Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85040-7 - Martyrdom in Islam David Cook Index More information

Index

Abbasid/Abbasids (see caliph), xii, 49–52, 56, Antiochus IV Epiphanes (see Greek, 59, 62, 102, 168 Hellenization), 5–6
Abd al-Aziz b. Umar, 103 apocalypse, 125–26
Abd al-Salam Faraj, Muhammad, 141 apocalyptic, 6, 125, 126 al-Farida al-ghaiba (The Neglected Duty), “Daniel Apocalypse,” 125 141 ascetic, 11 Abdallah b. Ghalib, Abu Firas (see al-Harrani), asceticism, 63 118, 120 Ashura, 4 Abu Adam Jibril al-Amriki, 180, 182 al-Asmar, Hilmi, 174 Abu
Aysha, Darin (see suicide attacks), 157 Aurengzeb, 76, 79, 80 Abu Bakr (see caliph), 13, 47, 120
Ayyash, Yehye, 157, 158, 174 Abu Muslim (see martyr), 108–10, 166–69 Azzam,
Abdallah, 145, 158–61 Abu Rahma, Talal, 156 Afghanistan, 64, 76, 107, 108, 145, 146, 150, al-Balkhi, Shaqiq, 64 (see martyrs, Sufi) 154, 158, 163, 175–78 Battal, Sayyid, 112 Africa, 90, 92, 97 baraka, ix, 94, 181 East, 90–94, 104 Battle of Ethiopian, 10 Badr, xii, 15, 18, 21, 23, 24, 93 North, 26 the Camel, 53 Swahili, 118 the Harra, 46 slavery, 14 the Khandaq, xii slave/slaves, 13 Manzikert, 83 West, 50, 74–75, 86–90, 94 Magnesia, 5 ahl al-sunna, 181 Mu
ta, 25, 60 al-Akhras, Ayat (see martyr), 163 Nahrawan, 54 al-Albani, Nasir al-Din, 153 Siffin, 53, 54 Albania, 145 Uhud, xii, 15, 18, 24, 37, 43, 72, 93, 103, Alexander the Great, 5 114 Allah (see God), 13, 152 Bedouin, 16 and martyrs, 17, 31–32, 126, 174 belief system, 1, 2, 4, 5, 13, 63, 97 approval, 169, 182 Bektash, Haji, 84 blessings of, 181 Bible, 5, 16, 19 enemies of, 180–81 Bilal (see Africa, slave), 13, 14, 21, 22, 25, 87 Qur
anic verses, 12–13, 16, 41, 126, bin Laden, Osama (see Osama bin Laden; 183 al-Qa
ida) rewards, 19, 42 Birqa, Allah-Yar, 81 thanks to, 180 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 145 “Allahu akbar!,” ix, 38, 54, 177, 181, 182, Bosnian-Herzegovinan War, 178 Allahumma, 172 Buddhist, 74, 117 “An American Shahid,” 180–183 Zen, 23 al-Ansari, Abu Ayyub, 27 al-Bukhari, 124 antinomianism, 64 Byzantine Empire, 25, 26, 30, 84, 112

202

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85040-7 - Martyrdom in Islam David Cook Index More information

Index 203

Byzantines, 25, 26, 30, 64, 65, 83, 112, 122, Fuzuli (see martyrs of love), 111–13 125 Layla and Majnun, 104, 110–13

caliph, 120, 130 Gama
at al-Islamiyya, 141–43
Abbasid, xii, 49–52, 56, 59, 62, 102, 168 Ganges, 74, 79 caliphate, 26, 46, 47, 53, 55, 60, 159 al-Ghazali (see Sufi), 42 Chechnya, 145, 147, 152, 177 ghulam, 172 children, 35, 36, 56, 57, 58, 100, 123, 131, 141 God (see Allah), 1, 9, 13, 16, 32, 123 China, 166 glory of, 9 Christian/Christians, 7, 10, 12, 30, 74, 138, 144 path of, 19, 36, 126, 181 Anatolia (Turkey), 70, 74, 83, 84, 112 power of, 22, 146 Maronite, 141 relationship with, 9 Najran, 9, 20, 71 will of, 10, 54, 66, 128 Nestorian, 74 word of, 1, 36, 50n, 51, 142 Nubian, 92 government, 142 Communist, 136, 145, 166 anti-government jihad, 143 companions (see Muhammad) Great Britain, 135–36 of the Pit (Ashab al-ukhdud)(see narrative), Greek, 5 ix, 20, 71, 138, 139, 148, 152, 165 Alexander the Great, 5 of the Right, 32 Antiochus Epiphanes IV, 5–6 Constantine, Emperor, 10 Hellenization, 5 Constantinople, xii, 27, 41, 84, 105, 134 Selucid Empire, 5–6 conversion, 3, 11, 39, 53, 74–76, 79, 83, 166 Grenada, 85 Marxist interpretation, 76 Moriscos, 85–86 hadith, ix, 11, 33, 36, 71, 144, 152, 153 Crusaders, 40, 112 literature, 21, 27, 33, 44, 126, 127, 147, 160, Crusades, 40, 106, 123 167 collection, 126 Dajjal, 126 collectors, 33 Dan Fodio, Shehu Usuman (
Uthman) (see hagiography, 158, 159 Africa, West), 89, 94 hagiographical, 1, 2, 51, 58, 60, 74, 78, 84, Day of Resurrection (see apocalypse), 128 149, 154, 160 Death, 69, 94, 114, 116 hajj, ix, 34, 35, 65 Diwan al-Hamasa,62 al-Hallaj, Husayn b. al-Mansur, 67 al-Durra, Muhammad, 156 Hallajian (referring to al-Hallaj), 98 al-Hamadani,
Ayn al-Qudat (see martyr, Sufi), Egypt, 26, 29, 40, 47, 48, 54, 69, 183, 141, 162 69 Eleazar, 6, 7, 9, 10 Hamas (Harakat al-muqawama al-Islamiyya), epic heroes, 104–07 144 Antara b. Shaddad, 105 Hamza, 17, 24–25, 114 Ethiopian (see Africa, East), 10 al-Haqq, General Zia, 145 evil, 9, 68, 114, 126, 130, 152 al-Harith b. al-Sharid, 102 absolute, 3 al-Harrani, Abdallah b. Ghalib (see
Abdallah exegesis of Quran, 32 b. Ghalib), 116 expiation, 4, 36, 61, 117, 126–29 al-Hashimiyya, Umm Ibrahim, 122 hell (see reward/punishment), 36, 38, 42, 46, Fatima, 53, 88, 125, 133 49, 128, 129 fatwas, 151, 153 hijra, ix, xii, 14, 15, 23, 82, 89 al-Fazari, Abu Ishaq, 36, 121 Hindu, 74–81 Ferdinand II of Aragon, 85 Hizbullah, 141, 155 fighters (see jihad, mujahidin), 145 homosexual (see also martyrs of love), 98, Firdawsi, 107 103 Shahnamah, 104, 107 houris, ix, 32, 33, 37, 38, 39, 90, 91, 112, 117, France, 26, 93, 136, 156 120, 144, 156, 157, 160 Fulani (see Africa, West), xiii, 87–90, 94 women of paradise, 32, 33n, 119, 122, 163

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85040-7 - Martyrdom in Islam David Cook Index More information

204 Index

Hunwick, John, 89 al-Mazini, Qutari b. Fuja
a, 62 Husayn, 4, 46, 48, 55–61, 109, 154 Kharijism, 54, 62, 87 Khattab (see al-Suwaylam, Sami), 21, 26, 119, Ibn Abi al-Dunya, 120 177 Kitab al-marad wa-l-kaffarat (The Book of Khost, 176 Sickness and Expiation), 127 Khubayb b.
Adi, 21–22 Ibn Abi Zaminayn (see sex), 39 Khurasan, 64–5, 73, 103, 108–09 Qudwat al-ghazi,39 al-Khumayni, Ayatullah Ruhullah, 138 Nujayh, 39 King, Martin Luther, Jr., 180 Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani, 43 Krishna, 77 Ibn al-Duri, 103 Kufa, 4, 47, 49, 56, 61, 129 Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad, 50 kufr, 180 Ibn Hanbal, Salih b. Ahmad, 51 al-Kuwaiti, Abu Mu
adh, 178 Sirat al-Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal (The Life of the Imam Ahmad b. Hanbal), 51 Lebanon, 112, 140–41, 143, 151, 155 Ibn al-Mubarak, Abdullah, 36, 38, 40, 66, 126, Lodi, Sikandar, 78–79 169 Ibn al-Nahhas (see jihad), 30, 40, 41, 122, 149 Maccabean, 5–6 Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyya, 100 Eleazar (see Martyrs, Jewish), 6–7 Ibrahim b. Adham, 64–66, 113–14, 169 Revolt, 6 Idumeans, 5 Mahmud of Ghazna, 76–77, 83 India, 68, 74–80, 97, 175 Majnun and Layla (see Firdawsi; Jami), Indian Mutiny of 1857, 83 99–100, 104, 110–13 Indonesia (see Malaysia), 94–97 Malaysia (see Indonesia), 94–97 epics, 113 epics, 113 Indus, 26, 74 al-Mansur, Abu Ja
far (see caliph,
Abbasid), inshaallah, 178 108, 166 Intifada, First, 143, 155 martyr/martyrs (see narratives), 166 Intifada, Second, 155–56 Christian, 20, 71 Iraq, 26, 47–49, 53, 57, 62, 69, 114, 121, 154, of Najran, 20 168 Paul of Tarsus, 9 Isabel I of Castile, 85 Polycarp, 9–10 Islamic Revolution in Iran, 155 Stephen, 9 Jewish, 5–9, 21 Ja
far al-Tayyar, 25–26, 60 Eleazar, 5–6, 9 Jalalabad, 176 Jesus Christ, 8–9 Jami, 104 John the Baptist, 19 Jamil and Buthayna, 99, 101 Muslim, 14, 26–27, 30, 95, 118, 127, 165 jannah, jannat (see paradise), 178 Abu Muslim, 108–09, 166–69 Jesus (Jesus Christ) (see martyr, Jewish), 8–10, al-Balkhi, Shaqiq, 64 19, 23, 49, 50, 58, 68, 73, 114, 126, 130 Bilal, 13–14, 21–22, 25, 87 jihad, ix, 119 Ibrahim b. Adham, 64–66, 113–14, 169 “fi sabil Allah,” 140, 148, 165, 181, 182 Kharijite, 62–63 mujahidin (see fighters), x, 83, 145, 159, Sufi, 63–65: of love (see also martyrs of 177, 178, 181 love), 81–82 poetry, 123 al-Hamadani,
Ayn al-Qudat, 69 jizya,x,76 al-Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din, 69 John the Baptist (see martyr, Jewish), 19 Sumayya bint Khayyat (see woman), 14 Turkish, 83–85 Kabir, 17, 20, 78 sectarian, 27, 44–46 Karbala, 55–57, 61, 132–33, 141 seven categories of martyrs (see jihad), 34–35 Kabul, 107, 177 symbols, 117 Khalili, Masood, viii, 175 types of al-Khariji, Abu Bilal Mirdas b. Udiyya, 63 innocent martyr, 22: Khubayb b.
Adi, Kharijites (see martyrs, Kharijite), 62 21–22

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85040-7 - Martyrdom in Islam David Cook Index More information

Index 205

fighting martyr, 23, 25, 44, 166: Hamza, Bosnian-Herzegovinan, 160 147 17, 24–25, 114; Ja
far al-Tayyar, Chechen, 176 25–26, 60 Kashmiri, 180–82 martyrs of love (see Sufism), 98–99, 115, Palestinian, 174 147: Majnun and Layla, 99–100 martyrs by torture, 135, 173 Olandar, Shah, 81 philosopher martyr, 166 Operation Miracle, 178 scientific martyr, 166 Osama bin Laden (see also al-Qa
ida), martyrdom, 1–7, 174 175 audience, 1–4, 129 Christian, 8–11, 117 pain, 1, 4, 32, 71, 127, 177, 180 defiance, 2, 30, 121 Palestinian, 144 death, 1–2, 6–11, 17, 23, 25 al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades, the, 145 enemy, 1–3, 36, 41, 57 Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), Jewish, 117 143 poetry, 121, 161–62 pantheism, 80, 94 narrative, 1–4, 8–10, 22, 125 paradise (see houris; reward/punishment), suffering, 1–4, 12, 14 9, 17, 19, 23, 32, 33, 37, 46, 56, 65, witness, 1–3, 16–17, 20, 147 87, 91, 112, 114, 118–23, 126, 157, martyrology, 11, 29, 30,79, 84, 92, 94, 98, 118, 160 155, 158, 180 Penitents, the, 61, 129 Quranic, 18, 20 al-Tawwabun,61 martyrologies Peshawar, 145, 177 Buddhist, 170 plague, 28 Christian, 114, 129 of Emmaus, 28 Muslim/Islamic, 92, 98, 144–45, 161, Black, of Egypt, 29 170 martyrs of, 34 remembrance, 130–31 poison, 106, 177 Shi
ite, 52–61: Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani, Polycarp (see martyr, Christian), 9, 10 52 Pontius Pilate, 8 masjid, 96, 178 prayer, ix, x, 10, 16, 22, 28, 29, 35, 50, 54, Mas
ud, Salar, 77 130, 181 al-Mawdudi, Abu al-Ala, 138 prison, 51, 67, 71, 139, 179 Mecca, 1, 13–16, 21–22 propaganda, 53, 108, 109, 136 Medina, 14–16, 24, 26, 46 Massoud, Ahmad (Ahmed) Shah, 175, 176 missionary, 1, 5, 23, 73, 136, 166 missions, 23, 166 qafqaz.com, 177 monk, 172–73 al-Qa
ida (see Osama bin Laden), 145 Morocco, 164 Quran, 12, 13, 15–21, 24, 27, 30, 32, 36 mosque (see masjid), 96, 178, 180 Quraysh, 12 Muhammad, 1, 14, 25–27, 86, 122, 139, 151 Qutb, Sayyid, 138 companions of, 46, 48, 53, 127, 131 Fi Zilal al-Qur
an, 138 family of, 55 muhtasib,x,35 radical Islam, 138, 141–42 al-Mulk, Nizam, 168–69 Rakush, 107 murabit,x,34 Rawzat al-shuhada, 131, 132 musk (see symbol), 118 redemption, 128 remembrance (see martyrology), 130–31 narratives/narrative, 115, 133, 165 reward/punishment (see hell; houris; paradise), Shi
ite, 52–62 7, 18, 24, 33, 119, 123, 126 Sunni, 44, 47–52 God, 18, 23 Sufi, 63–73 Heaven, 32, 119 Contemporary Islamic martyrdom Rome, 5 narratives, 174–83 Pontius Pilate, 8 Afghani, 175 Roman Empire, 11

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-85040-7 - Martyrdom in Islam David Cook Index More information

206 Index

romance (see homosexuality; martyrs of love), Abwab al-sa
ada fi asbab al-shahada (The 99, 106, 113 Gates of Happiness concerning the love, 38, 73, 81, 98 Circumstances of Martyrdom), 33 lovers, 99, 101–02 syncretism, 80, 83, 89 lovesickness, 99, 100–02 syncretistic, 75, 77, 79, 80, 88, 92, 96 Rosenthal, Franz, 125 symbol/symbols (see martyr), 117 al-Rumi, Jalal al-Din Muhammad Mawlana, blood, 117 70–73 body, 118 Masnawi al-manawi (Couplets of Meaning), 71 al-Tabari, 108 Rustam, 107, 131 Tajikistan, 146 al-Takruri, Nawwaf, 149 al-Sadat, Anwar, 141 al-
Amaliyyat al-istishhadiyya fi al-mizan sahido (see shahid), 16 al-fiqhi (Martyrdom Operations in the sati,78 Legal Balance), 149 Schmucker, Werner, 154 Taliban, 163, 175, 176 sectarian, 27, 44–46, 139, 167 ta
ziya, x, 131, 132, 133, 140, 141, 155 September 11, 2001, 146 terrorist, 175 sex, 156 al-Thaqafi, al-Hajjaj b. Yusuf, 49, 130 sexual powers, 38 al-Tibrizi, Shams al-Din, 71–72 shahid, x, 16, 33, 36, 44, 110 theosophy, 70 Shahid, Sayyid Ahmad, 82 Thousand and One Nights, 106 Shahnamah (see Firdawsi), 104, 107 Timbuktu (see Africa, West), xiii, 88 shari
a, x, 27, 64, 76, 79, 95, 96, 138, 139, torture, 6, 14, 30, 135, 173, 179 147, 163 Turkey, 26, 70, 74, 83, 112, 140, 166 Shepard, William, 138 Turkish (see Battal), 68, 77 Shi
ite, 52–61 Imams, 60: assassination of, 60
Ubaydullah b. Ziyad, 45, 57, 63 occultation, 59 Umma, xi, 14, 150 Twelver, 59 Umar (see caliph), 27, 48, 120 shirk, x, 124, 161 Umar al-Nu
man, 106–07 shuhada (see shahid), 16, 17, 25, 31, 32, 98, The Story of Umar al-Nu
man and His Sons, 136, 148 106 Sikhs, 82, 83, 181 Thousand and One Nights, 106 Six-Day War of 1967, 137 Umayyads, 45, 50, 58, 110, 125 Soviet Union, 145
Urwa b. al-Zubayr, 127 Russia, 75
Uthman (see caliph), 120, 130 USSR, 140, 145, 166, 170 assassination of, 48, 53 Stephen (see martyr, Christian), 9 Uzbekistan, 145 suffering, 1–4, 8, 9, 12, 14, 17, 19–21, 60, 70 redemptive, 19, 57, 58 veneration, 131 Sufi/Sufism, 42 visions/prognostications, 117–27, 133 Chishti, 77 dreams, 119 al-Ghazali, 42 prognostications, 119, 127, 133 al-Suhrawardi, Shihab al-Din (see martyrs, interpretations, 119 Sufi), 69 suicide, 40–41, 148, 151, 162 Wahhabis, 131 suicide attacks, 41, 55, 141, 142, 148–53, Wahhabi Saudi Arabia, 137 157, 158, 163, 164: Abu
Aysha, Darin, woman/women, 34 157 al-Akhras, Ayat (see martyr), 163 martyrdom operations, 142, 148, 149–61 Sumayya bint Khayyat (see martyr), 14, 25 Yasin, Ahmad (see Hamas, martyrology), 158 Suvorova, Anne, 77 al-Suwaylam, Sami (see Khattab), 176 Zoroastrian, 109 al-Suyuti, Jalal al-Din, 33 Sindibad, 109

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org