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Biowaste Management in Europe Results of a Pre-Feasibility Report for a Facility for Organic Waste Recycling in South Backa Waste Management District - Serbia

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Biowaste Management in Europe Results of a Pre-Feasibility Report for a Facility for Organic Waste Recycling in South Backa Waste Management District - Serbia Biowaste Management in Europe Results of a Pre-feasibility report for a facility for organic waste recycling in South Backa Waste Management District - Serbia Marco Ricci - Jürgensen Altereko sas on behalf Abt associates About myself • 20 years of experience in planning MSW management, designing and up¬grading of collection and transport schemes, assessing recycling facilities (focus on composting), planning comunication and participation initiatives, chairing multi-linguistic, multi-tasking working groups or projects. • 15 year foreign working experience as consulting expert focusing on issues related to solid waste management. Extensive consultancy experience in the Solid Waste Sector – on Strategy and Policy, Fees&Taxes, Separate collection schemes - , both in ´advanced´ and ´low to middle income’ countries in Europe, Latin America and Asia. • 10 years experience cooperating with international organisation/agencies (as ECN-European Compost Network, ACRR, EEA- European Environment Agency, Sweepnet-GIZ, SCOW). About myself About myself CIC Italian Composting and Biogas Association Senior Expert www.compost.it ISWA International Solid Waste Association Chair of the Working Group on Biological Treatment of Waste www.iswa.org Ecomondo International Fair Ambassador en.ecomondo.com Activities (outside Italy) Bulgaria Czech Republic Slovak Republic UK Spain Tunisia/Sweep-Net Brazil Cambodia Chile Overview • What is biowaste? • Biological treatment options • From City Assessment to Pre-feasibility investigations • South Backa WMR – scenarios for biowaste recycling • Feasibility assessment – OrganECS • Economical drivers What is biowaste? • In Europe, biowaste is strictly defined – Garden & park waste – Food & kitchen waste • Other wastes can also be treated through biological treatment = Biodegradable waste – Animal manures – Agricultural residues – Sewage sludge – Some paper, card and biodegradable plastics Sources of biodegradable waste Hotels Street Factories sweepings Sources Restaurants Markets & cafes Farms Homes The workplan for SB-WMR • to elaborate two scenarios for biowaste processing • basic assessment - from the technical and economic point of view - of the suitability of different organic waste treatment option • actions to promote the off-take of the products resulting from the recycling of organic waste Ref Activity 3 - Task 1 Treatment approaches Biodegradable Wastes Product manufacturing Waste pre- process treatment Quality products Stabilised biowaste for for sale landfill or incineration 10 What is biological treatment? Natural processes 3 main techniques • Treating biodegradable wastes – Using micro-organisms – Natural processes Anaerobic Composting • To create products digestion (AD) • To pre-treat wastes before disposal • Three main techniques Mechanical Biological – Overlap between them treatment (MBT) Comparison of Composting and AD Factor Composting AD Plant capacity Scalable (small, medium, Only Medium to Large large) Tecnology and process Simple More complex Need of working surface Higher Lower Specific investment cost Lower Higher (need of incentives) (i.e. €/t capacity) Output (recycling) Solid product Liquid product 12 The choice of a specific technology for recycling organic waste • will depend on the absolute amounts of OFMSW produced in a specific municipality or waste management region, • on the relative availability of the two main “feedstock” of organic waste (i.e. FW and GW and others). Investment cost for different tecnologies Complexity of different recycling technologies for organic waste Source – Altereko 2018 CCAC City Assessment Action Plan Work Plan Stakeholder Consultation Actions & Decisions Feasibility assessment: step by step Define the Consider n° and prevention size of Decide (HC) facilities how to Quantify the collect amount to be collected Assess the potential production South Backa WMR decimals are separated Total Distance from Kg/capita Garden waste Food waste Rural by Points population WMC (km) /day MSW (tpa) (tpa) (tpa) population (%) Serbia 7164132 AP Vojvodina 1912095 Novi Sad 346163 0 1.07 135194 18075 40788 15% Becej 36663 41 0.94 12579 2533 4139 37% Beocin 15551 25 0.94 5336 713 1610 52% Backa Palanka 54631 43 0.94 18744 4658 6127 50% Backi Petrovac 13222 24 0.86 4150 838 1144 52% Temerin 28244 13 0.94 9691 1952 3188 10% Zabalj 25873 27 0.86 8122 1641 2239 64% Srbobran 16073 28 0.94 5515 1114 1520 26% Vrbas 41378 39 0.94 14197 2859 4671 42% South Backa Waste Management Region 577798 1.01 213527 34384 65426 26% Transfert St 34% 66% Large producers in Novi Sad Key data for biowaste production • 1100 tpa • 730 commercial activities (Ho.re.Ca) • 120 Schools (with canteens) Scenarios for recycling organic waste – SBWMR Min (low) Max (high) • Collection at large • Collection at large producers (HoReCa, producers (HoReCa, Schools, Markets) Schools, Markets) • Focus con GW • Focus on FW and GW • Collection schemes for HH • Collection schemes for HH with low diversion of FW with high diversion of FW from disposal from disposal • Collection schemes for FW • Most HH connected to only for limited collection schemes for FW areas/settlements (HH) and for GW Scenarios for recycling organic waste Garden waste Food waste Organic Scenarios (tpa) (tpa) waste (tpa) Comments Production 34384 65426 99810 For the whole Region Potential Max 17798 33866 51663 -26% home composting, 70% SS Potential Mid 12713 24190 36902 -26% home composting, 50% SS Potential Min 5085 9676 14761 -26% home composting, 20% SS Scenarios for recycling organic waste Min (low) Max (high) • A Centralised facility, • A Centralised facility, located at Novi Sad’s landfill located at Novi Sad’s landfill Capacity 12000tpa Capacity 52000tpa • A Decentralised facility, • A transfer point for Becej, Capacity 1-2000tpa for Backa Palanka, Vrbas Becej, Backa Palanka, Vrbas 1-2 x 20’ container/each • Home composting in rural • Home composting in rural areas areas The type of recycling facilities to be assessed Treatment technologies Min Scenario Max Scenario Composting (small scale) - with passive aeration 1000/2000tpa - Composting (medium scale) - with or whithout forced aeration 12000tpa - Composting (large scale) - with or whithout forced aeration - 50000tpa Dry Anaerobic Digestion with post-composting - 50000tpa Min Scenario Max Scenario Composting (small scale) - with passive aeration 3,2/6,5tpd - Composting (medium scale) - with or whithout forced aeration 39tpd - Composting (large scale) - with or whithout forced aeration - 160tpd Dry Anaerobic Digestion with post-composting - 160tpd Feasibility assessment • CAPEX and OPEX for each type of facility • Range of Investment costs (Low/High) • OrganECS_Excel tool (CCAC) • Type of technology: – Composting With Forced Aeration (WFA) Without Forced Aeration (WOFA) – AD (Dry) / post-Composting OrganECS • OrganECS Version 2 • aims to guide local decision-makers in having a first evaluation of different treatment options • does not provides a detailed description and reference to the type of infrastructures included in the facility needs expert support to be used OrganECS: economic data & assumptions Labor ( in Current Year) Notes Manager/Engineer - Labor Cost 13.500,00 €/year • 15year life-span Operator - Labor Cost 8.500,00 €/year Facility Operations ( in Current Year) Process Water Purchase Price 1,10 €/m3 if AD option considered Wastewater Treatment Cost (if AD applies) 0,34 €/m3 if AD option considered Purchased Bulking Agent Cost (e.g., Wood Chips) - €/tonne Energy Purchases ( in Current Year) • Labor cost Electricity Purchase Price 0,07 €/kWh Diesel Purchase Price 1,31 €/liter Land ( in Current Year) • Diesel and Electricity cost Purchase or Lease Land select Land - Purchase Price - €/ha Land - Lease Price - €/ha/year • Cost for reject disposal Facility Operations ( in Current Year) Avoided Landfill Disposal Fee 30,00 €/tonne currently 0 will be 30€/t Sellable End Products ( in Current Year) Market Price for Digestate Effluent (Liquid Digestate) - €/tonne Market Price for Dewatered Digestate - €/tonne Market Price for Compost 3,50 €/tonne Market Price for Mulch - €/tonne • Revenues for compost of 3,5 €/t Wholesale Electricity Sale Price - €/kWh if AD option considered Government Subsidy - €/kWh if AD option considered Duration of Government Subsidy 3,00 Years if AD option considered Sell Heat? select if AD option considered • Revenues for electricity 0,1 Wholesale Heat Price - €/MMBtu no heat to be used Inflation and Taxes $/kWh, subsidized Inflation Rate - General 3,00% % Tax Paid on Revenues 15,00% % for a recycling facility VAT (Value-Added Tax; same as Goods and Services tax) 20,00% % not applied on compost! Interest Rate - Short-term Debt 8% % Interest Rate - Long-term Debt 3% % Composting facility – 12’000tpa (OrganEcs) • 12000 tpa of FW+GW Minimum Recycling Scenario • Forced aeration • footprint about 1,2 Ha Composting With Forced Aeration USD (e.g., semi-permeable cover, container/box/tunnel, tower, drum) Low Capex High Capex Initial Capital Investment ($) $2.528.400 $4.132.900 Capex/tonne ($/TPY) $211 $345 • CAPEX: 2,53M - 4,13M USD Total Annual Expenses in YR 1 Operations ($/year) $503.200 $616.400 O&M/tonne in YR 1 Operations ($/tonne of waste processed) $42 $52 Total Land Required (ha) 1,20 1,02 • gatefee (low CAPEX scenario) Total Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 12.000 12.000 Total Yard Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 3.850 3.850 – GW 18 USD/t Total Food, Manure/Sludge, and Other Organic Waste Available in YR 1 (tonnes/year) 8.150 8.150
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