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The Making of an Emergency- Response Team. $3.95 2877A Amarch Spring09 V2a 2/6/09 12:50 PM Page 1 NORTH AMERICA’S FIRST FRENCH COLONY • LIFE ON THE FRONTIER • A MAJOR HISTORIC TRADE ROUTE american archaeologySPRING 2009 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 13 No. 1 COPING WITH FLOODS AND FIRES The making of an emergency- response team. $3.95 2877A_AmArch_Spring09_V2a 2/6/09 12:50 PM Page 1 Archaeological Tours led by noted scholars Invites You to Journey Back in Time Southern Spain (14 days) Korea (16 days) Study Spain’s treasury of ancient remains Explore Korea’s 5,000 years of history with left by the Greeks, Romans and Arabs. Prof. Donald Baker, U. of British Columbia. Traveling south from Madrid to historic Beginning in Seoul, tour highlights include Toledo, Roman Mérida and into Andalusia, a day trip north of the Demilitarized Zone to we explore the historical monuments from visit ancient and modern Gaeseong, royal these civilizations with Prof. Ronald Messier, tombs, ancient temples, Buddhist grottoes Vanderbilt U. We will be introduced to and exceptional museums, plus colorful Moorish architecture at Córdoba’s great traditional music and dance performances. cathedral, the Alcazar in Seville and end Ancient Rome (12 days) our tour with Granada’s opulent Alhambra. Search out the hidden city of the ancient Romans with Prof. Myles Peru (18 days) McDonnell, Baruch College, Discover Lima’s museums, CUNY. As we look beneath the the tombs of Sipán, contemporary city we will Túcume, Chan Chan, the rediscover Republican Rome, largest adobe city in the Rome of the Caesars, the Early world, and Cuzco with Empire, High Empire and Christian Prof. John Rick, Stanford Rome, ending with the Imperial The Balkans (19 days) U. Tour highlights include Palaces of the Later Empire. Cerro Sechín, renowned Highlights will include a full day Join Dr. Robert Bianchi, Art Historian, as for its unique stone at Ostia Antica and another at we view the glorious Byzantine frescoes in carvings, the early Tivoli, visiting Hadrian’s Villa. Kosovo and Serbia’s monasteries. We then temple-fortress of Our touring will be chronological travel from Dubrovnik, along the spectacular Chankillo and amazing and will unravel the complicated Dalmatian coast, visiting Croatia’s medieval Caral plus two days stages of occupation and cities and on the Istrian peninsula Pula’s at Machu Picchu. buildings in this great city. fabulous Roman remains, ending our tour in Zagreb. 2009 tours include: Tunisia • Israel • Ethiopia • Greece • Malta, Sardinia & Corsica • Egypt for Families • Guatemala • India Cyprus, Crete & Santorini • Caves & Castles • Sicily & Southern Italy • Georgia & Armenia • China • Turkey...and more Journey back in time with us – Archaeological Tours. We’ve been taking curious travelers on fascinating historical study tours for the past 34 years. Each tour is led by a noted scholar whose knowledge and enthusiasm brings history to life and adds a memorable perspective to your journey. Every one of our 37 tours features superb itineraries, unsurpassed service and our time-tested commitment to excellence. No wonder so many of our clients choose to travel with us again and again. For more information, please visit www.archaeologicaltrs.com, e-mail [email protected], call 212-986-3054, toll-free 866-740-5130. Or write to Archaeological Tours, 271 Madison Avenue, Suite 904, New York, NY 10016. And see history our way. archaeological tours LED BY NOTED SCHOLARS superb itineraries, unsurpassed service american archaeologyspring 2009 a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Vol. 13 No. 1 COVER FEATURE 19 RESPONDING TO DISASTERS BY PAULA NEELY Having learned some hard lessons when Hurricane Isabel struck Jamestown in 2003, the National Park Service formed an emergency response team to protect its archaeological resources. 12 UNEARTHING NORTH AMERICA’S FIRST FRENCH COLONY BY HANNAH HOAG 19 NPS Archaeologists are investigating Fort Charlesbourg-Royal, which was established in Canada in 1541 and abandoned two years later. 26 LIFE ON THE FRONTIER BY DENISE TESSIER The Mogollon and Anasazi cultures came together at Cañada Alamosa. Archaeologists are learning what resulted from the interaction. 33 INVESTIGATING FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR FORTS BY DAVID MALAKOFF 12 LIAM MALONEY Colonial armies and settlers built a series of forts for protection during the French and Indian War. Archaeologists are examining 2 Lay of the Land the differences between the military and civilian structures. 3 Letters 39 A TALE OF TWO TRAILS 5 Events BY JULIAN SMITH 7 In the News In the 1820s El Camino Real and the Santa Fe Trail were EPA Accused of Destroying Sites • First Americans joined, an event that brought about economic, military Came in Two Migrations • Chocolate at Chaco Canyon and social changes. 50 Field Notes 46 new acquisition 52 Reviews PRESERVING THE POTOMAC’S PREHISTORY The Conservancy acquires two important sites in Virginia. 54 Expeditions 48 COVER: Over the last few years, floods and fires have posed new acquisition a serious threat to the National Park Service’s archaeological THE REMNANTS OF UTOPIA resources. The park service has formed an emergency The Aurora Colony was a 19th-century utopian response team to cope with these problems. community in Oregon. Photographs by the National Park Service american archaeology 1 Lay of the Land The Emergence of Historical Archaeology uch of this issue of American all inform these investigations. Archaeology is devoted to sto- Historical archaeology in the Mries about the relatively new United States evolved into a formal dis- discipline of historical archaeology. We cipline in the 1960s with the formation report on research in French Québec, of the Society for Historical Archaeol- the Santa Fe Trail and El Camino Real, ogy and the publication of its scholarly and the French and Indian War forts of journal. In the succeeding 50 years, it Mark Michel, President the English colonies. Unlike traditional has blossomed into a vibrant branch DARREN POORE archaeology, historical archaeology of learning with innumerable projects acquiring French and Indian War forts is concerned with projects that date spread across North America. in the East. The old notion that archae- to the time of writing and have been Preserving historical sites is an ology is concerned only with ancient written about. Its practitioners com- important goal of The Archaeological times is fading as historical archaeolo- bine research in archives and libraries Conservancy. We are hard at work on gists expand our knowledge of North with standard excavation techniques at early French, Spanish, and English set- America’s recent past. archaeological sites to present a clearer tlements as well as later American ones. picture of what actually transpired. His- We are preserving sites on the Santa tory, archaeology, geology, and folklore Fe Trail and El Camino Real. We are 2 spring • 2009 Letters R E T H I N K I N G T H E C L O V I S s H O P E W E L L M Y S T E R I E S s A N A S A Z I M I G R A T I O N D E B A T E Wc[h_YWdWhY^W[ebe]oE7<B3@ &' a quarterly publication of The Archaeological Conservancy Editor’s Corner Archaeological and Vol. 12 No. 4 Environmental Preservation Jamestown, one of the most iconic archaeo- The situation in Nine Mile Can- logical sites in the United States, had been hit yon is, unfortunately, indicative by Hurricane Isabel. Power was out, build- of the situation in Utah gener- ings were damaged, and one of the country’s ally. The Bush Administration’s premiere historical artifact collections was imperative to drill anywhere endangered by flooding. and drill now, coupled with a <W\S;WZS When this unfortunate event occurred Utah Congressional delegation 1O\g]\Âa in September of 2003, a small team of 3\RO\US`SR with no sense of environmen- $3.95 National Park Service archaeologists and @]QY/`b tal responsibility and county AA Win 08-09front end.indd 1 other specialists hurried to Jamestown, governments that do not 11/12/08 7:26:02 PM intent on doing what they could to mitigate enforce environmental regula- Crediting PIDBA the damage. These men and women were tions, is seriously damaging Although not mentioned in the neither certain of what they would encoun- many archaeological sites and article “Rethinking the Clovis,” the ter, nor were they trained to deal with natu- the general environment. Easy map on page 28 illustrating the ral disasters. access to remote sites by poorly distribution of fluted points across The situation they found was indeed regulated off road vehicles is, I North America was derived from disastrous. The basement of Jamestown’s suspect, leading to the looting the Paleoindian Database on the visitor center, where myriad artifacts were and trashing of sites unknown Americas (PIDBA) [http://pidba. stored, was flooded with five feet of water. to archaeologists. tennessee.edu/]. The maps and pri- Jamestown’s staff, equally unprepared for Fortunately, as noted in the mary data on PIDBA are compiled, such emergencies, was overwhelmed. The article “Drill, Baby, Drill?,” there submitted, and posted through the park service team realized quick, deci- are a number of organizations voluntary efforts of dozens of avo- sive, even extreme action was required if working to protect both the cational and professional archae- the archaeological treasures were to be environment and archaeological ologists, an effort that has been salvaged. sites. Among them is the South- underway for almost 20 years. The Our feature “Responding to Disasters,” ern Utah Alliance whose web PIDBA team is always looking for (see page 19) describes this and other recent site, www.suwa.org, provides a new primary data, and especially natural disasters the National Park Service wealth of information on these for people willing to compile and has had to contend with.
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