Małopolska, Poland - Regional Profile 1
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MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE 1 REGIONAL PROFILE Małopolska, Poland GENERAL INFORMATION Country: Poland Region Name: Małopolska Region NUTS2 code*: PL21 - Małopolska Region NUTS3 code: PL21A – Oświęcimski Subregion Main urban centres in the region: the voivodeship contains 62 cities and towns. The largest towns are: Krakow – 756,757 Tarnow – 117,109 Nowy Sacz – 84,594 Oswiecim – 40,979 Chrzanow – 39,797 Olkusz – 37,552 *NUTS: Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics NOTICE ON COVID-19 The data and information presented in the regional profile were gathered prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, this profile does not reflect the impact of the pandemic and response measures on regional energy demand, on coal mining and power generation activities, and on other economic sectors. At the time of publication of this profile, the full consequences and implications of the pandemic for the region are emerging and evolving, although they can be expected to be significant. PLATFORM FOR COAL REGIONS IN TRANSITION MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE 2 Overview Małopolska is situated in southern Poland and has a in terms of the number of economic entities involved in population of 3.35 million. The region is composed of coal mining. In the western part of the region, their share 182 municipalities, of which 6 are significantly or directly in the total number of economic entities fluctuates around affected by coal mining activities. Małopolska is one of the 30%. Małopolska ranks 11th among all European regions regions which has been notably affected by low-carbon in terms of the number of coal-related direct jobs and 12th transformation in Poland and the European Union. The in terms of the risk of socio-economic effects of energy region’s energy transformation began in the 1990s. The transformation. One of the three of Małopolska’s coal closure of 3 mines (in Trzebinia in 2001, and some mine power plants is in the western part of the region (NUTS shafts in Libiąż and Brzeszcze) still has negative social, 3) - the Tauron Siersza Plant (located in Trzebinia, east of economic and environmental effects in the region. Katowice and close to Silesian border). The other two power plants in Małopolska are located in Skawina and Kraków. Małopolska’s two existing coal mines are in the western Western Małopolska and Krakow are strongly associated part of the region, in the Oświęcimski Subregion that with energy-intensive industries such as aluminium, steel, directly borders the mining area of Silesia (see map below) cement and chemical industry. where the coal industry is significant, and in some places a key employer. Małopolska is in the top five Polish regions LOCATION OF COAL MINES AND POWER PLANTS IN MAŁOPOLSKA REGION Source: PGI-NRI, modified PLATFORM FOR COAL REGIONS IN TRANSITION MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE 3 Regional socio-economic profile Subregion National Małopolska Oświęcimski Average Date / Source (NUTS 2) (NUTS 3) (NUTS 0) Population 2018 551,287 3,349,498 37,976,687 [persons] Eurostat (demo_r_d2jan) Population density 2017 273 222 124 [persons/km2] Eurostat (demo_r_d3dens) Employment 2018Q4 113,012 1,409,200 16,133,400 [No. persons employed] Eurostat (namq_10_a10_e) Employment rate 2018 N/A 72% 72% [% share of population aged 20- Eurostat (lfst_r_lfe2emprt) 64] Unemployment rate 2018 6.4% 2.9% 3.9% [% share of labour force aged Eurostat (lfst_r_lfu3rt) 15-74] GDP per person 2017 N/A €19,100 €20,900 [€] Eurostat (nama_10r_2gdp) Small and Medium-Sized Subregion National Małopolska Enterprises (SME) Oświęcimski Average Date / Source (NUTS 2) [% of total] (NUTS 3) (NUTS 0) 2018 Share of total employment N/A 73%* 68%* *Estimate based on GUS Educational attainment Subregion Oświęcimski Małopolska National Average % % 61,9 61,5 % % 33,0 30,9 * 9,2% 7,6% 5,1% Data / Source: 2018 Eurostat (edat_lfse_04) *Estimate based on data from the National Census Less than secondary education (levels 0 - 2) Secondary or post-secondary Tertiary education (levels 5 – 8) non-tertiary education (level 3 – 4) PLATFORM FOR COAL REGIONS IN TRANSITION MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 8,5% 15,5% Industry 1,4% Mining and Quarrying 3,1% 23,6% 19,7% accommodation and food services Industry Distributive trades, transport, 0,5% * Construction 1,0% 22,6% 26,3% Information and communication 8,2% Employment bysector Małopolska Małopolska 5,9% Construction GVA persector Financial and insurance activities 23,0% accommodation and food services 8,8% 22,9% Distributive trades, transport, 7,2% 3,2% 2,4% National Avera National Avera Real estate activities % Public administration,administrativeProfessional, defence, and supportscientific, education, services technical, human 3,0% Financial and insurance activities 30,2 2,3% 29,3% ge ge 0,8% health and social work activities 1,5% 8,1% Arts, entertainment and recreation; 5,8% 4,4% 9,1% Other services 18,5% 21,3% other services 28,8% 3,9% 25,0% 3,0% Data / Source: 2017 GUS Data / Source: 2017 GUS *Estimate based on data on mine employees. 4 PLATFORM FOR COAL REGIONS IN TRANSITION MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE 5 General description of the economic Regional coal industry and demographic profile of the region and power plant profile including notable trends and projections Poland faces a declining and ageing population, which is apparent through a decreased share of young people Overview and general characteristics and an increase in the population aged between 44 and of coal-related industry 64, and of post-working age. By contrast, since 2004, Małopolska observed an increase of its population (by Hard coal mining in Poland is centred around three approximately 178,000 people). This increase is forecasted coalfields: Upper Silesia Basin, Lower Silesia Basin and to continue, with the Central Statistical Office projecting Lublin Coal Basin. Over 80% of coal deposits in Poland are that Małopolska will see a population increase of 0.7% in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. Małopolska’s coal mines through to 2035 (with respect to 2014), resulting from are located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin but they make both births and (net) inward migration. up only a small part of production in the Basin, with most coal mines located in the neighbouring Silesia region. Poland in general, and Małopolska particularly, have very low unemployment rates (3.9% and 2.9%, respectively). Mining communities are concentrated in the Western part The employment rate in Małopolska stands at 72%. of Małopolska in the Oświęcimski Subregion (NUTS 3), Workers enjoy a high level of education, with only 5.1% of which borders with Silesia. The hard coal is extracted in two population of Małopolska having a low educational level coal mines (KWK Janina in Libiąż and KWK “Brzeszcze”), (levels 0 to 2), compared to a national average of 7.6%. with a total annual production of over 2.3 million tons/yr. The region has also a higher share of people with tertiary educational level (33.0% compared to a national average The three coal power plants in Małopolska were of 30.9%). commissioned in 1957, 1962 and 1977. The Tauron Siersza Plant is located at Trzebinia, east of Katowice and The region’s gross domestic product (GDP) was €37.6 close to Silesian border. The installed capacity is 546 MW billion in 2017, representing about 8.1% of national GDP. and the thermal capacity is 36.5 MW. The Skawina Power GDP per capita is slightly below the national average Plant is located 20 km south-west of Krakow (the installed (at €19,100 compared to €20,900 at national level in capacity is 490 MW) and the Krakow Power Plant is located 2017). There is a growing importance of sectors such as near Krakow (the installed capacity is 460 MW and the high-tech manufacturing and automotive industries, but thermal capacity is 1,547 MW). traditional sectors (metallurgy, heavy chemicals, mining, metal, and tobacco and food industries) continue to constitute Małopolska’s regional economic base. With 55.4 Socio-economic characteristics micro, small or medium enterprises per 1000 inhabitants, of coal-related industry Małopolska ranks above the Polish average of 49.7. Annual hard coal consumption in Małopolska is over 5 million tons, with locally extracted coal used for coal-fired power generation in the region. In 2018, power generation (electricity plants, combined heat and power plants (CHP) and heat plants) consumed over 2.6 million tons of coal, while industry and construction consumed around 1.3 million tons, and small consumers around 1 million tons. Hard coal is one of the primary fuels used by Małopolska’s households for heating purposes, especially among people affected by energy poverty. It is estimated that about 8.5 % of households in Małopolska are energy poor. Households consume over 920 thousand tons of hard coal (18% of total hard coal consumption in the region), with more than 400,000 coal boilers estimated to be operated in Małopolska, which has negative impact on air quality. PLATFORM FOR COAL REGIONS IN TRANSITION MAŁOPOLSKA, POLAND - REGIONAL PROFILE 6 Coal mining Date Type of coal Hard coal Type of coal extraction Underground mining Number of coal mines 2 2018 Annual production of 2.3 million tons 2018 coal Coal mining enterprises Number of Company Name Mine Name Ownership Date employees Janina 2,389 Mining Plant Mixed Tauron 2019 Brzeszcze (30% ownership by Treasury) 1,609 Mining Plant Coal power plants Date Number of coal power plants 3 2019 Installed capacity 1,576 MW 2019 Share of coal in regional power generation mix 80% 2019 Main (largest) coal power plant operators Ownership Number of Company Name Plant name Date (e.g. public or private) employees Siersza Power Mixed Tauron 300 2019 Plant (30% ownership by Treasury) Skawina CHP Mixed CEZ Group Coal Power (70% ownership by Treasury of the 200 2019 Plant Czech Republic) Krakow CHP Mixed PGE Coal Power 700 2019 (57% ownership of Treasury) Plant Regional employment in coal mining and coal power plants Share of total regional Employment Number Date employment [%] Coal mining 3,998 0.3% 2019 (direct employment) Coal power plants 1,200 0.08% 2019 (direct employment) Other coal-related activities 3,703 0.2% 2018 [e.g.