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Toneel Di Batavia 1925-1943 perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id TONEEL DI BATAVIA 1925-1943 SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk Memenuhi sebagian Persyaratan guna Melengkapi Gelar Sarjana Sejarah Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sebelas Maret Disusun Oleh AGILVI OKTORA NURRADIFAN C.0510004 FAKULTAS ILMU BUDAYA UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET SURAKARTA 2015 commit to user i perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user ii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user iii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id commit to user iv perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id MOTTO “to persevere is important for everybody. dont give up, dont give in. there's always an answer to everything” (Louis Zamperini) commit to user v perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan untuk: 1. Kedua orang tuaku Bpk. Rapikin dan Kusdiyati yang selalu mendukung. 2. Kakak dan adik tersayang, Angelia, Rizal, Rabil, dan Afi. commit to user vi perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id KATA PENGANTAR Puji dan syukur penulis sampaikan kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayat-Nya sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi dengan judul “TONEEL DI BATAVIA 1925-1942”. Serta tidak lupa shalawat dan salam kepada Nabi besar Muhammad SAW yang telah menjadi suri tauladan bagi kita semua. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah sebagai salah satu Sebagai syarat kelulusan sarjana sastra dari Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya. Penyusunan skripsi ini melalui proses yang panjang dan didalamnya banyak ditemui hambatan namun berkat dorongan, bimbingan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak baik secara langsung maupun tak langsung, akhirnya skripsi ini mampu terselesaikan. Dengan segala kerendahan, keikhlasan dan ketulusan hati, penulis mengucapkan rasa terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta yang memfasilitasi penulis selama perkuliahan. 2. Tiwuk Kusuma Hastuti, S.S.,M.Hum. selaku Kepala Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta yang mendorong dan memudahkan penulis dalam perizinan untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 3. Drs. Tundjung Wahadi Sutirto, M.Si. selaku Pembimbing skripsi yang telah meluangkan waktu dan pikirannya serta senantiasa memberikan kritik dan sarannya yang membangun dalam menyelesaikan skripsi. commit to user vii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 4. Dra. Sri Wahyuningsih, M.Hum. selaku pembimbing akademik yang telah banyak memberikan semangat dan motivasi. 5. Ibu Insiwi Febriary Setiasih, S.S, M.A, yang banyak memberikan motivasi, saran dan kritik kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 6. Segenap staff dan dosen pengajar di Program Studi Ilmu Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Budaya Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta yang telah membekali ilmu pengetahuan yang sangat banyak kepada penulis. 7. Kedua Orang Tua penulis Bapak Rapikin dan Ibu Kusdiyati, Kakak dan Adik-adik penulis tercinta Angelia Junita dan Afrilia Crismonica, yang senantiasa mengisi keceriaan dan cinta dalam menjalani hidup. 8. Nenek, Kakak Ipar, Tante, Adik Sepupu dan Keponakan tercinta, Mbah Sriyatun yang banyak memberikan wejangan dan kasih sayangnya kepada penulis, Kak Rizal Fitrayadi yang banyak memberikan motivasi dan bantuan kepada penulis, Mbak Atul Maryuni, Evando, Endra serta Rabil Putra keponakan penulis yang selalu memberikan keceriaan kepada penulis. 9. Diandra Aisya Poernomo yang banyak memberikan semangat, kasih sayang, keceriaan, cinta, dan motivasi penulis. 10. Uta, Gadis, Egga, Kala, Dimas, Anggi, Vivi, Bisma, Agung, Aziz, Udo, Mustika, Heri, Alif, Helmi, Linggar, Wulan, Dayat, dan Karin para sahabat penulis yang selalu memberikan semangat selama ini, motivasi, dan kecerian kepada penulis. Terima kasih atas doanya. 11. Ai, Galih, Ana, Aprianto, Apriliandi, Bryan, Basuni, Denny, Delta, Setyo, Pradipta, Riessa, Rosita, Sayid “Nino”, Setya Adi dan teman-teman Historia commit to user viii perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id 2010 yang banyak memberikan referensi bacaan, membantu penulis dalam mencari data untuk menyelesaikan pembuatan skripsi ini. 12. Teman-teman kost Apsari Camp, Pendi, Ragil, dan Soni yang memberikan keceriaan sesama anak perantauan. 13. Terima kasih kepada mahasiswa Ilmu Sejarah, baik itu angkatan atas maupun bawah dan semua pihak yang telah membantu, yang tak bisa disebutkan satu persatu. Penulis sepenuhnya sadar betul bahwa dalam penelitian ini merupakan proses belajar yang masih jauh dari sempurna. Segala kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat penulis harapkan dan akhirnya dengan penuh rasa hormat yang tulus, penulis mempersembahkan penelitian ini dengan segala kekurangan, dan kelebihannya. Semoga penelitian ini bermanfaat. Penulis Agilvi Oktora. N NIM. C0510004 commit to user ix perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL........................................................................................ i HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN......................................................................... ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.......................................................................... iii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ......................................................................... iv HALAMAN MOTTO ...................................................................................... v HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ...................................................................... vi KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI.................................................................................................... x DAFTAR ISTILAH ......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR SINGKATAN ................................................................................. xiv DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN.................................................................................... xvii ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... xviii BAB I. PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah .................................................................. 1 B. Rumusan Masalah ........................................................................... 7 C. Tujuan Penelitian............................................................................. 7 D. Manfaat Penelitian........................................................................... 8 E. Tinjauan Pustaka ............................................................................. 8 F. Metode Penelitian............................................................................ 11 1. Heuristik...................................................................................... 11 2. Kritik Sumber ............................................................................. 12 3. Interpretasi .................................................................................. 13 4. Historiografi................................................................................ 13 G. Sistematika Penulisan ..................................................................... 14 commit to user x perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id BAB II. POTRET SOSIAL MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN BATAVIA AWAL ABAD-20............................................................................. 15 A. Kondisi Geografis Kota Batavia Awal Abad-20 ............................... 15 B. Demografi dan Sosial, Ekonomi di Batavia....................................... 19 C. Ruang Publik dan Gaya Hidup di Batavia Awal Abad-20................. 26 D. Perkembangan Seni Pertunjukkan dan Hiburan di Batavia............... 35 BAB III. TONEEL DI BATAVIA SEBAGAI SENI PERTUNJUKKAN TAHUN 1925-1943 .......................................................................................... 42 A. Awal Munculnya Toneel di Batavia .................................................. 42 B. Perkembangan Toneel di Batavia ...................................................... 52 1. Kelompok Toneel........................................................................... 53 2. Acara dan Pementasan ................................................................... 70 BAB IV. PERUBAHAN SENI PERTUNJUKKAN TONEEL DI BATAVIA ABAD-20........................................................................................... 76 A. Transformasi dari Seni Pertunjukkan Panggung ke Layar lebar ....... 76 B. Seni Pertunjukkan dan Media Propaganda Jepang ............................ 81 BAB V. KESIMPULAN ................................................................................. 87 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 91 LAMPIRAN..................................................................................................... 93 commit to user xi perpustakaan.uns.ac.id digilib.uns.ac.id DAFTAR ISTILAH American Carnaval Show Hiburan yang berasal dari wilayah Amerika Serikat, dengan menghadirkan beberapa atraksi berupa sulap, sirkus dan sebagainya Bastion Bangunan untuk mengintai musuh Draaimolen/Carrousel Permainan sejenis komidi putar yang berputar namun dengan tempat duduk yang menyerupai kuda maupun hewan lainnya yang tentu dengan tata cahaya lampu yang menarik Cioko Rebutan bendera Das a dos Sado f atau florin gulden Satuan mata uang Belanda,
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