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ExRef: Document Series / Year/ Number E/ICEF/1948/W.026 Doc Item Record Title Korea - Report on Special Mission by Dr. Marcel Junod
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Document Format Series/Year/SubSeries/Number/Rev: E/ICEF/1948/W.026; Doc Series/SubSeries/Year/Number/Rev:E/ICEF/W/1948/26 Doc Series: E/ICEF/W; Series Valid date on import: 01-Jan-1947; Doc Year: 1948; Doc Number: 0026; Doc
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iy>*L> «-*. *^ vg^/-^l
End of Report UNICEF D8 Name CFRAMP01 ECONOMIC CONSEIL j-coTTuOxJiTV**+*f ***^T**WrPv*'1\ e/ie-e? /vs/. .£.£> AND ECONOMIQUE j'./i'*Kr''/w- "". 'J" "**ir> ' ,•;'j. >• ' ' i.', SOCIAL COUNCIL ET SOCIAL ~ I *»crf 0t*-l 11*^ r OF.FVJIfAL.: i IIOLI^H
I)\\nl Di-r!; lU^n
UT'iirro NATIONS TLH^NATIONAL P'-i; LIEN'S IMOGEN :;Y FUIO "4 FROCrJU.'j.tlS CCIW17TKE • lv-pori iMi '"pncin.1 Mlnnlo:, ;.•) Kcr-'n t\v Dr. yiarc^l Junod
' Chinf of UNT7EF M.!n:!.ion, Chimi
7]v.trn(]fiy \p Auruat l^tfi 'c Do parted Shfinphai by air 1+.30 a.m. nrri^mg Socul 9;00 a.m. R».H'«lvffll f.t. Airfiold hy Mr. M. W. flchc/rnch'»r of Civil Affair.-,) U-.1AF1K V / 1 .I1 r;r. Kr.Tflvc-tl b'^VJonnrn.! Hrrl/'?, Cion'Tnlyf.oir.inMndiri^ U.", I'Orcon. Kcr-^i, vh:> Inmt'd lnl\l.y p\it Dr. JunM in lMU?h vith ropt'os^ritntiv r< :' 'h'i •Vp-vrUiuml cf \Jlvil Al'l'nir:.! -'u'U^/\F IK, I.-,. Col. T. J. Prlc", Mr. JM-k Hr.cv, Xid Mr. Mnr<: VJ. /':'•. •>rb'i"V:r.
. •; ' ir. Mf-t.liu* vj'h K>ro'iK ^rt'.'t'ir.In/ rr-nr^^":.'1. '.'I ivn of V'.iluiilur.v > •r:\.:i'-.<, IMl.1 R.-!|'r«.::tM'.',.':1.1v«.lN^r U1".Al'.y?f .' J V 1 j! A !'!''i 1 T.'! . I'^r.r. l.I:!l. M i,' .. • hf 'i ) .
M'-"t \\n: >M' M VfrrkJiif.' 'c'lwHt »NI c%(;iv^orf:Uruf IT]'IK r pdr'illon.'i Ii. v i••'', T with Dr. Y. r,. T,o«,' Pr.A^nV MJ.:t;i ilt»«j, j/.. c^l.'lrlCM, Mr. - . Hrirw f:.n.l Mr. X. Ichor1 ichoJ/ X
"jin'inf'. thl;1" n«-Ml Ir.cynr. .luurxl r\]uo.''.-r.»l r.'-nhor.i o!' (}\<^ World:'.'. iVrjnUi«:' i t, pi-fip:jyv lor hJ:n f: 1 JAlvii'crs1..1!'.io:i crnC'^ri In;.', I'ubl'/ H.-'il'h tuiil WollVuy in rp(Viru ' o 'no '"hllclruiu pt'o»>vuit wcm^ri r.:id viur.ilmr mr'thorn r\ Koro't.
< "• i .-i V I.-iltlr./:," Ch-"- r/Tnlop;i' . Dr. r;(yn,_v^j i K^!:'-,'. I.'r. ] Tic. ,Tlil"'d (h'-.'-W l.ht; 1\'\< »nt'; -in ri1' • 1-r- IS-., i HI.ii •• !<: '^r- <-!!«?« UNITED NATIONS EJTONATIONAL PHIIDKEN'S EMEH'JENOY FUND FEOGR/U-Mli: COMMITTEE • Koport on Special Mio.iion ta Koivu Vy Dr. Marcel Junod A ' Chinf of UNT.TEF Kinnlon, China Thursday 10 Aupaat 1QJ*8 u 1 i Departed Shanghai by air I*.30 a.m. arriving Seoul 9;00 a.m. . f • • •• • I RflCflivVd at- Airfield by Mr. M. W. Schorbachtr of Civil Affair.3, ;- U3AFIK •* 1.1'' yn Received by Gonoral Hodf;?, General Commanding U.3, Forcoo, Korea, who Inmodlately put Dr. Junod In touch with representative of the s> Department1 cf Civil Affair. Dr. Junod dv'W l.hc M!,i.uni.'i.on o.!' Ujn rroMldon' i.o ' h^ banic nrlnclpl.ir: ol1 TCfT5 pol'!<•;/ - •'.'I.) C5ov»-r:,!i!"ni'»l u./i! ")i ••:,•;; . lO Dlii' fll M ! ton i !' .ni ppj'.--.•! viLhuu- (I 1,'T-rJinlnMi 'on bo'Nr\;iM of 1 !•'•••(;, "n.fd, iiMi.li-ii.Mj.! :/ i'-'Mtu: , ••>• pt;l. it 1'*Ml bwli'il'; 1 v»'y Tin; i'l>.l l;'.'il.|. !; ui '.];•)•(,: i I'i'.'M' 'ii.'Vci'!i:n Tn*. Juni-t'. /VIYI- ?j«. Pl-.m* u r.-"\v i]' ')-•• i\.'»i'»'Mi:!";i(. M-'jifvt1 h.'ivi-^r. !}i. (J.jvtn'MWMit of iho K«ipub3. |.^ rT O.lnu «M-d UN'TffW-', E/ICEP/W96 PPW ? to be used as a model for any agreement to be signed botroon the Government of Koroa and ICEF. Saturday. 20 August 19Ag Visit to a refugee camp located in a former Japanese Tonplo, Housing conditions aro extremely bad, espacj-ally In the caves undor tho Toiuplo, whore families with up to fivo children are occupying a space of approximately 50 oq. foot, Some families aro living in former air raid shelters, dug Into tho rock, without- ventilation from any source except tho entrance* Those people are vory short of clothes, and have to secure their own foodj they do not receive any sub- oiclieo from tho Governmontt The same mornim; another visit was made to a refugee camp in the suburbs of Seoul. This camp gives sholtor to 500 families* Housing is in tho form of American Army pyramidal tents, some of which have boon top^r 100 f_cu:iilioo»vNo-.aubsidioo are granted by tho Govornmont to those .people, Soire of tho men have found work In factories! others who are jobless are obliged tc Bell their own belongings in order to live* Sanitary conditions are rather good* «•« Afternoon Visit to an -Orphanage run by tho City of Seoul, in which boys and ipirls who have lost their parents and aro found abandoned in the streets by the police are placed for a certain time. Later they aro sent to other orphanages, whe.ro they can receive' some education and professional training, Tho work done 'in these orphanages is ex- cellent, and they are vory woll organized, Dr., Junod oaw acme croupo of children arrivinc in tho C:u:.j3 at tho time of -his visit. Thoco children looked v..i7 bad, umlcrn'.'Urich'jd, rn'iny of tho chowinij oif^is of aufj'oriru- fros-, l"jri-bori (loi;:i uwollun, cr.icte fit the ci-riitr of tho mouth). Hun'"-y4 22 AUiMu.it 19Afl s Trip.,by joep with l.lr, 3now andi>!f. Scherbachor to I'tfth P"aT&Hyl, at tlio City af^Kaoaong, 60 miloa from Souul, ,Rocc;lvtjds4jy ..Colenjoa Fairphild • dn command of "•ho area, Vioitod a rofuf^ou jcamp at tho^bordor. Tho camp is cr-jriniaod on the/same linos ac those visited in Seoul, c-iiC composed or .American Army tents. The Doctor in Cri'1."t'O C>f M-irl'ofll Ri»r«flf«f*«s ,%*i^-^.^.4-,.> .JAW *v,. sholtor to 500 families. Housing is in tho form of American Army pyramidal tents, somo of which have been fortified with bricks or bamboo. The question of the wator supply is very difficult, there bpdhg only oho tap.for 100 families. No subsidies^ar^granted by tho Government to,these people. Some of tho men.have found work in factories;others who *vf jobless are obliged to soil their"'own belongings in order to live* Sanitary conditions are rather good. «•» Afternoon Visit to- an -Orphanage run by tho City of Seoul, in which • • boys and ipdrls who have lost their parents and are found abandoned in the streets by tho police are placed for a certain time, /Later they aro sent to other orphanages, wharo thoy can/receive somo education and professional . training, TXo work done 'in these orphanages is o#- coUunt, ajra they are vory woll organized. / i Dr., Jupocl caw acme (jroupo of children arriving In tho C:u:.j3 i& tho time of -his visit, Thoco children looked V',ry bad, undcrnouriohod, rrnny of tho showing oitfns of forin;1; fron lori-bori (lo^'J ov/ollon, cr.ickc at tho .rtier of tho mouth). Sun.Ky^ 22 Au^mt IM ,. - - ,..,.--- •••>••• , , - - - ^ - Trip by jeep with Mr4 Snow and to. Schorbachor to »,. 28th Parallel, at tho City of Kaosong, 60 miles from Souul, .Rocoivod by Colonel Fnirchildt in command of , "•ho area. ' ! i Viaitod a refugee camp at tho border. Tho camp is ! organized on tho same linos as those visited in Seoul, ' C.HL composed of American Army tents. The Doctor in rha^o of Madioal Sorvicos proceeded with the vaccina- tion of all refucooa. against smallpox, cholera, typhoid and typhus. The Government is furnishing , supplies such as rico, salt, flour, and tho American Army LB supplying Mnriod moats, fruit, and othor food- stuffs, Thoso jamps aro Capable of sholtoring 1500 to 2000 people, At tho prusont tiiro there are about 500 persons in tho camp, Sach day refugees arrive from the North. Some aru in rather ftooc condition, leaving passed without difficulty; othor!, escaped from prison in tho North, aru in vory bad atopo. As soon as poaaiblo, tho rofu^oos aiv ucnt duv.n t«» t;o Soutli ;ind fl;inhrlbut«jd to tho vnriouo rrov.ljiot!n, /Golnnol B/KHP/tef *-lfatl ;, Colonel Fairchild checks everything personally and is doing very good work in tho camp. Monday.23 August 194G Morning, Received various personalities in the Hotel, mainly representatives of voluntary agencies, or churches. Afternoon* Meeting 7/ith the newly appointed Minister for- Social Affairs, Kr, C.H.'Chon, and member8 of his Ministry* The principles of !OF wore discussed very thoroughly. As soon as the Minister of Social Affairs has set up a proposed program'and an ICEF plan of operations in Korea, he will forward it to Nsw Yorki This frogram will be worked out in the coming weeks, Tho Minister clearly emphasized that they will not he able to do anything before a certain timw, since the Government, tho Ministries and the Administration-are newly formed and aro not ,« yet r,oady- to operate • ., . , . 4 Tuesday. 24. August 1940 • • i . . i .-, Morning. Received by the Minister for Foreign Affairs, MT. T.S. Chang, Dr. Junod had a long discussion with the Minister, and explained a?ain the basic principles of ICEF policyc Tho Minister is vory onthusiastio at the idea 'of having ICEF assistance in Korea, and assured Dr. Junod that his Government woild do everything possible with regard to matching, payment for the cost • of operation, etc. Ho recommends vory strongly an ICEF operation in tho form of a child wolfaro demonstration centre for tho training of noci'il workers/ nursos and child welfare specialists. 5.15 pm Left Sooul. 9.15 pm Arrived Shanphaio Dr. K, Junod, E/ICBBA26 Page 4- August 20th Mooting at NEB regarding International Children's Fund Hoalth (National) . Dr, Y. S. Loo, Director Dept, Public Hoalth & Welfare Lt. Col, S. J. Price, Advisor to DPH &'W • • ••'•• Capt. lifyra Herron, Advisor on Nursing Affairs i Mrs. Hong Ck Soon, Chief Nursing Section, DPH & W (2 other roprosentativos of nursos) Dr, Song;-Chief Preventive Medicine Sootion (in cnaree of maternal and child health) Mrs* H, H. Uaderwocd, Missionary working en milk stations in Seoul Welfare (National) Dr, Song .Chan Do, Chief Reliuf Bureau Mr. J, Snow, Adviser, Relief Bureau l*s. W. S. Lee, Social Work Consultant DPH & 7f Mr* Oh Chai Kyong, Chiof Welfare Institutions & Agencies Section L'ir. Song Byong Yong, Supervisor Inst* & Agencies • Mr, M.W.*Soherbaoher, Adviserr Bureau Well "Inst' filieencies* ' lifrs. Alice Andersen, Child Welfare Consultant Mr. John Underwood, Licensed Agencies for Reliof in America •• Miss Esther Park, YWCA Dr, Lee, who examined children for YV7CA feeding project Miss Lillian Baird, Child V/ofaro Consultant, Welfare (City of Seoul) Miss Mary Saoltzor, Advisor \Volfaro Mr, Kirn, Section Chiof, Sooul City Education I/ir, L*'L« Heffron, Advisor, Mono Economics 4 Dr. U^ S0 K''.:?. Pducntilcn Dop /. Representative Dr, Olive Whilden, Adviser in Sepcial Education Mr', Chu, Section Chief, Special-Education t National Economic Board Dr, M, Pock, Advisor fcr AiTiculturo, NEB Mr. D. 0. Deihl, Statistician, Wage Stabilization Mr, A, Jamin, Advisor in Statistics, Dopt, of Census National Pood Administration Mr, Carroll Hill, Adviser KFA Ivir. Leo, MFA Mr, L, Fontaino, Office uf Controllod Commodities I) Kturui run nuniira |f l/ICEF/W 26 Page 5 SPECIAL MISSION TO KOREA OF DR. MARCEL JUNOD, CHIEF OF. UNICEF MISSION, CHINA, 19 to 24 AUGUST 1948 I. INTRODUCTION On Sunday, 15 August 19146, Korea proclaimed its Independence. A new Government has been set up and took control after forty years of Japenese occupation and three years of American Military Occupation. I arrived in Korea four days after the proclamation of Independence, when the administration of the country had just passed from the American General in Command to the new Government. I received a hearty welcome from the U.S. Army,Command and from the New Government. I tried to collect all the,information required in i,. 3!ne**J !«« 2£3Ms«8^ • • • opeija|ion^in^Kprfea. ,,The*data, records^andpStatistiQs^giventin this report were given to me by the Advisers on Civil Affairs of the former U.S. .Army, Military•, Government, by various Korean officials, and by the representatives of Voluntary Agencies. I had the opportunity of going through the report on History for the period September 1945 to May 1947, and the period June 1947 to 13 June 1948, written by the American Advisers on medical services and welfare. Large portions of these reports are quoted in mine. I think that these American documents would be of great value to UNICEF and WHO, and I have suggested that Lt. Col. S.J. Price should send copies of these documents to Lake Success. The remarkable work done by the Department of Civil Affairs of USAFIK (United States Armed Forces in Korea) can serve as the basis for any United Nations organizations which will have to work in Korea at a later date. I was not able to go to North Korea and did not endeavour to do so, since the instruction received from the UNICEF Headquarters was to await an invitation, and such an invitation has not yet been received. This Report is therefore solely concerned with South Korea. KOREA*U30VERNMENT The President of ^fhe^-^ie^^OYejrTuiiett*^ Rhee, who warmly welcomed me as the fir^t^r^?«^&aa±a^ye of ICEF to visit his country. My visit to the Ppeslclent was more^Tn~~^Ke^-natiireof a courtesy call than a reatl^.disc'ussion on an eventual ICEF operation-in^Korea. However, I submitted to the President a copy of the Agreement signed between the Government of tho RannMir nf rMr*» -"-^ MMTrrr -.« - ->~J~i «-- -.*-.•.* rernment nas oeen set up ana took control after forty years of Japanese occupation and three years of American Military Occupation. I arrived, in Korea four days after the proclamation of Independence, when the administration of the country had just passed from the American General in Command to the new Government. I received a hearty welcome from the U.S. Array Command and/from the New Government. Xlrried to collect all the informationy*equired in "General Terms of Reference for Dr. T. Parran," for ajx'eventual ICEF operation in Korea. The data, records and statistics given in this report were given to me DY the Advisers on Civil Affairs of the former U.S. Army Military Government, by various Korean officials, and by the representatives of Voluntkxjv Agencies. I had the opportunity of going through the report on History for the period September 1945 to May 19H7, aSdMrhe period June 1947 to 13 June 1948, written by the American Advisersxm medical services and welfare. Large portions of these reports are quoted in mine. I think that these American documents would be of/£reat valueNto UNICEF and WHO, and I have suggested that Lt. Col. S.J./frice should send copies of these documents to Lake Success. The remarkable work done by the Department of Ci^&l Affairs of USAFIK (United States Arine^r Forces in Korea.) can»serve as^he''basis~for*fcny**4" United Nations organizations which will have to worVXtn Korea at a later date. / ' - .. —.~ .;*-«*«"»iH***»- ....,.«*»*.... ».***•***», I was not able to go to North Korea and did not endeavour to do so, since the instruction received from the UNICEF Headquarters was to await an invitation, and such an invitation has not yet been received. This Report is therefore solely concerned with South Korea. .KOREAN GOVERNMENT The President of the new Government is Dr. Syngman Rhee, who warmly welcomed me as the first representative of ICEF to visit his country. My visit to the President was more in the nature of a courtesy call than a real discussion on an eventual ICEF operation in Korea. However, I submitted to the President a copy of the Agreement signed between the Government of the Republic of China and UNICEF as a model for any eventual Agreement between the Government of Korea and UNICEF. The Minister for Freign Affairs is Mr. T.S. Chang, who expressed the same views as the President, and added that his Government would be pleased to assist ICEF Representatives in their task, and would be ready to carry out the requirements of the basic principles of ICEF. However, he did not conceal the fact that it was much too / early .) fj. p. 3> » S <«!• E/ICEF/W k6 Pago. 16 •- oarly for hlo Government to take any decision regarding an ICEF Program in Korea at tho prosont tine. His general, opinion is that a , Qhild,Welfaro Demonstration Center for the training of social work- " era would bo the best form which.an ICEF Program could take, as there is a complete lack of such personnel in Korea• Ho would welcome the early arrival in Korea of a permanent Representative of ICEP who could work out, with the Government, such a ffrogranu The Minister for Social Affairs is Mr. C* H. Chon. Ho attended a meet- ing with his staff of Advisers and the American Civil Affairs Adviser on Monday, 23 August, held in his cwn Department, He itatcd that hiS;MLnifl$ry will hflvoffche direction of four Bureaus i Health, . ' Welfare"*, La-jor, Fomon. 'He also said that it was too early for him to give hie opinion on what would bo the best plan for an ICEF 1 Program in Kora».<• I fuvo him all information concerning ICEF policy and promltiod bo send him al?. relevant documentation. III. KOREA' -.- GENERAL SITUATIG " . . ... : • Tho total pop-iintion of Korea is .about 30 million. Korea hasnot suffered frcru; th III. KOREk— GENERAL SITUATIG * ;: The totaXpop-mtion of Kores, is about 30 million, Korea hasnqt suffered fto; tho direct effects of war, such'as b&bardments, . destruction oi^ciui.33, linos of communication, bridges, or, any.'.. ;V Ibslabs'of hmnnrtslifo. However, as an indiroctrcsult of the war j k an<3 the cirtifirsia^l divisioi of the countrjr^t the 38th Parallel, some problems sro st^.11 unsolved. (a) Refji^eea. l,773jOO? ro.i:u«?oco h;ivo oonla fro/Japan to South Korea. 4753#$ have come from Lfenchuria; 176^258 have come from China or other, parts of ;bhc Ff.r E'-.st, 2,500/gOa (?) have cone frcm North China. • These fig'.u'oc afo not absrimtoly\eliablo and the statistics indicated; b-' tlw Amoi-ican/Oivil /iffairs Department are consider- ably lavor, A0':ord.in3 ;to their dataXjno total number of refugees in South Korea is '* *yst* mj.lljor: maximum. However, this number is very biggin propor/ion to tlio populationyin South Korea, which is ;l about 20'riiXllom'/ ^. The main dii'i'ipmtj is to find shelters for these people. As soon f as the rofugoos have crosoad tho border they ar\sent to the various i Provinces. /The Cantrnl Oovcrnjiont gives sowe suoSidies to the I 'Rrovinceo/to help thorn in tho receiving of these ro^ugees. In 1947 the Central Government gave 390 pillion yen, in addrbion to 100 . mil^ior/yon c^o'lanivoly for e. housing program and foooN^proouroment. In ttfe new houaoc built by the Govornment or tho JFrovinces, each fapaly is onW.v.!!.€d to live in a spar.? 80 foet square, plusKone Small kitchen. /» No special lYogrum exists for the children in tho refugee camps* (*>) 'Induatrial Jfroblomn Tho olectric po,vor production is located in the North, and the factories in tho ScYJi,. No arrangement hao aj yet baen made for South Koren. to gat tin paver nooessary for the running of the factorioo t (c) Chemical, fortilisor The fwtiZk'.ar rac-coioion sfc all loca-od in ''oho North, and the largest areas under a^-ou* i-v;\'!." ftu"!t:./otioi: arc. J.ocitnd in tho South. / (d) E/ICEFA 26 flago 7 (d) Forestation i . The forests are located in the North, and wood is bad3y needed in the South,, where forests are very rare, for the construction of new housing, especially for the refugee3. 17. POPULATION . .;t Korean population data fof'the period of Japanese occupancy generally are recognized as not having a high degree of accuracy, The annual reports of the government consistently reported the natural increase at less than the total growth, oven though it was recognized that the number of Korsans emigrating nearly always exceeded the number of people immigrating to Korea.' In the city of Seoul reports for 1947 indicate there were 48*948 births and 15,126 deaths, of which 4,087 wore reported among children less than ono year of age* In the whole of South Koroa, which had over 16 times..the. population of Seoul, the corresponding figures are 438,032: 178,506 and 21,402. The extent of i -' ftoftbtoi$9rfj&nHe&!A if MM *% fallows;' fef *,M$f,;. |ff *ftef |||;^ If^' ?%<• *c * "*'•,n •f:$ f f &n Data Data Indicated reported Column (1) roportod for under-reporting for Sooul X 16.12 South Korea for South Korea (1) (2) (3) ^Col.2 minus Col. 3) Births 48,948 789,042 438,032 351,010 Deaths 15,126 243,831 178,506 65,325 Deaths under one year 4.087 65.^32 21.402 44.480 If the city of Seoul wore fully representative* of all South Koroa, and if the births and deaths were completely reported in Seoul, the figures in column 2 might be used as representative of all.South Korea. This, of course, is not the situation for sovoral reasons. Since 1940 the increase in population has boen 60 per cent for Seoul compared with 3 4 por cent for tho whole of South Koroa. Korean families uaially resist:,*' births in the gun office of the family's domicile. A large proportion of the immigrant families from other partsof South Korea still regard! tho placo from which they oamo as their domicile. Thus, somo estimate is needed of tho births in Seoul that aro recordtni Qlsuwhero. Tho table above clearly indicates that a great many births not rooordod in Sooul probably aro not recorded ar^whoro. *.!•:,, The 60 per cent intsrjajjLin-t&J-oily 6f:--sacaLL_p_op_ulation may be roughly^dixided--±ffEo'T3f;por cont natural incroaso, I'ants from outside South Korea and 20 per cont immii?rants from was recognized that the number of Koreans emigrating nearly always exceeded the number of people immigrating to Korea.' the city of Seoul reports for 1947 indicate there were 48,948, births and 15,126 deaths, of which 4,087 wore reported among children less than one year of age. In tho whole of South Je&roa, which nad over 16 times thp. population of Seoul, the corresponding figureo \ro 43*,032; 178,506 and 21,402. The extent or under- roporting outside Seoul is indicated - though, perhap^not too accurately -^f the dr'^of Seoul aro multiplied )grl6.12, as follows; Data ta Indicated reported Column roportod for under-reporting for Seoul X 16. South Korea for South Korea (1) (2). _(3)___ (Col,2 minus Col,3) Births 48,948 £42 433,032 351,010 Deaths 15,126 '243,89a 178,506 65,325 Deaths under one year 4^087 / 65S£2\ 21.402 ,44.480 If the city of Seoul were fully representative of all South Korea, and if tho birthe and deaths woro aomplotb^y reported in Seoul, tho figures in column 2 might be used as representative of all.South Korea. This/ of course, is not tho DituationNfor several reasons. Since 1940/xhe increase in population has been oO per cent for Seoul coippared with 3 4 per cent for tho whole of^South Koroa. Korean families uaaally regietor births in the gun office of the family's domicile. A largo proportion of the immigraht families from/other parts of South Koroa still regard tho place fVom which th0y came as their domicile. Thus, somo estimate is noedod^of the •ths in Seoul that aro recorded elsewhere. The table abo^ sclearly indicates that a groat many births not rocordod in.Seoul probably are not recorded ar^whoro. The 60 per cent increase in tho city of Sooul population may be roughly divided into 15 per cont natural increase, 25 per cent immigrants from outside South Korea and 20 per cont immigrants from other parts of South Korea. I/ Those- 20 por cent ttonld usually • oontlnuo to regard their ancestral domicile as their "homo". If the birth rate of those 20 per cont isas the samo as' for tho rest of Sooul, they would have about 6,000 births not reported in Sooul. Adding these births to those reported would bring tho total to approximately 55,000 in Seoul and about 887,000 in South Koroa. This latter figure would roprcsont a birth rate of 44.35 por thousand, roughly comparable to the reported birth rato in sovoral Central American countries. 2/ I/ and 2/ t See foonoteo noxt pago- PQ.PQ »• 6/fl Statistics on deaths for the city of Seoul' probably are more complete than on births, owing to the necessary of obtaining a funeral permit and a death certificate for burial* None the less, a considerable number of deaths among infants and some others are not recorded* In the absence of any other inform- , ation, an allowance of 5 per cent, or 750 unreported deaths, would seem to be conservative*. Adding this amount would raise the total deaths in Seoul to about 15,000'and for all South Korea to about 260,000 poraont* • fte difference between the derived totals for births and deaths in South Korea.indicated natural increase of 3.1 por cent, or 627*000 per year* Estimated Population by Ago Groups, South'Korea, Sept* 1948 *t- r,,*, .....J&H.. «**' •'rwitii&W!^^ & Children under"18-years* *^ $*y,¥ f^ftl 9*550iOQOiFsitt Oi i ~ 4t$eails •••• -^ M- *. " $%%, 3,350,000 ! Under 1 yr. 890,000 1-4 yrs, 2,440,000 5-9 yrs. 2,440,000 10-14 yrs. 2,360,000 15 - 17 yrs.' 1,400,000 Estimated Birth and* Death Rates por Thousand People, by Selected Age Groups, South Korea, 1947 Births 44.3 Deaths Under 1 yr. 37.9 1-4 yrs. 21.8 5-9 yrs. 6.4 10-14 yrs. 2.5 15 - 17 yrs. 3.0 rot iw,i\ 5>. . •>!> »..« v.vvck* wvctwuo ui ouuux *o aoouD j^jvuu ~anci ror an aoutn Korea to about 260|0CO persons* • le difference between the derived totals for births and deaths inXSouth Korea.indioatod natural increases of 3.1 por cent, or 627)900 per year. Estimated Population by Ago Groups, South'Korea, Sopt. 1948 'Total population 20.400.000 Children under years 9.550.000 0-4 years 3,350,000 Undor 1 yr. ),000 1-4 yrs. r, 440, ooo 5 - 9 yrs. 2,440,000 LO - 14 yrs. 2,360,000 15-17 yrs. ' 1,400,000 Estimated Birth and Dsath Rates per Thousand People, by Selected Age Groups, South Korea, 1947 ,. . ..„,,;- , *.-,.' .„»•»»«.- .».»•%«•*?'•«•••• -""• •••'•-v**'^'" '* •••»•;>•.-*,-•. »-,M^..A«." -,,(,ii'..*"."-*-*- • Births 44.3 Deaths Under 1 yr. 1 - 4 yrs. 5-9 yrs, 10-14 yrs. 15 - 17 yrs. Maternal deaths per 1,000 live births, Mi I/• The 15 per cent natural increase io roughly the increasi , • e - . at the rate of 1.7 per cent por year agreed upon by the Committee on Population Statistics. ' 2/ Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, National Office of the'United Nations, Sept. J.947, pp. 9 - 11. E/ICEF/7 26 I"l ;.C 9 DEATHS REPORTED BY AGE GROUPS South Korea, TfMfft • Affo OrouDS lumber Percentage • Total ' 173,5'06 100.00 Less than 1 21,402 12.00 0-4 57,926 32.4 5-9 10,635 6.0 10 - U 4,102 2.3 15-19 4,861 2.7 20-24 . . .i .- - 6,'208*- -• • •*"•••"- . t. .. .,,... ( ..-:-^,- #*.-< r-- •• l*JI';r'C-" • '•r-'v.-*.^'**ir1* "••• "'-v '••••-•"<*- 25-29 5,797 3^2 30-34 5,839 3.3 35 -39 6.540 3.7 40-44 6,633 3.7 •45 - 49 7,496 4.2 50 - 54 e,ui . 4.5 55- 59 9^773 5.5 60-64 9,458 5.3 65 - 69 10,677 6.0 70 -74 C.650 4.8 75 - 79 8,207 4.6 80 - 84 4.215 2.4 85-89 ' 1,949 1.1 90-94 640 1 0.4 95 - 99 234 o.l Above 100 76 - Unknown 479 0.3 ,* •••!. ••)!>?. «!>••<$$ .r ••:.. •-. !;}'<&•?' i :sf :f'J )• i • • .»*• •?ir ,^:,r",^n H'Hv »!—! ->'t--; - i -i E/ICEFA 26 >« -.'a in V. HEALTH A* Digeases • YM (1) Tuberculosis TB is the most widespread of all diseases in Kqrcav •• -The total number of population affooted by TB is ofltimatod at 300,000. About ^5,000 deatho loan bo yearly attributed to TB* Only three TB sanatoria exist in Korea - two containing 50 beds each, and ono at Masan in Kyong Sang Nambo Province, which caros for 200 patients* The spread of TB is due to lack of shelters, density of inhabitants in the living quarters, .lack of control, lack of X-ray apparatuses* (Regarding these apparatuses, the Korean hospitals have only Japanese X-ray machines and are unable to purchase spare parts from Japan, such as tubes, etc.). The BCO 'does not exist at all. One 'Korean doctor is at present working at the National Chemical laboratory on experimental studies on animals u^?JlP,8^Vof J1^^ t?rcrMtf- •• - ^(2V:;>eft?8trfaSeaiS8 f ' ^ • r^i"" ^ti ' <•" '^r'-wr'. In "Sv- *-'4'"St?———~——~—————""~———>•*.••* *••"•-" '''' ' --••'•:•••• -• .",•'* '• •- >-••' , TheVDControl Section of the U.S. Army made a survey on the incidence of VD among entertaining girls, i.e., Kisang sir Is, dancers, bar girls* and waitresses. 14,089 girls wero examined (physical and sereological examination). 66.12 wore infected with VD (35«2# affected with • gonhorreaj 30.8JJ affected with syphilis, and 0.12# affected with other types of»VD). The morbidity rato of these girls was rather high-due to the earlier lack of any responsible agency for control. Some Korean statistics estimate the.rate of VD among the population at k% affected with gonhorren and 2% affected with syphilis. These figures'ore probably exaggerated and no re->l control of the population has been'made up-to-date* (3) Leprosy • ••"•••™*—•^™g*>***1* Leprosy is still vory active in Korea. The total number of lopcrs in South Koroa is 30,000, amongst thorn about 10,000 children. Only a fair; of thorn have been placao in loprosariumsj 700 in Yoou, 700 in Taigu, both under the sponsorship of the Bresbytorian Mission, and 600 in Fusan in a Provincial Institution, The Government has establishes.1 a National Loper Institution on Sorokoto Island, whero 6,000 lopors are located* All othbr lepers are scattered throughout the country. The main problem is how to segregate healthy children from parents suffering frcm leprosy, and to put them into institutions whore thoy will be cared for. C4)~^\r.yalar uj. jjujju.uiuj.uii aiiwcwju ay lu IB OBT»ici£U/oa &TJ .5uu,uuu. , Aouvrb *»,;?,wuw doatha oan bo yearly attributed to TB» Only three TB sanatoria exist in Korea - two containing 50 beds each, and one at Masan in Ifyong sSang Nambo Provinoe, which cares for 200 patients. The spread of is due to lack of shelters, density of inhabitants in the living qu&tors, lack of control, lack of X-ray apparatuses. (Regarding theseN&pparatuses, the Korean hospitals have only Jaoaneso X-ray machines! and are unable to purchase spare parts from Japan, such as tubes, ere.). The BOG 'doesSnot exist at all. One 'Korean doctor is at preseA^working at the National Chemical Laboratory on experimental studies-'on animals using a 'TB strain of Japanese origin '(Tonkan and Dakoo^ (2) ' Venereal Diseases i ^ TheVDControl Section of tho U.S. Army made a irurvey on the incidence of VD among entertainingVirls, i.e., Kisan^irls, dancers, bar girls' and waitresses. 14,889 E"vl° wero .examin^Xphysical and soreological examination). 66.12 wero infected witlri/jlr (35.2# affected with gonhorreaj 30.8$ affected withv syphil^^ and 0.1256 affected with other types of* VD). Tho morbidity ra^o qfx&ese girls was rather high -due to tho earlier lack of any responsible agency for control. Some Korean statistics estimate the^ato of VD among the population at 4/6 a£f«?cted with gonhorrdn and 2% affected with syphilis. These ' figures'are probably exaggerated and noN^ejl control of tho population has been'made up-to-dal (3) Leprosy Leprosy is stil^vory active in Korea. Tho total number of lopcrs in South •Korojr is 30,000, amongst thorn about 10,000 children. Only a fc//r of tham have been placee in loprosariumsj 70Qi in Yosu, 700 in Taigu,/«oth under the sponsorship of the fresbyton^m Mission, and 600 Jm Fusan in a Provincial Institution. The Government has establishec" a National Loper Institution on Sorokoto Island, where 6,000/iopors are located. All oth^r lepers are scattered throughout the/country. The main problem is how to segregate healthy children ''om parents suffering from leprosy, and to put them into institutions ^hore thoy will be car ad for. (4) Maria Malaria has boon raging in Korea during Burner months of 194-7 and 1948. Tho faloiptvrum form of tho parasite has been introduced in tho country by the repatriates from the Pacific Islands and has incroasod by gravity of tho situation. 93*000 cases are reported to exist. Korean statistics statud that 1$ of tho total population is affoctod with -ilaria. / (5) E/ICEF/ff 26 Pago 11 •'• (5) ' Helmerith. Infestation- . :'' / • :; !'•:•.. ' •'. • ••'.-.• •"•: "'•".. ' '•:'. ;•.'?' ••"'• BQ% of the-populations are affooted by worms. This is duo to a complete' lack of santonin which-is not available in tho country* (6) Othar diBoafloa Cholera was introduced in May 1946 by rofugoes. 15,642 oases had bean reported, with 10,191 deaths. In 194-6 also, 5,886 typhus fever cases were reported. The incidence of typhoid is also high. 9,319 patients wore reported during the first" half of 1946, and 4,318 cases from October 1946 to May 1947. Diphtheria 10"a major cause of child morbidity. Production of toxoid in the. National Laboratory in Seoul -has'hot been possible, 'due to a shortage/ of alum, but diphtheria antitoxin is produced on a' potency of only 500 units per CC, and is unsafe'.for intravenous injections because, it 'container, impurjyyyw.,.^,;^^ ^f^r ^*-"'; -•<••••'*"-**""""" At tho present^^time-most of > these diosasea are under control. Vaccin- ations at port cities and large cities of entry are t.oing regularly performed. A: system of quarantine1, as soon as a case is declared, is bolng set up. This system is well organized along the border of the. 38th Parallel to prevent tho importation of communicable diseases from North Korea and Manchuria. However, publifc health services must Lo enlarged and increased by training public health doctors and nurses. Mass immunization program for typhoid and typhus, as well as smallpox, is still noodocV The National Chemical Labor- atory, which stopped to exist, upon the withdrawal of tho Japanese, has boon woil developed after the.landing of'the American Poroesi Production of all sorts of vaccines, except BCQ, is possible new,' 'but not in sufficient quantities to meet the needs of the country, especially typhus vaccine production. • ' To meet the needs, tho National Gnomical Laboratory must bo supplied with equipment and trained personnel. Mass x-ray program will bo needed because of the probability that TB claims more livos than cholera, smallpox and typhoid, all put together. BOG program is strongly recommended. B. Medical Services *^ ' ' At •thT^r^a«flt-jfcima_jyie_20^^ in South Korea aro being treated by 3,764 rti^JaFrpTalftl^^ some background in medicine. ThaV-tfan bo divided into throio~^a^Ggorie*T-~afl_fpllcw8t faT Graduates of rorulflr v«rH-«?».-«! «oT!^~-f In 194-6 also, 5,886 typhus fever cases woro reported. The incidence of ^typhoid is also high. 9,319 patients were reported during the fiist'half of 1946, and 4,318 cases from October 1946 to May 1947• Diphtheria'iena major cause of child morbidity. firpdiiction of toxoid in thei^fetional Laboratory in Seoul has 'hot been possible, 'due to shortage.\f alum, but diphtheria antitoxin is produced on a poi of only 500sunits per CO, and is unsafe ,for intravenous inJoetflons because, it'contains impurities. At tho present tiifca moat of theoe diosaees are urjfi«r control, Vaccin- ations at port cities.and large cities of entryxare loing regularly per for mod. A system of qunrantinoy as soon^Ts a case is declared, is toing set up. This system is woll ca^amzod along the border of the 38th Parallel to prevent tho importation of communicable diseases from North Korea and Manchuria. However, publifc health sorvices must bo enlarged andNLnofoasod by training public health doctors and nurses. Mass iiaAurfizatian program for typhoid and typhus, as woll as smallpox, is still nockiod.- The National Chemical Labor- atory, Which stop^od to exist- uporNtho withdrawal of the Japanese, has been woll developed/after the.landing of'tho American Forces. Production of all sojrts of vaccines, axoopt BCQ, is possible new,1 rbut not in sufficient quantities to mee$ the needs of the country, especially typhuar vaccine production. To moot the needs, tho National Chemical Iteratory must be supplied with equipment and trained personnel. Mass x^ray program will bo heeded bocaus e of the probability that TB claims more lives than Cholera, smallpox and typhoid, all put together. &r BCO program is strongly recommended. B» Medical Services At tho present time the 20 million people in South Korea are being treated by 3,764 rugular .practitlonors who have had some background in medicine. That can be divided into three categories, as followst (a) Graduates of regular nodical colleges - 1,700. (fr); Self-taught without school studios - number unknown (c) Nurses havin* g pas' t 5 years of practice in a hospitali* . These can practice as doctors in an assigned 'district - number unknown. /five •,/ICEP/ff 26 rage 12 Five nodical colleges oxist at the present time in Korea from where 220 doctors arc graduated yearly. One university in Seoul has a mediqal fa'oulty frcm where good, doctors are being graduated yearly. The doctors trained*.at this university can be almost compared to doctors of the Western countries, but those trained as nurses and self-taught ore of very po-»r education. t A large proportion of all medicines have been imported from the United States. Tho physicians are now beginning to understand and administer American drugs. The Korean people suffer from all the diseases and illnesses recognized in the V,restorn countries, plus the fact that a large proportion is disabled by such diseases as leprosy, TB amd helmenth'infestation. Tho number of institutions which draw medical supplies and equipment from public health and welfare is at present 50. This figure includes four leprosaria, one TB..sanatorium, and 45 general hospitals, the latter containing 4*123 patients. Also, supported by various other Govern- ment Agencies, arc several institutions, six general hospitals for the education of medical students, and several general clinics run by Government iSorvices^in industry^forvtho benefit :0f^thaf,ompl0yeesfir^? - I • ' - ; t The institutions under the Bureau of Medical Services have a total of 1,600 in-pationts and troat well over 1,000 -out-patients per day. The institutions under other Government' Offices have a total in-patient capacity of over 2,000 pationts per day, and troat an estimated < 3,.000 out-pmtions per day. In adcition to this, practically every doctor in private practice — approximately 1,500 doctors— has established his own private hospital, with patient capacity as high as 40. Many of the practitioners see 'as many as 100 pationts per day. • During the war all stocks of medicine wore greatly depleted. There was no importation of raw materials, and manufacture of drugs practic- . ally ceased, In addition, many drugs and much equipment was requisit- ioned by the Japanese army. Hospital buildings wore not repaired for six yoars. Recognizing the above situation, and in view of the increased incid- ence of disease that followed the war yoars, the American Military Government did its best to bring the hospitals of Korea back at least to the pro-war standard. There is a definite shortage of nursos in Koroa. As at 7 July jL94u thoro wore 1,226 licensed mid-wives with 62 eligible for licensing following the examination of May 1940. Thoro arc 1,160 licensed nursos, with 50 more eligible foll'winq the examination, Today approximately 3,000 doctors are licensed. This gives a ratio of one'nurse for throo dootorc, which is in rover so of tho normal pro- portion. tnonwM nrt fr> v^.-,^v.*ri 4V.rv-« 4-U- fU>f>4,,~ -,/> *»,„„.«.._ ».«/•.•_.,, !« leprosy, TB amd helmenth'infestation. The number of institutions which draw medical supplies and equipment from public health and welfare is at present 50. This figure includes fourNloprosaria, one TB,sanatorium, and 45 general hospitals, the latter containing 4,120 patients. Also, supported by various other Govern- ment Agencies, arc several institutions, six general hospitals for the education of medical students^ and several general clinics run,by Government\orvices in industry for the benefit of the employees,, The institutions undor the Bureau of Medical Sorvioos havo/atotal of 1,600 in-patipnis and treat well over 1,000 •but-gationtsxper day. The institutions under other Government Offices Iravc/atotal in-patient- capacity of over 2/SOO patients per Uay, and troajxan estimated 3,,000 out-pat ions poXday. In ad&tion to this, practically every doc>5r in private? practice — approximately 1,500 doctors—- has established his own private .hospital, with patient capacity as high as 40. /tfany of the practitioners see 'as many as 100 patients per d) • During the war all stocks of m^dibcdno.woro greatly doplotedt There was no importation of raw majberialsk, and manufacture of drugs practio- . ally ceased. In addition./many drugs, and much equipment was requisit- ioned by the Japanese ar^ay. Hospital\uildings wore not repaired 'for six years, * / Recognizing the abovo situation, and in vioV of the inorcased incid- ence of disease dbhat followed the war years/^tiie American Military Government did its best to bring the hospitals\of Korea back at least to the pro-wax1 standard. / There is a7definite shortage of nurses in Korea. *te at 7 July JL940 there woi-e 1,226 licensed mid-wives with 82 eligible\for licensing following the examination of May 194C. There are l,loC licensed nurse's, with 58 more eligible follwing the oxaminationV Today approximately 3,000 doctors aro licensed. This gives a r$tio of pno nurse for three doctors, which is in reverse of the normal pro- portion. , . According to reports from the Office of Nursing Affairs, there aroi mm Graduate Nurse per 26,665 population Student. Nurse per 32,027 '« iPublic Health Nurse per 176,084 " l Nurse's Aide per 46,7C4 " 1Midwife per 10,361 » Nursing in Korea has only recently risen t* the. status of a profession. E/IC3F/.J26 Pfege 13 3 VI* CHILD WELFARE A. in n *itntirno and A gen ^ie s Ii June 1948 there were 6,800 children in 88 licensed welfare Institutions in'South Korea* Presently there are 93 licensed institutions oaring for approximately 8,000 childrene (Hi August, 1945, there were 31 institutions caring for 1,547 chil- dren). Thece children include orphans, halph orphans, and some children who are deserted or whose parents are not able to oaro for themc • • . The* greatest need of these institutions is suplementary food and winter clothingo Basic grain allocation at ceiling price is 2 1 1 hop per child 9 per day, although many institution !" fflfvo provided 3 hop per person per day* * . , ' - , ••• Those institutions with gardens are able to supply vegetables to supplement 'the heavy-starch diet <4n the summer and fal! However, those institutions which do not have gardens provide in0 adequate diets during Rich of'the yearc As the children coming to .insti- tutions are in most oases badly undernourished, a more, nourish'ng t diet ie badly needed. The public subsidy to Institutions is % 25 per child i:ier,4ay^a^ cOo^8t$a^preseni pri0ee«v*Xt has notfbeen possible^-to .increase ,--•, ttheirsubsidytbeoause.jof lacldiKof total budgeted funds However, efforts have been wade to procure special foods and0 clothing, but this ha hao boon sporadic and cannot be counted on. Regular inclusion of milk and -enriched cereals (als'o vitamin pills and cod Diver oil where necessary) in the regular diet would be a great help to the institutions of South Korea. Wool clothing for winter and cotton underclothing is also badly needed. The institutions c.ro presently too poor to purchase cotton clothing supplies at current prices - to say nothing of the more soarse wool. There ara approximately 300 hundred infants under care in v:e?rfare institutions in South Korea at the present time. For the last six months, Licensed Agencies for Relief In Asia (IARA) has been able to. supply dried whole milk for this group. However, we cannot count on future supplies from this source. Institutions have not received any supplies of special baby foods at any time. It would bo most helpful if enriched baby foods were made available0 • The program of regular supervised foster oaro is new in Korea, Foster home forme and procedures have been worked out at the National Bureau oC Y,\.:,f:'.ro Institutions and Agenrl0c0 Presently, fifteen children are in .licensed foster' homos, Prior to liberation there wore a group of approximately one hundred children in unsupervised homes, llilhen it wae found that many of the children.were,being, used as household servants in homes that could not afford to ^pay; for 5 servanto, the children were removed. This program cannot),bo ox- ! panded greatly until social workers can be trained to give super- vision0 In 1947 it was esTImalQd that there were approximately 25,000 vagr 'nt Tchildrort -in Son-m vnn<-.« TO. ,.,«,- v, ^u,.* .hu-j= /»j...... • —www «v*a.i& UK4uu wi T/ne yearo HB t-ne cmxaren naming co .insti- tutions are In most oases badly undernourished, a more, nourishing diet is badly needed. The public subsidy to institutions is ¥ 25 peXoh^Lld per day at a time when ¥ 50 would more adequately meot cost>Kat present prices0 It has not been possible to increase the sufes^dy because of lack' of total budgeted funds 0 Hovreveir, efforts have been made to procure special foods and clothilng^ but this help han boon 2pb*;adio and cannot be counted on* Regular inclusion of milk and enriched cereals (als'o vitamin pills and ood-liver oil where necessary) Uk/the regular diet would be a .great help to the institutions of SoutlKXorea. Wool clothing for winter and potton underclothing is also MbO^ly needed. The institutions t.re presently too poor to purchase oottbnolothing supplies at current prices j^ to say nothing of the more sparse wool* There are approximately 300 hundred infants under caitT'in welfare institutions in South Korea at the present time^Tor the last six months, Licensed Agencies for Relief irK^fiKtlARA) has been able to. supply dried whole milk for this groupJC However, we cannot count on future supplies-from this sotirce^^mstlNtions have not received any supplies of special baby fooga'at any timeV^It would be most helpful if enriched baby foo£sKwere made availal • The progrcm of regular^ffupervifled foster oaro is newNn Korea, Foster home forms and procedures have been worked out at the National Bureau or ^Ifr^r^tostitutions and Agenr'-0e. Presontly/Xifteen children are iirlUcensed foster homes. Prior to liberatiohythere ' wore a group^bf approximately one hundred children in uhsupervised homes. When it was found that many of the children were bein&>used as houjwhold servants in homes that could not afford to pay for seryanto, the children were removed. This program cannot) be ox- parided greatly until social workers can be trained to give super- *"vision0 3h 1947, it was estimated that there were approximately 25,000 vagr 'nt children in South Korea, It may be that this figure is exaggerated, but it is known thousands of unoared for children are wander ing the streets in South ri^rea. Another child welfare problem that has not been met is the., need-for institutional care for children of lepers who are presently 'living with their parents. Physical facilities and funds are needed to provide care for this group. Presently there are throo ..institutions for these children located within the leper colonio oaring for approximately 250 children, It is important that thoi children are completely separated from the colonies. It is difficult to enforce ooiapleto segregation, and it is unfortunate to identify an untainted child with tho leper institutions. Four hundred suoh children need acoorodation immediately, and facilities should gradually be expended .?i moro duch children nre found. As thoro are approximately /30,OCO E/KJEF/826 Page 04 30,000 lepers in South Korea and it is conservatively estimated fee there is one untainted child among five lepers, over 5,0.00 childr.». need separate care. Many..c-an bo cared for by relatives; but tr^si who need public care should amount to at least 40/6, • " f B« Day and Night Nurseries or Day Nurseries There are no such agencies operating in Korea at this time. . • C, Moths? And Baby Centers and Milk Stations ' At present there are 9 pufclic baby centers in South Koroa. 1 'u r ai *e operating In th« provincial capitals of .each province, -They '.r«. caring for approximately 900 children daily. Oho important service of these centers is providing milk to infants whose mothers .cannot provide any or sufficient nourishment for them, 3h addition,Christian .voups are operating approximately 15 milk stations. The National supervisor of the baby centers from the Bureau of ifedioal Services, Dr« K,S, Song, believes that 30 pub3.ic baby centers can easily be established in the major cities of SouthKorea and that each can give care to 100 babies per day who need artificial feeding,.^.This^would^provide^an^urtient'l^;* rneSdo^| servioelifor'^tKei^bor people";of KoreaU Thcfs& persons ,who are . betted r-of ffcanipurehase*'the small quantity of fresh milk that is; • available or imported dried milk. Because of the serious inflation. salaried people cannot afford to buy milk and are in as serious econo- mic condition as the partially employed labourer. This service would not meet the whole need in Korea, but would provide help in the cities where the poor and unemployed congregate and where centers could be easily organized if milk and utensils wore available* D« Special Schools or Homes for Handicapped Children • The Feeble Minded »- Tho first institution for needy feeble-minded and epileptic children in Korea is to be established soon, A pioco of former Japanese property was recently provided and an allocation of ¥ 2,000.000 was made for administrative costs for the operation of the institution during the prosont fiscal year. Children will be received from orphanages and other institutions, * It is anticipated that 150 can bo brought under caro. Looms and other special equipment for tho mentally handicapped will be needed, Also, as with other institutions, funda are lacking for purchase of paint, windows, desks, chairs and other equipment, E, Schools Below (pago ll^~±s^.jrtatemont of number of schools by classification, students by sex and thfpttrbfil^number. - - . ;' ; It is estimated that only 60% of the chiJBrlm^in^the elementary age group are in school. AH Schools are over—crowded find r|.n rnnnv rvr«r>a H-Ki-v ^ ». n M —_ At present there are 9 pufclic baby centers in South Korea. 1 it r ai *e operating in the provincial capitals of each province» They TC paring for approximatoly 900 children daily. Oho iaportant service of^hese centers is providing milk to infants whose mothers .cannot provide any,or sufficient nourishment for them, 3h addition, Chr is tJafT roups are opening approximately 15 milk stations, -me National smorvisor of the baby^centers from the Bureau of •'Medical Services, D3r^xK,S, Song, believes tha/b\30 public baby centers can easily be estab^isned in the major cities of^SouthKorea and that each can give carpxfo 100 babies per day who need artificial food ing* This would mttvido an urtjontly MOded service for tKa poor pooplo of Koroa, Tjjoio persons who are better off can purchase^ne small quantity o^fresh milk that is available or imported driod milk, Becaus^xor the serious inflation, salaried people cannot afford to buy ntiHc and are in as serious econo- mic condition as -the partially^employiSd labourer. This service would not meet the whole need «ea, but would provide help in the cities where the poor and Loyed congregate and where centers could be easily organized if, anbXutensils were available* D. Special Schools or Jiomes for Handicapped Children The Feeble Minded ^xfhe first institution foV needy feeble-minded and epileptic children in Korea is to be established soon* A piece of former Japanese property was recently provided and an allocation of ¥ SjOOO.bpO *M.,made for administrative costs ^Kpr"the* operation.<* .i-i*4-";T*-* of the institution during the present fiscal year* Children will be received from orphanages and other Institutions, It is anticipated that 150 can bo brought under caro, L&oms and other special equipment for the mentally handicapped will be needed, J&ao9 as with other institutions, funds are lacking for purchase of paint, windows, desks, chairs and other equipment, E, Schools Below (pago 11) is a statement of number of schools by classification, students by sex and the total number. It is estimated that only 60g of the children.in the elementary age group are in school. All schools are over-crowded and in many cases they are run on shifts,, that is, a morning and afternoon session. All Other available buildings are also utilized. It is impossible to care for any more students with the present building facilities and the extreme shortages of teachers. The refugee situation is not included in this report, /SCHOOLS E/JCEF/i»6 Pace 15 SCHOOLS STUDENTS No, of Schools Boys Girls Total I. Primary Public 3398 . rOl? Private ffi Elementary Total J431 1,452,250 780,637 2,232,897 <, II, Secondary Public 299 •or • • .. Private 120 Middle Schools Total 419 174,849 52,694 227,543 III, Normal Schools 16 7,378 1,967 9,350 College of Education 1 1,200 100 1,300 Taegu Normal College 1 440 60 500 IV, Higher Schools 34 19,500.. 2,500 22,000 ••twttoiwrflitlefit~»^-!^rr^ ! •jflvior 1. ft ir {'u-i)fl-^..Lr-rii,v']<; ']O3 . •••'•: '; } :'< r-,!.'.v<- c"**.r-.'?<* ' '-Ifttar 1 ifr1 *•*' ~<4.%Mt*y"*______ F. (1) Statement of Basic Needs ». In addition to the infants, small children generally do not receive adequate diets in Korea. .The greatest needs are for fats and Vitamin D complex foods*, There is sufficient green vegetable consumption to take care of Vitamin A and D., and Vitamin C foods are not short except in winter. Protein,content is generally deficient. Mineral content of the diet is usually* good because of the general use of radishoc and tur- nips. Carbohydrate content is sufficient. Although there is nood for milk for all children, the need is most urgent for the children of the returning rofugot.8 and needy persons. Since liberation over 3,000,000 Koreans have returned to Korea, a lar^e proportion of whom arc children. ?here are about 2,000,000 needy persons in South Korea to-day of whom approximately one-half are rieody refugees. One-third of this gtfoup.-are children. Supplementary feeding should bo given this group. At all times at least 6,000 newly arrived persons are in the provincial re- fugee shelters and another 2^000 to 6,000 are receiving care in the 38th border camps. One-third of those persons are children. Those 4,000 children are in groat nood and provision of supplemotary nourishing foods to these children is badly needed and can bo efficiently administered through regular public welfare channels. or infants and sick' children, be distri- buted-'to (1; Baby Health Centers operated through the Section of Proven- tivo Medicine, Bureau of preventive Ifodicino. Department of Public Ur-.o14-V>* nw/! Vf- ' /r> \ t-. • - II* Secondary Public or Private Middle Schools Total £!!• Normal Schools 16 >ge of Education 1 Taog^ormal College 1 IV, Higher Spools 34 Un Ivors itios F* (1) Statement ftf Basic Noeds In addition to the infant* si c^jaildron generally do not roceive adequate diets in Korea* ,TI ;est needs are for fats and Vitamin D complex foods* There is si it green vegetable consumption to take care of Vitamin A and Dj fit! C foods are not short except in winter* Protein,contbr gone; deficient* Mineral content of the diet is usually ga&Kbooauso of ^^ general.,use 4of, radish^ ,aiad,,tur- nips* Carbohydrato/€0ntent is^sufflcie1i^*'^ltliougii there is need for milk for all childpm, the need is most urgent for the children of the returning rofugo^r and needy persons, SinceNliberation over 3,000,000 Koreans have spurned to Korea, a lar^e proportion of whom arc children. Tharo are ate«fc 2,000,000 needy persons in SoutlvKorea to-day of whom approximately one-half are needy refugees. One-thisd of thic croup are childreny^Supplemontary feeding should be given this\£roup. At all times ajf least 6,000 nev^ly arrived persons are in the provincial ro- fugoe/shelters and another 2,000 to 6,000 are receiving c&ro in the 38t)ar border camps* One-third of these persons are children^ These ^000 children are in groat need and provision of supplemot* iourishinc foods to these children is badly needed and can bo deficiently administerod throuKh regular public welfare channels, (2) Type of Food Needed Dried Whole Milk for infants o:-^i sick children. This would be distri- buted to (1) Baby Health Centers operated through the Section of Preven- tive Medicine, Bureau of preventive Msdicine, Department of Public Health4 and Welfare, (2) Nurseries and orphanages caring for infants under 1 year (approximately 300), and (3; refugee centers for infants under'1 and for sick children*. /Dried pgiqd "Skim Milk for Children, fhls would be distributed to (1) Baby Health Centers, for children over 1 and pregnant women^ f (2) Orphanagos for all, children except infants r. 770 children, (3) Spooial schools fox* all children - 600 children, and (4) •Child feeding centers ~--v operated under Bureau of Relief for malno'urlshecl childron of refugees find other needy children* Cod Liver Oil for children in above groups, ' • VIII.WOMEN'S HURE/vU The desire of the '.vonen of KrTea for active participation in the development of their country was amply demonstrated during tho general elect!or., with 4 r.dlli™ v:omeri voting^ There is need for T-rbectivo loriLiTixion f T v;:rkin(* women, homos for bucineuc rirlc ,irc nuedoil urgently, rxc ,-irls riot living with thoir families hive ;*rc-.t .iifficulty in finding places t livu. Protoction must b.1 guarantoud t'> pr»D{:n-int vromen anci nursinr mothers, as w&U as to infant:). Im;.r '.'veinont -f tho ntvitua of women will be carried ?n alone thc3 s.?jiu broirl lino a ns v/uro laid ciavn by the United Witions Connie si on on tho btntuc •!' '.Twiner. IX. CONCLUSION Vlhat will !.G the- beet and r^t-jjui^tiO*1J!1lcTj tTo^rl\rrrTor~1(*ii'oa t'^lJibyY nAll kinds of n^odS'.j:ij^r-lrr:Enat country- in 1V.-0,, oluhinf:, medical nui^j-ic-a, chJAd-^TSTf-iro .unJ chilJ }jO'-.lth ,:ursoi..':ul, ',^ct'.>ro, nuj'scn, etc.. agencies and v/hc supervise institutions have vory littlo understanaii of what their w::rk should involve. ^The inflation (legal rato of exchange, t US£1 equals 15 Yen; bljurfc market ito US-i-1 equals COO Yon) has rnaUe any prorcrr-m* which provicjas adequate f'oc^.- warmth anJ physical caro, very difficult. Evon -.vhjan money is available, necessary items, such as soap, stsckinjjs^^c., aro unobtain- able GXfc^pt on the black market. Stroaa ohouid to laid r,n training for un^loyiR^frf' and Job plaooiiuint in ohilcren'sNlnstitutionfi, in order t*j rcm^o tho olcor children from those inatitutiNns. In conclusion, tho proat handicap to/l&e developnont of a strong welfare program in South Kor -Vis the lickyof trained personnc;! and the lack of recognition of tho nuces^ity for/fcdQ^ins ;>2rsons vrho oro doing good wolfaro vrork in the fiolds\! Um.il tho fact that special skills and training arc necessary in srarfial welfare v::>rk is rccopnizecj, it will bo pointless to oxpoct muc>i prb^rocis in tho field. VIII.WOMEN'S BUREAU The desire of tho Vonen of Kr>rca for ac^kvc. participation in the development of their country was amply dcimN^strated during the general election, with/C r.tillinn vromon ypting^ There is naoc. for rotcctivo ler'icl'ition fc* vrorl^n^ women, homes for bucintfac girlc arc nooded urgently, as t'irls nonliving with their familie/hivc j^rcr.t difficulty in finding places t^ Jb^yu. ft«otection must jpc guaranteyd to pregnant women and nursinr mothcr^s, as woll as to irir.i.nto. Inrr ?vc!rio"nt • f tho ntatua of women will be. oarriod on aikmn the some broad linos as v.^re laid davn by the Unit aa\[ personnel in public hoalth, social ^airfare and child welfare is at present a great handicap to the country. Llany Koreans are ready to learn and to train themselves in'those fields,, and, if ICEF deoido to take this matter in their hands, they will rtieet with tho good will of the Korean population* Also, it seems to me that tho choice of the program depends on the amount of allocation of ICEF to Korea. If this amount remains moderate, as 1 believe, according to tho allocations already made to other countries in the Par East, feeding -or clothing programmes aro out of question. Then, two possibilities remain for ICEF in helping the young Republic of Koreat (1) in the public health field and (2) in tho social welfare field* (".) In tho public health field, I w^uld propose a nurao training program in child welfare hoalth in tho best hospitals available in Korea* A system of resident scholarships at those hospitals under direction of ono or two competent foreign nurses and, maybe, foreign doctor, will bo a very good way to meat the needs for such personnel in Korea, Selection can be • Ade amongst the nurses who havejorovon ...«»themselve• - _ ' s-• • t,-*o• • • .b. e»•:•-,.,,•••• successfu• •>-»,- ... JK l_ ...'"..mirt-*-!..in thei* >1K'mr**>H •*&.":*>*•trainin «i-:'t^«^»i^r!flWg an. <^»^M.J'd th« e-,ViWi»a|i*>^'!W«r»i«l{g*»f*J^fr>**"-*' best of them - "^ * can be sont abroad for a short period for further studios. (2) In the social welfare fiold a long term program, such as child welfare demonstration center, will be ibhe most advisable* UNICEF can provide tho necessary equipment and such supplies as milk, vitamins, etc., for training demonstration. Also, a resident scholar-? ship system with foreign teachers in the center will be of great value for development of a first group of efficient and reliable child welfare specialists in Korea. At the end of this report, I wish to emphasize how highly desirable it would to for UNICEF to render assistance to the now Republic of Korea at tho present time and to endeavor by all means to extend their program to the whole country. Dr.. M. Junod