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VOL. XXIII. NOTRE DAME, INDIANA, MAY 17, 1890. No. 36.

sisted of a level space about 4,000 feet long by The Olympic Games. 2,000 feet broad, enclosing the spot appropriated to the games and the sanctuaries connected with them. The "Pompic Way" crossed the BY J. E. PARADIS, 'QO. Altis from east to west, and was the road fol­ lowed by all the processions. Of the great Herodotus speaks of a peculiar community of buildings of-Olympia, the "Olympeium," dedi­ religious sentiments, legends, sacrifices and fes­ cated to Olympian Zeus, and the completion tivals as the third bond of union among the of which required more than a-century, was the Greeks, following in order those of blood and most celebrated; it contained a colossal statiie language. In his time, and even a century of the god, the masterpiece of Phidias. Much earlier, the closest association prevailed between could be said of this beautiful valley, but I must the feelings of common worship and the sym­ pass on to the Olympic Games themselves. pathy in common amusement. This associa­ Of the beginnings of these great solemnities tion, which gave rise to the great Olympic Games, we can speak only in mythical language: their and others of the kind, we must keep fully before origin goes back to pre-historic ages, but we us if we wish to understand the life and pro­ know them only in their comparative maturity. ceedings of the Greeks. To every student of The Elian priests, to whom was given the great Greek history these great festivals must be of honor of presiding over the Games, ascribed overwhelming importance and interest. their origin to the Idean Herakles, father of The four most conspicuous amidst many Zeus, whilst others to the later Herakles, son of others analogous, were the Olmypic, Pythian, Jupiter and Alkmene. According to the old Nemean and Isthmian Games. The first, of ^Tiyth, which Pindar has ennobled in a magni­ which I desire to treat were by far the oldest ficent ode, Herakles, on the occasion of the and the greatest, being common to the whole conquest of Elis, consecrated the ground of Hellenic body, while the others were partial Olympia, and instituted these Games. Nothing and confined to the neighborhood. but many such fables is left to us respecting The celebration of the Olympic Games in their origin. Iphitos, however; King of Elis, is honor of Zeus, father of the gods, recurred every usually regarded as their founder. Tradition fifth year, and was the most splendid national speaks of their historical revival by Iphitos festival of the Greeks. The Plain of Olympia and Lykurgus, the Spartan lawgiver, in 884 B. C. itself, now ennobled only by immortal recollec­ If is certain that they did not institute, but only- tions, but once containing the choicest treasures revived them. of Grecian art, was the national sanctuary, and For many years only the Peloponnesians re­ for many centuries the brightest centre of attrac­ sorted to the Olympic Games, but gradually they tion known in the ancient world. It was situated became a festival for all Greece. And although on the River Alpheius, in the territory called the for a long time no one but those of Hellenic Pisatid near the borders of Arcadia, and was the blood could compete in the various contests most beautiful valley in Peloponnesus. The this valued privilege was given to foreigners after sacred grove of Olympia, or the "Altis," con­ the conquest of Greece by the Romans; Nero 566 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, and Tiberius appear in the list of victors, to­ as attaching to the soil. And when, to celebrate gether with other Roman emperors. The cele­ the eighth Olympiad, they were forcibly dispos­ bration occurred at the first full moon after the sessed of their right by Pheidon of Argos in summer solstice, and lasted from the nth to conjunction with the Pisatans, they refused to the 15th of the Attic month, during which "all include this Olympiad in their register of victo­ hostilities ceased throughout Greece, and the rious runners. This attempt of the despot to territory of Elis was inviolable. Heralds were restore to the Pisatans, or acquire for himself •sent-previously to proclaim the truce to the the administration of this festival, proves the country. For no less than ten months before importance of the celebration in Peloponnesus the contests the Elis gymnasium was frequented so early as 740 B. C. And that its importance by multitudes of people to witness the prepara­ gradually augmented we have a proof in the tion of the combatants. No official records of increased number and variety of matches exhib­ the proceedings in the festival are preserved, ited to the spectators, and in the substitution of but the following order is commonly thought to the crown of olive, an honorary reward, instead have been followed: On the first day the great of the more substantial prize which was first initiatory sacrifices were offered, and the com­ given to the victor. petitors classed and arranged by the Elean " We" may have'an idea of the noble influence judges; on this day also the contests opened of these Games when we consider that it had by that of the trumpeters. On the second day become an object of ambition to every Greek came the boys' foot-races, wrestling, boxing, the to figure at the festival with the richest display pentathlon, pankration, horse-races, etc. The of horses and chariots, to contend not for money, third day, the principal day of the celebration, but only for the sake of honor. This fact brings was given to the men's foot-races, wrestling, box­ to view a characteristic of Hellenic life which ing, race of hoplites, men in heavy armor and contrasts not only with the manners of the con­ the pankration, in which all the power and skill temporary Orientals, but even with those of the of the combatants were exhibited.. On the fourth earlier Greeks. day took place the pentathlon contests in leap­ The noblest function, however, of this, the ing, running, throwing the discus, throwing the holiest and most frequented ceremony of the spear, chariot horse-races and the contests of Hellenic world, was to unite all in a common the heralds. The fifth and last day was con­ religious feeling, and spread friendship and fra­ secrated to processions and sacrifices; banquets ternity among cities not politically united. We were also given to the victors or " Olympionikoi," must recollect here that there existed a complete who were crowned with garlands of wild olive political disunion among the most cherished twigs cut from the sacred tree of the Altis. They principles of the Greeks; the only source of su­ were introduced to the assembled crowd, each preme authority to which they felt respect and bearing a palm in his hand, while heralds pro­ attachment was to be found within the walls of claimed their names and that of their fathers their own respective cities. The relation be­ and countries. They were received at home tween two cities was not that which commonly with great honors: songs and praises were ad­ subsists between the various members of the dressed to them, statues were erected to them same political aggregate, but it was an interna­ in the Altis and in their native cities, places of tional, or what we might more appropriately honor were reserved for them in all public spec­ call an "interpolitical" relation. We may now tacles, and they were generally exempt from safely assume that the general Hellenic senti­ public taxation. ment and character, the temporary union to be Every reader of history is soon made ac­ found among them-when actuated by resistance quainted with the great importance of the Olym­ to a common enemy, was at least powerfully pic Games and their wonderful influence on the stimulated by those majestic assemblies wherein national character. Of the first we are thor­ all joined together to offer sacrifices to. the oughly convinced when we consider what an gods, and celebrate in common the great na­ immensely prized privilege it was to preside tional Games. over them. The presidency was at once digni­ Thus the Olympic festival had acquired an fied and lucrative, and on several occasions blood attractive force capable of bringing together in was shed to determine what state should enjoy temporary union all the dispersed fragments of it. The Eleans always controlled the Games Hellas. On many occasions it was their im­ after the Pisatid became annexed to the terri­ portant function to unite in religious fraternity tory of Elis; the services to the gods, as well as those who,had long been separated by internal the administration of the festival was conceived contentions and struggles. What cannot fail to THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 567

attract our admiration is the deep religious feel­ ing which attended those ceremonies. We have Infusoria. seen that during the month of their occurrence heralds were sent to all parts of Greece to pro­ BY W. I. MORRISON, go. claim the cessation of hostilities. Elis imposed heavy fines on other towns—even the powerful It is a peculiar fact that the life we see around Lacedeemon — for violation of the Olympic us, from the largest mammal to the smallest truce. This strong force of religious sentiment invertebrate, forms hardly a fraction of the im­ had formed such an inherent attribute of the mense animal kingdom. The ancients, and I Greek character that even at the Thermopylae, may say with equal certainty, the moderns, when the whole freedom and existence of the until within the last two or three centuries, have country was at stake, the' Greeks refused to known none of the marvels of creation. A mouse postpone such venerated solemnities, and sent was small in the eyes of the Greeks or Romans, only an advanced guard instead of their full an insect was unnoticed, and an animalcula,— force. This persistence in remaining at home to but stop—^they had conceived not even of their celebrate their festivities, while an invader of existence. superhuman force was at their gates, reminds Artistotle, the father of the natural sciences, us of the Jews, who while they were besieged knew—what?—the vertebrates,' a few, very few, suffered the operations of the Romans round invertebrates, and—what else? — nothing, ab­ their city to go on uninterrupted during the solutely. What would that philosopher have Sabbath. said had some anticipating heathen foretold to Whatever may be said of the great Olympic him that before many centuries should betake Games, we cannot but sincerely admire among themselves into the boundless" sea of eternity pagans,, institutions which combined religious man would see a world of life in a single drop solemnities with recreative effusion and hearty of water; or that the number of beings living, sympathies in a manner so imposing and un­ eating, in a word, performing all the functions paralleled. of life, in a cup of water, would far exceed the ^ • » whole of the human race? We will not specu­ Reminiscences. late; no doubt the prophet's fate had been some­ thing horrible in the hands of a furious and " I must have had lovers ? " Yes, a score, superstitious people. ; I may say it now without conceit. It was not until the latter part of the seven­ Many a gallant true and brave Has laid his heart at my feet;— teenth century that the great scientist Leuwen- Little one with the rose-red lips. hoek ' first observed the Infusoria, and what Mine were once as sweet. small knowledge he then obtained was of neces­ One, and he was the very first, sity very elementary. His grave is far in the boundless West, Baker and Trembley, two bright lights in the Sent me, dying, the ghost of a flower scientific world, were the next whose attention He had carried for years in his breast, was attracted by these animalculse; but it was Haunting his heart with the ghost of a dream Worn, like a scar, on his breast. reserved for Hill, in 1752, to make the first at­ tempt at a systematic classification. Some years Not all so faithful as he of the rose; later Uresberg gave them the name that they • But I met a white-haired man last night . Who many a time in the olden days have since borne—Infusoria, suggested to him Has called me "Heart's Delight!" by the fact of their great abundance in animal Little one with the shining eyes, and vegetable infusions. Mine were once, as bright. Ehrenberg and Dujardin, after the advent of Arid one, he was never a lover,—no; more powerful microscopes and the perfection But I thought of him with the rest. of achromatic'lens, were able to arrive at a bet­ He lived to scorn for a fair, false thing. ter comprehension of the organization of these The woman he took to his breast. He is dead this many a day,— infinitesimal beings, and now naturalists have Sometimes death is best. established, with great exactness, the limits of Slowly, softly, rose-red lips! the zoological group to which they belong. "And yet your heart went free?" Scientists are divided as to the exact nat­ "No, no—there's naught like a woman's will. ure of their structure; indeed'some attribute to O'er land or under sea, them a very complex organization, while others And the only man I ever loved, uphold the theory of a simpler form: as a mat­ - Was the one who never loved me. M. E. M. ter-of-fact the truth will appear to be a happy 56S THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, mean. Besides the granules, the interior glob­ fourth of the parent of that, the eighth of its grand parent, ules, air vesicles, vibrate cils, and the more or and so on, if we can apply the terms father or mother to animals which must see in its two halves, the grandfather less complex tegumentary system, the superior himself by a new division again living in his four parts. Infusoria have what is known as the Sarcodo. We might imagine such an Infusoria to be an aliquot It has been impossible to observe, with any part of one like it, which had lived years, and even ages degree of certainty, the digestive apparatus in before, and which, by continued subdivision into pairs, the more inferior orders of the class, compre­ might continue to live forever by its successive develop­ ment." hending the very smallest animalculae. The ex­ istence of their mouths is a disputed subject; The extraordinary fecundity of these beings very probably that which has heretofore been may be comprehended by this mode of genera­ considered a mouth being nothing more than an tion; in fact, the process defies calculation. indenture on the surface of the body. Observation has established the fact that inside In the superior Infusoria, the student has less of one month two stylonichia had a progeny of difficulty, observation being attended with fewer more than one million and forty-eight thousand insurmountable obstacles: they are called ciliate. individuals, and during forty-two days, a single The^' are provided with small, hair-like cils Paramecium produced the astounding number of which keep up a continual vibratory motion, and one million three hundred and sixty-four thou­ are intended, at the same time, as organs of sand forms similar to itself. What a remark­ propulsion, nutrition and respiration, a most re­ able instance of the fight for the preservation of markable example of the cumulative functions species! in physiology. The Infusoria abound everywhere, in waters In a moment of inspiration, if I may use the both fresh and salt, cold and hot, and at a depth term, Herr Gleichen, a German physiologist of in the sea most surprising, deeper than the a century ago, conceived the idea of coloring height of the loftiest mountain. These micro­ the water in which these small creatures exist, scopic creatures are the smallest and the most and waiting patiently, at length observed the numerous in creation. Remains of them have minute particles of nutritive matter, now easily been found on the tops of mountain ranges and seen, disappear into their buccal orifices, guided, in the profoundest depths of the ocean, in the or rather whipped in, by the tireless ciliat(B. icebergs of the north and south, and under the Ehrenberg, later on, availed himself of this withering sun at the equator. The Infusoria artifice in order to study their internal struct­ make the mud of the Nile as fertile as it is, and ure and mode of absorbing nutritive matter. whole beds of strata, many feet in thickness, The most surprising phenomena of all is the are nothing more than their remains, while the wonderful means emploj'^ed by.nature in per­ stone known as tripoli, so much used by metal petuating this class of animals: they reproduce workers, is composed entirely of solid fossil in three different manners, i. e., hygemmation or Infusoria. buddmg, not unlike plants; by sexual reproduc­ In the south of France, where the salt water tion, and by spontaneous division into two ani­ from certain marshes near the sea-shore is ex­ mals, known to zoologists as fission or fissipar- posed to the great solar heat in order to extract ism. the salt, when a certain temperature has been The last niethod is the one to which more reached, ,the whole assumes a beautiful rose attention has been paid, and is, therefore, best color, due to the presence of numberless infu­ understood. Patience in examination will re­ soria which have a shell of that color. ward the observer with a sight of this most In the River Ganges in India, Ehrenberg has singular method of perpetuation of species. The found twenty-one different species, and in the oblong body is first seen to contract about the waters between the Philippine and the Marianne middle, the compression becoming more and Islands, at a depth of about twenty-two thou­ more marked. Vibratile cils may be seen ap­ sand feet, one hundred and sixteen species have pearing on the lower segment, indicating the appeared. position of a new mouth which becomes more They may be divided into two orders, the distinct until finally the animal literally cuts Ciliate Infiisoria, provided with cilia, and the itself into two parts. A fragment of glutinous Flagelliferous Infusoria, which have long arms or substance flutters on the edge of the plate, but branches. By far the larger number belong to the two halves separate quickly, and each is a the first-named. new animal, the counterpart of the first. The Paramecium is the most common of the "By this mode of propagation," says Dujardin, "an Ciliates; they reproduce by spontaneous divi­ Infusoria is the half of the one which preceded it, the sion. They abound in great masses in stagnant THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 5^9 waters, or pure water in which are growing 1842. The plot is a very strong one in which aquatic plants. They have oblong compressed the author shows rare tact. It is supposed to bodies, with an oblique, longitudinal fold, di­ be written at a time when weaving was consid­ rected toward the mouth, and large enough to ered an important industry, and "when the be observed with a common lens. spinning wheels hummed busily in the farm­ The Ste7ilons bear consideration. They are houses, and when even great ladies, clothed in mostly found in fresh, tranquil waters covered silk and thread lace, had their toy spinning with plants. Their color is generally green, wheels of polished oak." Raveloe in "Merry" blackish or blue, are eminently contractile and England is the scene of the plot. The people variable in form. In their first state they are were slightly superstitious and obscure in their fixed, resemble a bell with edges reversed and religious beliefs. are ciliate; soon, however, they become free, The story of Silas Marner is rather long, but when they lose their cilia, are more or less an very interesting, and not at all complicated as elongated cylinder, and move about by means is the case with early novels. Silas Marner was of a new organ. driven to a retired life, and earned a living by The Vorticels are, perhaps, the ones which weaving. In early life he had been a religious mostly excite our admiration, on account of youth; but on one occasion, while attending their crown of cilia, producing, as it does, a vor­ the bedside of the sick deacon, he was seized tex, their ever-varying forms, but more than all, with a cataleptic fit, and while in this condition on account of th&irpedicle, an organ susceptible his most intimate friend and companion, William of very rapid spiral contraction, by drawing the Dane, robbed the house, and placed a pocket body backward and forward. knife belonging to Silas in the chest which had It would probably appear somewhat facetious, contained the money. Silas was accused of the on my part, to say that the greatest difficulty crime, but could not be tried legally; nor could to solve, in studying these infinitesmal beings, he be prosecuted, because this was in opposition is the question whether they are animals or to the rules of his sect. Another means they plants. Yet such is the fact. Desmids were had for finding the truth—as they supposed at long ago thought to belong to the animal king­ that time—was by casting lots. The lots de­ dom, but now all scientists agree in placing clared that Silas was guilty. He must leave them among the plants. Who knows to what Lantern Yard, the place of his birth, and seek the diatoms belong, or what one will say, with some strange place. To make him feel his certainty, that Monads are animals? Every disgrace more keenly, his affianced wife, Sarah, learned person, in this day, places the Infusoria broke off their engagement, saying that she among animals; but it is just likely that in the had no desire to marry a thief; soon afterward next generation, some eminent disciple.of Hum­ she married Dane. This caused Marner to be­ boldt or Agassiz will show that they are plants. come a woman-hater and completely upset his religious ideas. ^ • » After Silas Marner left Lantern Yard he came Books We Have Read. to Raveloe, which was much further southward. He lived among the stone pits for fifteen years VI. working away at his loom. He gradually ac­ GEORGE ELIOT'S "SILAS MARNER." quired much wealth, but kept it in his cottage Probably no book of fiction is read with more under the floor. He became a hardened miser, interest at the present day than George Eliot's and often would sit up at night counting his "Silas Marner"; but we should not wonder at money. He had no communication with any this when we consider the style of the book. one, except when providing himself with the The author, Mrs. Mirian Cross, better known necessaries of life, or when disposing of his work. by her assumed name of George Eliot, was born Having become weaned from the world because in England in 1820. She was the wife of J. W. of hypocrisy, he had no thought save of his Cross, but she achieved her great distinction gold. The villagers knew him as "old Master as a writer when she was a Miss Evans. She Marner," and supposed him to be a magician of has been classed among the first of the Eng­ some kind because of his knowledge of herbs, lish noveli.sts. Her other well-known produc­ inherited from his mother. The children would tions are "Adam Bede," "The Mill on the run from him on account of his frightful appear­ Floss," "Romula," "Felix Holt, The Radical," ance.' and "The Spanish Gypsy," a poem. "Silas Living in the same village was Squire Cass, Marner," her best known work, was written in the most prominent and influential citizen, who 57o THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC had two sons, Dunstan and Godfrey. The for­ opium habit, and while travelling to his house mer was a spiteful, jeering fellow who seemed had been overcome with drowsiness and thought to enjoy his drink the mox'e when other people she would lie down for a few minutes. The went dr}^' but the latter, who was his elder, was child crawled from her arms to Silas Marner's a fine, open-faced, good-natured young gentle­ cottage, being attracted by the light from the man, who was engaged to Miss Nancy Lammeter, fireplace, which shone through the open door­ the belle of Raveloe. Nancy intimated to God­ way. Godfrey was now free to marry Nancy frey that she would break off the engagement Lammeter. - This he did very shortly after­ if he did not mend his ways; for he of late was wards. being greatl}'^ influenced by Dunstan. The cause With the help of good Mrs. Dolly Winthrop, of this was that Godfrey had been led by his Silas succeeded in raising the child whom he brother into a secret marriage that was the named Eppie. By the advice of Dolly, Eppie blight of his life. Whenever Dunstan wished was baptized, and now they attended church reg­ for any money he would make demands on his ularly every Sunday. As the child's mind was brother with the threat of exposure on his refu­ growing into knowledge, Silas' mind was grow­ sal. Finally, Godfrey appropriated his father's ing into memory; as her life unfolded, his soul, money to pay Dunstan, and in order to make long stupified in a cold, narrow prison, was un­ up for the deficiency he gave his favorite horse folding too, and trembling gradually into full to Dunstan to sell. The latter, while riding consciousness. Eppie had grown up with Dolly recklessly, accidentally killed the horse, and on Winthrop's boy Aaron, as if they were brother returning home with his riding whip in his hand and sister, and now since she was a young lady walked by the house of Silas Marner who had this .affection grew into love. Eppie had prom­ gone out for Avater, leaving the door open. ised to be his wife on condition that they should Dunstan robbed the house and hurried away in live in the cottage with "daddy" Silas, as she the darkness. His absence from home did not had learned to call him. The villagers no longer cause any alarm or comment, because frequently looked upon Silas as some frightful being, but he went on a debauch and remained sometimes would often stop him, engage in conversation for a year, tramping around the country. Mar­ with him and admire his pretty daughter. ner-was inconsolable at his loss, and implored A short time before the marriage of Eppie the officers to hunt down the robber and com­ to Aaron, Godfrey Cass had workingmen en­ pel him to return at least part of his mone^^ gaged in cleaning out the pond in the stone pits After awhile excitement -died out and God­ near Marner's cottage. When the pond had frey commenced to congratulate himself on the been drained there was found in it a skeleton riddance of Dunstan, when one night during a . and a sack of gold guineas. The skeleton proved dance at Squire Cass' house, Silas Marner rushed to be that of Dunstan Cass, because of the gold in with a baby in his arms. He brought the ' handle whip belonging to Godfrey and contain­ startling news that he had found a wonian lying ing his name which was found beside the skele­ dead in the snow and had conie for help. He ton. Thus was the robbery of Silas Marner explained that upon returning- to his cottage . brought to light after twenty years had elapsed. after a few minutes' absence he had found lying Godfrey was much astonished, and hastened on the hearth what he supposed to be his stolen to Silas. He said he was very sorry that his money. Upon examination he saw, not his lost brother had caused him so much trouble and gold, but a sleeping child. -He raised it in his worry, and to compensate him he would adopt arms, and after having warmed it, fed it upon Eppie and give her a good education. Godfrey some milk and bread, and was directed by its had beforehand told his wife, to whom he had cries to the spot where its mother lay dead. now been married nineteen years, concerning his Doctor Kimble, the only physician in Raveloe, secret marriage. Of course Mrs. Nancy Cass was present at Squire Gass; he was summoned, was much grieved; but, as she was a sensible as and he hastened to Marner's cottage. Godfrey well as a loving wife, she began to help right his Cass, who had recognized, the child, also went, wrongs a,s far as possible. It was she who had although he had not time to change his dancing resolved on the plan to adopt Eppie. So we slippers. It was with considerable anxiety, that now see the object Godfrey had in view when he approached the place. He waited on the he made the proposition to Silas; but as Silas outside until the doctor had made an exami­ refused he determined to tell the truth and claim nation, and was much relieved and even rejoiced Eppie as his daughter. Marner was astonished to hear that his wife was dead, for it was she. and commenced to reproach Godfrey, but re- It was developed that .she was a victim to the solvedlo let Eppie choose. Of course she chose THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC, S1^

to remain with Silas and marry Aaron Winthrop. alarm.. . . , The rude niind with difficulty associates Godfrey seeing his last chance to make repara­ the ideas of power and benignity." tion had failed, thought that the least he might The story seems to close before it is finished, do was to give them a few acres of land and but I do not think that this can be called a fault. cultivate it for a garden. This was an accept­ I have been, unable to find out what, circum­ able wedding present to Aaron and Eppie, who stances led George Eliot to write Silas Marner,. now live happily with Silas Marner in the cot­ or what things might have been brought to tage in the stone pits at Raveloe. So ends the influence her. Although I have read the book story of Silas Marner. a number of times, I have no opinion to express The characters are all well delineated, espe­ upon it, but I wish only to say that it impressed cially those of Silas Marner and Eppie. The me as appealing strongly to the sympathies author describes him as "simply a pallid young and giving a realistic view of the sadder part man, with prominent, short-sighted, brown eyes.'' of life. G. T. WEITZEL, '92. She shows how one little misguided act changes the whole course of his life, hardens him against the world, and makes him think of nothing but The Songs My Mother Sung. his gold. -Again being, by a strange circum­ "Angelus Domininuntiavit Maria" stance, brought in connection with a helpless St. Mark sets the peal for an hundred chimes being, the one spark of affection and love within dear; "Angelus Domini nimtiavit MaricE-" his breast was kindled into a flame. He who Thus the low prayer of my swarth gondolier. had thought the world contained no example of sincere friendship was now devoting his life The purple curtains of the west to the happiness of a friendless waif. Have almost hid the sunset's fire. Which flaming Venice-ward a crest. I do not claim to be a very able critic, but Lights softly dome and cross and spire. after having carefully studied Silas Marner, I Deep lie the shadows in lagoons Far as Chiowgia's sails and reeds; fail to see why the conversation between the The air with landward perfume swoons; villagers at the Rainbow was introduced into My oarsman bows and counts his beads. the story. It occurs just before Marner tells Our craft rides silent on the stream; And, floating thus, I idly dream. them that he has been robbed, but it bears no relation at all to other parts of the plot. The And dream? Ah, fair queen of the sea. conversation in question is very long and is Not all thy witchings can enthrall And fold the wings of memory! void of any especial interest. A thousand leagues one tone can call, But to return to the author's strong points A thousand leagues one picture bring In fadeless form and scene to me; which are numerous and completely offset the And though thy Angelus thrilling ring few weak points. She gives a strong descrip­ Out o'er the Adriatic Sea, I hear, through all its rythmics rung, tion, and in one part of the story you can almost • Those dear old songs my mother sung- see the child warm its hands. I refer to the O angelus-hour to heart and soul, part in which the writer says: O angelus-hour of peace and calm. " The little one, accustomed to be left to itself for long When o'er the farm the evening stole. hours without notice from its mother, squatted down on Enfolding all in summer balm! Without, the scents of fields—the musk the sack, and spread its tiny hands towards the blaze, in Of hedge, of corn, of winnowed hay— perfect contentment, gurgling and making many inartic­ The subtle attars of the dusk; ulate communications to the cheerful fire, like a new- And glow-worms like some milky way; hatched gosling beginning to find itself comfortable." Within, as from an angel's tongue. Those dear old songs my mother sung- One reason for the popularity of George Eliot's works is that she rarely, if ever, uses foreign " From every stormy wind that blows; Softly now the light of day; phrases, but instead she uses really excellent Thou hidden source of calm repose; English. Another reason is her originality. No I love to steal awhile away; My days are gliding swiftly by; works of any other author abound in so many Depths of mercy can there be; expressions which show deep and original ob­ Jesus look with pitying eye; Rock of ages cleft for me; servation: Saviour, on me thy grace bestow; " Our consciousness rarely registers the beginning of a Praise God from whom all blessings flow!" growth within us any more than without us: there have been many circulations of the sap before we detect the " Ans^elus Domini nuntiavit Maria!" smallest sign of the bud .... The sense of security §weet were the echoes that fell on the ear; more frequently.springs from habit than from conviction, " Angelus Domini nuntiavit Maria!" and for this reason it often subsists after such a change I worshipped betimes w^ith rny swarth gondolier in the conditions as might have been expected to suggest —Edgar L. Wakeman, in Cfiatauquan, 57^ THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

contrition, faith, hope, love and desire. After receiving, all returned to their places, with countenances beaming with holy joy, to give thanks for the great happiness they enjoyed. J3utilisl]rt! rucrg ;5aturl!aD Bunng ULtxm Cimr at N. D. BnitirrBttg. At the close of Mass, the organ, bells. Cornet Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Notre Dame, In'd, Band, and at least fifteen hundred voices, young Notre Dame. May 17, 1890. and old, gave expression to the soul-stirring Te Deum. At Vespers, after an eloquent ad­ Staff. dress by Rev. Father Hudson, the young com­ municants renewed their baptismal vows. J. W. CAVANAUGH, 'QO, H. P. BRELSFORD, '91, J. B. SULLIVAN, '91, J. E. H. PARADTS, '90, C. T. CAVANAGH, '91, An American Litterateur.* F. C. LONG, '90, JOSEPH E. BERRY, '91, W. MORRISON, '90. I had come with a letter of introduction to Dr. Maurice Francis Egan, Professor of Belles- —^The day pa7' excellence in the calendar of Lettres at the University, and I lost no time in college festivals is the one set apart for the First making my way to his residence. "The Lilacs," Communion. The great Napoleon, when asked as the charming cottage is prettily named, stands what day he considered the happiest of his life, on the outskirts of the town. This is not the promptly replied: "The day I made my First place to express, even could I command words Communion." And certainly it is the greatest to do so adequately, the Celtic enthusiasm of and happiest day in the career of a Christian. my reception, and the refined tact with Which For this reason the occasion is celebrated at it was insinuated, that some of it was called Notre Dame with all possible solemnity. forth by my own personal merits. Enough to After months of thorough preparation and a say, I found myself at home in quite a short well-conducted retreat of three days, the young time, and could study at my leisure the most communicants of this year, to the number of cultivated representative of Catholic literature twenty, assembled in the University parlors in America. In appearance, Maurice Egan— on the morning of the Feast of the Ascension. out of respect for form, I generally addressed They were met by the President of the University, him as Professor, but I shall drop it here, as to clergy of the Faculty, and sanctuary acolytes our readers it would only serve to conceal the in cassocks of black, purple or cardinal red and many-sided, sensitive, open-hearted nature of white lace surplices. Emerging two by two from the poet and novelist—Maurice Egan, I was the parlors, they were joined in the grand saying, is a true type of the litterateur, a shade corridor by the members of the Archconfrater- below the average height, with the delicate nity of Our Lad}^ in full regalia, members of the physique which usually accompanies a highly- Cornet Band, and upwards of five hundred stu­ strung nervous temperament, the fine rounded dents, with banners or lighted tapers. The forehead which bespeaks the poet, and tremu­ procession, headed b)'^ thurifer, cross and torch lous, mobile lips that show now and then as bearers, advanced down the College steps round he talks, under his trimly kept mustaches. He the patieirt toward the church, to the strains of spoke, too, with a delicious sense of freedom, a sacred march rendered by the Cornet Band, and an unaffected frankness, which I found very while the chime of twenty-three bells sent forth charming, of books, of our common friends, of its most joyful peals, and the solemn booming the Catholic prospects in the States, of any­ of the mammoth bell sent a thrill through the thing and everything, always with wit and intel­ hearts.of all. When the procession entered the ligence, and the smile of a good-natured cyni­ church, the grand organ, with its thousand tubes, cism in his restless blue eyes. took up the strains of the march, and sent the Maurice Egan has done much and sacrificed notes reverberating in swelling tones around much for the cause of Catholic literature. He the pillars, down the aisles, through transept has proved in his own person that the highest and niche, into dome and vault, until the very culture and the subtlest refinement are not an­ atmosphere seemed impregnated with heavenly tagonistic to, but, on the contrary, aided by a harmony. Solemn Mass was celebrated by the firm adhesion to and a conscientious practice Rev. President of the University, assisted by Fa­ of the principles of the Catholic faith. And for thers Morrissey and Zubowicz as deacon and this Catholics have reason to be grateful to as subdeacon. At the Offertory the communicants well as proud of him. We often hear the charge advanced to the altar and deposited in the hands made that Catholics are intolerant and narrow- of the celebrant the written form of the good minded in their appreciation of modes of resolutions they had taken to lead a life in thought and forms of literature dissimilar to accordance with the Gospel. The solemn mo­ their own. The charge has here at least no ment having arrived when they were to receive justification. I am not to be understood as the Body of their Lord for the first time, all counselling any indiscriminate acceptance of ascended the altar steps, and in unison repeated distinctly and devoutly the words of the acts of ' * From an article in the Dublin Lycctmi for May. THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 573 all the theories floating about in these modern cate perception and expression of the under­ days, but it is stagnation and death not to be current of pathos which is never far removed able to analyse and isolate their merits, and in life from youth and beauty: thus take advantage of error. The world is pro­ "He heard a maiden singing in a wood. gressive, and out of its evil cometh a good He saw the wild vines kiss her as she stood which suits the time, so that we must be up and With face upturned to note their wavy grace. doing to profit by the works of our enemies as " There was no note of sadness in her song. well as by our own. This is what makes And yet his thoughts were saddened, as along Maurice F. Egan's position at once so distin­ The woodland path she went, 'mid tender leaves. guished and so commanding. He has brought "' To-day's a dream, to-morrow's real,' he said; to the study of literature a refined and cultured ' For life's a dream, thejwakened ones are dead; critical instinct, a taste at once broad and un­ She sings a lullaby for all her race.' erring, and joined to these the intense convic­ "And death is real, for life is but to-day; tion that nothing in art or literature is great To-morrow's death, to-day will pass away. except in so far as it is in accordance with truth. And hold, for green and sunlit faded leaves." As he beautifully expresses it himself in a son­ net on "Fra Angelico": Poetry of this kind deserves to be better known. It would serve as an antidote to much " Art is true art when art to God is true, of the morbid verse—of the Rossetti and Swin­ And only then; to copy Nature's work burne school—which is so fashionable just now. Without the chains that run the whole world through, With these poets love is a kind of. "feverish Gives us the eye without the lights that lurk famine in the veins"—an earthly goddess bring­ In its clear depths: no soul, no truth is there." ing desolation in her footprints. Compare this This spirit permeates all our author's work. conception with the Christian ideal so well Some critics insinuate that it limits and weakens worded in the following lines: it, but I cannot share that opinion. I believe, " If we love God, we know what loving is: on the contrary, that the work owes two of its For love is God's: He sent it to the earth. Half human, half divine, all glorious— highest characteristics—namely, sincerity, and Half human, half divine, but wholly His; strength, to the presence of this undercurrent Not loving God, we know not true love's worth. of strong feeling. Although he has only pub­ We taste not the great gifts He gave to us." lished one thin volume of poetry, "Preludes," " This exquisite and rare talent," says a critic Maurice Egan is, to my thinking, primarily a of Mr. Egan's work in the Magazine of Poetry, poet. His delicate and refined criticism, and "has been recognized by Longfellow, Cardinal his stories, full of a true and ennobling realism Newman, Stedman, Gilder, and a host of critics as they are, do not, it seems to me, impress the both here and in England, and yet he publishes reader with such a sense of inevitableness as about on an average one sonnet a year!" But his poems. Moreover, the careful reader can if he so rarely visits the realms of song it is not, see that if they are only "Preludes" in name— as I have intimated, from any failing or power, if no fuller music has succeeded these spring­ but from a conscientious belief that his wide time lyrics—it is not from any lack of power influence is used to more advantage in other and inspiration on the author's part. The writer and more prosaic fields. From the drudgery of the following sonnet, with its superb.sestet, indispensable to an editor's and professor's life. has surely been largely gifted with the divine Dr. Egan can spare but little time to cultivate instincts of the poet: his rare and charming gifts of song. " MAURICE DE GUERIN. In his "Talks About New Books," which were " The old wine filled him, and he saw with eyes the standing attraction of the Catholic World. Anoint of Nature's fauns and dryads fair. for some years, our author displays a critical Unseen by*others; to him maiden-hair. faculty of a very high order indeed; and I could And waxen lilies and those birds that rise A-sudden from tall reeds at slight surprise, wish for no better guide to recent light literature Brought charmed thoughts; and in earth every­ to put into the hands of those girls who devote where so much time to the reading of fiction than He, like sad Jacques, found unheard music rare. "Modern Novels and Novelists," which has al­ As that of Syrinx to old Grecians wise. ready reached a second edition in the United "A pagan heart, a Christian soul had he, States. While it is written from a Catholic stand-. He followed Christ, yet for dead Pan he sighed, point, it has nothing of the narrowness which Till earth and heaven met within his breast; often accompanies criticism of the kind. The As if Theocritus in Sicily If ad come upon the Figure crucified. following keen appreciation of Meredith illus­ And lost his gods in deep, Christ-given rest." trates what I mean: The three last lines are almost worthy to com­ " Mr. George Meredith is not a realist. He doesnot take crude material simply because it is at hand, and make use pare, for intense artistic feeling and that elusive of it on the theory that one thing is as good as another to quality which accompanies the touch of genius, write about. He may be said to belong to the psychological with the matchless ending of Keats' sonnet, school of fiction. He has the keenness of Mr. James "On looking into Chapman's Homer." And or Mr. Howell, but he does not waste his powers of analy­ sis on petty sensations. His English is Saxon and solid, the book is full of such work. Take the lyric with waving lights of Celtic wit playing over it. Mr. entitled " Faded Leaves," and notice the deli­ Meredith's novels are caviare to the general, because his 574 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. strength lies in his style rather than in his fable. The cians and composers in the States, led the people he describes are of the class in which Mr. Anthony TroUope delighted, but they have thoughts and aspira­ orchestra in a very skilful manner. The instru­ tions beyond any Mr. Trollope ever credited them with. mentation was too weak for the mass chorus, as It must be admitted that, clever and keen as Mr. Meredith well as for so large a hall densely packed and is, his people interest lis less than his manner of telling defective in acoustic properties. The solos by about them. He is a scholar and possessed of a style which flashes with as many jewel-like points as an essay the lady artists were in splendid method, enun­ of Montaigue's." ciation and inflection. The male bass, baritone And so on. " Modern Novels and Novelists" and tenor soloists, with the exception of a little is brimful of such passages. Even more mature huskiness and faltering, showed great power in and sustained are the essays on "Lectures on their upper and lower registers. The grandeur" English Literature." They include papers on of so many voices blended in harmonious meas­ Tennyson, Chaucer, the dramas of Aubrey de ure, rising, swelling and falling according to the Vere, Literature as a factor in Life, the real spirit of the theme, seemed an echo of that full meaning of ^Esthetics, and others. The style tide of celestial harmony which ever flows from is light and pleasant, and many of the essays the full choir of the blessed and the harps of the are models of good criticism. Another volume seraphim. is just now going through the press, and is sure It is forty-one years since the North American of a ver}'- favorable reception. Singers' Union was established. It has grown Dr. Egan has never, it seems to me, done him­ every year by the addition of new local societies self justice in fiction. There is too much effort until it numbers to-day several thousand sing­ to get out the story (and occasionally the moral) ers. This harmonious song of male voices owes at all risks without a corresponding attention its origin to the old Church choirs. It was to the manner of telling it. I have hopes that secularized by Michael Hayden, brother of the with increased leisure from less congenial la­ pious and talented Joseph Hayden and organist bors he will produce a work of fiction alike worthy of the Salzburg cathedral. In 1788 he published of his reputation and of American Catholic lit­ the first" male quartettes with accompaniment." erature. As I write he is criticising some trifles In the beginning of the present century, local of my own, and I look up as he speaks and singing associations of four-voiced male choirs think how little, after all, of his charming per­ were formed, which by their patriotic and leg­ sonality he has expressed in his writings. endary songs helped to preserve the memory of the greatness of Fatherland. In 1845, ^^e • first national song festival was held in Germany; A Traveller's Musings. ; and in 1862 the great German Saengerbund was established at Coburg. IV. ' If for no other reason than that of the culti­ Interspersed with the musical program of vation of the higher order of song and music the first night were reception speeches by the among us, we owe a deep debt of gratitude wooden-legged but silver-tongued and level­ • to the German people. We need the noble headed governor of the State, Francis T. Nich- ; power of song to raise us above the dust and olls, and the mayor of the city, the Hon. Jos. A. turmoil of this material, common-place world Shakspeare,the presentation of a national union to higher and more ethereal regions of feeling, banner, the decoration of the various flags and \ thought and sentiment. A certain poet well banners of the Saengerbund societies by groups remarked: "Let me make the songs of the na­ of young ladies of the city. Chorus selections tion, and I care not who makes its laws." Music and" solos were splendidly rendered from the is the universal language of the affections. In old masters such as Mozart, Beethoven, Men­ its earthly and crude form it is but an imperfect delssohn, Handel, Von Weber, Flotow, as well reflex or feeble echo of the mysterious harmony as from modern or contemporaneous coinpos- which moves the spheres and fills the mansions ers as Wagner, Liszt, Mohr, Bach, Max Bruch, of the blessed. Brahms, Schumann and Gounod. "There's not the smallest orb, which thou behold'st. Tens of thousands had come from all sections But in his motion like an angel sipgs. of the Union to this musical festival—this7^/5 Still quiring to the young-ey'd cherubins." ceol, as the Celts call it—and they were not dis­ Well does Dryden \yrite of old Timotheus and appointed, if we may judge from the enthusiasm the divine Cecilia: and hearty applause which the mass-choral, "He raised a mortal to the skies; choral, orchestral, and solo performances re­ She drew an angel down." peatedly evoked, or from such warm exclama­ German music reflects the deep and solid tions as grossartig! ausgezeichnet! wundershon! character of the race. It is in the realms of There were 64 bands or musical societies song what the Gothic style is to architecture. present besides the Orpheon Fran9ais, the great It strives to raise men's thoughts to higher French Choral club of New Orleans. The mass planes of existence. It has proved a corrective choruses were ably conducted by J, Hanno of the extravagant cabaletta di bravura and aria Deiler, Professor of the German language and —the sensuous, florid and ballad-like music', the literature at the Tulane University, N. O. Chris- frivolezza of more ,sunny climes. While not toph Zach, of Milwaukee, one of the best musi­ neglecting musical organism, it gives a dramatic THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. 575

or scenic character to musical composition—an blasts of infidelity. They have been in word essential canon of the heavenly art. As ama­ and deed the foremost opponents of the world-' teurs, we may think its dramatic vigor has run blighting French infidel theory of a godless or to extremes in the music of the fiitiire represented purely secular education. They are the cham­ by the mighty genius of Wagner. In fact, ignor­ pions of that educational system which gave ant connoisseurs, like your humble scribbler, us the founders of our Republic, and which-the would apply to Wagner the saying of Fichte great Father of our Country himself emphati­ in regard to his system of philosophy, namely, cally endorsed in writing, that morality is the but two persons understood it, himself and one foundation of true liberty, and that-morality of his pupils, and even their metaphysical knowl­ needs religion as the basis of its existence. edge was very nebulous. In his early efforts such While the young men and women of niany as "Lohengrin," "Tannhauser" or the " Meister- other nationalities quit the country for the 'singer," in which the great composer retains the glamour of city life, the sturdy Teuton is always principles of musical organism or melody, he ready to pay a big price for farm lands. Cowper will ever be the more acceptable and popular. writes wisely: Sandy would certainly apply to his later com­ " God made the country and man made the town. positions the famous definition of Scotch meta­ What wonder then that health and virtue, gifts physics: "When ye dinna ken wha' ye say, and That can alone make sweet the bitter draught That life holds out to all, should most abound naebody else kens mair of your meaning than And least be threatened in the fields and groves." ye." According to the judgment of common mortals. Van Biilow was surely right when he as­ The question of prohibition or total abstinence serted that a composer cannot possibly be mu­ being left aside, there is no doubt the followers sical enough. Melody is the soul of music;, dra­ of Gambrinus have conferred a benefit on the matic or scenic expression, its body; both com­ nation by introducing the foaming beverage of bined form the most perfect lyric drama. Our "brown barley wine," which has gone far in German fellow-citizens, by their Gesangvereine supplanting the fiery, brain-robbing draughts of and Saengerbund, are working the miracles ibold John Barleycorn. And in their love of attributed of old to the golden lyre of Orpheus. • open air and sunshine, of music and social They draw after them not trees or rocks or beasts, • gathering, the Germans have done much, and but railway trains laden with thousands of men ' are doing more, to counteract among us the and women who leave home and business to ' dreadful nerve-destroying tention and ^ worry listen to the dulcet strains of the master singers . resulting from the struggle for existence, and of the human race. They build up cities by •- the race for wealth. In the revolution of cent- the inflow of dollars which their musical con­ \ uries, the Germans have preserved the sterling quests direct thither. ; virtues attributed to them in the beginning of the Christian era by the Rorhan historian, Tacitus. But this is not a tithe of the reasons which ' ' S. - bring uf^ into the debt of our Teutonic brethren. (TO BE CONTINUED.) They are conferring on our nation far more substantial benefits than in aiding us to culti­ vate the fine arts. They form one of .the grand Exchanges. factors of our American civilization and char­ acter. They are a corrective for the mercurial —The Michigan Argonaut is urging the forma­ temper of the Celt, the coldness or selfishness of tion of a boat club at Ann Arbor University. the Saxon, the perpetual motion, or all-work —^The juvenile Dial, though still in short and no-play of the Yankee, t\\t post Jiimmios vir­ trousers, is an exceedingly handsome and sturdy tus of the ol -n)l

cation" is an interesting treatment of a hack­ —Mr. Thomas Nester, of Detroit, died at neyed theme. Baraga, Mich., on the 12th inst. He was the —In the current North Carolina University Mag- father of John and Frank Nester, who were azbie the " Grandfather's Tales of North Caro­ students of the University a few years ago. He lina History" are continued, and the latest had many friends at Notre Dame, all of whom instalment is fully as interesting as the preced- extend their heartfelt sympathy to the bereaved family and relatives. May he rest in peace! mg one.s. —Among our exchanges is The Stiidejits jfotir- —xA.ll at Notre Dame deeply sympathize with ;/«/devoted to Graham's standard phonography. Mr. George E. Clarke, '84, of South Bend, in It is not only an excellent publication, but also thegreat affliction that has befallen him through has the distinction of being the oldest phono­ the death of his wife who departed this life on graphic journal in America. the 14th inst. The deceased was an estimable —The Earlhamite for May presents its usually andgiftedlady, universally beloved in our neigh­ excellent table of contents. Perhaps the best boring city, where the sad news of her demise things are a well-written review of William caused widespread sorrow. May she rest in Morres's "The House of Wolfings," and a poem peace! of considerable merit entitled " Reverie." —The students of the College of the' Sacred Heart, Denver, recently produced a religious Local Items. drama in the Tabor Grand Opera House of that —Championship! city. The play was ent-itled " Elma," and, judg­ ing from the tone of the Denver press, was very —A game is looked for on Tuesday. creditably rendered. —One week more for your essays, boys. •—The daily papers announce that S. W. —The Juniors will run opposition, they say. Naylor, of Washburn College, is the winner of —The Junior Base-ball Banquet is next on the the Inter-State Oratorical Contest. His subject list. was "The Puritan and the Cavalier." The SCHO­ —Will somebody be so kind as to grease the LASTIC extends congratulations to Mr. Naylor, windmill? who, by the way, is the business manager of the —Tinsley has exactly 379 specimens including Washburn Argo. the original, —^The "Blues" wanted that game published in book form. Personal. —^The soil on the Juniors' campus is not pro­ —Rev. William Maher, D. D., of the Cathe­ ductive of hay-seed. dral, Hartford, Conn., and Secretary and Chan­ —"Tips on Sprinting," by "Hal," will appear cellor of the diocese, was a welcome visitor to about May 24, it is said. the College on Monday last. He called to see —It is said that the Philodemics have some­ his cousin, the Rev. T. Maher, C. S. C. thing special on hand for to-night. —Among the welcome visitors during the —Bro. E. reports the leather trade exceed­ week was the Rev. N. S. Mooney, '74, of the ingly brisk, especially among the Juniors? Cathedral, Chicago. He was warmly greeted —Have you seen those multi-colored caps? by many old friends, all of whom hope that he They are rather odd, but exceedingly pretty. will find time to repeat his visit to Ahna Mater. —^That "rec" was well deserved last Tuesday. "Fitz" and "J. B." did noble work for the cause. —It is no longer safe to h^.ve chair cushions. RESOLUTIONS OF THE STUDENTS OF NOTRE DAME The B. B. fiends convert them all into catching ON THE DEATH OF ELLSWORTH C. HUGHES. gloves. WHEREAS, It has pleased Divine Providence in His —Frank is busy reading "The Athlete's Com­ Infinite Wisdom to remove from among us one of our panion, or How to Train Scientifically." Look most beloved companions and one of the most promising out, Ann Arbor! students of the University, and WHEREAS, We deeply deplore the loss of him whom we —The Seminarians defeated the Apprentices had learned to esteem for many amiable qualities as well on the nth by 15 to 12, Batteries: Houlihan as for his brilliant talents; Therefore, be it and Corbett, Hyland and Just. RESOLVED, That we offer to his afflicted relatives and family our heartfelt sympathy; while we remind them —Lovers of the "exhilarating skive" have that their loss and ours is the loved one's eternal gain, noticed, perhaps, that the "old stile" has gone and be it further out and the "new stile" has come in. RESOLVED, That a copy of these resolutions be printed in th; SCHOLASTIC, and in the Denver daily papers and —The St. Cecilia Philomathean Association also that a copy be sent to the bereaved family. met in regular session Wednesday evening last; ED. C. PRUDHOMME, 1 no special business was transacted. H. P. BRELSFORD, 1 —Those interested will do well to remember J.L.HEPBURN, ZI1\Committee. that the Junior base-ball banquet will take place G. H. MEEHAN, ^. I W.P.MCPHEE, J on Thursday afternoon, May 29. Tickets may THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC. S11 be procured at the " Box office," or of any mem­ to the point, and quoted statistics. J. Rebillo^ ber of the association for fifty cents. followed on the affirmative with a speech worthy —When we gather in the beautiful church of the occasion, and his appropriate remarks every Sunday, it is withjoyful reverence we listen evoked applause. The chair,after makingsome to the grand Masses and magnificent Vespers. happy allusions on the arguments, decided in It is indeed grand, good music, for it raises us favor of the negative. above things earthly, and makes us better for —The regular meeting of the Philodemics having heard it. was held Saturday, May lo, Mr. H. P. Brelsford —The lawn in front of the University is now, in the chair. The programme for the evening under the direction of Bro. Bonaventure, being was not very extensive, most of the time being put in fine condition. For years, the beauties of taken up in preparation for the 17th. Mr. Berry the lawn have been the industrious Brother's rendered a declamation, after which a debate— pride, and from present indications we should "Resolved, That a classical education is more say that it will be nicer than ever this year. beneficial than a scientific"—was participated —The Professor may be out of practice and in by Messrs. J. Doherty and J. Delany on the all that, but he makes a very good umpire. affirmative; while Messrs. W. O'Brien and N. When four men had been disabled and three Sinnott supported the negative. The decision others badly hurt, the two remaining players was rendered in favor of the latter. Following seemed to like his decisions wonderfully well. the debate, the Rev. Director addressed a few Here, as elsewhere, "first impressions "are every­ remarks to the society, congratulating it upon thing. its work during the scholastic year, and hoping —The "Invincibles" are startling the Junior that the exercises of May 17 would surpass all base-ball world. They recently defeated the expectations. Minim 2d nine anti-special, after a hard-fought —In a recent hunting excursion in the wild contest of three innings. They tackled the woods near St. Joseph's Farm, a little incident Junior 2d nine Wednesday afternoon, but met happened which will, perhaps, bear description. a woeful Waterloo. "Zeke's" catching and It seems that two of the party, who are promi­ Joe's coaching attracted no little favorable no­ nent in military and football circles, had chosen tice. a particular spot in which they intended to —In a private letter recently received here hunt (?). It was a beautiful location, and after Mr. Augustin Daly regrets that he cannot make having discharged several dozen cartridges, his contemplated visit to Notre Dame this riddled a large oak tree, and otherwise amused spring. This is a matter of regret, not only to themselves; they were suddenly surprised by a the immediate friends of the distinguished dram­ drove of oxen which seemed to have a prioi* right atist, but as well to the whole student body, to the property. The bovines held a hurried as Mr. Daly had in view a private production council of war and charged upon the surprised at the University of Prof. M. F. Egan's play hunters. The gentlemen had no more cartridges, "Le Pater" in honor of the author. Mr. Daly, but made a valiant defense. One .of them however, promises to carry out his plan next aimed his gun at the intruders, and in a stern year. voice ordered them to halt. They refused to —^Through the kindness of the prefects, the do so, however, and the football enthusiasts Juniors enjoyed quite a treat last Tuesday after­ were forced to—but the reader can imagine the noon, after an unusually hot game of football. rest. It is of no particular interest, but it ex­ The refreshments were not passed around ac­ plains why "Frank" hates the sight of a cow, cording to the latest rules of etiquette, but were and "Ed" always changes the subject when nevertheless thoroughly enjoyed. The football "that hunt" is mentioned. game was participated in by every member of —^We understand that there is to be a decided the department; Captains Hannin and Covert improvement in the way of adding new scenery of the " South " and " North," respectively, urged and other accessories to the stage in Washing­ their men on to victory; but after half an hour's ton Hall; and that it is intended to have all in hard play, the game was called with no goals readiness for the admiration of the visitors at won on either side. The Juniors enjoyed an ex­ Commencement, when a grand production will tra hour's sleep Wednesday morning, for which be given. It has even been hinted that nature's they are very grateful. mantle of green will be represented by appro­ —A meeting of the Columbian Society was priately colored carpeting. This is indeed most held on Tuesday evening last. Humorous sel­ welcome information, and we look forward with ections were read by Messrs. Benz, Lair and pleasure to seeing the realization of a much- L. Sanford. The debate, "Resolved, That the needed improvement. The academy avenue, the sale of liquor should be'jprohibited in Indiana," waterfall and bridge scene and others give evi­ was opened on the affirmative side by A. Ahl- dence of what the skilful brush of Prof. Acker- richs. This was his first effort, and it was suc­ man is capable of'accomplishing in the line of cessful. He was argumentative, philosophical, scenic art; and on the new ones at which he is and rhetorical, but lacked a little in delivery. working he promises to outdo all of his former Mr. Allan opened on the negative. He kept artistic efforts. We feel assured that, at future 578 THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC,

entertainments, while deep tragedies are being Hesse, R. Healy, Halthusen, Heller, Hoerr, Higgle, Ja­ enacted before us, our imagination will not be cobs, Kearney, Keough, Kehoe, Kutsche, J. Leonard, Lenard, Lowenstein, Lorie, Murphy, Maurus,-Maher, D. subjected to such a severe strain as is involved Monarch, L. Monarch, Mitchell, Mier, A. McPhillips, Jas. in converting bare boards into green sward, or McPhillips, Jos. McPhilips, F. McDonnell, F. McKee, a modern street scene into the Roman forum. McLeod, Mclvers, F. Neef, A. Neef, O'Brien, O'Rourke, It detracts from the enjoyment. It is to be hoped O'Mara, O'Neill, Palmer, Prichard, Quinlan, Quill, Roper, Rowsey, F. Schillo, C. Schillo, Scott, Seerey, Scherrer, that we have not been misinformed. Smith, Treff, Thorn, Tivnen, Welch, Weitzel, Ward, T. —In accordance with a time-honored custom, \Vhalen, E.Whalen, Wolff, Wertheimer, White, Young, the Minim first' nine recently played a game Zinn. with a picked team from Sorin Hall. The game MINIM DEPARTMENT. Masters Adler, Ayres, Ball, O. Brown, F. Brown, Blake, was interesting throughout, and before many Burns, Barbour, Bronning, Bixby, Cornell, Crandall, C. innings had passed, the young ball-tossers had Connor; W. Connor, Covert, A. Crawford, Crane, Croke, everything their ow^ way. Girardin and Rob­ Coon, Durand, Drant, Elkin, Ezekiel, W. Finnerty, T. Finnerty, Fischer, Frankel, Falvey, Fuller, W. Furthman, erts, as a battery, played an excellent game, Funke, Flynn, Girardin, Greene, Gilbert, D. Gilkison, A. and Barbour and Hamilton handled the ball in Gilkison, Grant, J. Griggs, C. Griggs, Girsch, Henneberrj-^, great style, the latter being a wonder on short Hill, Hoffman, Hamilton, Hendry, Holbrook, Jonquet, stop. For the Sorin Hall crowd, Larkin, by all Krollman, Keeler, King, Kuehl, Kern, Klaner, Lonergan, Londoner, Lonnsberry, H. Lamberton, C. Lamberton, odds, put up the most remarkable game; Garfias Levi, Loonie, Loomis, Maternes, Marr, Mattas, H. Mest­ made a reputation by catching two or three flies; ling, E. Mestling, McGuire, McPhee, McPhillips, Marre, Brahnick hit the ball hard and enjoyed many B. Morrison, W. Mosier, C. Nichols, D. Oatman, C. Paul, a little nap in the field; Barrett was quiet, but C. Packard, J. Packard, Roberts, Ryan, Stone, G. Scher­ managed to make two or three errors; the only rer, W. Scherrer, Stephens, Swan, Thornton, Trujillo, Vorhang, Vandercook, Washburne, Wilcox, Wever, Wil­ way to account for Sullivan's playing is to pre­ son, Weber, Wolf, C. Zoehrlaut, G. Zoehrlaut, Zeigler. sume that he thought he was playing football; * Omitted by mistake last week. Blackman was the. only player who sustained his reputation; Flynn stood on first base and ad­ mired his shape, having vowed before the game Class Honors. not to touch the ball under any consideration; Chute was the "catcher," but that is a misno­ COLLEGIATE COURSE. Messrs. Paquette, Berry, Adelsperger, H. O'Neill, J. mer, as Freddy did his best to let everything Fitzgibbon, B. Bachrach, Herman, Cassin, Paradis, J. get by him. Late in the evening the vanquished King, Blessington, Sinnott, F. Vurpillat, J. Delany, A. ones departed, praising the-Minims, and thank­ Larkin, W. Larkin, O'Shea, W. O'Brien, Hummer, Mc- ing Bro. Cajetan for the hospitable treatment Williams, McPhee, Reynolds, Garfias, Hagerty, Hughes, Lane, McKeon, L. Chute, F. Chute, Brelsford, McKee, they had received at his hands. The following H. Jewett, Hackett, Fehr, Campbell, Morrison, F. Kelly^ is the C. Cavanaugh, Barrett, Ahlrichs, F. Prichard, Roberts, SCORE BY INNINGS:—i 234567S9 L. Davis, H. Prichard, Burger, Hoover, J. Burns, Black- MINIMS:—6 6 i 3 4 6 o i 4=31 man, Rothert, Brannick, Long, T. Coady, P. Coady, E. SORIN Hall:—O 1026032 4=18 Prudhomme, Meehan, Tivnen, Hepburn, A. Leonard, L. Hits: Minims, 11; Sorin Hall, 5. Errors: Minims, 4: Scherrer, McConlogue, Hempler, Dougherty, Quinlan, F. Sorin Hall, 12. Neef, Maurus, P. Murphy, J. Brady, J. Fitzgerald, Keough, ^ • •• Wile, Boyd, R. Healy, Weitzel, C. Scherrer, Hannin, Otis, Gough, C. Fitzgerald, I bold. Roll of Honor. •*•»• SENIOR DEPARTMENT. List of Excellence. Messrs. Adelsperger, Ahlrichs, Allen, Bovett, Burns, H. Brannick, Barrett, Benz, Brelsford, Blackman, Cas- sin, Cassidy, G. Cooke, C. Cavanagh, L. Chute, F. Chute, COLLEGIATE COURSE. T. Coad}', P. Coady, J. Cavanagh, Dillon, Dacy, Dennis, Moral Philosophy—Messrs. W. Larkin, Adelsperger, Davis, Dyer, Jas. Dougherty Daniels, F. Flynn, P. Flem­ Paradis, Hummer; Zo^zV—Messrs. A. Larkin, Paquette, ing,* Fehr, I. Flynn, Garfias, Gibbons, Gough, Grothaus, L. Scherrer; Latin—Messrs. W. Lalkin, Just, Cavanagh, Houlihan, Herman, Hummer, Hempler, Hoover, Hayes, Sinnott, .W. Houlihan, Crumley, Wile, Santen, Clark, Hepburn, Huber, jewett, J. A. Johnson, Karasynski, J. Boyd, O'Shea; Astronomy—Messrs. Garfias, W. Larkin; King, Krembs, J. Kelly, Kunart, Kehoe, Lesner, Langan, Mechanics—K. Larkin; Surveyincr—ls'i&'s.sx?,. Adelsper­ Lancaster, A. Larkin, W. Larkin, Lane, Lynch, Lahey, F. ger, J. Brady, P. Murphy; Civil Engineering—{Theory') Long, L. Long, Leonard, Latson, McKee, Mithen, McCon- Messrs. A. Larkin, Reynolds, [Execution) M. Reynolds; logue, Mackey, Morrison, Meehan, Murphy, J. Newman,* Geometry—?>. Hummer; Literary Criticism—Messrs. J. H. O'Neill, 0'Shea;W. O'Neill, Powers, Philhps, Paradis, Cavanagh, Paradis, Brelsford, C. Cavanagh; English Pyplacz, Portilla, H. Prichard, F. Prichard, Paquette, Literature—Messrs. Wile, Regan, Fitzgibbons, Rothert,. Prudhomme, Paris, Quigley, Rebillot, Rose, Rothert, J.. Crumley, Just, McKeon; English History—J. Clayton; Sinnott. C. Sanford, Steiger, Scherrer, D. J. Sullivan, Sey­ Modern Histojy—Messrs. Clayton, N. Sinnott; Greek— mour, Standard, O. Sullivan, Stanton, V. Vurpillat, F. Messrs. Hennessy, J.Fitzgerald, Hempler, M.-Lauth; Vurpillat, Wade, Wright, Youngerman, Zimmerman, German—Messrs. Weitzel, Bos, P. Coady, Maurus, Wolff, Kern. C. Zoehrlaut, Finnerty, F.^Brown, J. Flynn, G. Zoehrlaut, JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Gerlach, Ibold; Frerich—Messrs. F. Neef, Prudhomme, O'Rourke, Fitzgibbon, H. Bronson, P. Houlihan; Geom- Masters Adler, Aarons, E. Bates, B. Bates, J. Brady, etty—Messrs. Ahlrichs, D. Cartier, A. Flynn, Gough, T. T: M. Brady, T: T. Brady, W. Brady, Bruel, Blumenthal,. Hennessy; Algebra—^A. AKlrichs; Latin—Y.. Hand; Eng­ Bradley, Bos, Barger, Burke, Barclay,,Burns, Cfandall, lish History—Messrs. Ahlrichs, Fitzgibbon, Weitzel; Cudahy, Coll, J. Connors, Campbell, Collman, Collins, Modern History Messrs. Ahlrichs, Fitgibbon, A. Flynn; Cheney, Delany, Dempsey, Dorsey, Drumm, Elder,. J. Ancient History—Messrs. T. T. Brady, A. Flynn, Gal­ Fitzgerald, A. M. Funke, A. W. Funke, Gibert, Gerlach, lagher, Keough. ji: -Garrison, Girsch, Galen, Grund, Hambaugh, Hack, Hahn, THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC 579

flecked with soft rose tints. Each day the procession was followed by the Holy Sacrifice of the Mass at which all assisted, and, on the Feast of the Ascension, all approached the Holy One Mile West of Notre Dame Utiiversity. Table, to receive the Bread of Life.

—The Second Senior Chemistry class lately held an interesting competition; the leaders Elevation is Exposure. were the Misses Crane and M. Davis. —The book-keeping, shorthand and type-writ­ When about to ascend the Rockies or Alps, ing classes show a business-like application, tourists are cautioned to provide themselves with which promises much for their success. extra wraps; and though this injunction be com­ —" Prayer" was the subject of a practical and plied with, when they arrive at the mountain- interesting sermon given on Sunday last by the top, in many cases regret is experienced that Rev. Chaplain, Father Scherer, C. S. C. a more ample provision was not made. De­ —Now, that the weather permits open win­ dows, the young ladies practising elocution will ceived by the balmy air, the bright blooms and, turn their attention to the aspirate quality of verdure of the valley, they thought not of the voice. wintry blasts that now numb every nerve; and —Electrical experiments are engaging the beautiful as is the panorama spread out before attention of the Third Senior Philosophy class, them, they feel that even the pleasure of view­ some of whom declare they are having quite a ing the landscape from such a height scarcely "shocking" time. compensates for the difficulties of the ascent. —Deft fingers are busy in the fancy-work de­ This climbing is a striking illustration of the partment, and beautiful work is in progress there as well as in the art Studio; doubtless there wil manner in which eminence is attained in life. be a fine exhibit in June. See by what sacrifices the aspiring man reaches —The many friends of Mrs. S. Papin Haydell the summit of his ambition! Suppose his aim were pleased to see her at St. Mary's last week, is to scale political heights: as soon as his though her visit was a short one. Heartfelt purpose becomes known, he is made a target at good wishes are extended to her and her sister, which envy directs its envenomed shafts, and who lately became Mrs. W. Walker. clothed in an armor of steel must he indeed be —The Sunday evening distribution of good who reaches the goal in safety. From ordi­ points was presided, as usual, by Very Rev. Fa­ nary observation, we know that it is next to ther General, who is deeply interested in all that concerns the well-being of St. Mary's pupils. impossible for candidates whose records cannot Miss Crane recited "The Witch of Vesuvius," bear close inspection to obtain official prefer­ after which the meeting adjourned. ment; and as the contest progresses, the unlucky —Last week's visitors were G. C. Noble, Den­ aspirant for political honors well deserves sym­ ver, CoL; Miss M. L. Dailey, Walkerton, Ind.; pathy. All his acts are canvassed by the press, Miss W. Purduk, Bronaugh, Mo.; Miss N. John­ a criticism accompanying each notice, and sub­ son, Niles, Mich.; S. O'Brien, M. O'Brien, Men- jected almost to a microscopic scrutiny, they don, Mich.; Mr. and Mrs. J. F. Holcomb, Elkhart, are often magnified into crimes. So it is that Ind.; M. Doolin, San Francisco; Mrs. J. R. Hanla,Topeka, Kas.; Mrs. H. Chapman,Toledo, men of sensitive, refined natures, though well Ohio; Rev. P. Stiltz, Mrs. P. Coady, Pana, III; equipped for the race, shrink from the contest, Mrs. A. Redden, Chicago, 111. preferring the obscurer walks of life; while those —In a country where religious ceremonies of less worth, but more daring, mount to the are not carried out, except within the walls of loftiest places. Yet the latter, though holding a church, much of the solemnity and beauty of the coveted position, cannot even now flatter processions is lost. No such limitations existing themselves that a long period of enjoyment is at St. Mary's, the Litany of the Saints, pre­ scribed to be sung on the Rogation Days, rang before them. Too true is it that ere men re­ out on the clear morning air on the three days cover from the fatigue of scaling those Alpine preceding Ascension Thursday, when the Chil­ heights, especially of the political world, winds dren of Mary, the Community, Very Rev. Father of criticism, fierce and unceasing, assail them; General and Father Scherer moved in proces­ or others, on reaching the top, crowd them off sion towards the shrine of Our Lady of Peace. into the abyss below. The birds trilled their sweetest songs, and the air was redolent with the breath of the fruit How many examples history furnishes of the blossoms, which covered the trees in such pro­ truth of the words: "They who stand-high have fusion that the orchards, just touched by the many blasts to shake them, and when they fall, rising sun, seemed like 'fields of snowy clouds they dash theniselves to pieces." Even woman- 58o THE NOTRE DAME SCHOLASTIC.

hood gives no protection* to those who occupy 2D Div.—Misses L. Dolan, M. Jungblut, M. McPhee, E. Quealy. lofty station, in view of the fact that Mary Stuart, 4TH CLASS—Misses A. Ansbach, J. English, M. Hull, twice a queen, was forced to lay her royal head E. Nester, A. Regan. upon the executioner's block; and we shudder at 2D Div.—Misses M. Bates, T. Balch, E. Dempsey, M. Fitzpatrick, A. Gordon, E. Hale, E. Lewis, M. McHugh, the thought that the lovely Marie Antoinette, M. Otis, A. Penburthy, A. Ryan, M. Smyth, N. Wurzburg. on whose brow once rested the crown of France, 5TH CLASS—Misses D.Davis, G. Rentfrow, M. Reinhart, A. Thirds, L. Young. . ' was compelled to share the fate of Scotland's 2D Div.—Misses A. Adelsperger, R. Bero, E. Burns, ill-starred queen. Who, of the many that fol­ M. Churchill, L. Dreyer, C. Ernest, M. Fosdick.'M. Kelso, T. Kimmell, F. Marley, K. Ryan, G. Roberts, K. Sweeney. lowed to victory the banner of Joan of Arc, could - 6TH CLASS—Misses M. Coll, Mabel Davis, E. Davis, foresee her tragic fall? As he dwells on the E. Dennison, H. Hanson, A. Hammond, S. Hamilton, M. lessons of the past, the thoughtful person is Harmes, H. Hutchinson, E. Kasper, M. McCune, L. Mc­ Hugh, A. O'Mara, M. Patier, H. Pugsley, J. Patrick, E. forced to exclaim, elevation, whether in the lit­ Regan, L. Reeves, D. Spurgeon. eral or figurative sense, is indeed exposure! 2D Div.—Misses F. Ahlrichs, L. Bovett, M. Burns, F. Burdick, M. Byrnes, A. Cooper, I. Cooke, B. Davis, M. The towering cedar may command our admi­ Donahue, I. De Montcourt, C. Daly, E. Evoy, M. Hagus, ration; but by its very height, it courts the deadly Holt, C. Haight, S. Levy, K. McCarthy, Margaret Mc­ Hugh, Moore, K. Reilly, E. Schaefer, F. Soper, B. Wright. thunderbolt, and as it lies prostrate, the simple 7TH CLASS—Misses L. Black, R. Butler, M. Cochrane* wild flower blooms by its side. The traveller M. Cooper, G. Green,A. Lynch, F. Murison, S. McPhee, N. McGuire,L. Norris, A. O'Brien, F. Palmer, E. Philion, M. in the valley, with uplifted gaze, is spellbound Rinn, M. Rose, C. Ruger, A. Schrock, N. Schermerhorn, by the magnificence of the mountain's glittering M. Wagner, E. Wagner, K. Wood. summit; but reaching the top, he finds that the 2D DIV.—Misses L. Ernest, E. Meskill, G. Shirey, N. Smyth, J. Smyth, I. Waldron. tall, snow-crowned peaks prove to be barren 8TH CLASS—Misses M. Culp, M. Hickey, L. Holmes, K. spots, deep with snow and sleet where winds Hamilton, C. Kasper. gTH CLASS—Misses G. Crandall. M. Hamilton, L. Mest- are ruder and rougher than people are long ling. able to endure, and that the icy shield glitters lOTH CLASS—Misses M. Carlin, H. Eldred. only to those in the valley. HARP. 2D CLASS, 2D DIV.—Miss E. Nester. HELEN NACEY, 5TH CLASS—Miss M. McPhee. Second Senior Class. ORGAN. •* •»• 4TH CLASS—Miss E. Healy. 7TH CLASS—Misses M. Maher, M. Schermerhorn. Roll of Honor. VIOLIN. [For politeness, neatness, order, amiability, correct MissesL. Reeves, A. Hanson. ieportment and oljservance of rules.] GUITAR. SENIOR DEPARTMENT. Misses Schiltz, M. Hughes, M. Clifford. Misses Adelsperger, Ansbach, Ahlrichs, Bates, Bogner, MANDOLIN. Bovett, Butler, Clarke, Cunningham, Coll, Crane, Crilly, Misses MuUaney, D. Deutsch, S. Smyth, A."Ansbach, Churchill, Cochrane, M. Davis, C. Dempsey, Dennison, VOCAL DEPARTMENT. S. Dempsey, D. Davis, Dorsey, Donahue, English, Flan- 1ST CLASS, 2D DIV.—Misses B. Hellman, C. Dempsey. nery, Fosdick, Green, Gordon, Hammond, E. Healey, C. 2D CLASS —Misses N. Hale, I. Horner. Hurley,|Horner, K. Hurley, H. Hanson, Hutchinson, Hell- 2D CLASS, 2D DIV.—Misses F. Marley, T. Balch, O. mann, Hepburn, Kimmell, Koopmann, Lauth, McFar- O'Brien, J. English. land, F. Moore, McCarthy, F. Marley, M. Moore, Norris, 3D CLASS—Misses L. Dolan, M. Fitzpatrick, M. Schiltz. Nacey, Nester, O'Brien, Piper, Patier, Pitcher, Roberts, 3D CLASS, 2D DIV.—Misses G. Rentfrow, M. Otis. Rinehart, Rinn, Rentfrow, Reilly, Stapleton, Spurgeon, 4TH CLASS—Misses M. Hughes, M. McFarland, C. Schiltz, M. Schermerhorn, Thirds, Van Mourick, Violette, Haight, H. Hutchinson, M. Schermerhorn. S. Dempsey. Wurzburg. R. Van Mourick, I. De Montcourt, M Davis, F. Soper, J. JUNIOR DEPARTMENT. Holt, M. Rinehart, B. Pitcher, N. Lloyd. Misses Burdick, E. Burns, Black, Clifford, Carlin. M. 5TH CLASS—Misses M. McPhee, S. Levy, M. Harmes, Davis, B. Davis, Evoy, Girsch, Hickey, C. Kasper, Mc- M. Burns, M. Smith, M. Cochrane, L. Nickel. Guire, Meskill, O'Mara, Patrick, Philion, E. Quealy, C. Ruger, Regan, Robbins, Shirey, M. Smyth, Sweeney, J. •^•» Smyth, E. Wagner, Waldron, M. Wagner, Wright, N. BOAST not thy service rendered to the King; Wurzburg, Young. 'Tis grace enough He lets thee service bring. MINIM DEPARTMENT. Misses L. Adelsperger, Coady, A. E. Dennison, M. The sandal-tree, most sacred tree of all. •Egan, Finnerty, H. Girsch, M. Hamilton, L. McHugh, Perfumes the very axe.which bids it fall. McCarthy, M. McHugh, Porteous, S. Smyth, N. Smyth. Rejoice not when thine enemy doth die. Thou hast not won immortal life thereby. CONSERVATORY OF MUSIC. While in thy lips thy words thou dost confine, HONORABLY MENTIONED. Thou art their lord: once uttered, they are thine. ADVANCED COURSE—Miss L. Curtis. GRADUATING CLASS, IST COURSE—Miss E. Flannery. Boldly thy breadjupon the waters throw; UNDER-GRADUATING CLASS—Miss O. O'Brien. And if the fishes do not, God will know. 2D CLASS—Misses D. Deutsch, M. McFarland. 2D Div.—Misses M. Davis, C. Hurley, L. Nickel. What .will not time and toil? by these a worm 3D CLASS—Misses J. Currier, E. Healy, N. Morse, M. Will into silk a mulberry leaf transform. •Piper, I. Stapleton, A. Tormey. ".^ -^Proverbs from the Turkish and Persian.