Il Community Manager

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Il Community Manager Chi è il Community Manager Guida per i Community Manager che lavorano nelle zone montane e rurali per creare opportunità di sviluppo inclusive e basate sul patrimonio. indice introduzione ...................................................................................................................4 1. innovazione ................................................................................................................5 Profilo per competenze vs profilo per esperienze ...........................................................................6 Raccolta di esperienze .............................................................................................................................8 2. coinvolgimento ........................................................................................................19 Convenzioni internazionali ed europee sul patrimonio culturale e naturale ..................... 20 Processo partecipativo .........................................................................................................................24 Pilastri per il coinvolgimento della comunità nel patrimonio culturale .............................. 24 Breve rassegna di tecniche partecipative ...................................................................................... 28 3. inclusione .................................................................................................................39 Ascoltare le storie della comunità ....................................................................................................40 Approccio interculturale, intergenerazionale e inclusivo ..........................................................41 Strumenti per la cooperazione e la co-progettazione ................................................................. 46 4. valore .........................................................................................................................51 Come possono i Community Manager portare valore alla comunità locale? ..................... 52 Come può il patrimonio culturale avere un impatto sulla comunità? ................................... 54 Sviluppare il turismo per la comunità ............................................................................................ 56 Come gestire il lavoro nella cooperativa di comunità? .............................................................. 60 glossario ........................................................................................................................65 introduzione Le aree marginali come le montagne, le zone rurali e periferiche sono con- testi vulnerabili a causa dei cambiamenti demografici, sociali ed economici che stanno affrontando. La presenza del patrimonio culturale in questi contesti offre grandi opportunità, ma allo stesso tempo la marginalità dell’area impedisce alla comunità di beneficiarne pienamente. Per questo sono necessarie figure professionali con specifiche e articolate competenze (culturali, sociali, imprenditoriali, progettuali, comunicative) per mobilitare i membri della comunità e sostenerli nell’identificazione e nella valorizzazione delle risorse comuni, attraverso la promozione del patrimonio con un approccio dinamico. Il progetto “COMM.ON HERITAGE - Community Manager for inclusive deve- lopmentment of vulnerable areas based on Heritage” è stato ideato proprio per disegnare percorsi di promozione partecipativa del patrimonio culturale e per trovare strumenti di formazione per i Community Manager nelle aree vulnerabili. Finanziato dal programma europeo Erasmus + nell’ambito dell’azione a sostegno dei partenariati strategici per l’innovazione sociale, il progetto ha l’obiettivo primario di permettere ai partner la condivisione di buone pratiche, la progettazione e la sperimentazione di metodologie innovative volte a mi- gliorare le competenze dei manager di comunità, promuovendo lo sviluppo locale e inclusivo del patrimonio nelle aree vulnerabili. Il progetto prevede inoltre il pieno coinvolgimento delle persone più fragili nella promozione inclusiva e nella conservazione del patrimonio locale, per lo sviluppo di un senso di appartenenza alla comunità e il superamento dello stigma sociale. Il partenariato di progetto è composto da 5 organizzazioni attive in aree marginali, dove la promozione del patrimonio culturale richiede compe- tenze specifiche e in continua evoluzione. Le aree di azione del progetto sono: Italia: Appennino Tosco - Emiliano Slovenia: Comune di Idrija Grecia: Comune di Oropedio Lasithiou (Creta); Portogallo: territorio di Melides (Grandola, Alentejo) Malta: Comune di Paola Questa guida è stata preparata nell’ambito del progetto COMM.ON HERI- TAGE, grazie all’esperienza diretta dei partner e al contributo formativo di esperti internazionali. 3 1 innovazione Riflessione sul profilo del community manager che lavora in aree vulnerabili per rinnovare e promuovere opportunità basate sul patrimonio innovazione Profilo per competenze vs profilo per esperienze Chi sono i Community Manager? Esperienze vs competenze I Community Manager, come abbiamo visto dalla raccolta di “Buone prati- che”, sono figure chiave che lavorano con la comunità (e non solo per la co- munità), facilitando i processi di partecipazione e collaborazione, esplorando nuovi bisogni e aspirazioni, costruendo relazioni e progetti. Per definire il profilo e il ruolo del Community Manager, è necessario passare da un approccio basato sulle competenze a un approccio basato sulle pratiche. La formazione dei Community Manager avviene spesso in modo progres- sivo, in un apprendimento continuo per processi e non per procedure, un “learning by doing” quotidiano che è difficile da inquadrare, come avviene per un profilo professionale più classico. I compiti dei Community Manager sono continuamente ridefiniti con la pra- tica e questo rende difficile descriverne il profilo. Sono figure ibride, che lavorano dentro e fuori l’organizzazione e agiscono in aree nuove e inesplorate. Sono elementi chiave per le organizzazioni che fanno del community building un asset strategico per creare motivazione e attivazione. Il Community Manager si differenzia dal leader tradizionale, che ha seguaci, autorità esclusiva, una propria visione e si affida al carisma o al consenso derivante dal ruolo. Il Community Manager non lavora mai da solo, ma in costante collabora- zione. Ha sempre una comunità di riferimento in cui esercita una leadership adattiva, cioè che gestisce processi in tensione, dialettici, aperti, innovativi. A seconda della situazione e del compito, la leadership può assumere di- versi livelli e può essere nelle mani di diverse figure. Possiamo distinguere due diversi tipi di leadership a seconda che il Com- munity Manager supporti gli attivatori (Community Coach) o attivi diretta- mente la comunità (Community Leader). Il Community Coach è una figura che crea opportunità, relazioni e ambienti adatti a sostenere i gruppi che progettano e innovano: è una sorta di connettore che facilita i processi ma lascia ampia autonomia. Il Community Leader invece ha un ruolo più orien- tativo per la comunità, dirige, gestisce, prende decisioni, ha una visione e una strategia. La figura del Community Manager è nuova in quanto strettamente connes- sa all’emergere di nuove “organizzazioni adattive”, generate dal contesto economico flessibile e dalla velocità di scambio delle informazioni, in un ecosistema di interdipendenza diffusa, dove le strutture gerarchiche sono sovvertite da sistemi decentralizzati e più orizzontali. Il contesto socio- economico si è infatti evoluto da una visione meccanicistica (separazione, quantità, linearità, oggetti, chiusura) a una visione sistemica (interdipenden- za, qualità, complessità, processi, apertura). Le persone e i professionisti 5 innovazione sono chiamati a evolvere con il contesto, sperimentare, cambiare, rivedere comportamenti e valori, trovare nuove modalità di collaborazione e dotarsi di modelli, strumenti e azioni che possano rispondere alle “sfide adattative” del mondo contemporaneo. Si tratta sempre più di “sfide adattative”, che richiedono apprendimento e collaborazione per affrontare nuovi problemi, configurandosi sempre meno come “problemi tecnici” con soluzioni note che possono essere risolte grazie all’intervento dell’esperto. Secondo le ricercatrici di Social Seed (Francesca Battistoni e Giulia Sateria- le) il Community Manager è sempre più un designer che deve essere in grado di: 1. Rendere l’innovazione aperta 2. Avere un approccio sistemico e uno scopo 3. Includere il territorio come fattore fondante della nuova impresa sociale Per innovazione non intendiamo tanto l’introduzione di una novità o l’altera- zione definitiva di un sistema o di una parte di esso, ma piuttosto la creazio- ne di valore, da cui si parte per progettare e adottare nuove metodologie, che permettano di affrontare i cambiamenti che si presentano di volta in vol- ta. È essenziale che l’innovazione parta da un’analisi del patrimonio esistente, che sia condivisa con i beneficiari e che sia sistemica. Le comunità contemporanee con cui il Community Manager lavora sono sempre più comunità intenzionali, cioè non ereditate, ma create, volontarie, leggere, aperte, connesse ai luoghi, anche virtuali; anche se in aree vulne- rabili semi-periferiche, soprattutto in montagna, è necessario confrontarsi anche con comunità più “tradizionali” di abitanti, che condividono un conte- sto di vita, risorse, condizioni. Sempre Social Seed descrive così i diversi ruoli che il Community Mana- ger deve
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