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DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Studies on Chinese Dialect Grammar DOCTORAL DISSERTATION Studies on Chinese Dialect Grammar: The Gan Dialect of Chongyang ZHU MIN 2015 Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar DOCTORAL DISSERTATION ZHU MIN Studies on Chinese Dialect Grammar: The Gan Dialect of Chongyang Linguistics Doctoral School Head of the Doctoral School: Prof. Vilmos Bárdosi Doctoral Program in Sinology Head of the Doctoral Program: Prof. Imre Hamar Members of the Committee: Prof. Imre Hamar, C.Sc. (Chair) Prof. Daniel Z. Kádár, Ph.D. Dr. Qiuyue Ye, Ph.D. Dr. Gergely Salát, Ph.D. Dr. Anett Kozjek-Gulyás, Ph.D. Dr. Melinda Pap, Ph.D. Dr. Sándor P. Szabó, Ph.D. Supervisor: Dr. Huba Bartos, Ph.D. Budapest, 2015 ADATLAP a doktori értekezés nyilvánosságra hozatalához I. A doktori értekezés adatai A szerző neve: Zhu Min ....................................................................................................... MTMT-azonosító: 10048386 A doktori értekezés címe és alcíme: Studies on Chinese Dialect Grammar: The Gan Dialect of Chongyang DOI-azonosító: 10.15476/ELTE.2015.020 A doktori iskola neve: ELTE Nyelvtudományi Doktori Iskola ............................................. A doktori iskolán belüli doktori program neve: Sinológia .................................................... A témavezető neve és tudományos fokozata: Bartos Huba; Ph.D ......................................... A témavezető munkahelye: ELTE BTK Távol-Keleti Intézet ............................................... II. Nyilatkozatok 1. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként a) hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori fokozat megszerzését követően a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. Felhatalmazom az ELTE BTK Doktori és Tudományszervezési Hivatal ügyintézőjét, Manhercz Mónikát, hogy az értekezést és a téziseket feltöltse az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba, és ennek során kitöltse a feltöltéshez szükséges nyilatkozatokat. b) kérem, hogy a mellékelt kérelemben részletezett szabadalmi, illetőleg oltalmi bejelentés közzétételéig a doktori értekezést ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; c) kérem, hogy a nemzetbiztonsági okból minősített adatot tartalmazó doktori értekezést a minősítés (dátum)-ig tartó időtartama alatt ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban; d) kérem, hogy a mű kiadására vonatkozó mellékelt kiadó szerződésre tekintettel a doktori értekezést a könyv megjelenéséig ne bocsássák nyilvánosságra az Egyetemi Könyvtárban, és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban csak a könyv bibliográfiai adatait tegyék közzé. Ha a könyv a fokozatszerzést követőn egy évig nem jelenik meg, hozzájárulok, hogy a doktori értekezésem és a tézisek nyilvánosságra kerüljenek az Egyetemi Könyvtárban és az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárban. 2. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként kijelentem, hogy a) az ELTE Digitális Intézményi Tudástárba feltöltendő doktori értekezés és a tézisek saját eredeti, önálló szellemi munkám és legjobb tudomásom szerint nem sértem vele senki szerzői jogait; b) a doktori értekezés és a tézisek nyomtatott változatai és az elektronikus adathordozón benyújtott tartalmak (szöveg és ábrák) mindenben megegyeznek. 3. A doktori értekezés szerzőjeként hozzájárulok a doktori értekezés és a tézisek szövegének Plágiumkereső adatbázisba helyezéséhez és plágiumellenőrző vizsgálatok lefuttatásához. Kelt: Department of Humanities, Hubei University of Science and Technology. No.72, Yong‘an Avenue, Xian‘an district, Xianning City, Hubei Province, China. 2015.2. 6 a doktori értekezés szerzőjének aláírása CONTENTS Aknowledgements ............................................................................................... ix Abstract .................................................................................................................................... xii list of abbreviations ................................................................................................................. xv Chapter One: Introduction of Chongyang and the Chongyang dialect .............................. 1 1.1 A brief introduction of the Chongyang County .............................................. 1 1.2 A brief overview of the research on the Chongyang dialect and the Edongnan 鄂东南 (southeast parts in Hubei Province) dialects ................... 5 1.3 The significance and purpose of my study ..................................... 10 1.4 The research approaches and research materials................................. 14 1.4.1 Field investigation ......................................................................... 14 1.4.2 The approach of combining description with analysis .......... 15 Chapter Two: The Phonetic System ........................................................................ 19 2.1 The system of initial consonants of the Chongyang dialect ................... 20 2.1.1 Presentation of the nineteen initial consonants ................. 20 2.1.2 The features of consonants in the Chongyang dialect ....... 21 2.2 The rhymes of the Chongyang dialect ......................................................... 27 2.2.1 List of the rhymes ....................................................................... 27 2.2.2 Some explanations about the vowels ...................................... 28 2.3 The tone system ............................................................................................ 29 Chapter Three: The pronoun system in the Chongyang dialect ............................................ 31 3.1 Personal pronouns .............................................................................................. 32 3.1.1 The source of “嗯” and “伊” ......................................................... 33 3.1.2 The identical tone of “我”, “嗯” and “伊” ..................................... 35 3.1.3 The features of plural forms of i “我”，“嗯” and “伊” ................................................................... 36 3.1.4 The possessive case form of personal pronouns in the Chongyang dialect ............................................................. 37 3.1.5 The “他称”pronoun, the “旁称” pronoun and the reflexive pronoun in the Chongyang dialect..................... 37 3.2 Demonstrative Pronouns .............................................................................. 40 3.2.1 Features of these demonstrative pronouns .................................. 43 3.2.2 About “伊” ................................................................................... 43 3.2.3 The tones of “箇”，“伊” and “阿” .............................................. 43 3.2.4 The degree demonstrative pronouns ........................................... 44 3.2.5 The pragmatic roles of the demonstrative pronouns ................ 45 3.2.6 The source of “箇” ....................................................................... 47 3.3 Interrogative pronouns ................................................................................... 49 3.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 52 Chapter Four: The expression of degree in the Chongyang dialect ...................................... 54 4.1 A brief research status of aspect systems in Chinese dialects .............................................................................................. 54 4.2 Inchoative aspect ................................................................................................ 55 4.3 Progressive aspect .............................................................................................. 56 4.3.1 “(正) 在 1+VP” usage is the same as in Mandarin Chinese ..................................................................... 56 4.3.2 “S+在 1+VP+在 2”, “S+VP+在 2” and “S+V+倒在 2” , “S+V+倒+O+在 2” .................................................. 59 4.3.3 “V+来+V+去” .................................................................................. 64 4.4 Durative aspect .................................................................................................. 64 ii 4.4.1 “V 倒 1” structure for durative aspect in the Chongyang dialect ................................................................ 64 4.4.2 The relations and differences between “倒 1” and “倒 2 ” ......................................................... 66 4.4.3 Semantic and phonological constraints on “V 倒 1” .................... 69 4.4.4 A brief conclusion on “倒” in the Chongyang dialect ................... 70 4.5 Continuative aspect ............................................................................................ 71 4.6 Perfective and perfect aspect ............................................................................ 72 4.6.1 Perfective aspect .............................................................................. 72 4.6.2 Perfect aspect ................................................................................... 72 4.6.3 Double-了 sentence ......................................................................... 74 4.7 Experiential aspect ............................................................................................. 75 4.8 Antecedent aspect.............................................................................................. 76 4.9 Short-time aspect and tentative aspect ............................................................ 78 4.10 Summary of the aspectual system in the Chongyang dialect .......................... 84 4.10.1 How to deal with the property of these aspect
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