DOCSLIB.ORG

Two New Endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium Hillariae and Proceropycnis Hameedii

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Two New Endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium Hillariae and Proceropycnis Hameedii Mycologia ISSN: 0027-5514 (Print) 1557-2536 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/umyc20 Two new endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium hillariae and Proceropycnis hameedii M. Catherine Aime, Hector Urbina, Julian A. Liber, Gregory Bonito & Ryoko Oono To cite this article: M. Catherine Aime, Hector Urbina, Julian A. Liber, Gregory Bonito & Ryoko Oono (2018) Two new endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium hillariae and Proceropycnis hameedii, Mycologia, 110:1, 136-146 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1446650 Published online: 04 Jun 2018. Submit your article to this journal View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=umyc20 MYCOLOGIA 2018, VOL. 110, NO. 1, 136–146 https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2018.1446650 Two new endophytic Atractiellomycetes, Atractidochium hillariae and Proceropycnis hameedii M. Catherine Aime a, Hector Urbina a, Julian A. Liber b, Gregory Bonito b, and Ryoko Oono c aDepartment of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907; bDepartment of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; cDepartment of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106 ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY Sterile fungal isolates are often recovered in leaf and root endophytic studies, although these Received 12 July 2017 seldom play a significant role in downstream analyses. The authors sought to identify and Accepted 26 February 2018 — characterize two such endophytes one representing the most commonly recovered fungal KEYWORDS isolate in recent studies of needle endophytes of Pinus taeda and the other representing a rarely Atractiella; Helicogloeaceae; isolated root endophyte of Populus trichocarpa. Both are shown by DNA sequencing to be Hobsonia; Leucogloea; orchid undescribed species of Atractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota), a poorly character- mycorrhizae; Phleogena; ized class of mostly plant-associated and presumably saprobic microfungi. The authors describe Saccoblastia; 7 new taxa the new genus and species Atractidochium hillariae (Phleogenaceae) and the new species Proceropycnis hameedii (Hoehnelomycetaceae), both in the Atractiellales, to accommodate these unusual isolates. Following incubations of 1–2 mo, A. hillariae produces minute white sporodo- chia, similar to those produced by several other members of Atractiellales, whereas Pr. hameedii forms conidia singly or in chains in a manner similar to its sister species Pr. pinicola. Additionally, we provide a taxonomic revision of Atractiellomycetes based on multilocus analyses and propose the new genera Neogloea (Helicogloeaceae) and Bourdotigloea (Phleogenaceae) to accommodate ex-Helicogloea species that are not congeneric with the type H. lagerheimii. Atractiellomycetes consists of a single order, Atractiellales, and three families, Hoehnelomycetaceae, Phleogenaceae, and Helicogloeaceae. Accumulated evidence suggests that Atractiellomycetes species are com- mon but infrequently isolated members of plant foliar and root endobiomes. INTRODUCTION unlikely endophytic role for these (Toome et al. 2014). Most recovered foliar fungal endophytes are species of Known root associates in Pucciniomycotina are like- Ascomycota, with members of the Sordariomycetes, wise sparsely reported and primarily consist of the root Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes pathogen Helicobasidium (Valder 1958), unnamed being predominant (e.g., Arnold and Lutzoni 2007; orchid-mycorrhiza formers in Atractiellales (Kottke Arnold et al. 2007). Although fungal species from the et al. 2010), and the Populus root associate Atractiella Basidiomycota can also be common in the endophyte rhizophila (Bonito et al. 2017). biome, especially in woody tree trunks (e.g., Crozier Atractiellomycetes constitute one of nine classes of et al. 2006; Thomas et al. 2008; Vega et al. 2010), few Pucciniomycotina (Aime et al. 2006, 2014;Schelletal. are reported abundantly or consistently in leaves or in 2011). Species are primarily known for forming inconspic- association with a specific plant host (but see Pinruan uous basidiomata or conidiomata on woody or herbaceous et al. 2010). Within Pucciniomycotina (one of three material, where they are assumed saprobic (Bauer et al. subphyla of Basidiomycota), only some yeast species 2006). However, recent studies, spurred by environmental in the genera Rhodotorula and Sporobolomyces appear sequencing or molecular identifications of nonsporulating to have been infrequently recovered as foliar endo- cultures, show that members of the class may be associated phytes (Bura et al. 2012; Urbina and Aime 2018; Zhao with plant roots and are presumably mycorrhizal or endor- et al. 2002), although environmental sequences indica- hizal (Kottke et al. 2010;Bonitoetal.2016, 2017). tive of Mixia (Mixiomycetes) were detected from leaves The most frequently cultured fungus (30.7% of iso- in Europe and Asia, which may suggest a potential but lates) from a recent study of Pinus taeda (loblolly pine) CONTACT M. Catherine Aime [email protected] Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/umyc. Seven new taxa reported: Atractidochium, gen. nov.; Atractidiochium hilleriae, sp. nov.; Proceropycnis hameedii, sp. nov.; Bourdotigloea, gen. nov.; Neogloea, gen. nov.; Neogloea variabilis, comb. nov.; Bourdotigloea vestita, comb. nov. © 2018 The Mycological Society of America Published online 04 Jun 2018 MYCOLOGIA 137 needle endophytes belonged to a single unknown, ster- USA), Difco potato dextrose agar (PDA), Difco yeast ile operational taxonomic unit (Oono et al. 2015). DNA extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar, and walnut agar sequence analyses indicated a basidiomycetous affinity (WA; 8 whole blended walnuts with shells in 500 mL of for this species, with possible placement in the Millipore water and 1.5% of agar, autoclaved at 121 C Atractiellomycetes. Additionally, during ongoing efforts and 15 psi for 20 min). Cultures were incubated at room to document endorhizal associates of Populus tricho- temperature and examined every 2 wk for 2 mo for signs carpa, a single (from >1800 isolations) sterile strain of of differentiated hyphae or sporulating structures. what appeared to be an Atractiellomycete, but one not Cultures were photographed with a SZ61-Olympus dis- congeneric with the more frequently isolated and secting microscope with SC30-Olympus camera and the recently described A. rhizophila, was discovered software cellSens Olympus 1.14 (Olympus Life Science (Bonito et al. 2016, 2017). The goals of the present Solutions, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA). Water study are to completely characterize these inhabitants mounts were examined with a BH2-Olympus research of Pi. taeda needles and Po. trichocarpa roots, described microscope and photographed with the same camera. To here as Atractidochium hillariae, gen. et sp. nov., and ascertain the nuclear status of Pr. hameedii, slide cultures Proceropycnis hameedii, sp. nov., respectively. To this were prepared and visualized following the methods of end, a resolved multilocus phylogenetic analysis of the Fisher et al. (2018) by growing mycelium across a thin Atractiellomycetes is presented and the genera Neogloea layer of nutrient agar, made by dipping sterile glass gen. nov. and Bourdotigloea gen. nov., are proposed to microscope slides into liquid medium (10 g/L malt accommodate some species of Helicogloea that are not extract, 1 g/L yeast extract, 10 g/L Bacto agar; BD congeneric with the type, H. lagerheimii. Biosciences, San Jose, California, USA) and allowing this to solidify. Plugs with mycelium measuring 0.5 cm MATERIALS AND METHODS × 1 cm were placed on one side of the slide, then slides were placed in a moist chamber, prepared in glass Petri Strain isolation and morphological characterization.— dish with a wet, sterile wipe and bent glass rod to elevate Cultures from needles of adult Pi. taeda trees were the slide. After 1 wk of growth, plugs were removed from isolated from surface sterilized mature needles (second the slides with a razor. Fungal cell walls and nuclei were year) in the Blackwood Forest Division of Duke Forest in stained following a protocol adapted from Robin et al. Orange County, North Carolina, USA (approx. 35.97°N, (1986) and Chazotte (2011). Briefly, slides with growing 79.09°W). Cultures were prevalent in needles collected mycelium were submerged for 15 min in phosphate- during both winter and summer months and were buffered saline (PBS) solution with bovine serum albu- isolated over multiple years (Arnold et al. 2007; Oono min (BSA) (PBS+; 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 10 mM et al. 2015); details of isolation and culturing are outlined Na2HPO4, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 1 mM CaCl2, 0.5 mM in Oono et al. (2015). From roots of natural Po. MgCl2, 1mg/mL BSA). Then slides were placed in 0.2% trichocarpa stands in southern Washington, an isolate of Triton X-100 for 5 min, then for 10 min in PBS+ without Atractiellomycetes (PMI 927; GenBank accession number BSA. The mycelium on the slides was inundated in 50 μL KF428609; Bonito et al. 2016, supplementary material) of 10 μg/mL fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin λ λ was obtained among ca. 1800 fungal isolates as part of ( ex ~ 494 nm, em ~ 518 nm) and placed in a humid the Plant Microbial Interfaces
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mykologie in Tübingen 1974-2011
    Mykologie am Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie der Universität Tübingen, 1974-2011 FRANZ OBERWINKLER Kurzfassung Wir beschreiben die mykologischen Forschungsaktivitäten am ehemaligen Lehrstuhl „Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie“ der Universität Tübingen von 1974 bis 2011 und ihrer internationalen Ausstrahlung. Leitschiene unseres gemeinsamen mykologischen Forschungskonzeptes war die Verknüpfung von Gelände- mit Laborarbeiten sowie von Forschung mit Lehre. Dieses Konzept spiegelte sich in einem weit gefächerten Lehrangebot, das insbesondere den Pflanzen als dem Hauptsubstrat der Pilze breiten Raum gab. Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen der zellulären Baupläne von Pilzen bildeten das Fundament für unsere Arbeiten: Identifikationen, Ontogeniestudien, Vergleiche von Mikromorphologien, Überprüfen von Kulturen, Präparateauswahl für Elektronenmikroskopie, etc. Bereits an diesen Beispielen wird die Methodenvernetzung erkennbar. In dem zu besprechenden Zeitraum wurden Ultrastrukturuntersuchungen und Nukleinsäuresequenzierungen als revolutionierende Methoden für den täglichen Laborbetrieb verfügbar. Flankiert wurden diese Neuerungen durch ständig verbesserte Datenaufbereitungen und Auswertungsprogramme für Computer. Zusammen mit den traditionellen Anwendungen der Lichtmikroskopie und der Kultivierung von Pilzen stand somit ein effizientes Methodenspektrum zur Verfügung, das für systematische, phylogenetische und ökologische Fragestellungen gleichermaßen eingesetzt werden konnte, insbesondere in der Antibiotikaforschung, beim Studium zellulärer
    [Show full text]
  • Journal Citation Reports 2020 Impact Factor Pdf
    Journal citation reports 2020 impact factor pdf Continue In order to continue to use our website, we ask you to confirm your identity as a person. Thank you so much for your cooperation. It is a question-and-answer forum for students, teachers and visitors to the general village to exchange articles, answers and notes. Answer now and help others. Answer Now Here's How It Works: Anyone can ask a question Anyone can answer the best answers voted and climb to the top of Basidiomycota includes three subphyla: Ustilaginomycotina (smuts), Pucciniomykotina (rust), and Agarmyicocotina, traditional hymenomicetes or basidiomycetes, such as mushrooms, mushrooms From: Advances in Applied Microbiology, 2014Thomas N. Taylor,... Edith L. Taylor, of Fossil Mushrooms, 2015 Basidiomycota is a monophyletic group with more than 31,000 living species known, approximately one-third of all fungi; however, molecular and genetic studies show that more diversity has yet to be discovered in this group. The group includes mushrooms, smut and rust. Basidiomycota are important contributors to the functioning of ecosystems at several levels and are the main degradors of various wood components, including lignin. The most diagnostic feature of the group is the club structure, the basidia, on which the meyospores (basidiospores) are produced. The group is probably ancient, but early fossil records are difficult to interpret due to lack of diagnostic functions; The oldest compound clip dates from the Mississippi (Lower Carboniferous). The vast majority of the fossil basidiomycota described to date originate from Cenozoic.Thomas J. Volk, in the Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 2001 Basidiomycota carry their sexual spores externally on a usually club structure called basidiem, which is often carried on or in a fertile body called basidirp or basidiome.
    [Show full text]
  • Identity and Typification Of
    Mycological Progress (2021) 20:413–417 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01671-2 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Identity and typifcation of Achroomyces efusus (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycota) Vera Malysheva1 · Nathan Schoutteten2 · Annemieke Verbeken2 · Viacheslav Spirin3 Received: 3 December 2020 / Revised: 11 January 2021 / Accepted: 12 January 2021 © The Author(s) 2021 Abstract The identity of Achroomyces efusus is re-established with the use of morphological and DNA methods, and a neotype is selected. The species is conspecifc with Colacogloea peniophorae, the generic type of Colacogloea, and has a priority over it. A new combination, C. efusa, is proposed. Keywords Comb. nov. · Microbotryomycetes · Mycoparasite · Taxonomy Introduction Bourdot and Galzin 1909). Bandoni (1956) and Pilát (1957) treated it as a wood-inhabiting member of the genus, and The Pucciniomycotina (rust fungi and allies) are a sub- this viewpoint has never been questioned. Only Krieglsteiner phylum of Basidiomycota heavily dominated by parasites, (1999) suggested A. efusus may be conspecifc with Colaco- mainly inhabiting plants and other fungi. Only a few species, gloea peniophorae (Bourdot & Galzin) Oberw. & Bandoni mostly with crust-like or pustulate basidiocarps, occur on (Microbotryomycetes, Pucciniomycotina), an intrahymenial plant remnants and are therefore considered as saprotrophs. fungus parasitizing corticioid fungi from the genus Peni- A majority of these saprotrophic taxa belong to the Atractiel- ophorella P. Karst. (Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes). lomycetes (Helicogloea Pat. and related genera) (Bauer et al. However, Krieglsteiner’s idea was based on anatomical simi- 2006; Aime et al. 2018; Spirin et al. 2018; Malysheva et al. larity of the two species and has not yet been verifed with 2020) and two species were assigned to the genus Achroomy- the use of DNA methods.
    [Show full text]
  • A Higher-Level Phylogenetic Classification of the Fungi
    mycological research 111 (2007) 509–547 available at www.sciencedirect.com journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi David S. HIBBETTa,*, Manfred BINDERa, Joseph F. BISCHOFFb, Meredith BLACKWELLc, Paul F. CANNONd, Ove E. ERIKSSONe, Sabine HUHNDORFf, Timothy JAMESg, Paul M. KIRKd, Robert LU¨ CKINGf, H. THORSTEN LUMBSCHf, Franc¸ois LUTZONIg, P. Brandon MATHENYa, David J. MCLAUGHLINh, Martha J. POWELLi, Scott REDHEAD j, Conrad L. SCHOCHk, Joseph W. SPATAFORAk, Joost A. STALPERSl, Rytas VILGALYSg, M. Catherine AIMEm, Andre´ APTROOTn, Robert BAUERo, Dominik BEGEROWp, Gerald L. BENNYq, Lisa A. CASTLEBURYm, Pedro W. CROUSl, Yu-Cheng DAIr, Walter GAMSl, David M. GEISERs, Gareth W. GRIFFITHt,Ce´cile GUEIDANg, David L. HAWKSWORTHu, Geir HESTMARKv, Kentaro HOSAKAw, Richard A. HUMBERx, Kevin D. HYDEy, Joseph E. IRONSIDEt, Urmas KO˜ LJALGz, Cletus P. KURTZMANaa, Karl-Henrik LARSSONab, Robert LICHTWARDTac, Joyce LONGCOREad, Jolanta MIA˛ DLIKOWSKAg, Andrew MILLERae, Jean-Marc MONCALVOaf, Sharon MOZLEY-STANDRIDGEag, Franz OBERWINKLERo, Erast PARMASTOah, Vale´rie REEBg, Jack D. ROGERSai, Claude ROUXaj, Leif RYVARDENak, Jose´ Paulo SAMPAIOal, Arthur SCHU¨ ßLERam, Junta SUGIYAMAan, R. Greg THORNao, Leif TIBELLap, Wendy A. UNTEREINERaq, Christopher WALKERar, Zheng WANGa, Alex WEIRas, Michael WEISSo, Merlin M. WHITEat, Katarina WINKAe, Yi-Jian YAOau, Ning ZHANGav aBiology Department, Clark University, Worcester, MA 01610, USA bNational Library of Medicine, National Center for Biotechnology Information,
    [Show full text]
  • Notes, Outline and Divergence Times of Basidiomycota
    Fungal Diversity (2019) 99:105–367 https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-019-00435-4 (0123456789().,-volV)(0123456789().,- volV) Notes, outline and divergence times of Basidiomycota 1,2,3 1,4 3 5 5 Mao-Qiang He • Rui-Lin Zhao • Kevin D. Hyde • Dominik Begerow • Martin Kemler • 6 7 8,9 10 11 Andrey Yurkov • Eric H. C. McKenzie • Olivier Raspe´ • Makoto Kakishima • Santiago Sa´nchez-Ramı´rez • 12 13 14 15 16 Else C. Vellinga • Roy Halling • Viktor Papp • Ivan V. Zmitrovich • Bart Buyck • 8,9 3 17 18 1 Damien Ertz • Nalin N. Wijayawardene • Bao-Kai Cui • Nathan Schoutteten • Xin-Zhan Liu • 19 1 1,3 1 1 1 Tai-Hui Li • Yi-Jian Yao • Xin-Yu Zhu • An-Qi Liu • Guo-Jie Li • Ming-Zhe Zhang • 1 1 20 21,22 23 Zhi-Lin Ling • Bin Cao • Vladimı´r Antonı´n • Teun Boekhout • Bianca Denise Barbosa da Silva • 18 24 25 26 27 Eske De Crop • Cony Decock • Ba´lint Dima • Arun Kumar Dutta • Jack W. Fell • 28 29 30 31 Jo´ zsef Geml • Masoomeh Ghobad-Nejhad • Admir J. Giachini • Tatiana B. Gibertoni • 32 33,34 17 35 Sergio P. Gorjo´ n • Danny Haelewaters • Shuang-Hui He • Brendan P. Hodkinson • 36 37 38 39 40,41 Egon Horak • Tamotsu Hoshino • Alfredo Justo • Young Woon Lim • Nelson Menolli Jr. • 42 43,44 45 46 47 Armin Mesˇic´ • Jean-Marc Moncalvo • Gregory M. Mueller • La´szlo´ G. Nagy • R. Henrik Nilsson • 48 48 49 2 Machiel Noordeloos • Jorinde Nuytinck • Takamichi Orihara • Cheewangkoon Ratchadawan • 50,51 52 53 Mario Rajchenberg • Alexandre G.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of the Higher Level Classification of Pucciniomycotina Based on Combined Analyses of Nuclear Large and Small Subunit Rdna Sequences
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 896–905. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences M. Catherine Aime1 subphyla of Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species of USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, Pucciniomycotina have been described including Beltsville, Maryland 20705 putative saprotrophs and parasites of plants, animals P. Brandon Matheny and fungi. The overwhelming majority of these Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, (,90%) belong to a single order of obligate plant Massachusetts 01610 pathogens, the Pucciniales (5Uredinales), or rust fungi. We have assembled a dataset of previously Daniel A. Henk published and newly generated sequence data from USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 two nuclear rDNA genes (large subunit and small subunit) including exemplars from all known major Elizabeth M. Frieders groups in order to test hypotheses about evolutionary Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, relationships among the Pucciniomycotina. The Platteville, Wisconsin 53818 utility of combining nuc-lsu sequences spanning the R. Henrik Nilsson entire D1-D3 region with complete nuc-ssu sequences Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and for resolution and support of nodes is discussed. Our Environmental Sciences, Go¨teborg, Sweden study confirms Pucciniomycotina as a monophyletic Meike Piepenbring group of Basidiomycota. In total our results support J.W. Goethe-Universita¨t Frankfurt, Department of eight major clades ranked as classes (Agaricostilbo- Mycology, Frankfurt, Germany mycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryp- tomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbo- David J. McLaughlin tryomycetes, Mixiomycetes and Pucciniomycetes) and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108 18 orders.
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Overview of the Corticioid Atractiellomycetes
    VOLUME 2 DECEMBER 2018 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 311–340 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2018.02.09 A preliminary overview of the corticioidAtractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycetes) V. Spirin1,2,*, V. Malysheva3, G. Trichies4, A. Savchenko5, K. Põldmaa5, J. Nordén6, O. Miettinen1, K.-H. Larsson2 1Botany Unit (Mycology), Finnish Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland 2Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway 3Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prof. Popova str. 2, 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia 45, Empasse des Écoles, F-57700 Neufchef, France 5Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Lai 40, EE-51005 Tartu, Estonia 6Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Gaustadalléen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway *Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The taxonomy of the corticioid fungi from the class Atractiellomycetes (Pucciniomycotina, Basidiomycetes) corticioid species currently addressed to the genus Helicogloea, is revised based on morphological and nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS and LSU) phylogeny data. The genus is restricted to 25 species with semitranslucent, gelatinous basidiocarps lacking differentiated cystidia and rust fungi clamps on hyphae, of which 11 are described as new to science. The asexual genus Leucogloea is placed as a synonym of taxonomy Helicogloea s. str. Since the type species of Saccoblastia, S. ovispora, is combined to Helicogloea, a new genus, Saccosoma, is introduced to encompass Saccoblastia farinacea and six related species, one of which is described as new. In contrast to Helicogloea in the strict sense, the basidiocarps of Saccosoma are arid, not gelatinized, and hyphae are clamped.
    [Show full text]
  • 21St Century Guidebook to Fungi OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION of FUNGI
    Outline Classification of Fungi: Page 1 21st Century Guidebook to Fungi OUTLINE CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI Evolution and phylogeny Until the latter half of the twentieth century fungi were classified in the Plant Kingdom (strictly speaking into the subkingdom Cryptogamia, Division Fungi, subdivision Eumycotina) and were separated into four classes: the Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes (the latter also known as Fungi Imperfecti because they lacked a sexual cycle). These traditional groups of ‘fungi’ were largely defined by the morphology of their sexual organs, whether or not their hyphae had cross-walls (septa), and the ploidy (degree of repetition of the basic number of chromosomes) of nuclei in their vegetative mycelium. The slime moulds, all grouped in the subdivision Myxomycotina, were also included in Division Fungi. Around the middle of the twentieth century the three major kingdoms of multicellular eukaryotes were finally recognised as being absolutely distinct; the crucial character difference being the mode of nutrition: animals (whether single cells or multicellular) engulf food; plants photosynthesise; and fungi excrete digestive enzymes and absorb externally- digested nutrients. Other differences can be added to these. For example: in their cell membranes animals use cholesterol, fungi use ergosterol; in their cell walls, plants use cellulose (a glucose polymer), fungi use chitin (a glucosamine polymer); recent genomic surveys show that plant genomes lack gene sequences that are crucial in animal development, and vice-versa, and fungal genomes have none of the sequences that are important in controlling multicellular development in animals or plants. This latter point implies that animals, plants and fungi separated at a unicellular grade of organisation.
    [Show full text]
  • Mykologie Am Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik Und Mykologie Der Universität Tübingen, 1974-2011
    ©Staatl. Mus. f. Naturkde Karlsruhe & Naturwiss. Ver. Karlsruhe e.V.; download unter www.zobodat.at OBERWINKLER : Mykologie am Lehrstuhl der Universität Tübingen 1974-2011 23 Mykologie am Lehrstuhl Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie der Universität Tübingen, 1974-2011 FRANZ OBERWINKLER Kurzfassung onstendenzen der Pilze beigetragen. Zahlreiche Arten, Die mykologischen Forschungsaktivitäten am ehe- Gattungen, aber auch Familien und Ordnungen wur- maligen Lehrstuhl „Spezielle Botanik und Mykologie“ den von uns als neue Sippen beschrieben. der Universität Tübingen von 1974 bis 2011 und ihre Mit unserer Beteiligung an der Untersuchung „neu- internationale Ausstrahlung werden beschrieben. Leit- artiger Waldschäden“ begannen die Studien an Pilz- schiene des gemeinsamen mykologischen Forschungs- Wurzel-Vergesellschaftungen. In unseren Wäldern sind konzeptes war die Verknüpfung von Gelände- mit Labor- Arten der Kieferngewächse sowie der Buchen- und Bir- arbeiten sowie von Forschung mit Lehre. Dieses Konzept kengewächse dominant. Diese Wälder sind Ektomykor- spiegelte sich in einem weit gefächerten Lehrangebot, rhiza-Vegetationen. Ektomykorrhizen wurden von uns das insbesondere den Pflanzen als dem Hauptsubstrat über Jahrzehnte hinweg in heimischen Wäldern, dann der Pilze breiten Raum gab. Lichtmikroskopische Unter- aber auch in Taiwan und Südecuador beprobt und im suchungen der zellulären Baupläne von Pilzen bildeten Labor als Kulturen in ihrer Ontogenie und strukturellen das Fundament für unsere Arbeiten: Identifikationen, Differenzierung licht-
    [Show full text]
  • Papp Viktor.Pdf
    Doktori (PhD) értekezés A Juhdöglő-völgy Erdőrezervátum lignikol bazídiumos nagygombáinak taxonómiája és természetvédelmi helyzete PAPP VIKTOR Témavezető: Dr. Rimóczi Imre, DSc professor emeritus Budapest 2015 A doktori iskola megnevezése: Kertészettudományi Doktori Iskola tudományága: 4. Agrártudományok (4.1 Növénytermesztési és kertészeti tudományok) vezetője: Dr. Tóth Magdolna, DSc egyetemi tanár Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Gyümölcstermő Növények Tanszék Témavezető: Dr. Rimóczi Imre, DSc professor emeritus Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Kertészettudományi Kar, Növénytani Tanszék és Soroksári Botanikus Kert A doktori iskola- és a témavezető jóváhagyó aláírása: A jelölt a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában előírt valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, az értekezés műhelyvitájában elhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, ezért az értekezés védési eljárásra bocsátható. .................................................. .................................................. Dr. Tóth Magdolna Dr. Rimóczi Imre doktori iskola vezető témavezető 1 A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élettudományi Területi Doktori Tanácsának 2015. december 8-i határozatában a nyilvános vita lefolytatására az alábbi bíráló Bizottságot jelölte ki: BÍRÁLÓ BIZOTTSÁG: Elnöke: Balázs Sándor, MHAS, BCE Tagjai: Terbe István, DSc, BCE Lőkös László, PhD, MTM Bartha Dénes, DSc, NyME Opponensek: Vetter János, DSc, SZIE Lenti István, CSc, Nyíregyházi Főiskola Titkár: Balázs Gábor, PhD, BCE 2 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK
    [Show full text]
  • Aime Et Al 2006 Pucciniomycotina.Pdf
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 896–905. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 An overview of the higher level classification of Pucciniomycotina based on combined analyses of nuclear large and small subunit rDNA sequences M. Catherine Aime1 subphyla of Basidiomycota. More than 8000 species of USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, Pucciniomycotina have been described including Beltsville, Maryland 20705 putative saprotrophs and parasites of plants, animals P. Brandon Matheny and fungi. The overwhelming majority of these Biology Department, Clark University, Worcester, (,90%) belong to a single order of obligate plant Massachusetts 01610 pathogens, the Pucciniales (5Uredinales), or rust fungi. We have assembled a dataset of previously Daniel A. Henk published and newly generated sequence data from USDA-ARS, Systematic Botany and Mycology Lab, Beltsville, Maryland 20705 two nuclear rDNA genes (large subunit and small subunit) including exemplars from all known major Elizabeth M. Frieders groups in order to test hypotheses about evolutionary Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin, relationships among the Pucciniomycotina. The Platteville, Wisconsin 53818 utility of combining nuc-lsu sequences spanning the R. Henrik Nilsson entire D1-D3 region with complete nuc-ssu sequences Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and for resolution and support of nodes is discussed. Our Environmental Sciences, Go¨teborg, Sweden study confirms Pucciniomycotina as a monophyletic Meike Piepenbring group of Basidiomycota. In total our results support J.W. Goethe-Universita¨t Frankfurt, Department of eight major clades ranked as classes (Agaricostilbo- Mycology, Frankfurt, Germany mycetes, Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Cryp- tomycocolacomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbo- David J. McLaughlin tryomycetes, Mixiomycetes and Pucciniomycetes) and Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108 18 orders.
    [Show full text]
  • Classicula Sinensis, a New Species of Basidiomycetous Aquatic
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal MycoKeys 40: 1–12Classicula (2018) sinensis, a new species of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes... 1 doi: 10.3897/mycokeys.40.23828 RESEARCH ARTICLE MycoKeys http://mycokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Classicula sinensis, a new species of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes from southwest China Min Qiao1, Wenjun Li1, Ying Huang1, Jianping Xu1, Li Zhang1, Zefen Yu2 1 Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China 2 School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, No. 2 North, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, P. R. China Corresponding author: Zefen Yu ([email protected]) Academic editor: D. Begerow | Received 24 January 2018 | Accepted 5 September 2018 | Published 18 September 2018 Citation: Qiao M, Li W, Huang Y, Xu J, Zhang L, Yu Z (2018) Classicula sinensis, a new species of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes from southwest China. MycoKeys 40: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.40.23828 Abstract Classicula sinensis, isolated from decaying leaves from Mozigou, Chongqing Municipality, China, is de- scribed as a new species. The new species is a member of basidiomycetous aquatic hyphomycetes which represent a small proportion of all aquatic hyphomycetes. This species falls within the genus Classicula (Classiculaceae, Pucciniomycotina) and is closely related to C. fluitans, based on multiple gene sequence analyses. Morphologically, it is characterised by the apical, hyaline, obclavate or navicular conidia with sev- eral hair-like lateral appendages and by its holoblastic and monoblastic conidiogenesis, with a flat un-thick- ened conidiogenous locus.
    [Show full text]