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I. General Overview II. Humanitarian Situation

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I. General Overview II. Humanitarian Situation UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN UPDATE vol. 19 9 - 15 May 2008 Office of the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator in Kenya HIGHLIGHTS • Government operation continues to return IDPs. • Permanent Secretary of Special Programs reports that 114,000 displaced persons have returned to their pre-crisis homes since the end of the conflict. • Peace and Reconciliation Framework finalized by the Early Recovery Cluster. • Provisional nutritional survey results for Turkana, Samburu and Marsabit Districts show increase in malnutrition rates The information contained in this report has been compiled by OCHA from information received from the field, from national and international humanitarian partners and from other official sources. It does not represent a position from the United Nations. I. General Overview Discussions are ongoing within the Grand Coalition Government to determine the structure and respective powers of the President, Prime Minister and Vice President. The Government composition is intended to ensure a genuine coalition is formed, with the representation required to arbitrate disputes. The Prime Minister traveled to Kisumu District in the Nyanza/Western Region, where support for his party, Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), is strong. During his tour, the Prime Minister stated that a new constitution would be prepared within the year. Land legislation and past grievances continue to drive conflict throughout Kenya; as a key element of Agenda Item Four, which will include longer-term solutions to the drivers of conflict, the new constitution is expected to address land legislation. A Review of the Post Election Crisis Damage and Needs Assessment of the Land Sector by the Development Partners Group on Land in Kenya yielded many findings that must be addressed through the anticipated National Land Policy to ensure sustainable peace. Specifically, the report cites several circumstances that IDPs have faced in the absence of a clear land policy: displaced peoples could lose their land or speculators/evictors could take the land; infrastructure may have been destroyed which had formerly ascribed rights to access the land; those who have lost their sources of livelihoods may not be able to pay their loans; property values may have fluctuated due to the insecurity caused by violence, depreciating the value of some lands; and those displaced from informal settlements may not be able to claim non-formal rights to their previously occupied settlements upon return. Without intervention and consideration in the formulation of a clear land policy, it is anticipated that these scenarios could lead to long-term displacement for some IDPs, and could potentially precipitate future conflict if left unresolved. II. Humanitarian Situation The President launched a fundraising effort for over USD 460 million to meet the full costs of resettlement of IDPs, including reconstruction of basic housing, replacement of household effects and rehabilitation of infrastructure, such as community utilities and institutions destroyed during the post-election violence. The first day of the Appeal that was addressed to Kenyans (Government and the private sector) yielded over USD 7 million. As food scarcities threaten due to expected low production, several food stocks were threatened by various pests. Health officials reportedly seized 450kgs of grain in Mutomo, Kitui District, Eastern Province, which had been affected by aflatoxin, caused by poor storage and ventilation of the grain. Furthermore, 10,000 acres of pishoi and basmati rice were reportedly affected by rice blast, caused by changes in the weather, excessive irrigation, repeated cultivation and use of non- certified seeds. A 70% reduction in rice production in affected areas is expected due to the outbreak. Armyworms have also reportedly destroyed 50,000 acres of maize in Embuu District, Eastern Province and Murang’a South District, Central Province. The looming food scarcity is already expected to cause severe price spikes in food, worsening the impact of global price hikes in food and fuel. Any new threat to current production or stores could have a severe affect on food security at both the household and national levels. Fig. 1: Estimated food security conditions in Kenya, 2nd Quarter 2008 (April-June MAP Key: Generally Food Secure Highly Food Insecure Moderately Food Insecure Extremely Food Insecure Famine No Data Source: FEWSNET A recent inter-agency mission conducted an assessment of the integration of HIV into the humanitarian response in Kenya. The initial findings suggest that there was general national preparedness to integrate HIV/AIDS considerations into the response; however, these plans were not communicated to the locations of displacement and IDP camps, implementation was therefore inconsistent. Coordination mechanisms were reportedly established through cluster focal points, and a work plan had been developed; however, activities under the plan were not funded and there was no contingency for follow-up. Service delivery was reportedly very strong, building on the Academic Model for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS (AMPATH) system of HIV/AIDS control through a consortium, which existed before the conflict. Because it was not funded through the two FLASH appeals or the CERF, however, fundraising for an integration of HIV into the response was reportedly lacking. Security All regions were generally calm. The security situation is being reviewed in Eldoret, to evaluate whether it could be revised from phase 2 to phase 1. Some issues related to the security of returning IDPs have been raised and IDPs continue to stress the need for greater security in communities where they plan to return. 2 Population Movements and Displacement Trends Source: Kenya Red Cross, 13 May The Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Special Programs reported that 114,000 IDPs had returned to their homes countrywide since the end of the conflict. Since the beginning of the Government resettlement operation, it has been noted that some IDPs have been reluctant to return, citing fears related to insecurity and a need for greater reconciliation with communities. The Permanent Secretary has highlighted that the government would only compensate IDPs after resettlement; however, some IDPs are delaying return due to a lack of clarity on the returns processes, including the process for compensation. The regions citing the highest decrease in IDPs are the South Rift, North Rift and Nyanza; meanwhile, the KRC reported that Londiani, Kipkeilion Police Station, Kamwingi II, Mtaragon, and Leglu camps in Kipkelion District have closed. New IDP arrivals are registering at the Nyanza Camps. Trends over the first week of the government resettlement process, Operation Rudi Nyambani (Return Home), indicated that the operation had been preceded by spontaneous returns of those living in host communities, particularly in the North Rift Region. The Government operation, however, targeted farmers in IDP camps who were willing to return home and this population has comprised the majority of returnees under the operation. IDPs living in host communities outnumber those in camps and some of these are now awaiting inclusion in the government resettlement operation as well as information on how they will be compensated. Another trend has been the emergence of transit camps. Primarily comprised of IDPs who had been hosted by communities, these camps are growing in size and many have few resources and facilities for Source: Kenya Red Cross, 13 May residents. Furthermore, trends in intra-camp relations are emerging, based on IDPs’ ability and willingness to return. Because primarily farmers have registered for resettlement under the Government operation, a rift is emerging in some camps between those who have land to return to and those who have either lost their jobs or otherwise have nowhere to return to; indeed, those who are unable or unwilling to return fear the closure of camps once farmers have been resettled. Under the Guiding Principles on Displacement, the Government is required to give the displaced choices 3 and alternatives to returning to the areas from where they were displaced. This consideration will need to be addressed as the resettlement operation continues and increasingly engages those who may not wish to return to their places of displacement. Amidst concern from the humanitarian community that a participatory planning process for returns was lacking, at least 25 civil society organizations joined in an appeal to the Government to adopt a consultative approach to the resettlement if IDPs. Under the umbrella of PeaceNet Kenya, the organizations stressed that they supported resettlement efforts; however, they noted that the conditions for return had to be in place before the returns process was initiated. The Ministry of Special Programmes has reassured the humanitarian community of the holding of a consultative forum before month’s end where needed dialogue can happen. At the same time, provincial authorities in the Rift Valley Source: Kenya Red Cross, 13 May Province have also installed a weekly information exchange where feedback on current operations and information on the following week’s plans can be shared with the humanitarian community. South Rift Region Nakuru Town District: The DC in Nakuru plans to hold a meeting on 14 May with the IDPs in the Nakuru ASK Showground and the Afraha Stadium camps, comprised of 15,000 and 1,300 IDPs respectively. After the meeting, transport of those willing to return
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