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KONGERÆKKEN Ånder, Guder & Faraoner Erik Ansvang

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KONGERÆKKEN Ånder, Guder & Faraoner Erik Ansvang 1 KONGERÆKKEN Ånder, Guder & Faraoner Erik Ansvang www.visdomsnettet.dk 2 KONGERÆKKEN Ånder, Guder & Faraoner “Guderne vandrede på Jorden” De egyptiske legender fortæller om en fjern fortid, hvor “guderne vandrede på Jor- den”. Åndsvidenskaben oplyser, at de gamle egyptere her fortæller om en tid, hvor mestrene − højt åndeligt udviklede mennesker − var fysisk til stede blandt men- nesker, og at det var deres víse ledelse, der løftede Egyptens kultur og civilisation til imponerende højder. Disse visdommens mestre var mennesker, der var nået så langt i deres udvikling, at de havde frigjort sig fra reinkarnationens nødvendighed. De var frivilligt til stede i den fysiske verden, og de var ikke tvunget til at dø og forlade det fysiske legeme efter et kort fysisk liv, men de var i stand til at bevare deres legemer i årtusinder, for en mester mestrer stoffet i kraft af sin bevidsthed. Kongelisten fra Ny Rige Egyptologerne afviser næsten instinktivt disse hypoteser, men i Torino-museet findes faktisk en kongeliste fra Ny Rige skrevet på papyrus, som bekræfter ånds- videnskabens oplysning. Oprindeligt var der opført omkring 300 kongenavne på denne kongeliste, og målet for den, der har samlet navnene på listen, er tydeligvis fuldkommenhed. Tilsyneladende er ingen konge udeladt − ikke engang de mindst vigtige. Selv de palæstinensiske konger, der på et tidspunkt dannede Hyksos- dynastiet, er inkluderet, på trods af at de i virkeligheden ikke fortjente at have deres navne nævnt i dette selskab. De blev givetvis taget med af hensyn til målet: Fuldstændighed. Ved hver konge er den nøjagtige regeringsperiode noteret − nogle gange på det nøjagtige antal dage. 3 Ånder, guder og faraoner I dag regner egyptologerne med, at den første egyptiske konge var Menes, men umiddelbart før Menes er der adskillige linjer, som opsummerer kollektive dyna- stier af “ånder”. “Ånderne” har ikke individuelle navne − og før dem er der igen en gruppe “guder”. “Guderne” har alle et navn, og hvert navn er skrevet ind i en navnekartouche på samme måde som kongernes, og ved hver enkelt er regeringsperiodens nøjagtige længde omhyggeligt noteret. Eksempelvis vises visdomsguden Tehuti (grækerne kaldte ham Thoth) som konge, og den præcise længde på Tehutis regering er angivet til 7.726 år. Der er selvfølgelig ikke tale om guder i nutidens forstand, men om guddommeliggjorte mennesker − dvs. mestre. Papyrusteksten er dermed en bekræftelse på de åndsvidenskabelige informationer, og den dokumenterer egypternes oplysning om, at “guderne vandrede på Jorden”. På grund af Egyptens meget lange historie er rækken af faraoner og konger usæd- vanlig lang. 4 KONGELISTEN Egyptens faraoner Tidlige dynastier 1. dynasti (2920-2770) Egyptologerne ved meget lidt om faraonerne fra de tidligste dynastier. Til gengæld hører deres monumenter til de bedst undersøgte kunstværker i verden. • Menes (Aha) • Djer • Wadj • Den (Udimu) • Anendjib • Semerkhet • Kaa 2. dynasti (2770-2650) • Hetepsekhemwy • Reneb • Ninetjer • Peribsen • Khasekhemwy Menes 5 Gamle Rige Egyptologerne kalder denne periode for “pyramidealderen”. Man gætter nemlig på, at pyramiderne ved Giza og Dashur blev bygget som gravmonumenter i denne periode, men åndsvidenskaben påstår, at pyramiderne er langt ældre, og at de blev benyttet til indvielser. 3. dynasti • Sanakhte (Nebka) 2650-2630 • Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630-2611 • Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) 2611-2603 • Khaba 2603-2599 • Huni 2599-2575 4. dynasti • Snofru 2575-2551 • Khufu (Cheops) 2551-2528 • Radjedef 2528-2520 • Khafra (Chephren) 2520-2494 • Menkaura (Mycerinus) 2490-2472 • Shepseskaf 2472-2467 5. dynasti • Userkaf 2465-2458 • Sahure 2458-2446 • Neferirkare Kakai 2446-2426 • Shepseskare Ini 2426-2419 • Raneferef 2419-2416 • Niuserre Izi 2416-2392 • Menkauhor 2396-2388 • Djedkare Izezi 2388-2356 Khafra • Wenis 2356-2323 6 6. dynasti • Teti 2323-2291 • Pepi I (Meryre) 2289-2255 • Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2255-2246 • Pepi II (Neferkare) 2246-2152 Teti-pyramidens sarkofagrum med pyramidetekster 7 Mellemste Rige Denne periode var kendetegnet af omfattende handel med udlandet og enorme byggeprojekter (billedet: Rekonstruktion af Mentuhoteps tempel i Theben). Smykke- fremstillingen blev forædlet. Voksende velstand og stadig fornyelse stod på i en lang periode − men muligvis begyndte interne problemer at vise sig i Mellemste Rige. 11. dynasti • Mentuhotep II (Nebhepetre) 1986-1956 • Mentuhotep III (Sankhkare) 1956-1944 • Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1944-1937 12. dynasti • Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) 1937-1908 • Senwosret I (Kheperkare) 1917-1872 • Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) 1875-1840 • Senwosret II (Khakheperre) 1842-1836 • Senwosret III (Khakaure) 1836-1817 • Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) 1817-1772 • Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) 1772-1763 • Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763-1759 Mentuhotep II 8 Anden Mellemtid Hyksos-konger fra Palæstina invaderer og erobrer Egypten. Det var sandsynligvis Egyptens thebanske prinser, der genvandt magten, og det var Kamose, der ned- kæmpede Hyksos-kongerne. 13. dynasti 21 faraoner i 63 år og herefter ... • Neferhotep I 1696-1686 • Sihathor 1685-1685 • Sobekhotep IV 1685-1678 • Sobekhotep V 1678-1674 • Iaib 1674-1664 • Ay 1664-1641 • 9 faraoner i cirka 20 år 14. dynasti 15. dynasti • Salitis • Bnon • Apachnan (Khian) • Apophis (Auserre Apepi) • Khamudi 16. dynasti 17. dynasti • Tao I (Senakhtenre) • Tao II (Sekenenre) • Kamose (Wadjkheperre) Neferhotep I 9 Ny Rige Ekstrem velstand og fornyelse inden for kunst og byggeprojekter markerer begyn- delsen af denne periode. Ved slutningen af 19. dynasti undergraver det korrupte præsteskabs tiltagende magt landets ledelse. Det 20. dynastis grave blev plyndret. Præsteskab blev gjort arveligt, og præsterne begyndte at overtage magten. Landets ledelse brød til sidst sammen. 18. dynasti • Ahmose (Nebpehtyre) 1539-1514 • Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) 1514-1493 • Tutmosis I (Akheperkare) 1493-1481 • Tutmosis II (Akheperenre) 1481-1479 • Hatshepsut (Maatkare) 1473-1458 • Tutmosis III (Menkheperre) 1479-1425 • Amenhotep II (Akheperure) 1427-1392 • Tutmosis IV (Menkheperure) 1392-1382 • Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) 1382-1344 • Amenhotep IV / Akhenaton 1352-1336 • Neferneferuaten 1341-1337 • Smenkhkare (Ankhkheperure) 1337-1336 • Tutankhamun (Nebkheperure) 1336-1327 • Ay (Kheperkheperure) 1327-1323 Hatshepsut • Horemheb (Djeserkheperure) 1323-1295 10 19. dynasti • Ramses I (Menpehtyre) 1295-1294 • Seti I (Menmaatre) 1394-1279 • Ramses II (Usermaatresetepenre) 1279-1213 • Merenptah (Baenrehotephirmaat) 1213-1203 • Amenmesse (Menmire) 1203-1200 • Seti II (Userkheperuresetepenre) 1200-1194 • Siptah (Akhenresetepenre) 1194-1188 • Tausert (Sitremeritamun) 1188-1186 20. dynasti • Setakht (Userkhauremeryamun) 1186-1184 • Ramses III (Usermaatremeryamun) 1184-1153 • Ramses IV (Hekamaatresetepenamun) 1153-1147 • Ramses V (Usermaatresekheperenre) 1147-1143 • Ramses VI (Nebmaatremeryamun) 1143-1136 • Ramses VII (Usermaatresetepenre) 1136-1129 • Ramses VIII (Usermaatreakhenamun) 1129-1126 • Ramses IX (Neferkaresetepenre) 1126-1108 • Ramses X (Khepermaatresetepenre) 1108-1099 • Ramses XI (Menmaatresetepenptah) 1099-1069 Ramses II 11 Tredje Mellemtid Hovedstaden flyttes fra Tanis til Libyen − og til Nubien − og til Theben (nutidens Luxor) − og til Sais − og herefter tilbage til Nubien og Theben. 21. dynasti • Smedes 1070-1044 • Amenemnisu 1040 • Psusennes I 1040-992 • Amenope 993-984 • Osochor 984-978 • Siamun 978-959 • Psusennes II 959-945 22. dynasti • Shoshenq I 945-924 • Osorkon I 924-909 • Takelot 909--? • Shoshenq II ?--883 • Osorkon II 883-855 • Takelot II 860-835 • Shoshenq III 835-783 • Pami 783-773 • Shoshenq IV 773-735 • Osorkon IV 735-712 23. dynasti • Pedubaste I 828-803 • Osorkon IV 777-749 • Peftjauwybast 740-725 Osorkon 24. dynasti • Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720 • Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715 12 Sentiden Nubien falder under en invasion fra Assyrien. Grækerne hjælper med at genskabe orden i landet. En “fornyelse” i kunsten i 25. dynasti er reelt en tilbagevenden til stilen fra Gamle Rige. 25. dynasti • Shebaka 712-698 • Shebitku 698-690 • Taharqa 690-664 • Tantamani 664-657 26. dynasti • Psammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610 • Psammetichus II 610-595 • Apries 589-570 • Amasis 570-526 • Psammetichus III 526-525 27. dynasti • Cambyses 525-522 • Darius I 521-486 • Xerxes I 486-466 • Artaxerxes I 465-424 Taharqa • Darius II 424-404 13 28. dynasti 29. dynasti • Nepherites I 399-393 • Psammuthis 393 • Hakoris 393-380 • Nepherites II 380 30. dynasti I 30. dynasti har man de sidste egyptisk-fødte faraoner. • Nectanebo I 380-362 • Teos 365-360 • Nectanebo II 360-343 Nectanebo I 14 Anden persiske periode (343-332 B.C.) 31. dynasti Dette dynasti er også kendt som “den anden persiske periode”, og dynastiet blev tilføjet efter at Manetho skabte sin kongeliste. • Ochus (Artaxerxes III) 343-338 • Arses 338-336 • Darius III Codomannus 335-332 Alexander den Store Græsk-Romansk periode (332 B.C.-395 A.D.) Makedoniske konger − Alexandria • Alexander den Store 332-323 • Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316 • Alexander IV 316-304 15 Ptolemæisk dynasti Cleopatra VII Denne periode er ret uoverskuelig på grund af de mange samregeringer. Forskerne er ikke enige om regeringsperiodernes rækkefølge fra Ptolemæ VI til Ptolemæ XI. Dog var Egyptens autoritet og velfærd intakt indtil Cleopatras død, hvorefter Egypten blev underlagt Romerriget. • Ptolemæ I Scoter I 323-285 • Ptolemæ II Philadelphus 282-246 • Ptolemæ III Euergetes I 246-222 • Ptolemæ IV Philopator 222-205 • Ptolemæ V Epiphanes 205-180 • Ptolemæ VI Philometor 180-164 & 163-145 • Ptolemæ VII Neos Philopator 145 • Ptolemæ VIII Euergetes
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