Contributors Afe Adogame holds a PhD in the History of Religions from Bayreuth University, Germany, where he was a senior research fellow in the Department for the Study of Religion and the Institute of African Studies for a decade. He teaches at the Divinity School of the University of Edinburgh, Scotland. His research interests include: the African diaspora, new African religious movements, and religion and globalization. He is the author of Celestial Church of Christ: The Politics of Cultural Identity in a West African Prophetic-Charismatic Movement (1999). He is also the coedi- tor of European Traditions in the Study of Religion in Africa (2004) and Religion in the Context of African Migration (2005). Christine Ayorinde received her PhD in history from the University of Birmingham in 2000. She was awarded a postgraduate studentship from the Arts and Humanities Research Board of the British Academy and has held a postdoctoral research fellowship with the UNESCO Nigerian Hinterland Project at York University, Canada. Her recent publications include: Afro- Cuban Religiosity, Revolution and National Identity (2004) and chapters in Identity in the Shadow of Slavery (2000); Contesting Freedom: Control and Resistance in the Century after Emancipation in the Caribbean (2005); and The Yoruba Diaspora in the Atlantic World (2005). Research interests include African and diaspora religions and comparative studies in race and ethnicity. Angela N. Castañeda received her PhD in Cultural Anthropology from Indiana University. She is assistant professor of Anthropology and Latin American and Caribbean Studies at DePauw University in Greencastle, Indiana. Her research interests focus on issues of identity, festivals, reli- gion, and expressive culture among communities of the African diaspora in Latin America and the Caribbean. With research and field experience in various Latin American countries including Brazil and Colombia, her dissertation, entitled “‘Veracruz tambien es Caribe’: Power, Politics, and Performance in the Making of an Afro-Caribbean Identity,” was based on field research in Mexico. 252 Contributors Fatimah Fanusie is a doctoral candidate in American History at Howard University. Her dissertation, “Fard Muhammad in Historical Context: An Islamic Thread in the American Religious and Cultural Quilt,” explores the Indian Ahmadiyya background of Fard Muhammad and the early his- tory of the Nation of Islam (NOI) through a comparative Islamic frame- work. Ms. Fanusie’s research interests include American religious history; twentieth-century Islamic development in America; and comparative historical Islamic development. Her studies and research in Egypt, India, and the United States have focused on the use of syncretism as a tool to introduce “normative” Islam to unlettered populations. Eddie S. Glaude, Jr., is a professor in the Religion Department at Princeton University. His research interests include American pragmatism—specifically the work of John Dewey—and African American religious history and its place in American public life. He is the recipient of numerous fellowships and awards, including the 2002 Modern Language Association William Sanders Scarborough Prize for his book Exodus!: Religion, Race, and Nation in 19th Century Black America (2000). He is also the editor of Is It Nation Time?: Contemporary Essays on Black Power and Black Nationalism (2002) and, with Cornel West, African-American Religious Thought: An Anthology (2004). His most recent book is In a Shade of Blue: Pragmatism and the Politics of Black America (2007). Kelly E. Hayes received her PhD in the History of Religions from the University of Chicago. Her work is ethnographically based and centrally concerned with issues of gender, sexuality, marginality, and morality in the context of Afro-Brazilian spirit possession religions. She is assistant professor of Religious Studies at Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis. Jonathon S. Kahn received his PhD from Columbia University and is currently an assistant professor of Religion at Vassar College. He has pub- lished essays on Du Bois and religion in Philosophia Africana and The Souls of W. E. B. Du Bois: New Essays and Reflections (forthcoming, 2009). His current book project, Divine Discontent: The Religious Imagination of W.E.B. Du Bois [2008], unearths Du Bois’s distinctive religiosity—a decidedly black faith that is in constant tension with traditional Christian metaphysics. Maha Marouan is assistant professor in the Religious Studies Department at the University of Alabama. She completed her PhD in African American literature at the School of American and Canadian Studies, University of Nottingham, England. She is currently investigating the constructions of Contributors 253 religion and history in Toni Morrison’s Paradise, David Bradley’s The Chaneysville Incident, and Maryse Condé’s Moi, Tituba, sorcière Noire de Salem. Additional interests include Afro-Caribbean Literature, postcolo- nial literature, comparative literature, and African American religions. Russell T. McCutcheon is professor of Religious Studies and chair of the Religious Studies Department at the University of Alabama. Among oth- ers, he is the author of Manufacturing Religion (1977); Critics Not Caretakers (2001); The Discipline of Religion: Structure, Meaning, Rhetoric (2003); and Studying Religion: An Introduction (2007). He is also the editor of The Insider/Outsider Problem in the Study of Religion (1999) and coeditor with Willi Braun of Guide to the Study of Religion (2000). Wilson Jeremiah Moses is Ferree professor of American History and senior fellow of the Arts and Humanities Institute at the Pennsylvania State University. He has been Fulbright senior lecturer at the Free University of Berlin and Fulbright guest professor at the University of Vienna. He has written five books and published three others as a documentary editor. Recent publications include: Creative Conflict in African American Thought (2004); Liberian Dreams: Back to Africa Narratives from the 1850s (1998); Afrotopia: The Roots of African American Popular History (1998); and The Wings of Ethiopia (1990). Merinda Simmons is a PhD candidate in the Department of English at the University of Alabama. Her research interests and areas of emphasis include African American literature and theory, postcolonial literature, and Third Wave and transnational feminist theory. She is currently work- ing on a dissertation tentatively entitled, “Mary Prince and Her Sisters: Gender, Labor, and the Formation of ‘Authenticity’ in Afro-Caribbean and African American Women’s Migration Narratives.” Maboula Soumahoro is a doctoral candidate and teacher in the English Department at the Université François Rabelais. She is currently complet- ing her dissertation entitled “Black Peoples, Black Gods: A Comparative Analysis of the Early Ideologies of the Nation of Islam and the Rastafari, 1930–1950.” She has been a visiting scholar in the History Department and the Institute for Research in African-American Studies at Columbia University, New York; she has also lectured and delivered papers in the United States, the Caribbean, and Europe. Theodore Louis Trost is associate professor in Religious Studies and New College at the University of Alabama. He received his PhD from Harvard 254 Contributors University in American Religious History. He is the author of Douglas Horton and the Ecumenical Impulse in American Religion (2002) and, with Carolyn M. Jones, the coeditor of Teaching African American Religions (2005). In 2005, he was awarded a Louisville Institute “Religious Institutions Grant” to study the United Church of Christ’s television advertising campaign. Matthew Waggoner received his PhD from the History of Consciousness Program at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where he specialized in critical and cultural theory and the study of religion. He has served as visiting assistant professor of Religious Studies at Yale University and is currently assistant professor of Philosophy and Religion at Albertus Magnus College in New Haven, Connecticut. Dr. Waggoner has pub- lished articles and reviews for Culture and Religion and Journal of Cultural and Religious Theory. He is also coeditor of the forthcoming Readings in the Theory of Religion: Map, Text, Body (2007). Regennia N. Williams is associate professor in the Department of History at Cleveland State University and the founder and director of The Initiative for the Study of Religion and Spirituality in the History of Africa and the Diaspora (RASHAD). She has designed courses for Cleveland State University on “The History of Blacks through Sacred Music” and “Collective Survival in the African Diaspora.” Her published works include “Reading Writing, and Racial Uplift” in Education and the Great Depression (2006); “Mother to Son” in Montage of a Dream: Essays on the Art and Life of Langston Hughes (2007); “‘Race Women’ and Reform” in the Proceedings of the Ohio Academy of History (2002); and entries in The Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Her current projects include a biography of photographer Allen Cole and a history of Cleveland’s African American community. Index Entries in italics refer to illustrations. Abdullah, Muhammad ibn, 40 Crummell and, 1–12 Abdul-Malik, Ahmed, 51 elite, 79 Abernathy, Ralph David, 62 exile metaphor and, 26 abolitionism, 5, 10, 79, 102 Garvey and, 36 Abraham, Aziz, 54 Islam and, 35, 39–43, 49–65 acculturation, 78, 155, 159, 169n5 Larsen and, 96, 99, 101–2 Adeboye, Enoch, 22,