THE LOST ARMY OF CAMBYSES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK

Paul Sussman | 592 pages | 05 Jun 2006 | Transworld Publishers Ltd | 9780553818031 | English | London, United Kingdom Cambyses’ Lost Army and the Physics of Sandstorms - Scientific American Blog Network

The incumbent pharaoh of Egypt was Amasis II , who had been ruling since Another former ally of Amasis II, the Carian military leader Phanes of Halicarnassus , had also joined Cambyses after escaping assassins sent by the pharaoh. He had essentially laid the foundations to the Persian navy, which was crucial to his ambitions to conquer Egypt. The navy was created by men and equipment from Phoenicia and Asia Minor. During his march to Egypt, Cambyses made a treaty with the Arabs , who controlled the desert area between Gaza and the Egyptian frontier. This treaty granted Cambyses sufficient water to arrive to the Nile. In BC, Cambyses finally invaded Egypt; in the spring of the same year, the Persian and Egyptian forces clashed at Pelusium , where the Persians emerged victorious. Despite the considerable resistance put by the pharaoh, Cambyses captured Memphis, and established a Persian-Egyptian garrison there. The length of the siege is not specified by the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus. The Libyans, and soon the Greeks of Cyrene and Barca as well, willingly acknowledged the authority of Cambyses, and as proof of their submission, sent offerings to Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Cambyses' campaigns against Amnion and Ethiopia ended catastrophically. In accordance with the traditional Egyptian royal custom, Cambyses took the titles of "king of Upper and Lower Egypt" and "descendant of the gods Ra , Horus , Osiris ," used by the previous Egyptian pharaohs. Cambyses used propaganda to show his Egyptian conquest as a legitimate unification with the native Egyptians, and that he was himself of Egyptian descent, claiming to be the son of Princess Nitetis, a daughter of the pharaoh Apries. At Sais , Cambyses had himself crowned in the temple of the goddess Neith under a religious ritual, where he made sacrifices to the Egyptian gods. According to ancient historians, Cambyses' rule of Egypt was marked by brutality, looting temples, ridiculing the local gods, and defilement of the royal tombs. The epitaph of the Apis buried in BC, states the following: [15]. A legend on the sarcophagus also says the following: [15]. This thus debunks Cambyses' supposed killing of the Apis, and according to Briant, proves that Herodotus documented bogus reports. Only the three main temples were given permission to maintain all their entitlements. Although a tax system existed both during the reign of both Cyrus and Cambyses, it was not a systematic one, and thus the subjects of the king were either obligated to give gifts, or pay taxes. Likewise, the imperial treasurer in Babylon, Mithradata, was also from a Persian family. Indeed, the retinue of Cambyses in Egypt was composed solely of Persians. Important offices centered around the king was also occupied by the Persians, as in the case of Prexaspes, who served as the "message-bearer" of Cambyses, and Sisamnes , who was the royal judge, and later executed by Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Cambyses was labelled "despot" by the Persians due to being "half-mad, cruel, and insolent". However, this is part of the Persian and Egyptian propaganda used against Cambyses. Indeed, due to Cambyses' proneness to consolidate authority by himself, the Persian tribal nobility were antagonistic towards him. In Achaemenid Persia, marriages between family members, such as half-siblings, nieces, and cousins took place, however, they were not seen as incestuous. Greek sources, however, state that allegedly brother-sister and father-daughter marriages took place inside the royal family, yet it remains problematic to measure their accuracy. However, Herodotus himself also states that Cambyses married Otanes ' daughter Phaidyme, whilst his contemporary Ctesias names Roxane as Cambyses' wife, but she is not labelled as his sister. The accusations against of Cambyses of committing incest is mentioned as part of his "blasphemous actions", which were mentioned to point out his "madness and vanity". These reports all derive from the same Egyptian source that was antagonistic towards Cambyses, and some of these "crimes", such as the killing of the Apis bull , have been confirmed as fake, which thus makes the report of Cambyses' supposed incestious acts questionable. However Cambyses died shortly after under disputed circumstances. By most accounts, while Cambyses was en route in Syria Eber-Nari , he received a wound to the thigh, which was soon affected by gangrene. Herodotus and Ctesias ascribe his death to an accident. Ctesias writes that Cambyses, despondent from the loss of family members, stabbed himself in the thigh while working with a piece of wood, and died eleven days later from the wound. Herodotus' story is that while mounting his horse, the tip of Cambyses' scabbard broke and his sword pierced his thigh. Some modern historians suspect that Cambyses was assassinated, either by Darius as the first step to usurping the empire for himself, or by supporters of Bardiya. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire. King of Kings. Cambyses left, kneeling as pharaoh while worshipping an Apis bull BC. The man really loves Egypt, his description of Cairo, where I live, is great. BUT I really was not comfortable with the dialogue between Egyptian's. I really felt that it was somehow American. The suspense in the story wasn't killing me, not really his best work. I read The last secret of the temple before, but in Arabic though, I think that the suspense in the last secret was much better. But the high rating comes from his loving of Egypt and the great description there, also the ideas of all those Islamic extremists, the names really was not even familiar to me, I don't want to spoil it : Read it It would be a fun and fast read, a real page turner indeed. The Lost Army of Cambyses refers to a claim made by the Greek historian Herodotus about an army the Persian king sent to conquer the Ammonians in the Libyan desert. NB: Actually recent archaeological evidence seems to confirm Herodotus' tale. The book Lost Army begins with a wonderful scene positing the disastrous end of this army and then moves quickly to the modern day search for this trove of ancient artifacts. There are several mysteries, a rogue archaeologist, and even some terrorists. But t The Lost Army of Cambyses refers to a claim made by the Greek historian Herodotus about an army the Persian king sent to conquer the Ammonians in the Libyan desert. But the best character is the simple Egyptian detective from Luxor - a frustrated archaeological student himself - who quietly and efficiently pursues the case. The book does a nice job bringing modern Egypt - an Egypt that extends beyond the tourist sites - alive. The mystery about a missing father and so forth are less compelling than the detective's story, but still makes for a good read. Apr 14, James rated it it was amazing. Jul 09, RumBelle rated it really liked it Shelves: favorites , thriller. I read this book for the first time in , but forgot about this series. I decided to start it from the beginning again, and was very glad I did. My primary reasons for loving this book are not only that I enjoy historical thrillers, modern day people researching, or looking for, historical items or sights, but also the heavy Egyptian elements. Ancient Egypt has always been one of my favorite historical periods, and I thoroughly enjoy both fiction and non-fiction books related to it. Yusuf Kha I read this book for the first time in , but forgot about this series. Yusuf Khalifa is a very intriguing Inspector as well. I enjoyed how much he uses his environment, and the people he knows, to help him puzzle out crimes. He has convictions, and is not afraid to voice them, and argue for them when he believes he is right. Khalifa is also very human, he treats people with respect and kindness. Tara, I have to say, annoyed me overall, mostly having to do with her attitude toward Daniel and her extreme surprise at the end of the book. I could not understand how she could be have so foolishly, then be shocked by the outcome. She had some brave moments, but, for the most part, she seemed like a very silly character. Daniel was predictable, we saw what type of person he was in the beginning and to expect different would have been ridiculous as a reader. The Egyptian, and other historical elements are what made this book so enjoyable to me. Being exposed to all of that, wrapped up in a mysterious thriller, was what made this book highly entertaining. The end, with relation to this aspect of the book was wonderfully done. I look forward to more cases with Khalifa. Apr 05, David Usharauli rated it liked it Shelves: persian-empire , ancient-egypt , archeology. This is another historical detective set in modern day Egypt. When I started reading it I thought it was one of Will Adams' books. It had a very similar opening as in Adams' "The Alexander cipher" I reviewed few weeks back in reality, it is likely Adams borrowed book "structure" from Sussman as latter's book was published at earlier date. Anyone who is into ancient history may know about the army of Persian King Cambyses lost in a desert storm following successful campaign to conquer the ancie This is another historical detective set in modern day Egypt. Anyone who is into ancient history may know about the army of Persian King Cambyses lost in a desert storm following successful campaign to conquer the ancient Egypt in 6th century BC. When a fiction novel is about subject known to be inaccessible in reality one can immediately assume that by the time of its ending it should return to status quo. Indeed, this novel describes a rare, once in a life time archeological discovery of the lost Army and in the end the Army is lost again. The novel is a typical mystery detective story but the ending is actually very surprising and quite unexpecting. The author had written himself into a corner, placing hte heroes in an impossible to escape from situation - except now he had to find a way for them to escape! Enter Deus Ex Machina! Not once, but twice. A shame because it ultimately weakens character that had been resourceful under difficult circumstances thru out the entire story, reducing them to puppets blown around by forces that really should've destroyed them - except for that darned convenient divine intervention! Still, I see a lot of promise, in Inspector Yusuf Khalifa. The novel creates an interesting, fully fleshed character, in an Egyptian culture foreign and fascinating. I'm looking for the next novel in the series, I just hope it ends better than this one. This review has been hidden because it contains spoilers. To view it, click here. I really struggled with the ending of this book. It had all the components of a great adventure story. A few scenes were predicable and seemed a bit forced, but the beginning of the ending was interesting up until the stand storm and sand opening up for the two protagonists to walk back into their lives happily ever after. I'm all for happy endings, but this seemed so rushed and disjointed. Had the ending wrapped up differently with the same character development, I'd probably rate this book dif I really struggled with the ending of this book. Had the ending wrapped up differently with the same character development, I'd probably rate this book differently. Nov 07, M. Ashraf rated it really liked it. The Lost Army of Cambyses An impressive first work, very well researched, great thriller and I didn't see that ending coming, I liked the twists at the end. I think he nailed the lingo :p in his work with the curses and swears :p which indicate that he stayed here a lot :p An interesting villain with a mystery and great beginning and reveal at the end. Did not like the Protagonist that much though! Intend to finish the trilogy. Jun 12, Alison Adams rated it liked it. While I ended up completely skimming the last pages, it was an entertaining enough quarantine read for the first half. Overall the novel does NOT need to be this long, for what is essentially the Raiders of the Lost Arc storyline, if it had been written by an Egyptologist. I'm giving it 3 stars because the author's knowledge of the country is so impressive and at times made me feel like I was right back there, and I love Egypt. Too repetitive of a story, though, unfortunately. Sep 06, Fiona rated it really liked it Shelves: adventure. There are a lot of mixed reviews for this book, but personally I enjoyed it. The author lacks a lot of atmosphere into the story, showing his inside knowledge of the area. The story was a great adventure with enough twists to keep me interested. I'm glad I came across a review for this book, and iv e already bought the authors other two books. Sadly he has died since. First book that I read by this author and the first book in this series involving detective Yusef Khalifa from Egypt. Good blend of archeology and detective work, good portrayal of culture in that region as well as typical diplomatic interference! Very thought provoking at times as to what the Western World has taken from Egypt and what little it has given back. Will be reading book 2! Feb 03, Mel Horne rated it it was ok Shelves: adventure. Well I really thought I would enjoy this and it started well, but I found myself drifting off. The characters all felt a little flat and the pieces of the story were spread so far apart I lost interest in finding out how they would come together. Maybe I am having an off week, but I just lost the plot so to speak, perhaps I will try again in a few weeks , in the hope I can find that spark. This was so interesting. And Khalifa makes it interesting. Took me awhile to finish this book, and start it I only know of it because of an article I read a long time ago about it. The twist in the story Though Daniel was always suspect to me. I do hope Khalifa got something more out of it at the end. Looking forward to the next book! May 04, Erin rated it really liked it Shelves: adult-fiction , I read my first Paul Susdman novel more than a decade ago when I was still reeling from the Angels and Demons hype and looking for anything similar. Finally picked up another and man, just devoured it. Always a fun time, definitely over the top, but enjoyable. If "wanting to do nothing but finish your book" is the kind of book you go for, check this out. Ancient Egypt, present day Egypt, the Nile, the legend of the lost army of Cambyses, Herodotus, expeditions into the desert, violent sandstorms, archaeological wonders, hieroglyphs, undiscovered tombs, murder I first read this book on its publication back in ish and loved it. Thought I'd give it another go - a very good decision on my part. Enjoyable I enjoyed this book partly as did the luxor Nile cruise some years ago and could see in my mind the Valley of the kings and Queens , luxor and it's sites. There were many twists and turns which l found kept me guessing and l have to say Daniel was a surprise. Will definitely be reading more from Paul Sussman. Feb 04, Islam rated it really liked it. What a wonderful novel, even if it speaks about a imaginary story but their is a wisdom from it Second it speaks about a story of two brothers and the difference between their own lives And about a historical timeline of our Pharaohs civilization. Feb 12, Sharon rated it really liked it. Great read! The story takes place in Egypt and details the search for antiquities. I had no idea it was such a cut throat business! There are some very interesting twists and turns and I found the book hard to put down. Highly recommended. Mar 27, Phyllis Fredericksen rated it really liked it. Entertaing mystery involving a search for lost antiquities in the Western Desert of Egypt. Not the best ever written, but certainly not the worst. There are three more by the same author featuring the same Egyptian detective. Jul 29, Frederic Pierce rated it it was amazing. This is the first Inspector Yusuf Khalifa novel and it cemented the beleagured Egyptian detective's place as one of my favorite mystery novel protagonists. Mar 19, Florent Marrou rated it really liked it. Good story of inspector Khalifa. As per the serie, the ending is unexpected and somewhat unsettling, which would likely divide. Cambyses' Lost Army - Archaeology Magazine Archive

For centuries adventurers and archaeologists have tried to find the lost army. The SCA is now organizing a mission to investigate the site in the coming months. According to Herodotus, the army consisted of an estimated 50, soldiers with weapons and pack animals. If the remains are in fact those of Cambyses' vanished army they will not only solve a mystery, but provide us with a rich source of information on the Persian military of the time. Subscribe to the Digital Edition! During his march to Egypt, Cambyses made a treaty with the Arabs , who controlled the desert area between Gaza and the Egyptian frontier. This treaty granted Cambyses sufficient water to arrive to the Nile. In BC, Cambyses finally invaded Egypt; in the spring of the same year, the Persian and Egyptian forces clashed at Pelusium , where the Persians emerged victorious. Despite the considerable resistance put by the pharaoh, Cambyses captured Memphis, and established a Persian-Egyptian garrison there. The length of the siege is not specified by the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus. The Libyans, and soon the Greeks of Cyrene and Barca as well, willingly acknowledged the authority of Cambyses, and as proof of their submission, sent offerings to Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Cambyses' campaigns against Amnion and Ethiopia ended catastrophically. In accordance with the traditional Egyptian royal custom, Cambyses took the titles of "king of Upper and Lower Egypt" and "descendant of the gods Ra , Horus , Osiris ," used by the previous Egyptian pharaohs. Cambyses used propaganda to show his Egyptian conquest as a legitimate unification with the native Egyptians, and that he was himself of Egyptian descent, claiming to be the son of Princess Nitetis, a daughter of the pharaoh Apries. At Sais , Cambyses had himself crowned in the temple of the goddess Neith under a religious ritual, where he made sacrifices to the Egyptian gods. According to ancient historians, Cambyses' rule of Egypt was marked by brutality, looting temples, ridiculing the local gods, and defilement of the royal tombs. The epitaph of the Apis buried in BC, states the following: [15]. A legend on the sarcophagus also says the following: [15]. This thus debunks Cambyses' supposed killing of the Apis, and according to Briant, proves that Herodotus documented bogus reports. Only the three main temples were given permission to maintain all their entitlements. Although a tax system existed both during the reign of both Cyrus and Cambyses, it was not a systematic one, and thus the subjects of the king were either obligated to give gifts, or pay taxes. Likewise, the imperial treasurer in Babylon, Mithradata, was also from a Persian family. Indeed, the retinue of Cambyses in Egypt was composed solely of Persians. Important offices centered around the king was also occupied by the Persians, as in the case of Prexaspes, who served as the "message-bearer" of Cambyses, and Sisamnes , who was the royal judge, and later executed by Cambyses. According to Herodotus, Cambyses was labelled "despot" by the Persians due to being "half-mad, cruel, and insolent". However, this is part of the Persian and Egyptian propaganda used against Cambyses. Indeed, due to Cambyses' proneness to consolidate authority by himself, the Persian tribal nobility were antagonistic towards him. In Achaemenid Persia, marriages between family members, such as half-siblings, nieces, and cousins took place, however, they were not seen as incestuous. Greek sources, however, state that allegedly brother- sister and father-daughter marriages took place inside the royal family, yet it remains problematic to measure their accuracy. However, Herodotus himself also states that Cambyses married Otanes ' daughter Phaidyme, whilst his contemporary Ctesias names Roxane as Cambyses' wife, but she is not labelled as his sister. The accusations against of Cambyses of committing incest is mentioned as part of his "blasphemous actions", which were mentioned to point out his "madness and vanity". These reports all derive from the same Egyptian source that was antagonistic towards Cambyses, and some of these "crimes", such as the killing of the Apis bull , have been confirmed as fake, which thus makes the report of Cambyses' supposed incestious acts questionable. However Cambyses died shortly after under disputed circumstances. By most accounts, while Cambyses was en route in Syria Eber-Nari , he received a wound to the thigh, which was soon affected by gangrene. Herodotus and Ctesias ascribe his death to an accident. Ctesias writes that Cambyses, despondent from the loss of family members, stabbed himself in the thigh while working with a piece of wood, and died eleven days later from the wound. Herodotus' story is that while mounting his horse, the tip of Cambyses' scabbard broke and his sword pierced his thigh. Some modern historians suspect that Cambyses was assassinated, either by Darius as the first step to usurping the empire for himself, or by supporters of Bardiya. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire. King of Kings. Cambyses left, kneeling as pharaoh while worshipping an Apis bull BC. Royal titulary. However, according to the Russian Iranologist Muhammad Dandamayev , this statement is not trustworthy. Median and Achaemenid kings. Family tree. Cambyses' Lost Army: Found at Last? - Seeker

The soldiers may have believed they were reaching their destination, but instead they found the hot, strong, unpredictable southeasterly wind that blows from the Sahara desert over Egypt. It was here that the research team found a mass grave with hundreds of bleached bones and skulls. Could they be the remains of Cambyses' lost army? Some artifacts found in the area suggest the find could be the army's remains. The team recovered relics of ancient warfare, including this bronze dagger dating to Cambyses' time. They also found several arrow tips, again dating to the time when Cambyses' army set off on its fateful mission. Horse Bit Among the remains, the team found a horse bit, identical to one appearing in a depiction of an ancient Persian horse. Horse Bit, as Seen in Depiction Here is where the recovered horse bit may have been used. It is superimposed over this 6th-5th century B. Earring Persian soldiers often wore jewelry, including earrings, like the one shown here, which the team found near the remains in the Sahara Desert. The researcher is also holding a few beads, which were likely part of a necklace worn by a soldier. Earring on Soldier This bas-relief of a Persian soldier, also from the Apadana at Persepolis, shows a very similar earring to the one found in the desert. Are these artifacts enough to confirm the team's claims of finding the long-lost army? The team communicated their findings to the Geological Survey of Egypt and gave the recovered objects to Egyptian authorities. It may take the confirmation of Egyptian authorities to validate the claim. So far the Italian team has not heard back from them. On the Trail Two top Italian archaeologists claim to have found striking evidence of the army's traces. Read More. Login or Register in order to comment. Joe Stitzel wrote on 10 February, - Permalink. Chrish wrote on 9 April, - Permalink. Tsurugi wrote on 24 October, - Permalink. There may in fact be a fully equipped army of skeletons out there, buried deep in the sand. Pov wrote on 23 October, - Permalink. Donna Cerca Uom Awsome post.. Related Articles on Ancient-Origins. Because of its rich history, Greece is blessed with many important historic sites. One of the most intriguing is the Amphiareion in Oropos , not far from Athens. This was once a popular sanctuary and According to Herodotus, Croesus , the king of the Lydians wanted to However, the film has more fantasy than history in Translators regularly face the problem that the words and expressions of one language do not always translate exactly into those of another. In fact, a literal translation can sometimes seem In , an ancient well was uncovered in Kerameikos in central Athens, Greece, with inscriptions calling upon Apollo, the Greek god of prophecy. Archaeologists speculate that Kerameikos seers used An ancient Christian oracle book of mysterious origins has been recently translated and found to contain a collection of encouragements, warnings, and cryptic divinations. The 1,year-old tome, Top New Stories. Archaeologists working in Peru have unearthed the first known naturally mummified remains of Inka llama sacrifices. The animals are exceptionally well-preserved and still bear the decorations that were placed upon them in preparation for the ritual sacrifice to appease Inka deities over years ago. Human Origins. Over the past two centuries, Europe has become increasingly secular. One Hundred Thousand Adams and Eves? Ancient Technology. Dating back 11, years - with a coded message left by ancient man from the Mesolithic Age - the Shigir Idol is almost three times as old as the Egyptian pyramids. New scientific findings suggest that images and hieroglyphics on the wooden statue were carved with the jaw of a beaver, its teeth intact. The revolutionary invention of the wheel. Ten amazing inventions from ancient times. Ancient Places. Loulan was discovered in , but it was years ago that she died on the trade route known as the Silk Road. The natural dryness and salty soil preserved her and over two hundred other mummies,

Has the mystery of the Lost Persian Army finally been solved? | Ancient Origins

Most recently, in , two Italian archaeologists claimed to have found remnants of the lost army, in the form of bronze weapons, a silver bracelet, an earring and hundreds of human bones. But this claim, too, seems suspect: let's just say they didn't have the blessing of the Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities for their year quest, and they presented their evidence not in an academic journal, but in a documentary film screened at the archaeological film festival of Rovereto. Jen-Luc does not make Herodotus a regular part of her weekend reading, but a new paper in Physical Review Letters described the results from computer simulations of midair collisions between grains of sand during a sandstorm, and reminded her of the doomed desert army. And it turns out those collisions may play a pivotal role in determining the strength of a sandstorm -- known as the flux -- increasing that strength the more they collide. Physicists love to study granular media like sand, and sandstorms offer a rich trove of fascinating physics, notably in how these meteorological phenomena can transport huge amounts of sand from one place to another in a fairly short period of time. The grains are especially loose in dry, arid conditions, so when strong winds blow over the dunes of the Sahara, for example, they first start to vibrate, and then to pop up in the air, striking the ground after they fall and often breaking into a splash of even smaller particles of dust called "leapers" -- all part of a process called "saltation. If the winds get strong enough, those fine grains of sand end up suspended in dusty clouds into the air. There are two types of these kinds of grains, reptons and saltons, and it's the saltons that make up most of the particles one sees during a sandstorm. It's been quite the challenge to study these mid-air collisions, even via computer simulations, because it requires so much computing power. But Hans Hermann of the Institute for Building Materials in Zurich and his colleagues devised a nifty 3D simulation code that simplified matters just enough to make the task more manageable. Hermann and friends ran simulations both with and without these midair collisions and compared the results. And they found that the flux was three times as strong in the runs that figured in those midair collisions. Hermann acknowledged to Physics Focus that the conclusion is "counterintuitive -- one would naively expect that collisions between grains would shorten [their] trajectories," instead of lengthening them. He and his colleagues think it's the "leapers" reptons that might be to blame -- those grains that usually don't become airborne like the saltons, or so physicists used to think. An alternative approach is that when two leapers collide, one shoots just a bit higher into the air, colliding with another particle, thereby getting an additional boost. If it achieves sufficient height, it becomes a salton, and that means it will make more saltons when it slams back into the dune. This isn't the usual state of affairs when it comes to sand dune dynamics, but the density of the grains is so high in a sandstorm, such collisions are much more common. And that means other models for sandstorm dynamics, which have ignored such collisions, will need to be revised accordingly. However, Herodotus himself also states that Cambyses married Otanes ' daughter Phaidyme, whilst his contemporary Ctesias names Roxane as Cambyses' wife, but she is not labelled as his sister. The accusations against of Cambyses of committing incest is mentioned as part of his "blasphemous actions", which were mentioned to point out his "madness and vanity". These reports all derive from the same Egyptian source that was antagonistic towards Cambyses, and some of these "crimes", such as the killing of the Apis bull , have been confirmed as fake, which thus makes the report of Cambyses' supposed incestious acts questionable. However Cambyses died shortly after under disputed circumstances. By most accounts, while Cambyses was en route in Syria Eber-Nari , he received a wound to the thigh, which was soon affected by gangrene. Herodotus and Ctesias ascribe his death to an accident. Ctesias writes that Cambyses, despondent from the loss of family members, stabbed himself in the thigh while working with a piece of wood, and died eleven days later from the wound. Herodotus' story is that while mounting his horse, the tip of Cambyses' scabbard broke and his sword pierced his thigh. Some modern historians suspect that Cambyses was assassinated, either by Darius as the first step to usurping the empire for himself, or by supporters of Bardiya. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire. King of Kings. Cambyses left, kneeling as pharaoh while worshipping an Apis bull BC. Royal titulary. However, according to the Russian Iranologist Muhammad Dandamayev , this statement is not trustworthy. Median and Achaemenid kings. Family tree. Deioces Phraortes Madius Cyaxares Astyages. Segerseni Qakare Ini Iyibkhentre. Senebkay Wepwawetemsaf Pantjeny Snaaib. Tefnakht Bakenranef. Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun. Rulers in the Achaemenid Empire. Family tree - Achaemenid Kingdom. Hystaspes Dadarsi Masistes Bessus. Hydarnes Hydarnes II Atropates. Syennesis Camisares Mazaeus Arsames. Earring Persian soldiers often wore jewelry, including earrings, like the one shown here, which the team found near the remains in the Sahara Desert. The researcher is also holding a few beads, which were likely part of a necklace worn by a soldier. Earring on Soldier This bas-relief of a Persian soldier, also from the Apadana at Persepolis, shows a very similar earring to the one found in the desert. Are these artifacts enough to confirm the team's claims of finding the long-lost army? The team communicated their findings to the Geological Survey of Egypt and gave the recovered objects to Egyptian authorities. It may take the confirmation of Egyptian authorities to validate the claim. So far the Italian team has not heard back from them. On the Trail Two top Italian archaeologists claim to have found striking evidence of the army's traces. A Desert Well Among the first evidence they found were desiccated water sources and artificial wells made of hundreds of water pots buried in the sand. The Temple of Amun The Castiglionis calculated that not far from the water cache, some 62 miles south of Siwa, ancient maps had erroneously located the temple of Amun, shown here. Mass Grave It was here that the research team found a mass grave with hundreds of bleached bones and skulls.

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