Contents of first volumes of http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl Geographia Poloriica 3 Problems of Applied Geography II http://rcin.org.pl Geogr aphia Polonica 3 http://rcin.org.pl INSTITUTE OF BRITISH GEOGRAPHERS INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY . POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Problems of Applied Geography ii Proceedings of the Anglo-Polish Seminar Keele, September 9-20, 1962 PWN—POLISH SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHERS WARSZAWA 1964 http://rcin.org.pl Editors of Geographia Polonica STANISŁAW LESZCZYCKI — Editor-in-Chief JERZY KONDRACKI, JERZY KOSTROWICKI, LESZEK KOSIŃSKI — Secretary Editors of this volume STANLEY H. BEAVER LESZEK KOSIŃSKI Copyright by Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Warszawa 1964 Printed in Poland (D.R.P.) http://rcin.org.pl CONTENTS Foreword vii List of Participants in Second Anglo-Polish Seminar ix The Report of the Meeting . xi Resolution approved by the Participants in the Seminar xvii STANLEY H. BEAVER The Potteries — a brief summary 1 JOHN R. JAMES Town and Country Planning in England and Wales — a brief sketch of some major problems 9 STANISŁAW LESZCZYCKI Applied Geography or Practical Application of Geographical Research 11 MICHAEL J. WISE The Scope and Aims of Applied Geography in Great Britain 23 KAZIMIERZ DZIEWOŃSKI Urbanization in Contemporary Poland 37 ANTONI KUKLIŃSKI Progress and Change in the Industrialization of Poland 57 KENNETH C. EDWARDS The Problem of Small Towns in England and Wales 71 MARIA KIELCZEWSKA-ZALESKA Changes in the Functions and Structure of Small Towns in Poland 79 DAVID T. HERBERT and WILLIAM M. WILLIAMS Some New Techniques for studying Urban Sub-divisions 93 ANDRZEJ WRÓBEL Methods of Functional Analysis in Urban Studies in Poland 119 ANDRZEJ WERWICKI Changes in the Basic Functions of Towns in Lower Silesia and their Influence on Urban Development 125 RICHARD H. OSBORNE Migration Trends in England and Wales, 1901-1951 137 LUDWIK STRASZEWICZ Migration Movements in Four Industrial Towns near Łódź, 1959-1961 163 JERZY KOSTROWICKI The Influence of Industrialization and Urbanization on Land Use and Agriculture in Poland 175 HARRY C. K. HENDERSON Agriculture and Urbanization in England and Wales 193 SYLWIA GILEWSKA Changes in Geographical Environment brought about by Industrialization and Urba- nization 201 v http://rcin.org.pl vi H. BRIAN RODGERS Recent Industrial Changes in North-West England and Their Social Consequences . 211 JAN SZCZEPKOWSKI Problems of Industrialization and Urbanization in the Lower Vistula Valley . 229 RAJMUNDHydrologica l ResearcGALON h for the Needs of the Regional Economy 239 WIESŁAWA RÓŻYCKA Physiographic Research in Town and Country Planning 251 STANLEY GREGORY Some Aspects of Water Resource Development in Relation to Lancashire .... 263 http://rcin.org.pl FOREWORD The first Anglo-Polish Seminar was held in Poland in September 1959, and the papers read and discussed at those meetings were subsequently published under the title "Problems of Applied Geography". At the conclusion of the Seminar a resolution was passed stressing the value of the mutual exchange of opinions and points of view, and agreeing to hold a further meeting in Great Britain after a suitable interval of time. The second meeting took place at the University of Keele in September 1962; it was organized by the Institute of British Geographers, with the cooperation of the Institute of Geography of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and with generous financial help from the Frederick Soddy Trust. The officials of the two Institutes upon whom most of the organization devolved were Dr. Osborne on the British side and Mr. Werwicki on the Polish side. S. H. BEAVER Leader of the British Delegation The Polish members of the Seminar are deeply appreciative of the hospitality afforded to them by their British colleagues, in London, at Keele and other University Centres, and would like to express their gratitude for the friendly atmosphere in which the whole meeting was conducted. They would also like to return thanks for the handsome gift of British maps which each member of the group received. S. LES2C2YCK1 Leader of the Polish Delegation vii http://rcin.org.pl http://rcin.org.pl LIST OF PARTICIPANTS IN SECOND ANGLO-POLISH SEMINAR GREAT BRITAIN 1. Prof. S. H. Beaver, University of Keele 3. Prof. T. H. Elkins, University of Sussex 4. Prof. A. E. Smailes, Queen Mary College, University of London 5. Prof. M. J. Wise, London School of Economics and Political Science, University of London 6. Dr. E. Brooks, University of Liverpool 7. Mr. A. A. L. Caesar, University of Cambridge 8. Mr. R. A. French, University College, London 9. Dr. S. Gregory, University of Liverpool 10. Dr. H. C. K. Henderson, Birkbeck College, University of London 11. Mr. D. Herbert, University of Keele 12. Mr. G. North, University of Manchester 13. Dr. R. H. Osborne, University of Nottingham 14. Mr. H. B. Rodgers, University of Manchester 15. Mr. W. M. Williams, University of Keele 16. Miss Joan M. Kenworthy, University of Liverpool 17. Dr. Margaret C. Storrie, Bedford College, University of London POLAND 1. Prof. S. Leszczycki, Institute of Geography, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa (P.A.N.), Warsaw University 2. Prof. K. Dziewoński, P.A.N., Warszawa 3. Prof. R. Galon, P.A.N., Copernicus University, Toruń 4. Prof. Maria Kielczewska-Zaleska, P.A.N., Warszawa 5. Prof. J. Kostrowicki, P.A.N., Warszawa 6. Prof. A. Wrzosek, Jagellonian University, Krakow 7. Dr. Sylwia Gilewska, P.A.N., Kraków 8. Dr. A. Kukliński, P.A.N., Warszawa ix http://rcin.org.pl X 9. Mrs. Wiesława Różycka, Institute of Town Planning and Architecture, Warszawa 10. Mr. J. Szczepkowski, Regional Planning Bureau, Bydgoszcz 11. Mr. A. Werwicki, P.A.N., Warszawa 12. Dr. A. Wróbel, P.A.N., Warszawa http://rcin.org.pl THE REPORT OF THE MEETING THE Polish and British members of the Seminar assembled on the evening of Sunday, September 9th, at Canterbury Hall, W.C.I, one of the Halls of Residence of the University of London. The proceedings were opened with a speech of welcome by Professor S. H. Beaver, Vice-President of the Institute of British Geographers and leader of the British delegation, after which Mr. J. R. James, Chief Planner in the Ministry of Housing & Local Govern- ment, gave an address on some major problems of Town & Country Planning in England and Wales. On Monday, September 10th, the Seminar visited the Ministry of Housing & Local Government in Whitehall, where Mr. James, Dr. E. C, Willatts and other senior members of the staff talked informally about the planning process and about an exhibition of maps and plans showing various aspects of the Department's work. These included some of the published and other national planning maps on the scale of 1 : 625,000 designed to show for the whole country, e.g. the physical background, land use pattern, economic resources and the distribution of population and its trends of change. Other maps showed the up-to-date position in the control of the outward growth of major cities through the policy of defining and confirming Green Belts and protecting the surrounding countryside and of the protection of a considerable portion of the remoter countryside by means of the creation of National Parks and the designation and confirmation of other tracts as Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, which together with Green Belts, now safeguard about 23% of the whole country. The method by which the local planning authorities control development was demonstrated by means of typical Development Plans for a rural county and the Town Map and Programme Map for a county borough. These are prepared by the local planning authorities and become the operative frame- work for development control after they have been officially approved by the Minister. The programme designating and developing New Towns, of which two have already been completed and ten others are at various stages of construc- xi http://rcin.org.pl Xli PROBLEMS OF APPLIED GEOGRAPHY tion in England and Wales was shown, with the aid of plans, lay-outs and photographs. At luncheon the members were the guests of the British Council at its headquarters, and the afternoon was free for private visits or sightseeing, In the evening dinner was taken at the National Liberal Club by kind invitation of Mr. E. G. Godfrey. Tuesday 11th was occupied by the journey from London to Keele. Taking advantage of the motorway Ml, a speedy traverse of the succession of vales and scarps in the Tertiary, Cretaceous and Jurassic formations was followed by a brief halt in Coventry—just time enough to see the exterior of the new Cathedral—and a continuation to Birmingham University. Here, after a short lecture by Mr. M. B. Stedman on the re-development of the city and a lunch at which the party was entertained by Professor D. L. Linton, President of the I.B.G., the party was conducted on a short tour of the re-developed central areas. The final part of the journey lay through the industrial district known as the Black Country to Wolverhampton, and across the agricultural plain of mid-Staffordshire, to Keele, on the edge of the North Staffordshire coalfield. In the evening, in the elegant, richly decorated ball-room of Keele Hall, the central building of the University of Keele, Professor Beaver gave an illustrated lecture on the Potteries district. On Wednesday 12th the first group of papers was read and discussed. The morning was devoted, under the chairmanship of Professor Beaver, to the discussion of methodological problems, with papers by Professor Leszczycki and Professor Wise. In the afternoon, with Professor Leszczycki in the chair, papers by Professor Dziewoński, Dr. Kukliński, Professor Smailes and Profes- sor Elkins, on the theme of urbanization and industrialization were discussed.