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BENIN XI Improving Su D Y Or Ngsierra -T R O ~ LONE -'CTGO ( J T / ~~~~GHANA/ / ~~~~~~C6te > WT?p° / WORLDBANK TECHNICALPAPER NUMBER 192 c1 A IV I9 SERIESON RIVERBLINDNESS CONTROL IN WEST AFRICA Public Disclosure Authorized Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone -A Della E. McMillan, Thomas Painter, and Thayer Scudder IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIF MAURITANIA Public Disclosure Authorized .. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~. ....................... ~~~~~~~~~~~~~.......................I. M ..L I 8, N . .,.G EV ,............... ..,,,,,,.,.......... *'''f.Eie_.................. ...................... ................ .. 7fs................................. o f.. ........te ,...-:, :.- .:r r.IN;k.-:-' .. .... ,1... EA; ai ........ .. .... .. ..... .. Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized RECENT WORLD BANK TECHNICAL PAPERS No. 128 Gastellu-Etchegorry, editor, SatelliteRemote Sensing for AgriculturalProjects No. 129 Berkoff, IrrigationManagement on theIndo-Gangetic Plain No. 130 Agnes Kiss, editor, Living with Wlildlife:Wildlife Resource Management with LocalParticipation in Africa No. 131 Nair, The Prospectsfor Agroforestryin the Tropics No. 132 Murphy, Casley, and Curry, Farners' Estimationsas a Sourceof ProductionData: Methodological Guidelinesfor Cerealsin Africa No. 133 Agriculture and Rural DevelopnmentDepartment, ACIAR, AIDAB,and ISNAR,Agricultural Biotechnology:The Next "GreenRevolution"? No. 134 de Haan and Bekure, Animal Healthin Sub-SaharanAfrica: Initial Experiences with Alternative Approaches No. 135 Walshe, Grindle, Nell, and Bachmnann,Dairy Development in Sub-SaharanAfrica: A Study of Issues and Options No. 136 Green, editor, CoconutProduction: Present Status and Prioritiesfor Research No. 137 Constant and Sheldrick, An Outlookfor FertilizerDemand, Supply, and Trade,1988/89-1993/94 No. 138 Steel and Webster,Small Enterprises under Adjustment in Ghana No. 139 Environment Department, EnvironmentalAssessment Sourcebook, vol. I: Policies,Procedures, and Cross-SectoralIssues No. 140 Enviromnent Department, EnvironmentalAssessment Sourcebook, vol. II: SectoralGuidelines No. 141 Riverson,Gaviria, and Thriscutt,Rural Roadsin Sub-SaharanAfrica: Lessons from WorldBank Experience No. 142 Kiss and Meerman, IntegratedPest Managementand African Agriculture No. 143 Grut, Gray, and Egli,Forest Pricing and ConcessionPolicies: Managing the High Forestof West and CentralAfrica No. 144 The World Bank/FAO/UNIDO/Industry Fertilizer Working Group, Worldand RegionalSupply and DemandBalances for Nitrogen,Phosphate, and Potash,1989/90-1995/96 No. 145 Ivanek, Nulty, and Holcer, ManufacturingTelecommunications Equipment in Newly Industrializing Countries:The Effectof TechnologicalProgress No. 146 Dejene and Olivares, IntegratingEnvironmental Issues into a Strategyfor SustainableAgricultural Development:The Caseof Mozambique No. 147 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, Fisheriesand AquacultureResearch Capabilities and Needs in Asia:Studies of India, Thailand,Mfalaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines,and the ASEAN Region No. 148 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, Fisheriesand AquacultureResearch Capabilities and Needs in LatinAmerica: Studies of Uruguay,Argentina, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru No. 149 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, Fisheriesand AquacultureResearch Capabilities and Needs in Africa:Studies of Kenya,Malawi, Mozambique,Zimbabwe, Mauritania, Morocco, and Senegal No. 150 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, InternationalCooperation in FisheriesResearch No. 151 The World Bank/UNNDP/CEC/FAO,Tropical Aquaculture Development: Research Needs No. 152 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, Small-ScaleFisheries: Research Needs No. 153 The World Bank/UNDP/CEC/FAO, SmallPelagic Fish Utilization:Research Needs No. 154 Environment Department, EnvironmentalAssessment Sourcebook, vol. III: Guidelines for EnvironmentalAssessment of Energyand Industry Projects No. 155 Belot and Weigel,Programs in IndustrialCountries to PromoteForeign Direct Investment in Developing Countries No. 156 De Geyndt, ManagingHealth Expenditures under NationalHealth Insurance: The Caseof Korea No. 157 Critchley, Reij,and Seznec, Water larvestingfor Plant Production,vol. 11:Case Studies and Conclusionsfor Sub-SaharanAfr,ica (List continues on the inside back cover) WORLDBANK TECHNICAL PAPER NUMBER 192 SERIESON RIVERBLINDNESS CONTROL IN WESTAFRICA Settlement and Development in the River Blindness Control Zone Della E. McMillan,Thomas Painter, and Thayer Scudder The World Bank Washington, D.C. Copyright © 1992 The International Bank for Reconstnaction and Development/THE WORLDBANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433,U.S.A. All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States oftAmerica First printing December 1992 Technical Papers are published to communicate the results of the Bank's work to the development community with the least possible delay. The typescript of this paper therefore has not been prepared in accordance with the procedures appropriate to formal printed texts, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequence of their use. Any maps that accompany the text have been prepared solely for the convenience of readers; the designations and presentation of material in them do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Bank, its affiliates, or its Board or member countries concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or of the authorities thereof or concerning the delimitation of its boundaries or its national affiliation. The material in this publication is copyrighted. Requests for permission to reproduce portions of it should be sent to the Office of the Publisher at the address shown in the copyright notice above. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally give permission promptly and, when the reproduction is for noncommercial purposes, without asking a fee. Permission to copy portions for cdassroomuse is granted through the Copyright Clearance Center, 27 Congress Street, Salem, Massachusetts 01970,U.S.A. The complete backlist of publications from the World Bank is shown in the annual Index of Publications, which contains an alphabetical title list (with full ordering information) and indexes of subjects, authors, and countries and regions. The latest edition is available free of charge from the Distribution Unit, Office of the Publisher, Department F, The World Bank, 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, U.S.A., or from Publications, The World Bank, 66, avenue d'I6na, 75116Paris, France. ISSN: 0253-7494 Della E. McMillan is a research affiliate to the Department of Anthropology at the University of Florida. Thomas Painter is Regional Manager of the West African Unit of CARE in New York. Thayer Scudder is Professor of Anthropology at the California Institute of Technology and also Director of the Institute for Development Anthropology. Libraryof Congress Cataloging-in-PulblicationData McMillan, Della E. Settlement and development in the river blindness control zone / Della E. McMillan, Thomas Painter, and Thayer Scudder. p. cm. - (World Bank technical paper, ISSN 0253-7494 ; no. 192. Series on river blindness control in West Africa) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN0-8213-2296-6 1. Land settlement-Africa, West 2. Land tenure-Africa, West. 3. Natural resources-Africa, West. I. Painter, Thomas M., 1943- . H. Scudder, Thayer. m. Title. rv. Series: World Bank technical paper; no. 192. V. Series: World Bank technical paper. Series on river blindness control in West Africa. HD1010.Z63M38 1992 333.3'0966dc2O 92-39287 CIP Foreword This volume is the summary report of the Land valleys. It is estimated that 25 million hectares of Settlement Review (LSR), a regional study of land tillable land is being opened up by onchocerciasis settlement in West Africa. The objective of the LSR control and rapid migration to these river valleys was to examine the phenomenon of land settle- is already occurring. OCP is not directly involved ment resulting from the successful control of on- in the socio-economic development of these areas, chocerciasis (riverblindness) by the but the Committee of Sponsoring Agencies Onchocerciasis Control Programme (OCP). The (UNDP, FAO, WHO, the World Bank), the statuto- LSR analyzes the process of land settlement, both ry body that oversees OCP, has encouraged devel- spontaneous and government sponsored, and rec- opment in the OCP area by executing two ommends operational policy guidelines for pro- regional studies: the first, Socio-economic Devel- moting viable and sustainable settlement-related opment Studies in the Onchocerciasis Control activities in the areas where onchocerciasis had Programme Area, looked at the development po- been controlled. tential of the onchocerciasis freed areas and the OCP is widely acknowledged as the most suc- second, the LSR, examined the extent and impact cessful on-going disease control program in Afri- of new settlement in the OCP river valleys. ca. Started in 1974 by a group of 7 West African The LSR, prepared by the Institute for Develop- countries and 9 donors, including the World ment Anthropology, consists of in-depth case stud- Bank, the program has expanded to 11 countries,
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