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GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 3 / 2016 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Book now for the Gem-A Conference 2016 Saturday 5 and Sunday 6 November Boasting an incredible line-up of speakers, the Gem-A Conference is not to be missed. Further your knowledge by attending talks from renowned gem experts, network with some of the world’s top gemmologists and attend exclusive seminars and trips, including the Mineral Gallery at the Natural History Museum and the Crown Jewels at the Tower of London. Hurry, booking closes on 21 October 2016. SATURDAY PROGRAMME SUNDAY PROGRAMME Ian Harebottle Helen Molesworth The critical role of colour and design in ensuring The history of gemstones the future of the jewellery sector Jim Clanin Dr Michael Wise The fundamentals of mining for coloured Hiddenite emerald deposits of North Carolina gemstones and mineral specimens David Fisher Danny Sanchez Progress in the detection of diamond treatments Photomicrography of inclusions John Dyer Pat Daly The science and the art of gem cutting Identification techniques Robert Weldon Bill Larson In Peter Rainier’s footsteps: journey to the Gemstones and gem mining in San Diego County, Chivor emerald mine California To book for the Conference please visit: www.eventbrite.com/e/gem-a-conference-2016-tickets-25865073130 Members have been sent a special booking code for the Conference via email. If you haven’t received this please contact [email protected]. Join us. The Gemmological Association of Great Britain, 21 Ely Place, London, EC1N 6TD, UK. T: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 F: +44 (0)20 7404 8843. Registered charity no. 1109555. A company limited by guarantee and registered in England No. 1945780. Registered Office: 3rd Floor, 1-4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD. Conference Ad_09-2016.indd 1 20/09/2016 11:03:29 Contents GemmologyThe Journal of Volume 35 / No. 3 / 2016 p. 192 COLUMNS p. 253 181 What’s New FourPro Photo Studio|Gemax Pro digital microscope| GemoLog Color Stone Gem Tester|PhosView|Diamond literature compilations|Gem Testing Laboratory Lab Information Circular|GRS Alert on manufactured phosphorescent pebbles|ICGL ARTICLES Newsletter Feature Articles 184 Gem Notes 212 Simultaneous High Sensitivity Trace-Element and Almandine from Israel|Anatase Isotopic Analysis of Gemstones Using Laser Ablation from Pakistan|Cat’s-eye apatite Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass from Madagascar|Aquamarine from Pakistan|Chrome chal- Spectrometry cedony from Tanzania| By Hao A. O. Wang, Michael S. Krzemnicki, Jean-Pierre Chalain, Yellow dravite from Tan- Pierre Lefèvre, Wei Zhou and Laurent Cartier zania|New garnets from East Africa|Quartz cubes 224 Synthetic Emeralds Grown by IG Farben: from Ukraine|Star sapphire Historical Development and Properties Related to showing a variable number Growth Technology of rays|‘Zebra Star’ sapphire from Tanzania|Scapolite By Karl Schmetzer, H. Albert Gilg and Elisabeth Vaupel from Tanzania with magnetite inclusions|Gastropod shell Gemmological Brief as the core of a natural −1 pearl|Yttrium alumino- 248 A Diamond with a Transient 2804 cm Absorption Peak silicate glass imitating By Jianjun Li, Chengxing Fan, Shuxiang Chen and Guihua Li peridot|HPHT-treated blue sapphires|Myanmar Gems 253 Conferences Emporium Arizona Geological Society|International Geological Congress Cover Photo: New technologies, such as 256 Letters laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time-of- flight mass spectrometry 257 Gem-A Notices (see article on pp. 212– 223), are helping gem labs make more accurate 262 Learning Opportunities geographic origin deter- minations on high-end stones such as these Kash- 265 New Media mir sapphires (~7.3 and 8.5 ct). Photo by Julien Xaysongkham/SSEF. 268 Literature of Interest The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL and GIT. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2016.35.3 i The Journal of emmology G THE GEMMOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF GREAT BRITAIN Editor-in-Chief Production Editor Marketing Consultant Brendan M. Laurs Mary A. Burland Ya’akov Almor [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 21 Ely Place Editorial Assistant Editor Emeritus Executive Editor London EC1N 6TD Carol M. Stockton Roger R. Harding Alan D. Hart UK Associate Editors t: +44 (0)20 7404 3334 Edward Boehm, RareSource, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA; Alan T. Collins, King’s College f: +44 (0)20 7404 8843 London; John L. Emmett, Crystal Chemistry, Brush Prairie, Washington, USA; Emmanuel e: [email protected] Fritsch, University of Nantes, France; Rui Galopim de Carvalho, Portugal Gemas, Lisbon, w: www.gem-a.com Portugal; Lee A. Groat, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; Thomas Hainschwang, GGTL Laboratories, Balzers, Liechtenstein; Henry A. Hänni, GemExpert, Basel, Registered Charity No. 1109555 Switzerland; Jeff W. Harris, University of Glasgow; Alan D. Hart, Gem-A, London; Ulrich Registered office: Palladium House, Henn, German Gemmological Association, Idar-Oberstein; Jaroslav Hyršl, Prague, Czech 1–4 Argyll Street, London W1F 7LD Republic; Brian Jackson, National Museums Scotland, Edinburgh; Stefanos Karampelas, GRS Gemresearch Swisslab, Meggen, Switzerland; Lore Kiefert, Gübelin Gem Lab Ltd., Lucerne, Switzerland; Hiroshi Kitawaki, Central Gem Laboratory, Tokyo, Japan; Michael S. Krzemnicki, Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF, Basel; Shane F. McClure, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Jack M. Ogden, Striptwist Ltd., London; Federico Pezzotta, President Natural History Museum of Milan, Italy; Jeffrey E. Post, Smithsonian Institution, Washington Maggie Campbell Pedersen DC, USA; Andrew H. Rankin, Kingston University, Surrey; George R. Rossman, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA; Karl Schmetzer, Petershausen, Germany; Dietmar Vice Presidents Schwarz, AIGS Lab Co. Ltd., Bangkok, Thailand; Menahem Sevdermish, GemeWizard Ltd., David J. Callaghan, Alan T. Collins, Ramat Gan, Israel; Guanghai Shi, China University of Geosciences, Beijing; James E. Shigley, Noel W. Deeks, E. Alan Jobbins, Gemological Institute of America, Carlsbad, California; Christopher P. Smith, American Andrew H. Rankin Gemological Laboratories Inc., New York, New York; Evelyne Stern, London; Elisabeth Strack, Gemmologisches Institut Hamburg, Germany; Tay Thye Sun, Far East Gemological Honorary Fellows Laboratory, Singapore; Pornsawat Wathanakul, Gem and Jewelry Institute of Thailand, Gaetano Cavalieri, Terrence Bangkok; Chris M. Welbourn, Reading, Berkshire; Joanna Whalley, Victoria and Albert S. Coldham, Emmanuel Fritsch Museum, London; Bert Willems, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany; Bear Williams, Stone Group Laboratories LLC, Jefferson City, Missouri, USA; J.C. (Hanco) Zwaan, National Museum Honorary Diamond Member of Natural History ‘Naturalis’, Leiden, The Netherlands. Martin Rapaport Content Submission Chief Executive Officer The Editor-in-Chief is glad to consider original articles, news items, conference/excursion Alan D. Hart reports, announcements and calendar entries on subjects of gemmological interest for publication in The Journal of Gemmology. A guide to the various sections and the preparation Council of manuscripts is given at www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ Justine L. Carmody – Chair journal-of-gemmology/submissions, or contact the Production Editor. Kathryn L. Bonanno, Paul F. Greer, Subscriptions Kerry H. Gregory, J. Alan W. Hodgkinson, Nigel B. Israel, Jack Gem-A members receive The Journal as part of their membership package, full details M. Ogden, Richard M. Slater, of which are given at www.gem-a.com/membership. Laboratories, libraries, museums and similar institutions may become Direct Subscribers to The Journal. Christopher P. Smith Advertising Branch Chairmen Midlands – Georgina E. Kettle Enquiries about advertising in The Journal should be directed to the Marketing Consultant. For more information, see www.gem-a.com/index.php/news-publications/publications/ North East – Mark W. Houghton journal-of-gemmology/advertising. South East – Veronica Wetten South West – Richard M. Slater Database Coverage The Journal of Gemmology is covered by the following abstracting and indexing services: Australian Research Council academic journal list, British Library Document Supply Service, Chemical Abstracts (CA Plus), Copyright Clearance Center’s RightFind application, CrossRef, EBSCO (Academic Search International, Discovery Service and TOC Premier), Gale/Cengage Learning Academic OneFile, GeoRef, Mineralogical Abstracts, ProQuest, Scopus and the Thomson Reuters’ Emerging Sources Citation Index (in the Web of Science). Copyright and Reprint Permission For full details of copyright and reprint permission contact the Editor. The Journal of Gemmology is published quarterly by Gem-A, The Gemmological Association of Great Britain. Any opinions expressed in The Journal are understood to be the views of the contributors and not necessarily of the publisher. Printed by DG3 (Europe) Ltd. © 2016 The Gemmological Association of Great Britain Cert no. TT-COC-002454 ™ ISSN: 1355-4565 Understanding Gems ii The Journal of Gemmology, 35(3), 2016 What’s New INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES FourPro Photo Studio GemoLog Color Stone Gem Tester Announced in late 2015, this Italian-made modu- Released in June 2016 from U.S.-based Tri Elec- lar photography system helps with taking profes- tronics Inc., this testing unit includes an optical sional-quality photos of jewellery without shadows pen connected to a handheld controller
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