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The Battle to Interpret Arlington House, 1921–1937,” by Michael B
Welcome to a free reading from Washington History: Magazine of the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. As we chose this week’s reading, news stories continued to swirl about commemorative statues, plaques, street names, and institutional names that amplify white supremacy in America and in DC. We note, as the Historical Society fulfills its mission of offering thoughtful, researched context for today’s issues, that a key influence on the history of commemoration has come to the surface: the quiet, ladylike (in the anachronistic sense) role of promoters of the southern “Lost Cause” school of Civil War interpretation. Historian Michael Chornesky details how federal officials fended off southern supremacists (posing as preservationists) on how to interpret Arlington House, home of George Washington’s adopted family and eventually of Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. “Confederate Island upon the Union’s ‘Most Hallowed Ground’: The Battle to Interpret Arlington House, 1921–1937,” by Michael B. Chornesky. “Confederate Island” first appeared in Washington History 27-1 (spring 2015), © Historical Society of Washington, D.C. Access via JSTOR* to the entire run of Washington History and its predecessor, Records of the Columbia Historical Society, is a benefit of membership in the Historical Society of Washington, D.C. at the Membership Plus level. Copies of this and many other back issues of Washington History magazine are available for browsing and purchase online through the DC History Center Store: https://dchistory.z2systems.com/np/clients/dchistory/giftstore.jsp ABOUT THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. The Historical Society of Washington, D.C., is a non-profit, 501(c)(3), community-supported educational and research organization that collects, interprets, and shares the history of our nation's capital in order to promote a sense of identity, place and pride in our city and preserve its heritage for future generations. -
Something to Celebrate
Washingto Pn ap ers WINTER 2017 Something to Celebrate Mary Wigge , researCh editor June represents a month of beginnings for us at The Washington 25 years old. We have yet to find any documents before that time Papers. Martha Washington was born on June 2, 1731—her frame. This discovery will require us to examine, in greater depth, birthday is always an occasion for celebration. We also recognize her parents and siblings; the history of New Kent County, where the creation of the Martha Washington Papers project in that she spent her youth; and women’s history in colonial Virginia. month. So on June 30, 2016, we met Researching these topics will provide to review our progress over the past us a greater understanding of Martha’s year and to discuss how we will proceed. childhood and her surroundings, as well as her idea of women’s roles in Our first year has been one of the household. exploration and discovery. We reached out to over 2,600 repositories, scouring The document search is just the begin - every possible archive that might house ning. Transcription, research and anno - a Martha Washington document. tation, and publication are equally We found approximately 550 letters to important in documentary editing. We and from Martha, around 130 of are now rolling ahead with transcrip - which have never before been published. tion and proofreading the document images. As we continue transcribing, we Many of the documents are located at will begin preliminary research on the major institutions—the Library of Chestnut Grove, individuals, places, and topics that sur - Congress, the Virginia Historical the birthplace and childhood home of Martha Washington. -
The Death of Martha Washington
Name _______________ Class _____ Date ______ The Death of Martha Washington BACKGROUND Martha Washington passed away at Mount Vernon on May 22, 1802 at the age of 70 following an illness that lasted several weeks. At the time of her death she was surrounded by her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Newspapers around the country eulogized her as “the worthy partner of the worthiest of men.” This obituary appeared in the Augusta Herald, published in Georgia, on June 9, 1802. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Source: Martha Washington’s Obituary from the Augusta Herald, Augusta, Georgia, June 9, 1802. (Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association) Life Guard Teacher Fellowship Created Materials mountvernon.org George Washington Teacher Institute VOCABULARY eulogy: a formal speech that praises a person who has died Part 1: Contextualizing the Source 1. When was this source created? ____________________________ Who created it? ___________________ 2. Who is this document about? _________________________________________________________________ 3a. Is this a primary or secondary source? Explain your thinking. _______________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 3b. What type of source is this? _________________________________________________________________ -
Who Was George Washington?
Book Notes: Reading in the Time of Coronavirus By Jefferson Scholar-in-Residence Dr. Andrew Roth Who was George Washington? ** What could be controversial about George Washington? Well, you might be surprised. The recently issued 1776 Project Report [1] describes him as a peerless hero of American freedom while the San Francisco Board of Education just erased his name from school buildings because he was a slave owner and had, shall we say, a troubled relationship with native Americans. [2] Which view is true? The 1776 Project’s view, which The Heritage Foundation called “a celebration of America,” [3] or the San Francisco Board of Education’s? [4] This is only the most recent skirmish in “the history wars,” which, whether from the political right’s attempt to whitewash American history as an ever more glorious ascent or the “woke” left’s attempt to reveal every blemish, every wrong ever done in America’s name, are a political struggle for control of America’s past in order to control its future. Both competing politically correct “isms” fail to see the American story’s rich weave of human aspiration as imperfect people seek to create a more perfect union. To say they never stumble, to say they never fall short of their ideals is one sort of lie; to say they are mere hypocrites who frequently betray the very ideals they preach is another sort of lie. In reality, Americans are both – they are idealists who seek to bring forth upon this continent, in Lincoln’s phrase, “government of the people, by the people, for the people” while on many occasions tripping over themselves and falling short. -
Social Life in the Early Republic: a Machine-Readable Transcription
Library of Congress Social life in the early republic vii PREFACE peared to them, or recall the quaint figures of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and Mrs. Madison in old age, or the younger faces of Cora Livingston, Adèle Cutts, Mrs. Gardiner G. Howland, and Madame de Potestad. To those who have aided her with personal recollections or valuable family papers and letters the author makes grateful acknowledgment, her thanks being especially due to Mrs. Samuel Phillips Lee, Mrs. Beverly Kennon, Mrs. M. E. Donelson Wilcox, Miss Virginia Mason, Mr. James Nourse and the Misses Nourse of the Highlands, to Mrs. Robert K. Stone, Miss Fanny Lee Jones, Mrs. Semple, Mrs. Julia F. Snow, Mr. J. Henley Smith, Mrs. Thompson H. Alexander, Miss Rosa Mordecai, Mrs. Harriot Stoddert Turner, Miss Caroline Miller, Mrs. T. Skipwith Coles, Dr. James Dudley Morgan, and Mr. Charles Washington Coleman. A. H. W. Philadelphia, October, 1902. ix CONTENTS Chapter Page I— A Social Evolution 13 II— A Predestined Capital 42 Social life in the early republic http://www.loc.gov/resource/lhbcb.29033 Library of Congress III— Homes and Hostelries 58 IV— County Families 78 V— Jeffersonian Simplicity 102 VI— A Queen of Hearts 131 VII— The Bladensburg Races 161 VII— Peace and Plenty 179 IX— Classics and Cotillions 208 X— A Ladies' Battle 236 XI— Through Several Administrations 267 XII— Mid-Century Gayeties 296 xi ILLUSTRATIONS Page Mrs. Richard Gittings, of Baltimore (Polly Sterett) Frontispiece From portrait by Charles Willson Peale, owned by her great-grandson, Mr. D. Sterett Gittings, of Baltimore. Mrs. Gittings eyes are dark brown, the hair dark brown, with lighter shades through it; the gown of delicate pink, the sleeves caught up with pearls, the sash of a gray shade. -
Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves
W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1993 Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves Mary Geraghty College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the African American Studies Commons, African History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Geraghty, Mary, "Domestic Management of Woodlawn Plantation: Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis and Her Slaves" (1993). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539625788. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-jk5k-gf34 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DOMESTIC MANAGEMENT OF WOODLAWN PLANTATION: ELEANOR PARKE CUSTIS LEWIS AND HER SLAVES A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of American Studies The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Mary Geraghty 1993 APPROVAL SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts -Ln 'ln ixi ;y&Ya.4iistnh A uthor Approved, December 1993 irk. a Bar hiara Carson Vanessa Patrick Colonial Williamsburg /? Jafhes Whittenburg / Department of -
WOODLAWN Other Name/Site Number
NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARK NOMINATION NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMBNo. 1024-0018 WOODLAWN Page 1 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 1. NAME OF PROPERTY Historic Name: WOODLAWN Other Name/Site Number: 2. LOCATION Street & Number: 9000 Richmond Highway Not for publication: N/A City/Town: Alexandria Vicinity: X State: Virginia County: Fairfax Code: 059 Zip Code: 22309 3. CLASSIFICATION Ownership of Property Category of Property Private: X Building(s): _ Public-Local: _ District: X Public-State: _ Site: _ Public-Federal: Structure: _ Object:_ Number of Resources within Property Contributing Noncontributing 3 4 buildings 1 _ sites _ structures _ objects 4 Total Number of Contributing Resources Previously Listed in the National Register: 6 Name of Related Multiple Property Listing: NPS Form 10-900 USDI/NPS NRHP Registration Form (Rev. 8-86) OMB No. 1024-0018 WOODLAWN Page 2 United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service_____________________________________National Register of Historic Places Registration Form 4. STATE/FEDERAL AGENCY CERTIFICATION As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this __ nomination __ request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register Criteria. Signature of Certifying Official Date State or Federal Agency and Bureau In my opinion, the property __ meets __ does not meet the National Register criteria. -
Mrs. General Lee's Attempts to Regain Her Possessions After the Cnil War
MRS. GENERAL LEE'S ATTEMPTS TO REGAIN HER POSSESSIONS AFTER THE CNIL WAR By RUTH PRESTON ROSE When Mary Custis Lee, the wife of Robert E. Lee, left Arlington House in May of 1861, she removed only a few of her more valuable possessions, not knowing that she would never return to live in the house which had been home to her since her birth in 1808. The Federal Army moved onto Mrs. Lee's Arling ton estate on May 25, 1861. The house was used as army headquarters during part of the war and the grounds immediately around the house became a nation al cemetery in 1864. Because of strong anti-confederate sentiment after the war, there was no possibility of Mrs. Lee's regaining possession of her home. Restora tion of the furnishings of the house was complicated by the fact that some articles had been sent to the Patent Office where they were placed on display. Mary Anna Randolph Custis was the only surviving child of George Washing ton Parke Custis and Mary Lee Fitzhugh. Her father was the grandson of Martha Custis Washington and had been adopted by George Washington when his father, John Custis, died during the Revolutionary War. The child was brought up during the glorious days of the new republic, living with his adopted father in New York and Philadelphia during the first President's years in office and remaining with the Washingtons during their last years at Mount Vernon. In 1802, after the death of Martha Washington, young Custis started building Arlington House on a hill overlooking the new city of Washington. -
Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through His Life at Arlington House
University of New Hampshire University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository Master's Theses and Capstones Student Scholarship Fall 2020 The House That Built Lee: Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House Cecilia Paquette University of New Hampshire, Durham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis Recommended Citation Paquette, Cecilia, "The House That Built Lee: Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House" (2020). Master's Theses and Capstones. 1393. https://scholars.unh.edu/thesis/1393 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses and Capstones by an authorized administrator of University of New Hampshire Scholars' Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE HOUSE THAT BUILT LEE Reinterpreting Robert E. Lee Through his Life at Arlington House BY CECILIA PAQUETTE BA, University of Massachusetts, Boston, 2017 BFA, Massachusetts College of Art and Design, 2014 THESIS Submitted to the University of New Hampshire in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in History September, 2020 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED © 2020 Cecilia Paquette ii This thesis was examined and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in History by: Thesis Director, Jason Sokol, Associate Professor, History Jessica Lepler, Associate Professor, History Kimberly Alexander, Lecturer, History On August 14, 2020 Approval signatures are on file with the University of New Hampshire Graduate School. !iii to Joseph, for being my home !iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank my advisory committee at the University of New Hampshire. -
Nomination Form
Fnnw 10-300 UNITE0 STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STATE: (July 1969) NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Virginia COUNTY. NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES Northampton INVENTORY - NOMlNATlON FORM FOR NPS USE ONLY ENTRY NUMBER OATE (Type all entries - complete applicable sections) Cus tis Tombs ANOfOR HISTORIC: 1 Custis cemetery at Arlington l2. LOCATION ,, . ...,, . A A A .. ,A A,>,,. ..-.>. , ,. 5TREET ANC~~~~~~:South bank of Old Plantation Creek, .I mi. W of northern end of Rt. 644, 1.3 mi. NW of intersection of Rt. 644 and Rt, 645. Cl T V OR TOWN: STATE COUNTY' COOE - -... Yi-n la . 4 5 Northampton 131 I .' . CLASSIFICATION . ,. , . A,> : , ,% CATEGORY ACCESSIBLE OWNERSHIP STATUS (Check One) --TO THE PU8LIC District a Bullding [7 Public Publlc Acquisition: Occuplad Yes: Restricted Site 0 Struclvre P"~afe IJ In Process Unoccupied a a Unrestrictrd 0 Oblect C] Both 0 Being Conrldsred Prsssrvo~lonwork In progress 0 No I PRESEN T USE (Check Ona or More os Approptlele) I Govsrnmenb Park 0 Tlonrportation 0Comments 0 Private Rerldanco Other (~paclty) George F. Parsons STREET AND NUMBER: Arlington CITY OR TOWN: I STATF: 1 I EGISTRY OF DEEDS ETC' CI TY OR TOWN. STATE Jast3LiL. .-- EREPRESENTATION-.-IN EXISTING ,. SURVEYS (TITLE OF SURVEY- m -I Virginia Historic Landmarks Commission Report #65-1 D 4 DATE OF SURVEY: 1968 Federal a Stote County G Local Z DEPOSITORY FOR SUR VEV RECORDS: C Virginia Historic Landmarks CornmissLon STREET AND NUMBER: Room 1116, Ninth Street State Office CITY OR TOWN: Richmond I ~ir~inia 4 5 1 . AA,,., . ... - -<;;'', ,. ,- - . bE5CRIPTlbN *I.. I , , k. *,.. .. ~ I . ..A (Check One) Excellent Good Cj Fair a Detetiorclted 0 Rulnr 0 Unezposad CONDITION (Check One) (Check One) 0 Altered Unaltered IJ Mwed Original Site OESCRlBE THE PRESENT AN0 ORIGINAL (If known) PHYSICAL APPElRANCE Although there probably are more graves in the immediate area, visual evidence of the Custis family buriaL ground consists of two tombs surrounded by a poured concrete platform raised a few inches above ground Level. -
Lee Mansion NATIONAL MEMORIAL
Lee Mansion NATIONAL MEMORIAL Arlington National Cemete ry VIRGINIA by a wide central hall. A large formal Mount Vernon. The view from the por seven Lee children were born here. By drawing room with two fine marble fire tico he pronounced unrivaled, entreating the will of George Washington Parke Cus places lies south of this hall, while to the Mrs. Custis never to sacrifice any of the tis, who died in 1857, the estate of Arling north of it can be seen the family dining fine trees. General Lafayette returned ton was bequeathed to his daughter for Lee Mansion National Memorial room and family parlor separated by a again to Arlington House in 1825 as the her lifetime, and afterward to his eldest north and south partition broken by three guest of the Custises for several weeks. grandson and namesake, George Washing graceful arches. The second story is also ton Custis Lee. divided by a central hall on either side of Lt. Robert E. Lee's Marriage Never a thrifty farmer and an easygoing In this Mansion, which became his home when he married Mary which there are two bedrooms and accom Custis, Robert E. Lee wrote his resignation from the United States master, requiring little of his slaves, Mr. panying dressing rooms. A small room On June 30, 1831, Mary Ann Randolph Army in April 1861, to join the cause of Virginia and the South. Custis' death found the Arlington planta Custis, only child of the Custis family at used as a linen closet is at the end of this tion sadly run down. -
Rehabilitation of Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial South
Rehabilitation of Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial South Dependency/Slave Quarters - Discovery of a Subfloor Storage Pit Shrine Supplementary Section 106 Archeological Investigations Related to the 2017-2020 Rehabilitation Program George Washington Memorial Parkway Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial Arlington County, Virginia Matthew R. Virta, Cultural Resources Program Manager National Park Service - George Washington Memorial Parkway 2021 Cover Graphics (clockwise from upper left): Fireplace and Subfloor Pit Location, South Dependency West Room Slave Quarters, Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial – NPS Photograph by B. Krueger 2019 adapted by M. Virta, National Park Service-George Washington Memorial Parkway Drawing of Previous Archeological Excavations Showing Fireplace and Subfloor Pit Excavation Unit Illustrating Positioning of Bottles Discovered, South Dependency West Room Slave Quarters, Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial – NPS Drawing by M. Virta 2020, National Park Service-George Washington Memorial Parkway, based on Louis Berger Group, Inc. drawing and B. Krueger illustration Selina and Thornton Gray – from National Park Service Museum Management Program Exhibit, https://www.nps.gov/museum/exhibits/arho/index.html Elevation Drawings of South Dependency/Slave Quarters, Arlington House, The Robert E. Lee Memorial – National Park Service Historic American Building Survey Collections HABS VA 443A; https://www.loc.gov/item/va1924/. Rehabilitation of Arlington House, the Robert E. Lee Memorial South Dependency/Slave Quarters - Discovery of a Subfloor Storage Pit Shrine Supplementary Section 106 Archeological Investigations Related to the 2017-2020 Rehabilitation Program Virginia Department of Historic Resources File # 2015-1056 Archeological Site # 44AR0017 George Washington Memorial Parkway Arlington House, the Robert E.