Cold-Water Coral Reefs
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Raman Investigations to Identify Corallium Rubrum in Iron Age Jewelry and Ornaments
minerals Article Raman Investigations to Identify Corallium rubrum in Iron Age Jewelry and Ornaments Sebastian Fürst 1,†, Katharina Müller 2,†, Liliana Gianni 2,†, Céline Paris 3,†, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet 3,†, Christopher F.E. Pare 1,† and Ina Reiche 2,4,†,* 1 Vor- und Frühgeschichtliche Archäologie, Institut für Altertumswissenschaften, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Schillerstraße 11, Mainz 55116, Germany; [email protected] (S.F.); [email protected] (C.F.E.P.) 2 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8220, Laboratoire d‘archéologie moléculaire et structurale (LAMS), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] (K.M.); [email protected] (L.G.) 3 Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8233, De la molécule au nano-objets: réactivité, interactions et spectroscopies (MONARIS), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France; [email protected] (C.P.); [email protected] (L.B.-G.) 4 Rathgen-Forschungslabor, Staatliche Museen zu Berlin-Preußischer Kulturbesitz, Schloßstraße 1 a, Berlin 14059, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +49-30-2664-27101 † These authors contributed equally to this work. Academic Editor: Steve Weiner Received: 31 December 2015; Accepted: 1 June 2016; Published: 15 June 2016 Abstract: During the Central European Iron Age, more specifically between 600 and 100 BC, red precious corals (Corallium rubrum) became very popular in many regions, often associated with the so-called (early) Celts. Red corals are ideally suited to investigate several key questions of Iron Age research, like trade patterns or social and economic structures. While it is fairly easy to distinguish modern C. -
Pearls and Organic Gemstones
Pearls and Organic Gemstones INTRODUCTION Pearls were probably the first discovered gems of significance. Because they need no cutting or treatment to enhance their beauty and are rare natural occurrences, they have most likely always been highly esteemed. Organic gemstones are anything created by living processes. We have looked at amber in the past, but bone, teeth (such as ivory), and shells all have some value and are used today as gemstones. Pearls in General A pearl is grown by a mollusk (a bivalve such as a clam, oyster, or mussel or snail [single shell = valve]) in response to an irritant. Bivalves (two shelled mollusks) that secrete pearls live in both fresh‐ and saltwater. The irritant in most cases is a parasite (though it could be a grain of sand or other object). The parasite, a worm or other creature, is walled off by a secretion of calcium carbonate and protein. The calcium carbonate is the same as the inorganic material that makes stalactites in caves, and the protein is called conchiolin. The combination of these two substances (calcium carbonate and protein) makes the pearl's nacre (Nacre is also called mother of pearl). The nacre is a lustrous deposit around the irritant and forms concentric layers (overlapping circles). Many concentric layers of nacre build up over a period of a few years creating a pearl. The internal pattern is much like that seen in a jawbreaker. The layers create a sheen or luster that has iridescence and is described as both pearly luster and if colors of the rainbow are present, the pearl's orient. -
Information Review for Protected Deep-Sea Coral Species in the New Zealand Region
INFORMATION REVIEW FOR PROTECTED DEEP-SEA CORAL SPECIES IN THE NEW ZEALAND REGION NIWA Client Report: WLG2006-85 November 2006 NIWA Project: DOC06307 INFORMATION REVIEW FOR PROTECTED DEEP-SEA CORAL SPECIES IN THE NEW ZEALAND REGION Authors Mireille Consalvey Kevin MacKay Di Tracey Prepared for Department of Conservation NIWA Client Report: WLG2006-85 November 2006 NIWA Project: DOC06307 National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd 301 Evans Bay Parade, Greta Point, Wellington Private Bag 14901, Kilbirnie, Wellington, New Zealand Phone +64-4-386 0300, Fax +64-4-386 0574 www.niwa.co.nz © All rights reserved. This publication may not be reproduced or copied in any form without the permission of the client. Such permission is to be given only in accordance with the terms of the client's contract with NIWA. This copyright extends to all forms of copying and any storage of material in any kind of information retrieval system. Contents Executive Summary iv 1. Introduction 1 2. Corals 1 3. Habitat 3 4. Corals as a habitat 3 5. Major taxonomic groups of deep-sea corals in New Zealand 5 6. Distribution of deep-sea corals in the New Zealand region 9 7. Systematics of deep-sea corals in New Zealand 18 8. Reproduction and recruitment of deep-sea corals 20 9. Growth rates and deep-sea coral ageing 22 10. Fishing effects on deep-sea corals 24 11. Other threats to deep-sea corals 29 12. Ongoing research into deep-sea corals in New Zealand 29 13. Future science and challenges to deep-sea coral research in New Zealand 30 14. -
A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus Eunice (Eunicidae, Polychaete, Annelida)
Blackwell Publishing LtdOxford, UKZOJZoological Journal of the Linnean Society0024-4082© 2007 The Linnean Society of London? 2007 1502 413434 Original Article PHYLOGENY OF EUNICEJ. ZANOL ET AL. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 150, 413–434. With 12 figures A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Eunice (Eunicidae, polychaete, Annelida) JOANA ZANOL1*, KRISTIAN FAUCHALD2 and PAULO C. PAIVA3 1Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional/UFRJ, Quinta da Boa Vista s/n°, São Cristovão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20940–040, Brazil 2Department of Invertebrate Zoology, NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, NHB MRC 0163, Washington, DC 20013–7012, USA 3Departamento de Zoologia, Insituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A, Sala A0-104, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 2240–590, Brazil Received April 2006; accepted for publication December 2006 Species of Eunice are distributed worldwide, inhabiting soft and hard marine bottoms. Some of these species play sig- nificant roles in coral reef communities and others are commercially important. Eunice is the largest and most poorly defined genus in Eunicidae. It has traditionally been subdivided in taxonomically informal groups based on the colour and dentition of subacicular hooks, and branchial distribution. The monophyly of Eunice and of its informal subgroups is tested here using cladistic analyses of 24 ingroup species based on morphological data. In the phylo- genetic hypothesis resulting from the present analyses Eunice and its subgroups are paraphyletic; the genus may be divided in at least two monophyletic groups, Eunice s.s. and Leodice, but several species do not fall inside these two groups. -
Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (2012)
FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard Marine and Coastal Spatial Data Subcommittee Federal Geographic Data Committee June, 2012 Federal Geographic Data Committee FGDC-STD-018-2012 Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard, June 2012 ______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS PAGE 1. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives ................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Need ......................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Scope ........................................................................................................................ 2 1.4 Application ............................................................................................................... 3 1.5 Relationship to Previous FGDC Standards .............................................................. 4 1.6 Development Procedures ......................................................................................... 5 1.7 Guiding Principles ................................................................................................... 7 1.7.1 Build a Scientifically Sound Ecological Classification .................................... 7 1.7.2 Meet the Needs of a Wide Range of Users ...................................................... -
Chaetal Type Diversity Increases During Evolution of Eunicida (Annelida)
Org Divers Evol (2016) 16:105–119 DOI 10.1007/s13127-015-0257-z ORIGINAL ARTICLE Chaetal type diversity increases during evolution of Eunicida (Annelida) Ekin Tilic1 & Thomas Bartolomaeus1 & Greg W. Rouse2 Received: 21 August 2015 /Accepted: 30 November 2015 /Published online: 15 December 2015 # Gesellschaft für Biologische Systematik 2015 Abstract Annelid chaetae are a superior diagnostic character Keywords Chaetae . Molecular phylogeny . Eunicida . on species and supraspecific levels, because of their structural Systematics variety and taxon specificity. A certain chaetal type, once evolved, must be passed on to descendants, to become char- acteristic for supraspecific taxa. Therefore, one would expect Introduction that chaetal diversity increases within a monophyletic group and that additional chaetae types largely result from transfor- Chaetae in annelids have attracted the interest of scientist for a mation of plesiomorphic chaetae. In order to test these hypoth- very long time, making them one of the most studied, if not the eses and to explain potential losses of diversity, we take up a most studied structures of annelids. This is partly due to the systematic approach in this paper and investigate chaetation in significance of chaetal features when identifying annelids, Eunicida. As a backbone for our analysis, we used a three- since chaetal structure and arrangement are highly constant gene (COI, 16S, 18S) molecular phylogeny of the studied in species and supraspecific taxa. Aside from being a valuable eunicidan species. This phylogeny largely corresponds to pre- source for taxonomists, chaetae have also been the focus of vious assessments of the phylogeny of Eunicida. Presence or many studies in functional ecology (Merz and Edwards 1998; absence of chaetal types was coded for each species included Merz and Woodin 2000; Merz 2015; Pernet 2000; Woodin into the molecular analysis and transformations for these char- and Merz 1987). -
Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems – Processes and Practices in the High Seas Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems Processes and Practices in the High Seas
ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 595 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL PAPER 595 Vulnerable marine ecosystems – Processes and practices in the high seas Vulnerable marine ecosystems Processes and practices in the high seas This publication, Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems: processes and practices in the high seas, provides regional fisheries management bodies, States, and other interested parties with a summary of existing regional measures to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems from significant adverse impacts caused by deep-sea fisheries using bottom contact gears in the high seas. This publication compiles and summarizes information on the processes and practices of the regional fishery management bodies, with mandates to manage deep-sea fisheries in the high seas, to protect vulnerable marine ecosystems. ISBN 978-92-5-109340-5 ISSN 2070-7010 FAO 9 789251 093405 I5952E/2/03.17 Cover photo credits: Photo descriptions clockwise from top-left: Acanthagorgia spp., Paragorgia arborea, Vase sponges (images courtesy of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada); and Callogorgia spp. (image courtesy of Kirsty Kemp, the Zoological Society of London). FAO FISHERIES AND Vulnerable marine ecosystems AQUACULTURE TECHNICAL Processes and practices in the high seas PAPER 595 Edited by Anthony Thompson FAO Consultant Rome, Italy Jessica Sanders Fisheries Officer FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy Merete Tandstad Fisheries Resources Officer FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy Fabio Carocci Fishery Information Assistant FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department Rome, Italy and Jessica Fuller FAO Consultant Rome, Italy FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2016 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Guide to the Identification of Precious and Semi-Precious Corals in Commercial Trade
'l'llA FFIC YvALE ,.._,..---...- guide to the identification of precious and semi-precious corals in commercial trade Ernest W.T. Cooper, Susan J. Torntore, Angela S.M. Leung, Tanya Shadbolt and Carolyn Dawe September 2011 © 2011 World Wildlife Fund and TRAFFIC. All rights reserved. ISBN 978-0-9693730-3-2 Reproduction and distribution for resale by any means photographic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or information storage and retrieval systems of any parts of this book, illustrations or texts is prohibited without prior written consent from World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Reproduction for CITES enforcement or educational and other non-commercial purposes by CITES Authorities and the CITES Secretariat is authorized without prior written permission, provided the source is fully acknowledged. Any reproduction, in full or in part, of this publication must credit WWF and TRAFFIC North America. The views of the authors expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect those of the TRAFFIC network, WWF, or the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The designation of geographical entities in this publication and the presentation of the material do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WWF, TRAFFIC, or IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The TRAFFIC symbol copyright and Registered Trademark ownership are held by WWF. TRAFFIC is a joint program of WWF and IUCN. Suggested citation: Cooper, E.W.T., Torntore, S.J., Leung, A.S.M, Shadbolt, T. and Dawe, C. -
Metabarcoding in the Abyss: Uncovering Deep-Sea Biodiversity Through Environmental
Metabarcoding in the abyss : uncovering deep-sea biodiversity through environmental DNA Miriam Isabelle Brandt To cite this version: Miriam Isabelle Brandt. Metabarcoding in the abyss : uncovering deep-sea biodiversity through environmental DNA. Agricultural sciences. Université Montpellier, 2020. English. NNT : 2020MONTG033. tel-03197842 HAL Id: tel-03197842 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03197842 Submitted on 14 Apr 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE M ONTPELLIER En Sciences de l'Évolution et de la Biodiversité École doctorale GAIA Unité mixte de recherche MARBEC Pourquoi Pas les Abysses ? L’ADN environnemental pour l’étude de la biodiversité des grands fonds marins Metabarcoding in the abyss: uncovering deep - sea biodiversity through environmental DNA Présentée par Miriam Isabelle BRANDT Le 10 juillet 2020 Sous la direction de Sophie ARNAUD-HAOND et Daniela ZEPPILLI Devant le jury composé de Sofie DERYCKE, Senior researcher/Professeur rang A, ILVO, Belgique Rapporteur -
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution
Deep‐Sea Coral Taxa in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico: Depth and Geographical Distribution by Peter J. Etnoyer1 and Stephen D. Cairns2 1. NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Charleston, SC 2. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC This annex to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico chapter in “The State of Deep‐Sea Coral Ecosystems of the United States” provides a list of deep‐sea coral taxa in the Phylum Cnidaria, Classes Anthozoa and Hydrozoa, known to occur in the waters of the Gulf of Mexico (Figure 1). Deep‐sea corals are defined as azooxanthellate, heterotrophic coral species occurring in waters 50 m deep or more. Details are provided on the vertical and geographic extent of each species (Table 1). This list is adapted from species lists presented in ʺBiodiversity of the Gulf of Mexicoʺ (Felder & Camp 2009), which inventoried species found throughout the entire Gulf of Mexico including areas outside U.S. waters. Taxonomic names are generally those currently accepted in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and are arranged by order, and alphabetically within order by suborder (if applicable), family, genus, and species. Data sources (references) listed are those principally used to establish geographic and depth distribution. Only those species found within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico Exclusive Economic Zone are presented here. Information from recent studies that have expanded the known range of species into the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been included. The total number of species of deep‐sea corals documented for the U.S. -
Symbiosis in Deep-Water Corals
;ymbiosis, 37 (2004) 33-61 33 Balaban, Philadelphia/Rehovot Review article. Symbiosis in Deep-Water Corals LENE BUHL-MORTENSEN,. AND PAL B. MORTENSEN Benthic Habitat Research Group, Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870 Nordnes, N-5817 Bergen, Norway, Tel. +47-55-236936, Fax. +47-55-236830, Email. [email protected] Received October 7, 2003; Accepted December 20, 2003 Abstract Deep or cold-water corals house a rich fauna of more or less closely associated animals. This fauna has been poorly studied, and most of the records are sporadic observations of single species. In this review we compile available records of invertebrates associated with alcyonarian, antipatharian, gorgonian, and scleractinian deep-water corals, including our own previously unpublished observations. Direct observations of the location of mobile species on deep-water corals are few and samples of deep-water corals often contain a mixture of sediments and broken corals. The nature of the relationship between the associated species and the coral is therefore in most cases uncertain. We present a list of species that can be characterised as symbionts. More than 980 species have been recorded on deep-water corals, of these 112 can be characterised as symbionts of which, 30 species are obligate to various cnidarian taxa. Fifty-three percent of the obligate deep-water coral symbionts are parasites, 47% are commensals. The obligate symbionts are rarer than their hosts, which implies that reduced coral abundance and distribution may be critical to the symbionts' ecology. Most of the parasites are endoparasites (37%), whereas ectoparasites and kleptoparasites are less common (13 and 3%, respectively). -
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Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 217–236 (2014) Published December 2014 ISSN 1447-2546 (Print) 1447-2554 (On-line) http://museumvictoria.com.au/about/books-and-journals/journals/memoirs-of-museum-victoria/ Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars EIVIND OUG1,* (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:EF42540F-7A9E-486F-96B7-FCE9F94DC54A), TORKILD BAKKEN2 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:FA79392C-048E-4421-BFF8-71A7D58A54C7) AND JON ANDERS KONGSRUD3 (http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:4AF3F49E-9406-4387-B282-73FA5982029E) 1 Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Region South, Jon Lilletuns vei 3, NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway ([email protected]) 2 Norwegian University of Science and Technology, University Museum, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway ([email protected]) 3 University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, NO-5020 Bergen, Norway ([email protected]) * To whom correspondence and reprint requests should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Oug, E., Bakken, T. and Kongsrud, J.A. 2014. Original specimens and type localities of early described polychaete species (Annelida) from Norway, with particular attention to species described by O.F. Müller and M. Sars. Memoirs of Museum Victoria 71: 217–236. Early descriptions of species from Norwegian waters are reviewed, with a focus on the basic requirements for re- assessing their characteristics, in particular, by clarifying the status of the original material and locating sampling sites. A large number of polychaete species from the North Atlantic were described in the early period of zoological studies in the 18th and 19th centuries.