n COVER STORY Wings of change A U.S. Air Force B-1B Lancer bomber peels away from a four-ship formation during a training mission over the U.S. state of Georgia. The B-1 fleet recently passed the 500,000-flying-hour milestone and has proven to be a workhorse of the U.S. Air Force’s bomber fleet. B-1s are used primar- ily for show-of-force deterrence and for swift precision strikes. U.S. AIR FORCE PHOTO Support Systems plays role in aiding made by Boeing or a heritage company or features Boeing as a major subcontractor. the evolution of USAF bomber fleet With the youngest members of the bomber fleet dating back 20 years, however, and the Air Force’s next-generation bomber likely BY DEbbY ARKELL many years away, keeping these aircraft relevant for today’s war- fighters—maintaining aging aircraft and continuing to integrate ince the days of drummers leading armies into battles, the latest in battlefield technology—has become critically impor- warfare has evolved continually. The lightning-speed tech- tant. Thus, the enhancements and modifications performed by Snological advances of recent decades have cast profound Integrated Defense Systems’ Support Systems people are vital to changes on the military, enabling it to transform its arsenal of weap- the ongoing relevance of this crucial element of modern warfare. ons and warfighting techniques to be continuously relevant and “Boeing’s goal is to support the current bomber platforms, combat-ready. meeting the customer’s needs to avoid obsolescence and maintain The United States Air Force bomber fleet is no exception. This combat relevance until the replacement can be fielded—keeping fleet includes about 164 aircraft—a mix of B-1s, B-2s and the the platforms as usable assets to the Air Force,” said Scot Oathout, venerable B-52, which first appeared in the mid-1950s. All three B-52 program director. “Yet we’re not just sustaining these plat- have played and will continue to play significant roles in conflict forms, but changing their missions entirely. And Boeing employ- and peacekeeping missions around the globe, and each was either ees are leading the way.” 12 September 2007 BOEING FRONTIERS n COVER STORY Historical bomber strategies Boeing and its heritage companies have been involved in the Bombers, at a glance evolution of all three bombers, having originally built all or parts of each. Now it’s maintaining and enhancing them to meet current Here’s a closer look at Boeing’s heavy bombers. operator needs. B-1 The B-52 made its debut in 1952 and went into service in 1954 • Built in 1980s by Rockwell International (now part of Boeing). as a high-altitude, long-range nuclear bomber. The B-1B, designed to be a swift nuclear deterrent, first flew in 1984 and was delivered • Converted from nuclear to conventional weapons missions in 1990s. in 1985. The B-2, taking to the skies in 1989, was a stealthy nuclear • Flight speed: Mach 1.25. air-defense penetrator. Early bomber battle strategies focused on the destruction of en- • Gross takeoff weight: 477,000 pounds (216,000 kilograms). emies’ factories, communications and other infrastructure. As air- • Number in U.S. Air Force fleet: 67. craft systems and payload deployment were imprecise, weapons had to be capable of significant damage to ensure the destruction • Primary mission: Considered the workhorse of the U.S. Air Force of the target. The Cold War and nuclear proliferation led to a need bomber fleet, B-1s carry a large, flexible payload and are used for for high-speed displays of force, or deterrent capabilities, in addi- strategic attack and interdiction, close air support, swift precision tion to nuclear capability. strikes and show-of-force deterrence. As politics and technology changed, so did Air Force require- • Enhancements in development by Integrated Defense Systems in ments. Bombers had to fly farther and for longer. As the Cold War Long Beach, Calif., include data links, front and rear cockpit upgrades, nuclear threat waned, precision weapons were introduced. As Central Integrated Test System, Gyro Stabilization System replace- other technological advances boosted troop mobility, the goal no ment. longer was massive destruction of enemy targets using imprecise • Combat operations include Desert Fox (Iraq, 1998), Allied Force weapons—but war on swift, mobile target sets, attacking the en- (Kosovo, 1999), Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan, 2001) and Iraqi emy with pinpoint accuracy. Freedom (Iraq, 2003). Mission: Modification B-2 IDS Support Systems employees around the United States have • Built by an industry team including Northrop Grumman, Boeing and stepped up to the challenge, upgrading these bomber platforms in Vought Aircraft Industries. Boeing was—and remains—responsible a multitude of ways. These enhancements have kept the platforms for one-third of the aircraft’s systems and structural elements. current with technological innovations. They’ve also changed their role from that of a single-mission capability to a flexible, versatile, • Entered U.S. Air Force operational fleet in 1993. networked asset in the Air Force fleet. • Known as the “stealth bomber” because of its ability to elude enemy Enhancements to bomber platforms fall into four categories: radar. weaponry, modernization, connectivity and sustainment. Support • Number in U.S. Air Force fleet: 21. Systems people play a role on all fronts. Here’s a look at each category. • Primary mission: long-range flight, to attack key targets early in a conflict to minimize the opponent’s capabilities. • Flight speed: high subsonic. The B-52 first entered military service with the • Recent enhancements by IDS Support Systems in Seattle include the U.S. Air Force in 1954 in its primary mission as addition of smart-bomb racks in the B-2’s two bomb bays and Ultra a long-range, heavy bomber. It can carry a wide High Frequency Satellite Communication. array of weapons, including air-launched cruise missiles. B-52 U.S. AIR FORCE PHOTO • Built by Boeing in Seattle and Wichita, Kan.; most modifications occur during Program Depot Maintenance in Oklahoma. • First entered military service in 1954. • Number in U.S. Air Force fleet: 76. • Primary mission: long-range, heavy bomber that can carry the widest array of weapons in the U.S. Air Force bomber fleet, including air- launched cruise missiles • Flight speed: high subsonic. • Can carry up to 70,000 pounds (31,800 kilograms) of mixed payload. • Combat operations include all major offensives from Vietnam through Operation Iraqi Freedom. • Recent enhancements include B-52 Combat Network Communica- tions Technology program, Avionics Midlife Improvement and Electronic Countermeasure Integration programs. KEVIN FLYNN PHOTO BOEING FRONTIERS September 2007 13 n COVER STORY The B-2—called “the stealth bomber” because of its ability to elude enemy radar—was built by an industry team featuring Northrop Grumman, Boeing and Vought Aircraft Industries. Boeing built primary structural components for the B-2 including outboard and aft-center sections of the bomber’s fuselage, and supplied the bomber’s fuel systems, weapons delivery system PHOTO and landing gear. Boeing remains responsible for one-third of the aircraft’s systems and structural elements. BOEING Weaponry. Weaponry upgrades entail changing the payload Future improvements carried on the aircraft and integrating advanced weapons systems. Boeing is working with the U.S. Air Force customer and, in the case of All three bombers originated with nuclear capability but now have the B-2 program, prime contractor Northrop Grumman, to devise ways expanded their role to include conventional weapons. to keep Boeing bombers relevant well into the future. Here are some Today’s global positioning systems allow weapons to be in- creasingly precise. This means bombers can service many more examples of technologies Integrated Defense Systems Support Systems targets per sortie than before—and can deploy munitions accu- is considering for future application. rately from higher, safer altitudes. B-52 The warfighter must also be able to identify and track these tar- Airborne Electronic Attack is an enhancement based on the capabilities gets. Boeing Support Systems in January demonstrated the ability to of the EA-18G Growler and is one that would fundamentally change the track moving targets using an infrared targeting pod on the B-1 and mission of the B-52. AEA—also known as Core Component Jammer— is working to deploy this technology to the fleet. The B-52 program would enable the B-52 to stand off at long distances and use jamming also has successfully integrated Litening Pods on the B-52—these technology to protect other U.S. Air Force assets in theater, such as B-2 pods include Low Light TV, Infrared, Laser Designator and Data stealth aircraft. IDS Support Systems expects to be in the predemonstra- Link capabilites—and is currently developing a universal interface tion phase by late 2007. allowing the use of Litening, Sniper or Advanced Targeting Pods. As advanced new weapons emerge, bombers must be upgraded B-1 to accommodate them. That’s a complex endeavor involving The B-1 program is developing a targeting radar to distinguish between updating and integrating software, hardware, and electrical and multiple stationary and moving targets simultaneously in all weather. mechanical enhancements to the aircraft. This would enable pilots to accurately identify targets passed along by Boeing just completed the $2.8 billion Conventional Mission ground forces. Data gathered by the radar also could provide intel- Upgrade Program for the U.S. Air Force, changing the B-1 from a ligence, surveillance and reconnaissance information, complementing nuclear alert bomber to conventional weapons carrier. that gathered from airborne warning and command system aircraft or “During Operation Desert Storm the B-1 was standing nuclear unmanned combat vehicles.