ISSN 1211-8788 Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 335–346, 2013

A new species and new synonymy in Limnocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from Brazil

NICO NIESER1, PING-PING CHEN1 & ALAN LANE DE MELO2 1 Department of Terrestrial Zoology, Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 6627, 31270/901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil; e-mail: [email protected]

NIESER N., CHEN P.-P. & DE MELO A. L. 2013: A new species and new synonymy in Limnocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Naucoridae) from Brazil. In: KMENT P., MALENOVSKÝ I. & KOLIBÁÈ J. (eds.): Studies in Hemiptera in honour of Pavel Lauterer and Jaroslav L. Stehlík. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(2): 335–346. – Limnocoris lautereri sp.nov. is described from Minas Gerais, Brazil. A lectotype is designated for Limnocoris volxemi (Lethierry, 1877), and L. maculiceps Montandon, 1897, syn.nov., is established as a junior subjective synonym of L. volxemi. Keywords. Heteroptera, Naucoridae, Limnocoris, aquatic bugs, lectotype designation, new synonymy, new species, taxonomy, Neotropical Region, Brazil

Introduction The genus Limnocoris Stål, 1860 is currently placed in the monotypical subfamily Limnocorinae Stål, 1876, under the family Naucoridae Leach, 1815. The genus comprises 71 known species, including the new one described here, of which 30 occur in Brazil, 13 in Minas Gerais, and 6 in Amazonas (NIESER & LOPEZ RUF 2001, MOREIRA et al. 2011, this work). Limnocoris is essentially a Neotropical genus, although one somewhat aberrant species (L. moapensis La Rivers, 1950) lives in certain warm springs in Nevada, U.S.A., and another species’ distribution reaches Texas (HENRY & FROESCHNER 1988). The greatest diversity of species is found in the Andes mountain range (NIESER et al. 1993) and in the area from south-eastern Brazil to northern Argentina (NIESER & LOPEZ RUF 2001). In Minas Gerais, most limnocorids live in small to medium-sized streams with slow to moderate current and a bottom of fine to coarse sand or small pebbles. The bugs appear to be nocturnal, hiding in the sandy substratum by daytimeh; however, nothing definite is known of their way of life. The most commonly found species in the state, L. volxemi Lethierry, 1877, has usually been caught among vegetation at the virtually still edges of streams, and occasionally in still-water pools in marshes as well. The first revision of the genus was undertaken by MONTANDON (1898), who recognized 17 species. DE CARLO (1951) published photographs of the 13 species present in the collection of the Museo Argentina de Ciencias Naturales, mostly from Argentina and southern Brazil. Subsequently, J. A. de Carlo and I. La Rivers described a number of

335 N. NIESER ET AL. new species, which were summarized in papers by LA RIVERS (1971, 1974, 1976). NIESER et al. (1993) described five new species from Departamento Valle del Cauca, Colombia, and later NIESER & LOPEZ RUF (2001) revised the genus for the southern area of South America, adding 10 new species, pointing out some synonymies, and presenting a complete checklist of species. In the course of work on Heteroptera samples collected from Amazonas in Brazil, a previously unknown species of Limnocoris was disclosed, which is described herein. In addition, the correct taxonomic status of L. volxemi is studied and confirmed. We dedicate this work to the outstanding hemipterists RNDr. Pavel Lauterer and RNDr. Jaroslav L. Stehlík; also to express gratitude for the invaluable help to Ping-Ping Chen in her study on Homoptera.

Material and methods The material examined is deposited in the following collections: DPIC ...... Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brasil ISNB ...... Département d’Entomologie, Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium MNHN ...... Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France NCTN ...... N. Nieser & P.-P. Chen collection, Tiel, The Netherlands

In our approach to the study and to terminology, we follow NIESER & LOPEZ RUF (2001). The term “synthlipsis” is the smallest distance between the eyes at the rear. The detailed positions at which measurements were taken appears in Figs 24–25; all measurements are given in mm and presented as the mean for certain more important measurements, followed by the range in parentheses. Means are based on five specimens for each sex. The sternal carinae are described with the ventral side upward. The black-and-white line illustrations were made with the aid of a camera lucida on a Leitz stereo microscope, and an Olympus monocular microscope. Habitus photos were taken with a Nikon D700 body with AF 60 mm f2.8D Micro-Nikkor lens, and a Leica 500, and worked up with Adobe Photoshop CS2, version 9.0.

Results Limnocoris lautereri sp.nov. (Figs 3, 4, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17)

Type material. Holotype: ♂ (brachypterous), Brasil: Amazonas: Pitinga, 00°47′28.7″S, 60°04′12.2″W, Estaude de Tiros, abaixo da corredeira, 2.iv.2000, leg. D. L. V. Pereira (DPIC). PARATYPES: 14 ♂♂ 14 ♀♀ (all brachypterous), same data as holotype (7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ DPIC, 7 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ NCTN). Description (based on specimens stored in 70% ethanol). Generally a small, light brown, broadly oval species (Fig. 3). Dimensions. Body length: ♂♂ 6.6 (6.5–6.8) {HT 6.6}, ♀♀ 6.6 (6.5–6.8), width across embolia: ♂♂ 4.6 (4.5–4.8) {HT 4.8}, ♀♀ 4.7 (4.6–4.8), width across connexiva: ♂♂ 4.2 (4.1–4.4) {HT 4.4}, ♀♀ 4.3 (4.2–4.4), anterior width of vertex: ♂♂ 1.32

336 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 New species and synonymy in Limnocoris

Figs 1–3. 1–2 – Limnocoris volxemi (Lethierry, 1877): 1 – lectotype, male; body length 9.0 mm; 2 – paralectotype, female; body length 9.5 mm. 3 – Limnocoris lautereri sp.nov., paratype, male; body length 6.2 mm.

(1.30–1.36) {HT 1.34}, ♀♀ 1.35 (1.30–1.40), width of pronotum ♂♂ 4.04 (3.90–4.16) {HT 4.16}, ♀♀ 4.06 (3.98–4.17), median length of pronotum: ♂♂ 1.31 (1.24–1.35) {HT 1.35}, ♀♀ 1.36 (1.30–1.40), lateral length of pronotum: ♂♂ 1.65 (1.56–1.72) {HT 1.64}, ♀♀ 1.66 (1.62–1.72), median length of head + pronotum: ♂♂ 2.03 (1.88–2.18) {HT 2.18}, ♀♀ 2.10 (1.97–2.15). Colour. Dorsally brown, lateral parts of pronotum and embolia with an orange hue. Head orange with variable, indistinct darker markings medially, eyes black. Scutellum darker than clavus and corium, right membrane with dark vermiculate pattern. Legs and prosternum orange-brown, meso- and metasternum velvety grey, metasternum with an orange tinge towards the rear. Abdominal venter brown to grey, laterally lighter. Structure. Anterior margin of head following the curvature of pronotum and eyes, not projecting. Median mark of interoculus indistinct, anterior width of vertex 1.3 times synthlipsis (1.34 / 1.04); head shorter than medial length of pronotum (1.17 / 1.34); length of eye 1.9 times its width (0.91 / 0.49); anteclypeus projecting 0.1 forward beyond labrum (Fig. 30). Labrum parallel-sided in basal half and converging to an acute tip in apical half, densely covered in dirty-white, short, adpressed, somewhat scale-like hairs; its basal width is equal to its median length (0.42 / 0.42). Pronotum with lateral angles obtusely rounded, maximum width 0.15–0.30 removed from posterior margin, central area lumpy but not distinctly elevated, lateral margin finely serrate, barely visible to

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Figs 4–9. Limnocoris spp., apex of abdomen, scale 1 mm. 4, 6, 8 – male, in dorsal view: 4 – L. lautereri sp.nov., paratype; 6 – L. pusillus Montandon, 1897; 8 – L. illiesi De Carlo, 1967. 5, 7, 9 – female, in ventral view: 5 – L. lautereri sp.nov., paratype, segment VIII removed; 7 – L. pusillus; 9 – L. illiesi.

338 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 New species and synonymy in Limnocoris

Figs 10–15. Limnocoris spp., mesosternum. 10–12 – Mesosternal carina, lateral view from the right side, scale 1 mm: 10 – L. lautereri sp.nov., paratype; 11 – L. pusillus Montandon, 1897; 12 – L. illiesi De Carlo, 1967. 13–15a – mesocarinal fossa in ventral view: 13 – L. lautereri sp.nov., paratype; 14 – L. illiesi De Carlo, 1967; 15 – L. pusillus Montandon, 1897; 15a – L. volxemi (Lethierry, 1877).

indiscernible in dorsal view, about 30 teeth per mm in ventral view; maximum width less than twice anterior width (4.05 / 2.25), and 2.4 times the length of lateral section (4.05 / 1.66). Scutellum 2.3 times as wide as its median length (2.20 / 0.97) and 1.6 times as long as the claval commissure (0.97 / 0.62). Hemelytra leaving a narrow (0.10–0.15 wide) lateral strip of abdomen exposed. Embolium (Fig. 3) with lateral margin only slightly convex, smoothly curved, posterolateral angle virtually absent, its lateral margin indistinctly serrate, in most specimens hardly visible in dorsal view, about 26 teeth per mm in ventral view, width across embolium distinctly larger than maximum width across connexiva (4.7 / 4.3), claval suture absent, right membrane coriaceous, broadly rounded, covering left membrane, membranal suture absent. Left membrane well-developed, membranous. Hind wings strongly reduced, whitish, membranous, reaching over the base of abdomen. Covered part of abdomen waxy medium-rufous brown. Connexival segments not indented, forming a continuous lateral margin to abdomen, last segment with a small spine at the rear. Lateral margin of connexiva distinctly serrate, on segment IV with 34–37 teeth per mm. Prosternal carina with a small knob at the front, slanting downwards gradually towards the rear. Mesosternal carina (Figs 10, 13) well developed, with a low, blunt tooth at the front and a larger tooth at the central part sloping upwards and towards the rear, which has a very shallow, oval fossa; rear of central part sloping downwards abruptly. Metasternal carina with a rhomboid central part with a very shallow

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Figs 16–23. Limnocoris spp., pseudoparameres. 16–17 – L. lautereri sp.nov., paratype, scale 0.1 mm (16 – right, in dorsal view; 17– left, in dorsal view). 18–20 – L. pusillus Montandon, 1897, scale 0.25 mm (18 – left, in dorsal view; 19 – right, inner face; 20 – right, in dorsal view). 21–23 – Limnocoris illiesi De Carlo, 1967, scale 0.25 mm (21 – left, in dorsal view; 22 – right, inner face; 23 – right, in dorsal view).

fossa, strongly slanting downwards at both front and rear. Fore-femur twice as long as wide (♂♂ 1.60 / 0.80, ♀♀ 1.55 / 0.74). Middle femur 5.4 times as long as wide (1.62 / 0.30), and 1.4 times as long as middle tibia (1.62 / 1.16). Hind femur 6.5 times as long as wide (2.22 / 0.34), and about as long as hind tibia (2.22 / 2.12). Male. Genital segments as in Fig. 4, proximal projection of right lobe of tergite VI slight. Pseudoparameres as in Figs 16 and 17. Female. Genital operculum (Fig. 5) with broadly rounded subapical projections giving the basal part of its lateral margin a concave appearance. Comparative notes. In its small size, this species is similar to L. pusillus Montandon, 1897 and L. illiesi De Carlo, 1967. Both of these species are different in mesocarinal shape (Figs 11, 12), and have very narrow mesocarinal fossae (Figs 14, 15), whereas L. lautereri sp.nov. has a different shape of mesocarina (Fig. 10) and a wide, shallow mesocarinal fossa (Fig. 13). The genital opercula of the females of both L. pusillus and L. illiesi (Figs 7, 9) are more evenly convergent at the rear than those in females of L.

340 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 New species and synonymy in Limnocoris

Figs 24–29. Limnocoris volxemi (Lethierry, 1877), scale 1 mm, unless otherwise indicated: 24 – outline of body showing the measurements and structures employed herein; 25 – right foreleg in dorsal view; 26 – right hind tibia in dorsal view; 27 – apex of abdomen in dorsal view showing the expanded segments and genital capsule; 28 – apical part of aedeagus, scale 0.5 mm; 29 – female apex of abdominal tip, showing the operculum. Abbreviations: a = aedeagus; cc = claval comissure; le = length of eye; l = length; ll = length of lateral section of pronotum; p = paramere; pp = proximal projection; ps = pseudoparamere; r = stridulatory ridge, scale 1 mm; s = synthlipsis; v = anterior width of vertex; w = width; we = width of eye.

lautereri sp.nov. (Fig. 5); in addition, the operculum of the female of L. illiesi is obtusely rounded caudally (Fig. 9). The right pseudoparameres (Figs 16, 19–20, 22–23) and the left pseudoparameres (Figs 17, 18, 21) of L. lautereri sp.nov., L. pusillus and L. illiesi are also different. Etymology. This species is named in honour of Dr. Pavel Lauterer, the famous hemipterist from the Czech Republic, for his excellent contributions to the knowledge of Hemiptera, especially to the taxa of Psylloidea and Auchenorrhyncha. Distribution. So far known by only the type series from Brazil (Amazonas).

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Limnocoris volxemi (Lethierry, 1877) (Figs 1, 2, 15a, 24–29) Borbocoris volxemi Lethierry, 1877: 41. Limnocoris maculiceps Montandon, 1898: 417, 424–425 (syn.nov.) Limnocoris maculiceps: DE CARLO (1951: 44–45); NIESER & MELO (1997: 55); NIESER & LOPEZ RUF (2001: 281–283).

Type material examined. Limnocoris volxemi: Lectotype (here designated), ♂ (Fig. 1), and paralectotype, ♀ (Fig. 2) (here designated), both in brachypterous forms. Very little information was given by the original labels as: “PORTUGAL”: coll. Camille van Volxem (ISNB). Limnocoris maculiceps: Lectotype, brachypterous female, bearing labels: Museum Paris, Matto Grosso, de Castelneau 13-47 (printed) and Limnocoris maculiceps Montandon, type 1897 (handwritten, apparently by Montandon) and Lectotype dsg. Nieser & Lopez Ruf (printed on red paper). Paralectotype, macropterous male, bearing labels: Museum Paris, Matto Grosso, de Castelnau 13-47 (printed), and Limnocoris maculiceps cotype 1897 Montandon (handwritten), and Paralectotype (printed on blue paper) (MNHN, designated by NIESER & LOPEZ RUF 2001). Additional material examined. Brasil: Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó, km 122, large and virtually still pothole in stream, surrounded by marsh, 24.ii.1996, leg. N. Nieser, N9603, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀; Perdizes, small stream just south of village, 19.iii.1996, leg. N. Nieser & A. Pelli N9630, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀; São Roque de Minas, Rio Peixe at camping site, 7.xi.1997, leg. N. Nieser & A. Pelli, N9724, 3 ♂♂ 3 ♀♀, all brachypterous (all in NCTN). Redescription. Brachypterous form (based on freshly-pinned specimens from the Serra da Canastra and surroundings). Generally a medium-sized, broadly oval medium- to dark brown species. Dimensions. Body length in male 8.60 (8.30–9.00), in female 8.80 (8.30–9.40), width of body in male 6.36 (6.29–6.50), in female 6.37 (6.10–6.60); anterior width of vertex in male 1.84 (1.80–1.90), in female 1.86 (1.78–1.98); width of pronotum in male 5.35 (5.20–5.50), in female 5.38 (5.15–5.65), median length of pronotum in male 1.89 (1.75–1.98), in female 1.90 (1.80–2.00); lateral length of pronotum in male 2.43 (2.38–2.50), in female 2.47 (2.42–2.50); median length of head + pronotum in male 3.18 (3.10–3.28), in female 3.24 (3.20–3.30). Colour. Light to medium-brown with variable darker mottling, which may become confluent resulting in darker specimens; with light patches laterally on interoculus, submedially and laterally on pronotum and laterally on scutellum, interoculus with a characteristic dark mark, broad towards the front, narrowing towards the rear (Figs 1, 2); eyes dark brownish-grey. Embolium in lighter specimens usually unmarked, yellowish; in darker specimens greyish, contrasting only a little with corium. Membrane concolorous and somewhat more densely mottled than corium. Exposed part of connexival segments in dorsal view yellowish with a distinct dark patch in anterior half. Dorsum of abdomen usually velvety yellowish to orange, occasionally blackish. Venter usually yellowish to light orange-brown in darkest specimens, a pair of dark patches anterolaterally on propleurae, embolium infuscated and connexival segments with dark patches anteriorly, which are larger in some specimens, forming an ill-defined infuscate lateral band, occasionally venter dark grey. Legs yellowish. Structure. Anterior margin of vertex following the curvature of pronotum and eyes, not protruding. Head distinctly declining anteriorly, anterior width of vertex 1.3 times the synthlipsis (1.85 : 1.44), head distinctly shorter than median length of pronotum (1.53 : 1.89), length of one eye slightly less than twice its width (1.24 : 0.65). Anteclypeus

342 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 New species and synonymy in Limnocoris

Fig. 30. Limnocoris lautereri sp.nov., paratype (scale 1 mm): head, in lateral view, showing the anterior margin of head with anteclypeus projecting beyond labrum.

projecting 0.15–0.20 forward of labrum. Labrum parallel-sided in basal part, apical half triangular with a comparatively sharp tip, basal width more than median length (0.60 : 0.55). Pronotum posterolaterally rounded, angles just anterior of a line through the central part of the posterior margin (0.15–0.20), maximum width of pronotum distinctly less than twice its anterior width (5.37 : 3.40) and 2.2 times its length (5.37 : 2.45), lateral margin nearly straight, in posterior half weakly serrate ventrally with about 30 teeth per mm. Granulations on dorsal surface of body fine, lying completely on top. Scutellum clearly over twice as wide at base than its median length (3.02 : 1.29), and much less than twice as long as claval commissure (1.29 : 0.84). Hemielytra leaving only a narrow strip (0.2) of connexiva exposed laterally. Embolium slightly convex dorsally, lateral margin nearly straight but distinctly diverging towards the rear in anterior half, smoothly sinuate at the rear, lateral margin serrate, with approximately 20 teeth per mm; maximum width across connexiva 6.37 : 5.90. Claval suture indicated, right membranal suture absent, membrane coriaceous, broadly rounded, covering most of left membrane. Part of left membrane covered by right membrane, membranous, dark velvety-brown to blackish, broadly rounded, membranal suture absent; the lateral exposed part of left membrane 0.5 times or less wide at base, coriaceous and concolorous with corium. Hind wings reduced, reaching halfway along the third abdominal tergite, transparent to whitish-opaque. Connexival segments not indented, forming a smooth outer edge to abdomen, posterolateral angle of last connexival segment with a short spine (Fig. 27). Connexiva l laterally strongly serrate, connexiva 4 with about 15 teeth per mm. Prosternal carina of average elevation,

Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 343 N. NIESER ET AL. distinctly sloping towards the rear, its bifid anterior tip indistinct in several specimens. Mesosternal carina with central part elevated, with a distinct fossa usually covered in hairs (Fig. 15a), its posterior part without teeth, short and steep. Metasternal carina poorly developed, a barely-elevated tubercle centrally on metaxiphus. Fore-femur (Fig. 25) 1.9 times as long as wide (2.18 : 1.16). Middle femur 5.2 times as long as wide (2.22 : 0.40) and 1.4 times longer than middle tibia (2.22 : 1.57). Hind femur 6 times as long as wide (3.07 : 0.49) and about as long as hind tibia (Fig. 26) (3.07 : 2.96). Male genital segments as in Figs 27–28. The right lobe of tergite 6 with a distinct projection proximally (Fig. 27). Pseudoparameres (Fig. 27) short and stout. Aedeagus (Fig. 28) with the apical widened part partly membranous. Female operculum as in Fig. 29. Macropterous form (based on NIESER & LOPEZ RUF 2001). Very similar to brachypetrous form except for hind wings fully developed. Light brownish opaque. Hemielytra with claval suture and nodal furrow well developed, right membrane only slightly larger compared with brachypterous form; left membrane and scutellum distinctly more developed; basal width of scutellum 3.20, median length 1.53; length of claval commisure 0.67; body length in male 7.8–8.7, in female 8.9, width in male 5.2–6.3, in female 6.6, median length of head + pronotum in male 3.40, in female 3.30. Fifth instar nymph. Dimensions. Length of body 8.20, width 6.30, anterior width of vertex 1.43, width of pronotum 5.40, median length of pronotum 1.17, length of lateral section of pronotum 2.05, median length of head + pronotum 2.45. Colour: Yellowish with variable, usually extensive brown patches formed by confluence of small dots. In specimens with well-developed brown colour pattern, the patch on the interoculus is as in adults, pronotum with a median and two lateral longitudinal bands on disk and a large posterior patch laterally at level of posterior half of eyes. Mesoalinotum irregularly patched, patches nearly confluent centrally. Metanotum and dorsum of abdomen with a tendency to become uniformly brown with distinct yellow patches laterally, forming quite a regular alternating light and dark pattern laterally on connexiva. Venter medially brown, laterally yellow with the dorsal pattern translucent. Structure. Lateral margin of connexiva distinctly serrate, finer than in the adult with about 22 serrations/mm on connexiva IV. Distribution. To date, it appears endemic to Brazil (Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Paraná, Santa Catarina). This is the most commonly found species in Minas Gerais, collected in 15 municipalities. Discussion. Borbocoris volxemi was described by LETHIERRY (1877) on the basis of two males and two females from Portugal, collected by C. van Volxem. Borbocoris is a subsequent incorrect spelling of Borborocoris Stål, 1861, and the latter name was synonymized with Limnocoris Stål, 1860 by MONTANDON (1898). Van Volxem collected the water bugs both in Portugal and in Brazil, and some of his Brazilian specimens appear to have become mixed with his Portuguese samples. Through the kindness of J. Constant and P. Grootaert (Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Museum, Department of Entomology at Brussels, Belgium), it was possible to study the male and female syntypes of B. volxemi. These specimens had been

344 Acta Musei Moraviae, Sci. biol. (Brno), 98(2), 2013 New species and synonymy in Limnocoris studied previously by G. Zimmermann, who was at that time working at the University of Marburg, Germany. The specimens bear red labels: “Lectotype / Paralectotype désigné par G. Zimmermann 1984”. Both specimens are glued on cards, the lectotype (Fig.1) is a male with dissected genitalia, and the paralectotype is a female (Fig. 2). Both specimens bear additional labels: “Portugal coll. Camille Van Volxem / Borborocoris volxemi Lethierry / syntype (red lettering)”. G. Zimmermann (in litt.) wrote that he had neither published this lectotype designation nor did he plan to do so. Therefore, the lectotype designation is validated here, and a note has been added under the lectotype labels “validated by Nieser, Chen et de Melo, 2013”. Considering the size, colour pattern, shape, male genitalia, female genital operculum, and mesosternal carina, L. maculiceps specimens examined are identical with those of the lectotype and paralectotype of L. volxemi, so we here synonymize L. maculiceps Montandon, syn.nov., with L. volxemi (Lethierry).

Acknowledgements We are indebted to Jérôme Constant and Patrick Grootaert (Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Museum, Brussels, Belgium) for managing the loan of material for our study; and to Gerhard Zimmerman (Wuppertal, Germany) for the discussion on the species status of Limnocoris volxemi (Lethierry, 1877). We sincerely thank Thor-Seng Liew (Naturalis, Leiden, The Netherlands) for helping with the photography of the bugs. Finally, for proof reading and critical review, both of which have improved the content of this paper, we sincerely thank Petr Kment (Prague, Czech Republic) and Felipe Moreira (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

References

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