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The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, Ed.; Dorothy Twohig, Assoc

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The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, Ed.; Dorothy Twohig, Assoc The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville The Diaries of GEORGE WASHINGTON Volume I 1748–65 ASSISTANT EDITORS Beverly H. Runge, Frederick Hall Schmidt, and Philander D. Chase George H. Reese, CONSULTING EDITOR Joan Paterson Kerr, PICTURE EDITOR THE DIARIES OF GEORGE WASHINGTON VOLUME I 1748–65 DONALD JACKSON, EDITOR DOROTHY TWOHIG, ASSOCIATE EDITOR UNIVERSITY PRESS OF VIRGINIA CHARLOTTESVILLE This edition has been prepared by the staff of The Papers of George Washington, sponsored by The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union and the University of Virginia. THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF VIRGINIA Copyright © 1976 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia First published 1976 Frontispiece: George Washington, by Charles Willson Peale. (Washington and Lee University, Washington-Custis-Lee Collection) Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Washington, George, Pres. U. S., 1732–1799. The diaries of George Washington. The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Bibliography: p. 349 Includes index. 1. Washington, George, Pres. U. S., 1732–1799. I. Jackson, Donald Dean, 1919- II. Twohig, Dorothy. III. Title. E312.8 1976 973.4′1′0924 [B] 75-41365 ISBN 0-8139-0643-1 (v. 1) Printed in the United States of America Administrative Board David A. Shannon, Chairman Mrs. Thomas Turner Cooke W. Walker Cowen Advisory Committee John R. Alden C. Waller Barrett Francis L. Berkeley, Jr. Julian P. Boyd Comte René de Chambrun James Thomas Flexner Merrill Jensen Wilmarth S. Lewis Lewis A. McMurran, Jr. The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 John O. Marsh, Jr. Charles McC. Mathias, Jr. L. Quincy Mumford Merrill D. Peterson Saunders Redding James B. Rhoads Stephen T. Riley James Thorpe Lawrence W. Towner Nicholas B. Wainwright John A. Washington, M.D. Esmond Wright Contents Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii The Diaries for 1748–65 Surveying for Lord Fairfax, 1748 1 Voyage to Barbados, 1751–52 24 Journey to the French Commandant, 1753–54 118 Expedition to the Ohio, 1754 162 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Washington the Planter and Farmer, 1760 211 A Diary Fragment, 1761 289 Concerns of a Tobacco Planter, 1762 293 Plantation Records, 1763 309 To the Great Dismal Swamp, 1763 319 Cherries, Plums, Apples, and Pears, 1764 327 Hemp as a Fiber Crop, 1765 335 Repository Symbols 347 Bibliography 349 Index 361 Maps Washington's Extended Neighborhood xxi Washington's Potomac Neighborhood above the Falls 8 Washington's West 124–25 The Mount Vernon Neighborhood 213 Washington's Potomac Neighborhood below the Falls 220–21 The Growth of Mount Vernon 240 Washington's Williamsburg Neighborhood 271 Illustrations George Washington Frontispiece The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Early survey by Washington xxiii Plows from Tull's Horse-Hoeing Husbandry xxvii Drag harrow sketched by Washington xxix Cultivating tools from an eighteenth-century work xxxii Washington's copy of Hale's Husbandry xxxv Recording thermometer at Mount Vernon xxxvii Dove of peace weathervane xl Page from Washington's diary xliii Fairfax coat of arms 2 Thomas Fairfax, sixth Baron Fairfax of Cameron 2 Early map of Northern Neck of Virginia 3 George William Fairfax 7 Greenway Court 10 Young Washington, the surveyor 11 Hut used by Washington while surveying 13 Washington's drafting instruments 13 Page from young Washington's copybook 14 Chain, compass, and scale drawn by Washington 16 Washington's survey of Lawrence Washington's turnip field 17 Washington's surveying compass 18 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Washington's commission to survey land 20 xii Sketch of portion of Mount Vernon estate 21 Survey of site of Belhaven, or Alexandria, by Washington 22 Lawrence Washington 25 Bridgetown, capital of Barbados 25 “Pine-Apple,” Barbados 27 Scene on Barbados 31 Coconut tree, Barbados 32 West Indies farmyard 36 Gov. Robert Dinwiddie 119 Washington's commission from Governor Dinwiddie 131 Council with the Indians 136 Gist's map of the Ohio River and tributaries 143 Washington and Gist crossing the Allegheny River 145 Washington's journal of his journey to the French commandant 149 Map of the Ohio country drawn by Washington 153 Washington's report to Dinwiddie 159 Washington at twenty-five 163 Cartouche from revised Fry-Jefferson map, 1755 165 Capitulation at Fort Necessity 167 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 First American description of Washington's campaign, 1753–54 168 Dr. James Craik 176 Plan of Fort Duquesne 179 Washington's letter to Dinwiddie concerning transport 186 George Mercer 194 Jacky and Patsy Custis 212 Sarah Ball McCarty Barnes 214 Adm. Edward Vernon 216 Sally Cary Fairfax 217 Tobacco plantation 225 Washington's plan of Alexandria, 1749 228 Col. John Carlyle 231 Martha Washington's songbook 233 Ann Atwood Digges 237 Frontispiece, Washington's copy of Gibson's Horses 244 Thomson Mason 252 Milling machinery 257 Lucerne (alfalfa) plant 262 Gov. Francis Fauquier 273 Farm implements, including a harvesting cradle 278 The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Sheep shearing 282 Tobacco plant 290 xiii Washington's copy of Price's British Carpenter 292 Roof trusses 292 Royal arms of colonial Virginia 297 Tobacconist's trade card 303 Arrangement of an orchard 316 George Mason 318 Manuscript map of the Dismal Swamp, 1749 320 Section of Fry-Jefferson map of 17521, showing Dismal Swamp 322 Artist's view of Dismal Swamp 324 Lake Drummond 325 Washington's use of symbols 328 Title page of Gardener's Calendar 330 Garden from Gardener's Calendar 331 Pulses and artificial grasses 333 Title page of 1765 Virginia Almanack 336 Page from Virginia Almanack 339 Processing of hemp 342 xv The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 Acknowledgments The editors' first obligation is to the sponsors and agencies whose financial support and enthusiastic backing made our work possible. The cosponsors of The Papers of George Washington are the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union and the University of Virginia. Our principal governmental support has come from the National Endowment for the Humanities, with strong additional funding from the National Historical Publications and Records Commission. An annual grant from the William Stamps Farish Fund has been most appreciated. Of the many colleagues at the University of Virginia who assisted in the formation and encouragement of The Papers of George Washington, the editors are particularly indebted to former president of the University, Edgar F. Shannon, Jr., and his special assistant Francis L. Berkeley, Jr. All the many others who gave us assistance with the countless details of planning, financing, and day- to-day operation are perhaps best represented by one person, Charles L. Flanders of the Office of the Associate Provost for Research at the University of Virginia. We are grateful for the interest and encouragement of the Regent of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, and of her predecessor, the late Mrs. Francis F. Bierne. The editors also owe a debt of gratitude to the Mount Vernon staff, especially Charles C. Wall, resident director; John A. Castellani, librarian; Frank E. Morse, librarian emeritus; Robert B. Fisher, horticulturist, and Christine Meadows, curator. For assistance in research on Washington's diaries, we would like to thank the staff of the Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, the research staff of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, and members of the Virginia Division of Parks. The Alderman Library at the University of Virginia has housed our editorial offices and its staff has graciously and efficiently performed all the library services essential to an editorial project. The reproduction of Washington's diaries in these volumes has xvi been made possible by the cooperation of the following repositories and individuals who own the original manuscript material: the Library of Congress, Columbia University Libraries, the Detroit Public Library, Mount Vernon, John K. Paulding, the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, the Virginia Historical Society, and the Public Record Office, London. Our typographic consultant for general design is P. J. Conkwright, of Princeton, N.J. The editors acknowledge with appreciation the industry and competence of the following members of the research and clerical staff who over a period of several years were directly involved in the The Diaries of George Washington. Vol. 1. Donald Jackson, ed.; Dorothy Twohig, assoc. ed. The Papers of George Washington. Charlottesville http://www.loc.gov/resource/mgw.wd01 laborious task of transcribing and checking the Washington diaries: Lynne Crane, Dana K. Levy, Patricia Waddell, Corinne Poole, Jessie Shelar, Kathleen Howard, Patricia De Berry, Roger Lund, Barbara Morris, Cynthia S. Miller, Christine Hughes, Nancy Morris, and Karen Whitehill. xvii Introduction This edition of the Washington diaries has been prepared by the staff of The Papers of George Washington, an enterprise jointly sponsored by the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union and the University of Virginia.
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