashkësi të dhënash testuese e cila përmban artikuj lajmesh të shkruara në shqip. Për tekstet shqipe që nuk përmbajnë gërmat “Ë” dhe “Ç” u vu re një zbritje e konsiderueshme e saktësisë së identifikimit të gjuhës. Për këtë arsye u krijua një korpus trajnues i posaçëm që e zgjidhi këtë problem duke arritur një saktësi prej më shumë se 99%. Bazuar në eksperimentet e kryera, metodat më të sakta për identifikimin e gjuhës shqipe përdorin një klasifikues “naive Bayes” dhe veçori klasifikuese të bazuara në n-grame. -
The First Illyrian War: a Study in Roman Imperialism
The First Illyrian War: A Study in Roman Imperialism Catherine A. McPherson Department of History and Classical Studies McGill University, Montreal February, 2012 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts ©Catherine A. McPherson, 2012. Table of Contents Abstract ……………………………………………….……………............2 Abrégé……………………………………...………….……………………3 Acknowledgements………………………………….……………………...4 Introduction…………………………………………………………………5 Chapter One Sources and Approaches………………………………….………………...9 Chapter Two Illyria and the Illyrians ……………………………………………………25 Chapter Three North-Western Greece in the Later Third Century………………………..41 Chapter Four Rome and the Outbreak of War…………………………………..……….51 Chapter Five The Conclusion of the First Illyrian War……………….…………………77 Conclusion …………………………………………………...…….……102 Bibliography……………………………………………………………..104 2 Abstract This paper presents a detailed case study in early Roman imperialism in the Greek East: the First Illyrian War (229/8 B.C.), Rome’s first military engagement across the Adriatic. It places Roman decision-making and action within its proper context by emphasizing the role that Greek polities and Illyrian tribes played in both the outbreak and conclusion of the war. It argues that the primary motivation behind the Roman decision to declare war against the Ardiaei in 229 was to secure the very profitable trade routes linking Brundisium to the eastern shore of the Adriatic. It was in fact the failure of the major Greek powers to limit Ardiaean piracy that led directly to Roman intervention. In the earliest phase of trans-Adriatic engagement Rome was essentially uninterested in expansion or establishing a formal hegemony in the Greek East and maintained only very loose ties to the polities of the eastern Adriatic coast. -
Albanian Families' History and Heritage Making at the Crossroads of New
Voicing the stories of the excluded: Albanian families’ history and heritage making at the crossroads of new and old homes Eleni Vomvyla UCL Institute of Archaeology Thesis submitted for the award of Doctor in Philosophy in Cultural Heritage 2013 Declaration of originality I, Eleni Vomvyla confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Signature 2 To the five Albanian families for opening their homes and sharing their stories with me. 3 Abstract My research explores the dialectical relationship between identity and the conceptualisation/creation of history and heritage in migration by studying a socially excluded group in Greece, that of Albanian families. Even though the Albanian community has more than twenty years of presence in the country, its stories, often invested with otherness, remain hidden in the Greek ‘mono-cultural’ landscape. In opposition to these stigmatising discourses, my study draws on movements democratising the past and calling for engagements from below by endorsing the socially constructed nature of identity and the denationalisation of memory. A nine-month fieldwork with five Albanian families took place in their domestic and neighbourhood settings in the areas of Athens and Piraeus. Based on critical ethnography, data collection was derived from participant observation, conversational interviews and participatory techniques. From an individual and family group point of view the notion of habitus led to diverse conceptions of ethnic identity, taking transnational dimensions in families’ literal and metaphorical back- and-forth movements between Greece and Albania. -
BULGARIA and HUNGARY in the FIRST WORLD WAR: a VIEW from the 21ST CENTURY 21St -Century Studies in Humanities
BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY 21st -Century Studies in Humanities Editor: Pál Fodor Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 BULGARIA AND HUNGARY IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR: A VIEW FROM THE 21ST CENTURY Editors GÁBOR DEMETER CSABA KATONA PENKA PEYKOVSKA Research Centre for the Humanities Budapest–Sofia, 2020 Technical editor: Judit Lakatos Language editor: David Robert Evans Translated by: Jason Vincz, Bálint Radó, Péter Szőnyi, and Gábor Demeter Lectored by László Bíró (HAS RCH, senior research fellow) The volume was supported by theBulgarian–Hungarian History Commission and realized within the framework of the project entitled “Peripheries of Empires and Nation States in the 17th–20th Century Central and Southeast Europe. Power, Institutions, Society, Adaptation”. Supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences NKFI-EPR K 113004, East-Central European Nationalisms During the First World War NKFI FK 128 978 Knowledge, Lanscape, Nation and Empire ISBN: 978-963-416-198-1 (Institute of History – Research Center for the Humanities) ISBN: 978-954-2903-36-9 (Institute for Historical Studies – BAS) HU ISSN 2630-8827 Cover: “A Momentary View of Europe”. German caricature propaganda map, 1915. Published by the Research Centre for the Humanities Responsible editor: Pál Fodor Prepress preparation: Institute of History, RCH, Research Assistance Team Leader: Éva Kovács Cover design: Bence Marafkó Page layout: Bence Marafkó Printed in Hungary by Prime Rate Kft., Budapest CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................... 9 Zoltán Oszkár Szőts and Gábor Demeter THE CAUSES OF THE OUTBREAK OF WORLD WAR I AND THEIR REPRESENTATION IN SERBIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY .................................. 25 Krisztián Csaplár-Degovics ISTVÁN TISZA’S POLICY TOWARDS THE GERMAN ALLIANCE AND AGAINST GERMAN INFLUENCE IN THE YEARS OF THE GREAT WAR................................ -
The Contribution of Organic Sector in the Albanian Agriculture
The contribution of organic sector in the Albanian agriculture Elvira Leksinaj 1, Gianni Cicia 2, Luigi Cembalo 2, Teresa Del Giudice 2, Maksim Meço 1, 1 Taulant Nelaj 1Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness, Tirana, Albania, e-mail: [email protected] 2University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Paper prepared for presentation at the 113 th EAAE Seminar “A resilient European food industry and food chain in a challenging world”, Chania, Crete, Greece, date as in: September 3 - 6, 2009 Copyright 2009 by [Elvira Leksinaj 1, Gianni Cicia 2, Luigi Cembalo 2, Teresa Del Giudice 2, Maksim Meço 1, Taulant Nelaj 1]. All rights reserved. Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for non-commercial purposes by any means, provided that this copyright notice appears on all such copies. 1 The contribution of organic sector in the Albanian agriculture Elvira Leksinaj 1, Gianni Cicia 2, Luigi Cembalo 2, Teresa Del Giudice 2, Maksim Meço 1, 1 Taulant Nelaj 1Faculty of Economy and Agribusiness, Tirana, Albania, e-mail: [email protected] 2University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract What is nowadays known as organic farming in Albania is at an initial phase. It is mainly located in the so called “marginal areas” by small farms. Organic market in Albania can be considered as at a very starting stage with small niches marketing point but with a growing interest of consumers for fresh productions with limited processing activities. The conditions for a better partaking in the country’s markets is, however, desirable since commercial and trade between Albania and other countries, mainly EU’s, is readily growing. -
Baseline Assessment Report of the Lake Ohrid Region – Albania Annex
TOWARDS STRENGTHENED GOVERNANCE OF THE SHARED TRANSBOUNDARY NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE OF THE LAKE OHRID REGION Baseline Assessment report of the Lake Ohrid region – Albania (available online at http://whc.unesco.org/en/lake-ohrid-region) Annex XXIII Bibliography on cultural values and heritage, agriculture and tourism aspects of the Lake Ohrid region prepared by Luisa de Marco, Maxim Makartsev and Claudia Spinello on behalf of ICOMOS. January 2016 BIBLIOGRAPHY1 2015 The present bibliography focusses mainly on the cultural values and heritage, agriculture and tourism aspects of the Lake Ohrid region (LOR). It should be read in conjunction to the Baseline Assessment report prepared in a joint collaboration between ICOMOS and IUCN (available online at http://whc.unesco.org/en/lake-ohrid-region) The bibliography includes all the relevant titles from the digital catalogue of the Albanian National Library for the geographic terms connected to LOR. The bibliography includes all the relevant titles from the systematic catalogue since 1989 to date, for the categories 9-908; 91-913 (4/9) (902. Archeology; 903. Prehistory. Prehistoric remains, antiquities. 904. Cultural remains of the historic times. 908. Regional studies. Studies of a place. 91. Geography. The exploration of the land and of specific places. Travels. Regional geography). It also includes the relevant titles found on www.scholar.google.com with summaries if they are provided or if the text is available. Three bibliographies for archaeology and ancient history of Albania were used: Bep Jubani’s (1945-1971); Faik Drini’s (1972-1983); V. Treska’s (1995-2000). A bibliography for the years 1984-1994 (authors: M.Korkuti, Z. -
The Environmental and Evolutionary History of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): Interim Results from the SCOPSCO Deep Drilling Project
Biogeosciences, 14, 2033–2054, 2017 www.biogeosciences.net/14/2033/2017/ doi:10.5194/bg-14-2033-2017 © Author(s) 2017. CC Attribution 3.0 License. The environmental and evolutionary history of Lake Ohrid (FYROM/Albania): interim results from the SCOPSCO deep drilling project Bernd Wagner1, Thomas Wilke2, Alexander Francke1, Christian Albrecht2, Henrike Baumgarten3, Adele Bertini4, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout5, Aleksandra Cvetkoska6, Michele D’Addabbo7, Timme H. Donders6, Kirstin Föller2, Biagio Giaccio8, Andon Grazhdani9, Torsten Hauffe2, Jens Holtvoeth10, Sebastien Joannin11, Elena Jovanovska2, Janna Just1, Katerina Kouli12, Andreas Koutsodendris13, Sebastian Krastel14, Jack H. Lacey15,16, Niklas Leicher1, Melanie J. Leng15,16, Zlatko Levkov17, Katja Lindhorst14, Alessia Masi18, Anna M. Mercuri19, Sebastien Nomade20, Norbert Nowaczyk21, Konstantinos Panagiotopoulos1, Odile Peyron11, Jane M. Reed22, Eleonora Regattieri1,8, Laura Sadori18, Leonardo Sagnotti23, Björn Stelbrink2, Roberto Sulpizio7,24, Slavica Tofilovska17, Paola Torri19, Hendrik Vogel25, Thomas Wagner26, Friederike Wagner-Cremer6, George A. Wolff27, Thomas Wonik3, Giovanni Zanchetta28, and Xiaosen S. Zhang29 1Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany 2Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany 3Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG), Hanover, Germany 4Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy 5CNRS UMR 7194, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Institut -
COVID-19 in North Macedonia - Update 61
WHO North Macedonia COVID-19 Update – 24 JUNE 2020 24/6/2020 COVID-19 in North Macedonia - Update 61 In North Macedonia, from Feb 26 to 23 June 2020, 22:00pm CEST, there have been 5,311 confirmed cases of COVID-19 with 251 deaths. NORTH MACEDONIA COVID-19 EPI SITUATION EUROPE COVID-19 SITUATION NORTH MACEDONIA COVID-19 HEALTH RESPONSE NORTH MACEDONIA COVID-19 SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT AND RESPONSE SUPPORT TO NORTH MACEDONIA COVID-19 EMERGENCY WHO SUPPORT TO NORTH MACEDONIA COVID-19 EMERGENCY WHAT IS [NEW] WEBEX SESSIONS FOR THIS WEEK The world is in a new and dangerous phase. Many people are understandably fed up with being at home. Countries are understandably eager to open up their societies and economies. But the virus is still spreading fast, it’s still deadly, and most people are still susceptible. Over the last 4 days – Data as of 23 June 2020 20:00 - Total tests performed ( % positive) : 1363 (8.7%), 665 (13.2%), 776 (13.0%) and 1364 (13.6%) on Tuesday, Monday, Sunday and Saturday, respectively. - Targeted screening tests (number positive): 77 (0) - New cases: 492 (118, 88, 101 and 185 new cases registered on each day, respectively) - Recovered: 185 COVID-19 patients - Fatalities: 29 new COVID-19 deaths - Hospitalized: 388 patients of which 53 severe on oxygen; (108 in CID and 127 in hospital 8 September) Cumulative registered COVID-19 as of 20 June – 5106 (Incidence rate: 245.8/100,000) – see daily curve - Cases among health workers: 464 (9.1%), of which 261 (56%) recovered, and one death case is registered. -
Arnavutluk'taki Osmanli Dönemi Mimarisinde
Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi / The Journal of International Social Research Cilt: 10 Sayı: 54 Yıl: 2017 Volume: 10 Issue: 54 Year: 2017 www.sosyalarastirmalar.com Issn: 1307 -9581 http://dx.doi.org/10.17719/jisr.20175434613 ARNAVUTLUK’TAKİ OSMANLI DÖNEMİ MİMARİSİNDE EDİRNEKARİ BEZEME ÖRNEKLERİ EDIRNEKARI ORNAMENT SAMPLES IN OTTOMAN PERIODICAL ARCHITECTURE OF ALBANIA ∗ Metin UÇAR ∗∗ Serkan İLDEN Öz Bu çalışmada, Arnavutluk’ta Osmanlı döneminde inşa edilmiş olan yapıların içindeki ahşap yüzeyler üzerinde bulunan edirnekârî bezemelerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu çerçevede Arnavutluk genelinde yaptığımız araştırmada tespit edilen bezemeler motif ve üslup özellikleri teknik açıdan incelenerek Anadolu ve Balkanlardaki benzer örnekleri ile karşılaştırılarak değerlendirmeye çalışılmıştır. 17. Yüzyıldan itibaren Osmanlı dini mimarisinde hünkâr mahfilleri ve mahfil tavan altlarında yakın mesafelerde kullanılmaya başlanan edirnekârî tekniği, Arnavutluk’ta 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda dini ve sivil mimarideki ahşap eleman üzerine uygulanmış olduğu görülür. Arnavutluk’ta günümüze kadar gelebilmiş olan edirnekârî bezemelerin en iyi örneklerine, Tiran Ethem Bey Camii ahşap minberi ve kadınlar mahfilinde karşılaşılmaktadır. Doğal çiçek motiflerinden oluşan süslemelerde zemin rengi olarak kırmızı mavi ve sarı tercih edilmiş üstüne de lake çekilerek daha parlak ve canlı bir görünüm kazanması sağlanmıştır. Berat Şeyh Hasan Halveti Tekkesi, Ergiri Zekâtlar Konağı ahşap tavan yüzeylerinde, dolap yüzeylerinde, pencere pervazlarında bulunan edirnekârî süslemeler daha gerçekçi bir şekilde işlenmiş olan çiçek ve meyve tasvirlerinden oluşmaktadır. Arnavutluk’ta tespit edilen edirnekârî işlerinin Edirne’de ve Anadolu’da görülen örneklerinden daha farklı bir üslup ve teknikle yapıldığı görülmüştür. Özellikle renk ve biçim anlayışının bölgeye özgü halk sanatı etkileri taşıdığı ayrıca geometrik motifli bezemeler yerine bitkisel motifli bezemelerin tercih edildiği açıkça görülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Balkanlar, Arnavutluk, Süsleme, Edirnekari, Edirne İşi.